The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580

Author: A. L. Mayhew

Walter W. Skeat

Release date: January 1, 2004 [eBook #10625]
Most recently updated: October 28, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Greg Lindahl and PG Distributed Proofreaders,
Anzia Kraus of the CWRU Library, and Louise Hope

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE ENGLISH FROM A.D. 1150 TO 1580 ***

A Concise Dictionary of Middle English

BY THE

REV. A. L. MAYHEW, M.A.

OF WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD

AND THE

REV. WALTER W. SKEAT

LITT.D.; LL.D. EDIN.; M.A. OXON.

ELRINGTON AND BOSWORTH PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

“These our Ancient Words here set down, I trust will for this time satisfie the Reader.”

R. Verstegan, Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, ch. vii (at the end)

“Authentic words be given, or none!”

Wordsworth, Lines on Macpherson’s Ossian

Oxford

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

M DCCC LXXXVIII

[All rights reserved]

London

HENRY FROWDE

Oxford University Press Warehouse

Amen Corner, E.C.

Contents

Preface

List of Sources

Dictionary

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I (vowel)

I (consonant)

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

Ta-, Te-

Th

Ti-Ty

U, V (vowel)

V U (consonant)

Wa-We

Wh

Wi-Wy

X

Y

Ȝ

Additions and Corrections

Transcriber’s Notes

For general information on using the Dictionary, and an explanation of the different types of underlining, see the Transcriber’s Notes at the end of this file. In the body of the Dictionary, italics and boldface are as in the original.

PREFACE

(By Professor Skeat.)

The present work is intended to meet, in some measure, the requirements of those who wish to make some study of Middle-English, and who find a difficulty in obtaining such assistance as will enable them to find out the meanings and etymologies of the words most essential to their purpose.

The best Middle-English Dictionary, that by Dr. Mätzner of Berlin, has only reached the end of the letter H; and it is probable that it will not be completed for many years. The only Middle-English Dictionary that has been carried on to the end of the alphabet is that by the late Dr. Stratmann, of Krefeld. This is a valuable work, and is indispensable for the more advanced student. However, the present work will still supply a deficiency, as it differs from Stratmann’s Dictionary in many particulars. We have chosen as our Main Words, where possible, the most typical of the forms or spellings of the period of Chaucer and Piers Plowman; in Stratmann, on the other hand, the form chosen as Main Word is generally the oldest form in which it appears, frequently one of the twelfth century. Moreover, with regard to authorities, we refer in the case of the great majority of our forms to a few, cheap, easily accessible works, whereas Stratmann’s authorities are mainly the numerous and expensive publications of the Early English Text Society. Lastly, we have paid special attention to the French element in Middle-English, whereas Stratmann is somewhat deficient in respect of words of French origin1. The book which has generally been found of most assistance to the learner is probably Halliwell’s Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words; but this is not specially confined to the Middle-English period, and the plan of it differs in several respects from that of the present work.

The scope of this volume will be best understood by an explanation of the circumstances that gave rise to it. Some useful and comparatively inexpensive volumes illustrative of the Middle-English period have been issued by the Clarendon Press; all of which are furnished with glossaries, explaining all the important words, with exact references to the passages wherein the words occur. In particular, the three useful hand-books containing Specimens of English (from 1150 down to 1580) together supply no less than sixty-seven characteristic extracts from the most important literary monuments of this period; and the three glossaries to these books together fill more than 370 pages of closely-printed type in double columns. The idea suggested itself that it would be highly desirable to bring the very useful information thus already collected under one alphabet, and this has now been effected. At the same time, a reference has in every case been carefully given to the particular Glossarial Index which registers each form here cited, so that it is perfectly easy for any one who consults our book to refer, not merely to the particular Index thus noted, but to the references given in that Index; and so, by means of such references, to find every passage referred to, with its proper context. Moreover the student only requires, for this purpose, a small array of the text-books in the Clarendon Press Series, instead of a more or less complete set of editions of Middle-English texts, the possession of which necessitates a considerable outlay of money. By this plan, so great a compression of information has been achieved, that a large number of the articles give a summary such as can be readily expanded to a considerable length, by the exercise of a very little trouble; and thus the work is practically as full of material as if it had been three or four times its present size. A couple of examples will shew what this really means.

At p. 26 is the following entry:—

‘Bi-heste, sb. promise, S, S2, C2, P; byheste, S2; beheste, S2; byhest, S2; bihese, S; biheest, W; bihese, pl., S.—AS. be-hǽs.’

By referring to the respective indexes here cited, such as S (= Glossary to Specimens of English, Part I), and the like, we easily expand this article into the following:—

‘Bi-heste, sb. promise, S (9. 19); S2 (1a. 184); C2 (B 37, 41, 42, F 698); P (3. 126); byheste, S2 (18b. 25); beheste, S2 (14a. 3); byhest, S2 (12. 57, 18b. 9, [where it may also be explained by grant]); bihese, S (where it is used as a plural); biheest, W (promise, command, Lk. xxiv. 49, Rom. iv. 13; pl. biheestis, Heb. xi. 13); bihese, S (pl. behests, promises, 4d. 55).—AS. behǽs.’

In order to exhibit the full meaning of this—which requires no further explanation to those who have in hand the books denoted by S, S2, &c.—it would be necessary to print the article at considerable length, as follows:—

‘Biheste, sb. promise; “dusi biheste” a foolish promise, (extract from) Ancren Riwle, l. 19; “and wel lute wule hulde þe biheste þat he nom,” (extract from) Robert of Gloucester, l. 184; “holdeth your biheste,” Chaucer, Introd. to Man of Law’s Prologue, l. 37; “biheste is dette,” same, l. 41; “al my biheste” same, l. 42; “or breken his biheste” Chaucer, sequel to Squieres Tale, l. 698; “þorw fals biheste,” Piers Plowman, Text B, Pass. iii, l. 126; “to vol-vulle (fulfil) þat byheste” Trevisa (extract from), lib. vi. cap. 29, l. 25; “the lond of promyssioun, or of beheste,” Prol. to Mandeville’s Travels, l. 3; “wiþ fair by-hest,” William and the Werwolf, l. 57; “þe byhest (promise, or grant) of oþere menne kyngdom,” Trevisa, lib. vi. cap. 29, l. 9; “y schal sende the biheest of my fadir in-to ȝou,” Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 49; “not bi the lawe is biheest to Abraham,” Wycl. Rom. iv. 13; “whanne the biheestis weren not takun,” Wycl. Heb. xi. 13; “longenge to godes bihese” Old Eng. Homilies, Dominica iv. post Pascha, l. 55.’

We thus obtain fifteen excellent examples of the use of this word, with the full context and an exact reference (easily verified) in every case. And, in the above instance, all the quotations lie within the compass of the eleven texts in the Clarendon Press Series denoted, respectively, by S, S2, S3, C, C2, C3, W, W2, P, H, and G.

The original design was to make use of these text-books only; but it was so easy to extend it by including examples to be obtained from other Glossaries and Dictionaries, that a considerable selection of interesting words was added from these, mainly for the sake of illustrating the words in the Clarendon text-books. These illustrative words can be fully or partially verified by those who happen to possess all or some of the works cited, or they can safely be taken on trust, as really occurring there, any mistake being due to such authority.

A second example will make this clearer. ‘Brant, adj. steep, high, MD, HD; brent, JD; brentest, superl. S2.—AS. brant (bront); cp. Swed. brant, Icel. brattr.’

Omitting the etymology, the above information is given in two short lines. Those who possess the ‘Specimens of English’ will easily find the example of the superl. brentest. By consulting Mätzner’s, Halliwell’s, and Jamieson’s Dictionaries, further information can be obtained, and the full article will appear as follows:—

‘Brant, adj. steep, high, MD [brant, brent, adj. ags. brand, arduus, altus, altn. brattr, altschw. branter, schw. brant, bratt, dän, brat, sch. brent, nordengl. Diall. brant: cf. “brant, steepe,” Manipulus Vocabulorum, p. 25: steil, hoch.—“Apon the bald Bucifelon brant up he sittes,” King Alexander, ed. Stevenson, p. 124; “Thir mountaynes ware als brant upritȝe as thay had bene walles,” MS. quoted in Halliwell’s Dict., p. 206; “Hyȝe bonkkes & brent,” Gawain and the Grene Knight, l. 2165; “Bowed to þe hyȝ bonk þer brentest hit wern,” Alliterative Poems, ed. Morris, Poem B, l. 379]; HD [brant, steep. North: “Brant against Flodden Hill,” explained by Nares from Ascham, “up the steep side;” cf. Brit. Bibl. i. 132, same as brandly?—“And thane thay com tille wonder heghe mountaynes, and it semed as the toppes had towched the firmament; and thir mountaynes were als brant upriȝte as thay had bene walles, so that ther was na clymbyng upon thame,” Life of Alexander, MS. Lincoln, fol. 38]; JD [brent, adj. high, straight, upright; “My bak, that sumtyme brent hes bene, Now cruikis lyk are camok tre,” Maitland Poems, p. 193; followed by a discussion extending to more than 160 lines of small print, which we forbear to quote]; brentest, superl. S2. 13. 379 [“And bowed to þe hyȝ bonk þer brentest hit were (MS. wern),” Allit. Poems, l. 379; already cited in Mätzner, above].’

The work, in fact, contains a very large collection of words, in many variant forms, appearing in English literature and in Glossaries between A.D. 1150 and A.D. 1580. The glossaries in S2, S3 (Specimens of English, 1298-1393, and 1394-1579) have furnished a considerable number of words belonging to the Scottish dialect, which most dictionaries (excepting of course that of Jamieson) omit.

The words are so arranged that even the beginner will, in general, easily find what he wants. We have included in one article, together with the Main Word, all the variant spellings of the glossaries, as well as the etymological information. We have also given in alphabetical order numerous cross-references to facilitate the finding of most of the variant forms, and to connect them with the Main Word. In this way, the arrangement is at once etymological and alphabetical—adapted to the needs of the student of the language and of the student of the literature.

The meanings of the words are given in modern English, directly after the Main Word. The variant forms, as given in their alphabetical position, are frequently also explained, thus saving (in such cases) the trouble of a cross-reference, if the meaning of the word is alone required.

An attempt is made in most cases to give the etymology, so far at least as to shew the immediate source of the Middle-English word. Especial pains have been taken with the words of French origin, which form so large a portion of the vocabulary of the Middle-English period. In many cases the AF (Anglo-French) forms are cited, from my list of English Words found in Anglo-French, as published for the Philological Society in 1882.

The student of English who wishes to trace back the history of a word still in use can, in general, find the Middle-English form in Skeat’s Etymological Dictionary, and will then be able to consult the present work in order to obtain further instances of its early use.

The relative share of the authors in the preparation of this work is easily explained. The whole of it in its present form (with the exception of the letter N) was compiled, prepared, and written out for press by Mr. Mayhew. The original plan was, however, my own; and I began by writing out the letter N (since augmented) by way of experiment and model. It will thus be seen that Mr. Mayhew’s share of the work has been incomparably the larger, involving all that is most laborious. On the other hand, I may claim that much of the labour was mine also, at a much earlier stage, as having originally compiled or revised the glossaries marked S2, S3, C2, C3, W, W2, P, and G, as well as the very full glossarial indexes cited as B, PP, and WA, and the dictionary cited as SkD. The important glossary marked S was, however, originally the work of Dr. Morris (since re-written by Mr. Mayhew), and may, in a sense, be said to be the back-bone of the whole, from its supplying a very large number of the most curious and important early forms.

The material used has been carefully revised by both authors, so that they must be held to be jointly responsible for the final form in which the whole is now offered to the public.

1. A new and thoroughly revised edition of Stratmann’s Dictionary is being prepared by Mr. Henry Bradley, for the Delegates of the Clarendon Press.

Note On The Phonology Of Middle-English.

One great difficulty in finding a Middle-English word in this, or any other, Dictionary is due to the frequent variation of the symbols denoting the vowel-sounds. Throughout the whole of the period to which the work relates the symbols i and y, in particular, are constantly interchanged, whether they stand alone, or form parts of diphthongs. Consequently, words which are spelt with one of these symbols in a given text must frequently be looked for as if spelt with the other; i.e. the pairs of symbols i and y, ai and ay, ei and ey, oi and oy, ui and uy, must be looked upon as likely to be used indifferently, one for the other. For further information, the student should consult the remarks upon Phonology in the Specimens of English (1150 to 1300), 2nd ed., p. xxv. For those who have not time or opportunity to do this, a few brief notes may perhaps suffice.

The following symbols are frequently confused, or are employed as equivalent to each other because they result from the same sound in the Oldest English or in Anglo-French:—

i, y;—ai, ay;—ei, ey;—oi, oy;—ui, uy.

a, o;—a, æ, e, ea;—e, eo, ie;—o, u, ou;—(all originally short).

a, æ, ea, e, ee;—e, ee, eo, ie;—o, oo, oa;—u, ou, ui;—(all long).

These are the most usual interchanges of symbols, and will commonly suffice for practical purposes, in cases where the cross-references fail. If the word be not found after such substitutions have been allowed for, it may be taken for granted that the Dictionary does not contain it. As a fact, the Dictionary only contains a considerable number of such words as are most common, or (for some special reason) deserve notice; and it is at once conceded that it is but a small hand-book, which does not pretend to exhibit in all its fulness the extraordinarily copious vocabulary of our language at an important period of its history. The student wishing for complete information will find (in course of time) that the New English Dictionary which is being brought out by the Clarendon Press will contain all words found in our literature since the year 1100.

Of course variations in the vowel-sounds are also introduced, in the case of strong verbs, by the usual ‘gradation’ due to their method of conjugation. To meet this difficulty in some measure, numerous (but not exhaustive) cross-references have been introduced, as when, e.g. ‘Bar, bare’ is given, with a cross-reference to Beren. Further help in this respect is to be had from the table of 183 strong verbs given at pp. lxix-lxxxi of the Preface to Part I of the Specimens of English (2nd edition); see, in particular, the alphabetical index to the same, at pp. lxxxi, lxxxii. The same Preface further contains some account of the three principal Middle-English dialects (p. xl), and Outlines of the Grammar (p. xlv). It also explains the meaning of the symbols þ, ð (both used for th), ȝ (used for y initially, gh medially, and gh or z finally), with other necessary information.

The Clarendon Press Glossaries.

This work gives all the words and every form contained in the glossaries to eleven publications in the Clarendon Press Series, as below:—

S.—Specimens of Early English, ed. Morris, Part I: from A.D. 1150 to A.D. 1300.

This book contains extracts from:—1. Old English Homilies, ed. Morris, E.E.T.S. 1867-8, pp. 230-241; 2. The Saxon Chronicle, A.D. 1137, 1138, 1140, 1154; 3. Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp. 40-53; 4. The same, Second Series, pp. 89-109; 5. The Ormulum, ed. White, ll. 962-1719, pp. 31-57; 6. Layamon’s Brut, ed. Madden, ll. 13785-14387 [add 13784 to the number of the line in the reference]; 7. Sawles Warde, from Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp. 245-249, 259-267; 8. St. Juliana, ed. Cockayne and Brock; 9. The Ancren Riwle, ed. Morton, pp. 208-216, 416-430; 10. The Wooing of our Lord, from Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp. 277-283; 11. A Good Orison of our Lady, from the same, pp. 191-199; 12. A Bestiary, the Lion, Eagle, and Ant, from An Old Eng. Miscellany, ed. Morris; 13. Old Kentish Sermons, from the same, pp. 26-36; 14. Proverbs of Alfred, from the same, pp. 102-130; 15. Version of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Morris, ll.1907-2536; 16. Owl and Nightingale, from An Old Eng. Miscellany, ed. Morris, ll. 1-94, 139-232, 253-282, 303-352, 391-446, 549-555, 598-623, 659-750, 837-855, 905-920, 1635-1682, 1699-1794; 17. A Moral Ode (two copies), from An Old Eng. Miscellany and Old Eng. Homilies, 2nd Series, ed. Morris; 18. Havelok the Dane, ed. Skeat, ll. 339-748; 19. King Horn (in full).

S2.—Specimens of English, Part II, ed. Morris and Skeat; from A.D. 1298-1393.

This book contains extracts from:—1. Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle (William the Conqueror and St. Dunstan); 2. Metrical Psalter, Psalms 8, 14(15), 17(18), 23(24), 102(103), 103(104); 3. The Proverbs of Hendyng; 4. Specimens of Lyric Poetry, ed. Wright (Alysoun, Plea for Pity, Parable of the Labourers, Spring-time); 5. Robert Mannyng’s Handlynge Synne, ll. 5575-5946; 6. William of Shoreham, De Baptismo; 7. Cursor Mundi, ed. Morris, ll. 11373-11791 [add 11372 to the number in the reference]; 8. Eng. Metrical Homilies, ed. Small (Second Sunday in Advent, Third Sunday after the Octave of Epiphany); 9. The Ayenbite of Inwyt, ed. Morris, pp. 263-9, and p. 262; 10. Hampole’s Prick of Conscience, ll. 432-9, 464-509, 528-555, 662-707, 728-829, 1211-1292, 1412-1473, 1818-29, 1836-51, 1884-1929, 2216-2233, 2300-11, 2334-55, 2364-73, 7813-24; 11. Minot’s Songs, Nos. 3, 4, 7; 12. William of Palerne, ed. Skeat, ll. 3-381; 13. Alliterative Poems, ed. Morris, Poem B, ll. 235-544, 947-972, 1009-1051; 14. Mandeville’s Travels, Prologue, part of Chap. 12, and Chap. 26; 15. Piers the Plowman, A-text, Prologue, Passus 1, part of Pass. 2, Pass. 3, Pass. 5, parts of Pass. 6 and 7; 16. Barbour’s Bruce, ed. Skeat, Book VII. ll. 1-230, 400-487; 17. Wyclif’s translation of St. Mark’s Gospel, Chapters 1-6; Hereford’s version of the Psalms, Ps. 14(15), 23(24), 102(103); 18. Trevisa’s translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, lib. i. c. 41, c. 59, lib. vi. c. 29; 19. Chaucer, Man of Law’s Tale; 20. Gower’s Confessio Amantis, part of Book V.

S3.—Specimens of English, Part III, ed. Skeat; from A.D. 1394-1579.

This book contains extracts from:—1. Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede, ll. 153-267, 339-565, 744-765, 785-823; 2. Hoccleve’s De Regimine Principum, stanzas 281-301, 598-628; 3. Lydgate, London Lickpenny, and the Storie of Thebes, bk. ii. ll. 1064-1419; 4. James I (of Scotland), the King’s Quair, stanzas 152-173; 5. Pecock’s Represser, pt. i. c. 19; pt. ii. c. 11; 6. Blind Harry’s Wallace, bk. i. ll. 181-448; 7. Chevy Chase (earlier version); 8. Malory’s Morte Darthur, bk. xxi. c. 3-7; 9. Caxton’s History of Troy; 10. The Nut-brown Maid; 11. Dunbar, Thistle and Rose, and Poem on being desired to be a Friar; 12. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, c. 33; 13. G. Douglas, Prol. to Æneid, book xii; 14. Skelton, Why Come Ye Nat to Courte, ll. 287-382, 396-756; Philip Sparrow, ll. 998-1260; 15. Lord Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. 50, c. 130; 16. Tyndale, Obedience of a Christian Man; 17. More, Dialogue Concerning Heresies, bk. iii. c. 14-16; Confutation of Tyndale, bk. iii; 18. Sir T. Elyot, The Governor, bk. i. c. 17, 18; 19. Lord Surrey, tr. of Æneid, bk. ii. ll. 253-382, 570-736, and minor poems; 20. Sir T. Wiat, Three Satires, and minor poems; 21. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers; 22. Sir D. Lyndesay, The Monarchy, bk. iii. ll. 4499-4612, 4663-94, 4709-38; bk. iv. ll. 5450-5639; 23. N. Udall, Ralph Roister Doister, Act iii. sc. 3-5; 24. Lord Buckhurst, The Induction; 25. Ascham, The Schoolmaster, bk. i; 26. Gascoigne, The Steel Glas, ll. 418-470, 628-638, 750-893, 1010-1179; 27. Lyly, Euphues and his Ephœbus; 28. Spenser, Shepherd’s Calendar, November, December.

The remaining eight publications in the Clarendon Press Series which have also been indexed are those marked C, C2, C3, W, W2, P, H, and G; i.e. three books containing extracts from Chaucer, two books containing parts of Wyclif’s Bible, part of Piers Plowman, Hampole’s Psalter, and Gamelyn; the full titles of which are given below.

We also give all the important words occurring in CM (Chaucer, ed. Morris); and in addition to this, and for the purpose of illustration, forms are given from various texts and Dictionaries, and from the Glossaries to B (Bruce), PP (Piers Plowman), and WA (Wars of Alexander).

Walter W. Skeat.

FULL LIST OF AUTHORITIES,

WITH EXPLANATIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Note.—The abbreviations referring to the authorities for the forms of English words (A.D. 1150-1580) are printed in italics. (CP = Clarendon Press.)

1. Alph.: Alphita, a Medico-Botanical Glossary, ed. Mowat, 1887. CP.

2. Anglo-Saxon Gospels, in AS. and Northumbrian Versions, ed. Skeat.

3. Apfelstedt: Lothringischer Psalter (des XIV Jahrhunderts), 1881.

4. B: Barbour’s Bruce, ed. Skeat, 1870, EETS. (Extra Series xi).

5. Bardsley: English Surnames, 1875.

6. Bartsch: Chrestomathie de l’ancien français (glossaire), 1880.

6*. BH: Bartsch and Horning, Langue et Littérature françaises, 1887.

7. Bosworth: Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 1838.

8. Brachet: French Dict., 1882. CP.

9. Brugmann: Grundriss, 1886.

10. BT.: Bosworth-Toller AS. Dict. [A-SAR]. CP.

11. C: Chaucer; Prol., Knight’s Tale, Nun’s Priest’s Tale. CP.

12. C2: Chaucer; Prioress, Sir Thopas, Monk, Clerk, Squire. CP.

13. C3: Chaucer; Man of Law, Pardoner, Second Nun, Canon’s Yeoman. CP.

14. Cath.: Catholicon Anglicum (A.D. 1483), ed. Herrtage, 1881. EETS (75).

15. Chron.: Two Saxon Chronicles, ed. Earle, 1865. CP.

16. CM: Chaucer, ed. Morris, 1880.

17. Constans: Chrestomathie de l’ancien français (glossaire), 1884.

18. Cotg.: Cotgrave, French and English Dict., 1611.

19. Curtius: Greek Etymology, ed. Wilkins and England, 1886.

20. CV: Icelandic Dictionary, Cleasby and Vigfusson, 1874. CP.

21. DG: Davies, Supplementary English Glossary, 1881.

22. Diez: Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 1878.

23. Douse: Introduction to the Gothic of Ulfilas, 1886.

24. Ducange: Glossarium, ed. Henschel, 1883-7.

24*. Ducange: Glossaire Français, ed. 1887.

25. EDS: English Dialect Society.

26. EETS: Early English Text Society.

27. Fick: Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen, 1874.

28. Florio: Italian and English Dict., 1611.

29. G: Tale of Gamelyn, ed. Skeat, 1884. CP.

30. Godefroy: Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française [A-LIS].

31. Grein: Glossar der angelsächsischen Poesie, 1861.

32. Grimm: Teutonic Mythology, ed. Stallybrass, 1883.

33. H: Hampole, Psalter, ed. Bramley, 1884. CP.

34. HD: Halliwell, Dict. of Archaic and Provincial Words, 1874.

35. Heliand, ed. Heyne, 1873.

36. JD: Jamieson, Scottish Dictionary, 1867.

37. Kluge: etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 1883.

38. Leo: angelsächsisches Glossar, 1877.

39. Manip.: Manipulus Vocabulorum, Levins, ed. Wheatley, EETS, 1867.

40. MD: Mätzner, altenglisches Wörterbuch [A-H], 1885.

41. Minsheu: Spanish and English Dict., 1623.

42. ND: Nares, Glossary, 1876.

43. NED: New English Dictionary, ed. Murray [A-BOZ]. CP.

44. NQ: Notes and Queries.

45. OET: Oldest English Texts, ed. Sweet, 1885, EETS (83).

45*. ONE: Oliphant, The New English, 1886.

46. Otfrid: Evangelienbuch, glossar, ed. Piper, 1884.

47. P: Piers the Plowman (B-text), ed. Skeat. CP.

48. Palsg.: Palsgrave, Lesclaircissement de langue francoyse, ed. 1852.

49. PP: Piers the Plowman, glossary by Skeat, 1885, EETS (81).

50. PP. Notes: by Skeat, 1877, EETS (67).

51. Prompt.: Promptorium Parvulorum, ed. Way, Camden Soc., 1865.

52. Ps.: (after French forms), see Apfelstedt.

53. RD: Richardson’s English Dictionary, 1867.

54. Roland: Chanson de Roland, ed. Gautier, 1881.

55. S: Specimens of Early English, Part I, ed. Morris, 1885. CP.

56. S2: Specimens of Early English, Part II, ed. Morris and Skeat, 1873. CP.

57. S3: Specimens of English Literature, ed. Skeat, 1879. CP.

58. SB: Sinonoma Bartholomei, 14th Cent. Glossary, ed. Mowat, 1882. CP.

59. Schmid: Gesetze der Angelsachsen (glossar), 1858.

60. SD: Stratmann, Dict. of the Old English Language, 1878.

61. Sh.: Shakespeare Lexicon, by Schmidt, 1875.

62. Sievers: Grammar of Old English, ed. A. S. Cook, 1885.

63. SkD: Skeat, Etymological Dict. of Eng. Lang., 1884. CP.

64. Skeat, English Words in Norman-French, 1882, Phil. Soc.

65. Skeat, Mœso-gothic Glossary, 1868.

66. SPD: Smythe Palmer, Dictionary of Folk-Etymology, 1882.

67. Spenser: Faery Queene, glossaries to Books I and II, 1887. CP.

68. Sweet: AS. Reader, 1884. CP.

69. Tatian: Evangelienbuch, ed. Sievers, 1872.

70. TG: Trench, Select Glossary, 1879.

71. Trevisa: version of Higden, Rolls’ Series (41).

72. Voc.: Wright’s Vocabularies, ed. Wülcker, 1884.

73. VP: Vespasian Psalter, as printed in OET., see 45.

74. Vulg.: the Vulgate Version of the Bible.

75. W: Wycliffe, New Testament (Purvey’s revision), ed. Skeat, 1879. CP.

76. W2: Wycliffe, Job, Psalms, &c. (revised by Hereford and Purvey), ed. Skeat, 1881. CP.

77. WA: Wars of Alexander, ed. Skeat, 1887, EETS (Extra Series xlvii).

78. Weigand: deutsches Wörterbuch, 1878.

79. Windisch: Glossary added to Old Irish Texts, 1882.

80. WW: Wright, The Bible Word-Book, 1884.

81. ZRP: Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, ed. Gröber.

ABBREVIATIONS (Languages),

WITH REFERENCES TO AUTHORITIES.

AF: Anglo-French, see 64.

AS.: Anglo-Saxon, see 10, 31, 45, 62.

Church Lat.: Ecclesiastical Latin, see 24, 74.

Goth.: Gothic, see 23, 65.

Gr.: Greek, see 9, 19, 27.

Icel.: Icelandic, see 20.

It.: Italian, see 28.

Lat.: Latin.

Late Lat.: Post-classical Latin, of Latin origin, see 24, 72, 74.

Low Lat.: Latin derived from the later European languages, see 1, 14, 24, 51, 58.

ME.: Middle English.

North.E.: Northern English, see 4, 36.

OF.: Old French, see 3, 6, 17, 18, 22, 24, 30, 48, 54.

OHG.: Old High German, see 37, 46, 69, 78.

OIr.: Old Irish, see 19, 79.

OMerc.: Old Mercian, see 2 (Rushworth version), 45, 73.

ONorth.: Old Northumbrian, see 2.

OS.: Old Saxon, see 35.

OTeut.: Old Teutonic (as restored by scholars), see 27, 43.

Sp.: Spanish, see 41.

SYMBOLS.

In the etymological part three stops are used as symbols in connexion with the cognate forms cited, namely the comma, the semi-colon, and the colon. The comma is used to connect various spellings of a word, as well as parallel forms cited from nearly connected languages; for instance, s.v. daunger, the OF. forms are so connected. The semi-colon between two forms denotes that the two forms are phonetically equivalent, and that the preceding one is directly derived from, and is historically connected with the one following this symbol; for instance, s.v. bugle, the OF. bugle is the phonetic equivalent of the Lat. buculum, and is immediately derived therefrom. The colon between two forms denotes that the two forms are phonetically equivalent, and that the form following this symbol is an earlier, more primitive form than the one preceding, without an immediate interborrowing between the languages being asserted; for instance, s.v. demen, the Goth. dómjan is an older form than the AS. déman, but déman is not borrowed from the Gothic. The abbreviation ‘cp.’ introduces other cognate forms, and has the same value as the symbol + in Skeat’s Dictionaries.

The asterisk * at the beginning of a word denotes a theoretical form, assumed (upon scientific principles) to have formerly existed. The sign = is to be read ‘a translation of.’ ‘(n)’ after Prompt., Cath. and other authorities refers to foot-notes or other notes citing the form in question.

A CONCISE
DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE-ENGLISH.

A.

A-, prefix (1), adding intensity to the notion of the verb.—AS. á for ar-, OHG. ar-, Goth. us-. For the quantity of the á see Sievers, 121. Cf. Or.

A-, prefix (2), standing for A, prep., and for Icel. á; see On- (1).

A-, prefix (3), standing for Of, prep.; see Of.

A-, prefix (4), standing for AS. and-, against, in return, toward.—AS. and-, ond-, on- (proclitic). Cf. On- (2.)

A-, prefix (5), standing for At, prep., and Icel. at, used with the infin. See At- (1).

A-, prefix (6), standing for AS. ge-; see Ȝe-.

A-, prefix (7), standing for OF. a- and Lat. ad-.

A-, prefix (8), standing for OF. a- and Lat. ab-.

A-, prefix (9), standing for AF. a, OF. e-, es- from Lat. ex-, e-.

A-, prefix (10), standing for AF. an-, OF. en- from Lat. in-. See In-.

A-, prefix (11), standing for Gr. α- privative.

A, interj. O! Ah! expressing surprise, pain, S, MD.

A, prep. on, in, PP, S, S2, C2; see On.

A, prep. of, S2, S3, PP; see Of.

A, adv. ever, S; aa, S; a buten, ever without, S; see O.

A-bac, adv. backwards, S, W2; abec, S; abak, C2, W; obak, S2.—AS. on-bæc. (A- 2.)

Abasshen, v. to abash, S3; abasshed, pp. abashed, ashamed, alarmed, C3, PP; abashed, S2; abasshid, S3; abasched, PP; abaisshed, PP; abaischid, W; abaischt, S2; abaissed, PP; abaist, S3; abayste, S2, C2.—OF. esbahiss- stem of pr. p. of esbahir, to astonish; Lat. ex + *badire for badare, to open the mouth. (A- 9.)

Abate, v. to beat down, bring down, calm down, P, NED.—AF. abatre (pr. p. abatant); Late Lat. *adbatere. (A- 7.)

Abaue, v. to put to confusion, to be confounded, NED, HD, JD; abawed, pp. HD; abaued, HD.—OF. *abavir: esbahir (with v in place of lost h, see Brachet, s.v. glaive). (A- 9). See Abasshen.

Abaye, sb. barking; phr. at þe abaie, at abaye, at bay, S2.—OF. abai, barking, from abaier; cp. F. aboi in phr.: être aux abois.

Abbay, sb. abbey, C2; abbeis, pl., S2.—AF. abbeie (abeie); Church Lat. abbādia, abbātia, from abbātem. See Abbod.

Abbesse, sb. abbess, PP.—OF. abbesse; Church Lat. abbatissa.

Abbod, sb. abbot, MD, S2; abbot, S, PP; abbodes, pl. S2.—Church Lat. abbātem (pronounced abbādem), nom. abbas; Gr. ἀββάς; Syriac, abba, father.

Abbodesse, sb. abbess, PP.

Abbot-rice, sb. abbacy, S.—AS. abbod-ríce, the rule of an abbot.

A-B-C, the alphabet, P; abcy, Cath.; abce, Cath. (n.), PP; abcee, Cotg.; abece, Cath. (n.); apece, Prompt.—Cp. OF. abece, the crosse rowe (Cotg.).

Abeah, Abeh; see Abuȝen.

Abeggen, Abeien; see Abyen.

A-bernen, v. to burn; abernð, pr. s. S.—AS. á-beornan. (A- 1.)

Abhominacioun, sb. abomination, NED, C2.

Abhomynable, adj. abominable, S3, C3.—AF. abhominable; Lat. abominabilem.

A-biden, v. to abide, remain, await, endure, S, S2, W2; habide, S2; abyde, C2; abid, imp., S, S2; abid, pr. s., S; abit, S, S2, C3; abod, pt. s., S; abood, W2; abide, pt. pl., S2; abididen, W2; abide, pp., G.—AS. á-bídan. (A- 1.)

A-biding, sb. expectation, W2.

Abiggen; see Abyen.

Abil, adj. able, CM; able, C; hable, S3, MD.—OF. able, hable (mod. F. habile); Lat. habilem.

Abilite, sb. ability, NED; habilitie, S3.—OF. habilité.

Abilȝeit, pp. apparelled, S3.—OF. habiller.

Abilȝement, sb. clothing, S3.—OF. habillement.

Abit, sb. dress, a monk’s clothing, habit, PP, CM, HD; abite, W.—AF. abit (habit); Lat. habitum (acc.).

A-biten, v. to bite, S.—AS. á-bítan. (A- 1.)

Abject, pp. and adj. cast out, NED.

Abjecte, v. to cast aside, S3.

A-blawen, v. to blow, MD; ableow, pt. s., S.—AS. á-bláwan. (A- 1.)

A-blenden, v. to blind, MD; ablent, pr. s., S; pl., S; ablende, pt. s., MD; ablend, pp. MD.—AS. á-blendan. (A- 1.)

A-bouten, adv. and prep. about, C2, P, MD; abuten, S; abuuten, S; abuton, S; abute, S; aboute, S, G; oboute, MD; obout, S2.—AS. on-bútan (= on-be-útan). (A- 2.)

A-bouen, adv. and prep. above, C2, PP, MD; aboue, PP; abufen, S; abuuen, MD; abowen, MD; abone, S3, JD; oboven, MD; obowen, MD; oboune, MD. Phr.: at here aboue, S2.—AS. on + bufan (= be + ufan). (A- 2.)

Abregge, v. to abridge, shorten, C; abreggide, pp., W; breggid, W.—OF. abreger, abregier: Prov. abrevjar; Lat. abbreviare. (A- 8.)

A-breiden, v. to start up, to draw (sword), to thrust out, to blame, S; abreyden, NED; abraid, pt. s., S; abreyde, C2; abrayde, C; abroden, pp., S; abruden, S.—AS. á + bregdan. (A- 1.)

A-brode, adv. abroad, PP; abrood, C2; abrod, widely apart, PP. (A- 2.)

Abusioun, sb. deceit, S2, C3.—OF. abusion (Cotg.).

Abute, Abuton, Abuten; see A-bouten.

A-buȝen, v. to bow, MD; abuen, MD; abouwen, MD; abowe, NED; abeah, pt. s., MD; abeh, S.—AS. á-bugan. (A- 1.)

A-byen, Abye, v. to buy, to pay for, S3, C2, C3, PP; abygge, PP; abiggen, PP; abuggen, S, PP; abeggen, MD, G; abeien, S; abie, PP; abuiþ, pr. s., S; abugeð, pr. pl., S; abouhte, pt. s., S; aboughte, G; abought, pp. C3.—AS. ábycgan. (A- 1.)

Abyme, sb. abyss, S2, HD.—OF. abime, abisme; Low Lat. *abyssimum, superl. of Lat. abyssus; Gr. ἄβυσσος, bottomless. (A- 11.)

Ac, conj. but, S, S2, P; acc, S; ah, S, S2; ak, S2, PP; hac, S; ach, MD; auh, MD, S; auch, MD; oc, S; occ, S.—AS. ac.

Acc-; see Ac-.

Accident, sb. accident (a term of the schoolmen), C3.—Lat. accidentem.

Accidie, sb. sloth, indolence, S, CM, PP.—AF. accidie (NED); Low Lat. accidia, acedia; Gr. ἀκηδία, heedlessness, torpor. (A- 11.)

Accompt, sb. account, S3; see Acounte.

Accompted, pp. accounted, S3; see Acounte.

Ace, sb. a jot, S3; see As.

A-cennen, v. to bring forth, to beget, MD; acenned, pp. MD; accenned, S; akenned, MD; akennet, S; acende (for acend), S.—AS. á-cennan. (A- 1.)

A-cennende, sb. begetting, birth, S.

A-cenneng, sb. birth, S.

A-chape, v. to escape, NED; achaped, pt. s., S2.—OF. achaper; cf. AF. ascaper. (A- 9.) Cf. Eschapen, Ascapie.

Achate, v. to purchase, NED.—OF. achater (F. acheter, acater; Late Lat., accaptare.

Achate, sb. purchase, provisions purchased, NED, C; achat, HD; acate, NED; acates, pl., HD.—OF. achat, AF. acate. See above.

Achatour, sb. a purchaser of provisions, purveyor, C, NED, HD; acatour, NED.—AF. achatour, acatour; Late Lat. accaptatorem.

Ache, sb. pain, Prompt.; eche, MD; hache, HD.—AS. æce (ece). See Aken.

Ache, sb. wild celery, parsley, NED, Voc.—OF. ache; Lat. apium; Gr. ἄπιον.

Achesoun, sb. occasion, motive, HD, MD, NED.—OF. achoison, ocoison; Lat. occasionem. Cf. Anchesoun, Enchesoun, Chesoun.

Achtande, ord. eighth, S2, NED.—Icel. áttandi; cp. OHG. ahtande. Cf. Eighte (ord.).

A-colien, v. to wax cold; acolede, pt. s., S; acoled, pp., S.—AS. á-cólian. (A- 1.)

Acombren, v. to encumber, PP; acumbrid, pp., S2.—OF. encombrer. (A- 10.)

Acomplesshen, v. to accomplish, NED; accomplice, C; accompliced, pp. NED.—AF. acomplir (acomplice, pr. s. subj.); Late Lat. accomplere; see Brachet. (A- 7.)

Acord, sb. accord, agreement, MD; accord, S2; acorde, S.—AF. acord.

Acordaunce, sb. agreement, PP.

Acorden, v. to reconcile, to agree, MD, S2, P; accordyng, pr. p., S3; accorded, pp., S2; pt. s., S3.—OF. acorder; Late Lat. accordare, from Lat. ad + cord-, stem of cor, heart. (A- 7.)

Acorse; see Acursien.

Acounte, v. to count, to calculate, NED, C2, PP; acompte, NED, PP; accompted, pp., S3.—AF. acounter, OF. acunter, aconter; Late Lat. accomptare; Lat. ad + computare. (A- 7.)

Acounte, sb. account, reckoning, PP; acompte, PP; accompt, S3; accomptes, pl., S3.—AF. acounte, acunte.

Acoupen, v. to accuse, NED, HD; acoupede, pt. s., NED, PP; acopede, NED; acoulped, NED; acouped, pp., S2.—OF. acouper, acolper, for encouper, encolper; Lat. inculpare. (A- 10.)

Acoyen, v. to quiet, coax, tame, NED, Palsg.; acoyed, pt. s., S2.—OF. acoyer, to calm; Lat. ad + quietare. (A- 7.)

Acumbrid; see Acombren.

A-cursien, v. to curse, NED; acursi, S, NED; acorse, PP; acorsed, pp. MD. (A- 1.)

Acustumaunce, sb. customary use, NED, C2.—OF. acostumance. (A- 7.)

Acwenchen; see Aquenchen.

Adamant, sb. adamant, very hard metal, a fabulous rock or mineral, the diamond, the loadstone or magnet, NED; precious stone, Prompt.; ademaunt, C; adamounde, Prompt. (n.); admont, NED; athamant, NED; athamaunte, C; attemant, NED; aymont, NED.—AF. adamant (aimant); Lat. adamantem; Gr. ἀδάμας (-αντα), lit. invincible, untamable, from ἀ- + δαμάω, I tame. (A- 11.)

Adaunten, v. to subdue, NED; adauntede, pt. s., S2.—OF. adanter, adonter; Lat. ad + domitare, to tame. (A- 7.)

A-dawe, out of life, NED, HD.—AS. of dagum, from days. (A- 3.)

A-dawen, v. to rise from sleep, also, to arouse, NED; adawed, pp. S3.—Cp. MHG. er-tagen, to dawn. (A- 1.)

A-day, adv. at morn, by day, S2, P; adai, S. (A- 2.)

Addledd, pp. earned, S; see Adlen.

A-diliȝen, v. to be lost, to perish, S; adiliȝede, pt. s., S; adiligde, S.—AS. á-diligan, to destroy. (A- 1.)

A-diȝten, v. to appoint, order, prepare, compose, clothe, treat, MD, S; adyȝt, pp., MD; adight, G; adyght, MD, HD. (A- 1.)

Adlen, v. to earn, MD; addle, Manip., MED; addledd, pp., S.—Icel. öðla, refl. öðla-sk, to acquire for oneself property, from óðal, property, patrimony, from *aþal, race, see Fick, 7. 14; cp. OHG. uodil, ‘praedium’ (Tatian). See Athel.

Admirald, sb. a Saracen commander, S; see Amirail.

Admod, adj. humble, gentle, S; ædmod, MD; edmod, MD.—AS. éadmód, éaðmód. See Eth.

Admoded, pp. as adj. lowly; see Eadmodien.

Admodie, adj. pl. humble, MD; edmodi, MD.

Admodliche, adv. humbly, gently, MD; ædmodliȝ, S.—AS. éadmódlice.

Admodnesse, sb. humility, gentleness, MD, S; edmodnesse, S; æddmodnesse, S.—AS. éadmódnes.

A-do, sb. fuss, trouble, difficulty, S3, Prompt., WW; = to do, PP, WW; adoe, ND, (A- 5.)

A-doun, adv. down, S, S2, C2, C3, G; adun, S; adune, S.—AS. of dúne, off the hill. (A- 3.)

A-drad, pp. frightened, put in dread, NED, S2, G, C, PP; adred, S; adrede, NED.—AS. of-drad (A- 3). Cf. Of-dreden.

A-drawen, v. to draw out, S2; adroh, pt. s., NED; adrou, NED; adraȝe, pp. NED. (A- 1.)

A-dreden, v. to fear greatly, S, NED; adrade, reflex., S.—OMerc. and-drǽdan (Rushw.); see NED. (A- 4.)

A-drenchen, v. to drown, to be drowned, MD, S, PP; adreynten, pt. pl., PP; adreynt, pp. drenched, PP; adreint, MD; adrent, S, PP; adreynched, PP.—AS. á-drencan. (A- 1.)

Adressen, v. to make straight, to direct, NED, H.—OF. adressier, adrecier Late Lat. addrictiare, from Lat. directum, straight. (A- 7.)

A-drinken, v. to be drowned, MD, S; adronc, pt. s., MD; adronken, pl., MD; adrunken, pp., MD.—AS. á-drincan. (A- 1.)

A-drye, v. to endure, bear, HD; adriȝen, S (19. 1047), MD.—AS. á-dréogan. (A- 1.)

A-dun, adv. down, S; see Adoun.

A-dunien, v. to din; adunest, 2 pr. s., adenyd, pp. MD. (A- 1.)

Adun-ward, adv. downward, NED; adonward, S2.

Adversarie, sb. adversary, C3.—OF. adversarie; Lat. aduersarius.

Advertence, sb. mental attention, C3.—Late Lat. advertentia.

Advocat, sb. advocate, intercessor, C3; vokate, PP; vokyte, causidicus, Voc.; vokettus, pl. PP.—OF. advocat; Lat. aduocatum (acc.).

Æ, sb. law, MD.—AS. ǽw (ǽ), law, divine law, the Mosaic law, marriage; Goth. aiws, an age, eternity; cp. OHG. éwa, the law of God, eternity (Otfrid). Cf. Æ-uez, Eu-bruche, Eche.

Ædmod, adj. humble, gentle, MD; see Admod.

Ædmodliȝ, adv. humbly, S; see Admodliche.

Ædmodnisse, sb. humility, MD; æddmodnesse, S; see Admodnesse.

Æhte, num. eight, MD; see Eighte.

Æhtene, num. eighteen, S; see Eightene.

Æn, num. and indef. art. one, S; ænne, S; see Oon.

Æness, adv. once, S; see Oones.

Æoure, pron. your, S; see Ȝoure.

Ærd, sb. native land, home, S; see Erd.

Ærfeð-telle, adj. difficult to count, S. See Arfeð.

Ærnde, sb. errand, MD; see Erende.

Ærnd-race, sb. messenger, S; Ærnd-raches, pl., S.—AS. ǽrend-raca.

Ærnen, v. to run, S; see Rennen.

Æ-uez, adj. pious, fast in the law, S.—AS. ǽ-fest. See Æ.

Afaiten, v. to affect, to prepare, array, dress, to train, tame, subdue, NED, PP; affaiten, P; fayten, S2, PP; faiten, PP.—OF. afaiter, afeiter; Lat. affectare, freq. of afficere; ad + facere. (A- 7.)

A-fallen, v. to fall, MD; auallen, MD; afeol, pt. s., MD; afallen, pp., MD.—AS. á-feallan. (A- 1.)

A-fallen, v. to fell, NED; afal, imp., S; aual, S.

A-felde, adv. a-field, to the field, PP. (A- 2).

A-fellen, v. to fell, NED; auellen, MD.—AS. á-fellan, á-fyllan. (A- 1.)

A-fer, adv. afar, W, W2; afeer, NED; of feor, S (s.v. feor). (A- 3.) Cf. A-ferre.

Afere, sb., affair, bustle, appearance, demeanour, S2, NED; effere, S2; effeir, S2, S3; effer, S2; afferes, pl., PP.—OF. afere = a + fere; Lat. facere, to do. (A- 7.)

A-feren, v. to frighten, terrify, S, PP; afferen, MD; affeare, 2 pr. s. subj., S; afered, pp. afraid, S, C, P; aferd, S, C, P, W2; afeerd, W; afert, PP; aferde, S3, P, W; afferde, S3.—AS. á-fǽran. (A- 1.)

A-ferre, adv. afar, Prompt.; oferrum, S2; onferrum, S2; onferre, NED; onferr, NED. (A- 2). Cf. Afer.

Aff-; see Af-.

Affamysit, pp. famished, S3, NED. Cp. OF. afamer; Late Lat. affamare.

Affectuosly, adv. passionately, HD, NED.

Affectuouse, adj. hearty, affectionate, NED, H; affectuse, NED.—Lat. affectuosus.

Affray, sb. terror, S3, C2, C3. Cf. Effray.

Affrayen, v. to frighten, C2; affrayed, pp. S2, C, C3, W; see Afrayen.

Afile, v. to file down, NED; affyle, C.—OF. afiler.

Afingret, pp. an-hungered, NED, HD; see Of-hungred.

A-flemen, v. to drive away, MD; aulem, imp. s., S.—AS. á-fléman (á-flýman). (A- 1.)

Afolen, v. to befool; afoled, pp., S; afoild, NED, HD.—OF. afoler (Bartsch); Low Lat. *adfolare, to make foolish. (A- 7.)

A-fon, v. to receive, S; afeoh, imp., S; avoþ, pr. pl., S; auenge, pt. pl., S2.—AS. á-fón, on-fón (for ond-fón), see Sievers, 198, 5. 1. (A- 4.) Cf. Onfon.

Aforce, v. to force, constrain, NED, H; afforce, H; aforsed, pt. pl., H.—OF. aforcer, efforcer, esforcier; Late Lat. exfortiare, from Lat. fortis, strong. (A- 9.)

A-fore, adv. prep., before, PP, WW; affore, PP; afor, PP; affor, PP; aforn, NED.—AS. on-foran. (A- 2.)

A-forthen, v. to further, promote, to achieve, to manage to do, to manage to give, to afford; P, NED, SkD, HD; aforde, NED.—AS. ge + forðian. (A- 6.)

A-fote, adv. on foot, PP; afoote, S3, W; auote, S2. (A- 2.)

Afrayen, v. to disturb from peace and quiet, to frighten, NED; affraye, C2 (E. 455); afreyd, pp. alarmed, afraid, NED; affrayed, W, S2, C, C3; affrayd, S3; affrayt, S3; frayd, S3, fraid, S3.—AF. afrayer, effrayer, OF. esfreer: Prov. esfredar; Low Lat. ex-fridare, from fridum; cp. OS. friðu, peace. (A- 9.) See Affrayen.

A-fright, pp. terrified, C; afriȝt, NED, HD; afryȝte, HD.—AS. á-fyrht, á-fyrhted. (A- 1.)

After, prep. and adv. after, according to, S, HD, S2, C3; efter, S, S2; eftir, S3; eafter, MD; aftir, S2.—Æf-ter is a comp. form, see SkD.

After-clap, sb. an evil consequence or result, HD; after-clappys, pl., MD.

After-del, sb. disadvantage, MD; after-dele, HD.

A-fure, adv. on fire, S2; auere, S2; afiere, W2. (A- 2.)

Afyngred; see Ahungerd.

Afyrst, pp. athirst, PP; afurst, PP; afrust, PP; see Of-þurst.

A-gasten, v. to terrify, MD, PP; agesten, S; agaste, pt. s., C2, C; agast, pp., PP, S2, S3, C2, C3, G; agazed, S3; agaste, pl., S2, W.—AS. á + gǽstan, to frighten. (A- 1.)

A-gen, prep. and adv. towards, back, again, S; see A-ȝein.

Agenes, prep. against, S; see Aȝeines.

Agenst, prep. against, NED; see A-ȝeinst.

Agenst-Christ, sb. Antichrist, S3.

A-gessen, v. to reckon, calculate, S. (A- 1.)

Aghe, sb. awe, H; agh, NED; see Awe.

Aghe-ful, adj. awful, H; aghful, H.

A-gon, v. to obtain, PP.—AS. of-gangan, to require. (A- 3.)

A-gon, pp. and adv. gone away, ago, S2, C3; agoon, C2, C3; agone, S3; agoo, PP; ago, C2.—AS. a-gán, pp. of á-gán, to go forth. (A- 1.)

A-graythen, v. to make ready, to dress, NED; agreþed, pp., S2; agrayþed, NED.—From Icel. greiða: Goth. ga-raidjan. (A- 1.)

A-graythinge, sb. apparel, S2, NED.

Agreable, adj. pleasant, NED; aggreable, favourable, S3.—AF. agreable. (A- 7.)

A-gref, in grief, NED; agrief, C; ogrefe, NED. Phr.: takes not agreve, takes it not unkindly, NED. (A- 2.)

Agreggen, v. to make heavy, to be heavy, to aggravate, HD; agreggid, pp., W2.—OF. agregier: Prov. agreujar; Late Lat. aggreuiare, from *greuis for Lat. grauis. (A- 7.)

Agreþed, pp. made ready, S2; see A-graythen.

Agreuen, v. to bear heavily on, to grieve, oppress, HD; agreued, pp., C2, PP.—OF. agrever; Lat. aggrauare; ad + grauare, from grauis. (A- 7.)

Agrimony, sb. agrimony, Prompt.; agremoine, Voc.; egrimony, Prompt.; egremoin, C3; egremounde, NED; ogremoyne, Voc.—Lat. agrimonia; Gr. ἀγρεμώνη cp. F. aigremoine.

A-grisen, v. to be horrified, to terrify, to loathe, HD, MD, S; agryse, S2, C3.—AS. á-grísan. (A- 1.)

A-grounde, on the ground, S2, PP; on this earth, PP. (A- 2.)

Agte, sb. possession, S; see Auhte.

A-gulten, v. to sin, to offend, MD, PP, S; agilten, MD; agelten, MD; aȝulten, S; agulte, pt. s., PP; agult, pp., S; agilt, HD, PP.—AS. á-gyltan. (A- 1.)

Ah, conj. but, S, S2; see Ac.

Ah, pr. s. owes (as a duty), S; ahen, pr. pl., are obliged, S; see Owen.

A-honge, pp. hanged up, S. (A- 1.)

Aht, adj. worthy, valiant, NED; see Auht.

Aht, sb. aught, anything; ahte, S; ahct, S; see Ought.

Ahte, sb. possession, S2; ahhte, S; see Auhte.

Ahtlice, adv. valiantly, NED; ohtliche, NED. See Auht.

A-hungerd, pp. a-hungered, PP, S3; ahungred, NED; afyngred, PP.—AS. ofhyngred. (A- 3.) See Of-hungred.

Aihte, sb. property, S; ayhte, S; see Auhte.

Air, sb. air, S2; aire, NED; see Eyre.

Airtis, sb. pl. quarters of the sky, S3; see Art.

Aisille, sb. vinegar, S; eisil, MD; eisel, MD; eyselle, MD; esylle, Prompt.; aselle, MD; eysell, Sh.; aysel, H.—OF. aisil (eisil), also, aisi, Ps. 68. 21 (Metz); Late Lat. acitum (cp. OF. azet); Lat. acētum; see Schuchardt, Vokalismus, i. 294.

Aisliche, adv. timorously, S3; see Eisliche.

Ak, conj. but, S2, PP; see Ac.

Ak, sb. oak, Voc.; akis, pl., S3; see Ook.

A-kelen, v. to make cold, to grow cold, S, MD.—AS. á-célan. (A- 1.)

Aken, v. to ake, to throb with pain, C2, S2, Prompt., NED; eken, MD; ȝaik, NED; oc, pt. s., MD; ok, MD; oke, MD, NED; akide, NED; oken, pt. pl., PP.—AS. acan, pt. óc, pp. acen; cp. Icel. aka, to drive, Lat. agere. Cf. Ache.

Akennet, pp. born, S; see A-cennen.

Aketoun, sb. a jacket of quilted cotton worn under the mail, a jacket of leather plated with mail, NED, Voc., C2; acketoun, HD; acton, NED, HD, JD; hakatone, HD; haqueton, NED; haketon, ND; hacqueton, ND.—OF. auqueton; Sp. alcoton; Arab. al-qūtn, the cotton.

A-kneon, on knees, S, NED; aknen, HD; aknewes, HD. (A- 2.)

Al, adj., sb., adv. all, MD, S, S2, C2, C3; all, S, S3; hal, S2; alle, dat., S; ælle, pl., S; alle, S2; halle, S; ealre, gen., S; allre, S; alra, S; alre, S.—AS. eall, all, al.

Al, adv. (with conjunctions); al if, although, NED.

Al, adv. (with subj. mood), although, NED, C, C3; Al be it, even though it be that, C.

Alabastre, sb. alabaster, W (Mt. 26. 7); alabaustre, S3; alablaster, Sh.—OF. alabastre; Lat. alabastrum (nom. -ter); Gr. ἀλάβαστρος, ἀλάβαστος.

A-lang, adv. along, MD; along, MD; olong, MD (A- 4). See Endlang.

Alange, adj. tedious, strange, foreign, Prompt.; alenge, HD; see Elenge.

Alarge, v. to enlarge, to give largely, HD; alargid, pp., W, W2.—OF. alargir. (A- 7.)

A-last, adv. at last, S2, NED. (A- 5.)

Alaun, sb. a large dog used for hunting; alan, NED; alant, NED; alauntz, pl., C; allaundes, NED.—OF. alan (allan in Cotg.); It. alano (Florio); Low Lat. alanus.

Alay, sb. alloy, PP; alayes, pl., C2.—AF. alay.

Alayen, v. to mix metals, to alloy, NED, PP; alayed, pp., PP.—AF. alayer, aleyer (F. aloyer); Lat. alligare, to bind. (A- 7.)

Albe, sb. a vestment worn by priests, and by some kings; NED.—Church Lat. alba, an alb; Lat. alba (vestis), a white garment.

Albificacioun, sb. the process of making white (in alchemy), C3.—Late Lat. albificationem.

Alblastrye, sb. the use of cross-bows, S3. See Arblaste.

Ald, adj. old, S, S2; alder, comp., MD; aldreste, superl., S; see Old.

Al-day, adv. always, continually, C2, PP.

Alde-like, adv. with solemn, venerable mien, S.

Alder, sb. elder, ancestor, also, prince, chief, MD, PP; aldren, pl., S; ælderen, S; elderne, S2; ealdren, MD; ealdrene, gen., S.—AS. ealdor (aldor). See Ald.

Alder, gen. pl. of all, C2, H; see Alre-.

Alder-best, adj. best of all, H; see Alrebest.

Alder-first, adj. first of all, C2; see Alrefyrst.

Alder-mon, sb. a prince, also, the principal officer in the shire, MD, Voc.; elldernemanness, gen., S; aldermen, pl., PP, AS. ealdormann.

Aldire-, gen. pl. of all, H; see Alre-.

Aldire-mast, adj. most of all, H; see Alremest.

Ale, sb. ale, S2, C2; ale-house, S2; an ale-drinking, NED. Comb.: ale-stake, a stake before an alehouse as a sign, C, C3, NED.—AS. ealu, alu; OTeut. stem *alut-. Cf. Nale.

A-leggen, v. to lay down, to lay aside, to put down, confute, S, NED (allay¹).—AS. á-lecgan. (A- 1.)

Alemaunde, sb. almond, NED, W2; almaundes, pl., NED; almoundes, NED.—OF. alemande, alemandre, alemandle (cp. Sp. almendra); Late Lat. amendola (cp. Pg. amendoa); Lat. amygdala; Gr. ἀμυγδάλη.

Alemaunde-tre, sb. almond-tree, W2.

Alembyk, sb. a retort (used in alchemy), C3; alambic, NED; limbeck, ND, Sh.; lymbecke, (Minsheu).—OF. alambic, Sp. alambique (Minsheu); Arab. al-anbíq; Gr. ἄμβῑκ-, stem of ἄμβιξ, a cup.

A-lemen, v. to illumine, S; alimen, S; aleomen, S.—AS. á + léoman. (A- 1.)

A-lesednesse, sb. redemption, MD.

A-lesen, v. to loose, deliver, S; alesde, pt. s., S; alesed, pp., S, HD.—AS. á-lésan, álýsan. (A- 1.)

A-lesendnesse, sb. redemption, MD.

A-lesnesse, sb. redemption, S, MD.—AS. á-lésnis.

Al-gate, adv. every way, always, in any case, NED, S3, C, C2, C3; allegate, S; algates, S2, C2, C3; algatis, W.—Cp. Icel. alla götu, every way.

Algorisme, sb. the Arabic or decimal system of numeration, arithmetic, NED; algrim, MD; augrim, S. Phr.: cipher in algorisme, the figure o, a mere cipher, NED.—OF. algorisme (augorime); Low Lat. algorismus (cp. Span. guarismo, arithmetic, Minsheu); from Arab. al-Khowarazmi, the surname of an Arab mathematician of the 9th cent.

Al-halowen, sb. pl. all saints, NED; alhalowes, NED; halalwes, S2.

Al-halowen day, sb. All Saints’ Day, NED.—AS. ealra halgena dæg.

Aliance, sb. alliance, NED; alliaunce, C2.—AF. aliance.

A-liche, adv. alike, PP, NED.—AS. ge-líce. (A- 6.) See Iliche.

Alie, sb. ally, relative, PP; allye, C2.

Alien, v. to combine, unite, ally, NED; allyed, pp., C2.—OF. alier; Lat. alligare. (A- 7.)

A-liri, adv. across (said of the legs), P; alyry, PP.—AS. on + lira, the fleshy part of the leg (Voc.). (A- 2.)

A-liȝten, v. to alight, get lightly down from a horse, to descend, also, to lighten, MD; alyghte, C2; alyghte, pt. s., PP; alyȝte, PP; alihte, MD; aliȝte, S; alyhte, S2; aliȝt, pp., S2.—AS. á-líhtan. (A- 1.)

A-liȝten, v. to enlighten, illuminate, to light (a fire), NED.—AS. on-líhtan. (A- 2.)

A-liȝtnen, v. to enlighten, NED; alichtyn, S3; alyctnyng, pr. p., S3. (A- 1.)

Al-kaly, sb. alkali, C3.—Arab. al-qalīy, calcined ashes; from qalay, to roast in a pan.

Alkamistre, sb. alchemist, C3, NED. OF. alkemiste.

Al-kamye, sb. medieval chemistry, PP.—OF. alcamie, alquimie; Sp. alquimia; Arab. al-kīmīā; Late Gr. χημία, of doubtful origin, prob. from χυμεία, pouring.

Al-karon, sb. the Koran, S2.—OF. al-coran; Ar. al-qorān, the reading, from qara‘a, to read aloud.

Al-katran, sb. the resin of fir trees, pitch, also, bitumen, NED, S2.—OF. alketran; Sp. alquitran; Ar. al-qatran, from qatara, to drop.

Al-kin, adj. of every kind, MED, PP; alkyn, S2, PP; alkynnes, PP; alle kynez, S2.—AS. alles cynnes, gen.

Al-kynd, adj. of every kind, S3.

All-; see Al-.

Allunge, adv. altogether, S, MD; allynge, MD; allinge, MED.—AS. eallunga, eallunge.

Allure, sb. a place to walk in, a gallery, a walk by the parapets of a castle, a cloister, S3; alure, Prompt., NED.—OF. alure (now allure), walk, going, a gallery, also, aleüre (= Low Lat. *alatura), from aler, to go (F. aller).

Almain, adj. German, NED; Almaines, pl. Germans, NED; Almaygnes, S3.—OF. aleman (F. allemand).

Almain, sb. a kind of dance, NED; almond, NED. Comb.: almain-leap, ND; almond-leape, Cotg. (s.v. saut).

Almaine, sb. Germany, H; Almayne, NED; Alemaine, S; Almeyne, NED; Almen, NED; Alamanie, S.—OF. Alemaigne; Lat. Allemannia, the country of the Allemanni.

Almes-dede, sb. deed of mercy, S2.

Almesse, sb. alms, charity, S, PP, Prompt., S2, C3; ælmes, S; elmesse, MD; almes, S, S2, W; almous, S2; almessis, pl., W.—AS. ælmysse; Church Lat. *alimosina (cp. OF. almosne); eleemosyna (Tertullian); Gr. ἐλεημοσύνη alms, Lu. 12. 33; orig. pity.

Al-mest, adv. almost, S2, C2, W, W2; almeest, W2; almost, PP.

Al-miȝt, adj. all-powerful, MD; almight, NED, G.—AS. ælmiht.

Al-miȝti, adj. almighty, NED; almichti, S; allmahhtiȝ, S; almyȝty, S2; almihti, S.—AS. ælmeahtig.

Al-miȝtin, adj. almighty, NED; almihten, NED; almihtin, S.

Alne-way; see Alweye.

A-lofte, adv. on high, aloft, PP; aloft, PP; on-lofte, S2, C2; o lofte, NED; o loft, NED.—Icel. á lopt (of motion), á lopti (of position); lopt, air, sky, loft; cp. AS. on þá lyft, into the air, (A- 2.)

A-londe, on land, in the land, S2, HD; alond, S2.

Al-one, adj., adv. alone, MED. Phr.: hym allane, S2. See One.

A-longen, v. to seem long to, to long, NED; alonged, pp. filled with longing, G, HD; alonget, S2.—AS. of-langian. (A- 3.)

A-long on, prep. on account of, S2, NED.—AS. ge-lang, along. (A- 6.) See Ilong.

Al-only, adv. merely, S2; alle only, S2.

A-loofe, adv. aloof, more nearly to the wind, NED; alofe, S3; aluffe, HD. Probably from Du. loef, in te loef, to windward. (A- 2.)

A-losen, v. to praise, PP; alosed, pp. notorious, S2, NED, HD. (A- 7.)

Al-out, adv. entirely, NED: all out, H.

A-louten, v. to bow down, S3, NED; alowtid, pt. s., PP.—AS. á-lútan. (A- 1.)

A-low, on the low ground, on earth, ED, PP; alawe, S3; alowe, PP. (A- 2.)

Alowable, adj. praiseworthy, PP.

Alowaunce, sb. praise, PP.

Alowen, v. to praise, commend, to approve of, sanction, to admit (intellectually), S3, PP; allowen, C2, G, PP.—OF. alouer; Late Lat. *allaudare; Lat. ad + laudare. (A- 7.)

Alowen, v. to assign, bestow, to give an allowance to, NED, Palsg.; allow, Sh.—AF. alower, OF. alouer, aloer; Lat. allocare, to place. (A- 7.)

A-loyne, v. to remove far off, NED, HD, AF. aloyner, from loin; Lat. longe. (A- 7.)

Alre, gen. pl. of all, used as an intensifying prefix with a superlative, NED (all, see sect. D. II, p. 227), MD (p. 56); allere, H; aller, G, C; alder, C2, H; alther, G, C, W2; aldire-, H.—AS. ealra.

Alre-best, best of all, S2; alderbest, H; altherbest, NED, HD, C; altherbeste, S, HD.

Alre-fyrst, first of all, NED; altherfirst, NED, HD; alderfirst, C2, C3.

Alre-mest, most of all, S; aldiremast, H; althermoost, HD.

Als, adv. and conj. also, as, S, S2, S3, C2; see Also.

Als-as, conj. just as if, S3.

Al-so, adv. and conj. (1) even so, likewise, also, (2), as, MED, PP, S, S3, C3; allswa, S; alswo, MED; alse, S; alsse, S; als, S, S2, S3, C2; alls, S; ase, S, S2; as, S, S2, S3, C2; es, PP; alsswa, S2; alsua, S2; als-so, S2; alswa, S, S2, MED.—AS. eal-swá.

Al solne day, All Souls’ Day, NED; alle soule day, S2.—AS. ealra sawlena dæg.

Als-tite, adv. as quick, immediately, MED, S2.

Al-suic, adj. all such, S.

Al-swithe, adv. as fast, immediately, MED; alswythe, PP; als-suith, S2; aswithe, S2; asswythe, S2.

Alther-, gen. pl. of all, C, G, W2, PP; see Alre-.

Alther-best, adj. best of all, S, C; see Alrebest.

Alther-feblest, adj. feeblest of all, S2, HD.

Alther-first, adj. first of all, HD; see Alrefyrst.

Alther-moost, adj. most of all, HD; see Alremest.

Al-to, adv. entirely, S, NED (s.v. all, see C, sect. 15), W, W2, H; all-to, H.

Al-togidere, adv. altogether, G; altegædere, S.

Al-wat, conj., adv. all the while, till, S, MD (s.v. al, p. 57); alwet, MD; alhuet, NED (s.v. all what). See What.

Al-weldand, adj. all-wielding, S2; alwealdent, S.—AS. al-wealdend.

Al-weye, adv. all along, at all times, perpetually, at any rate, NED; alne-way, S2; alwey, C2, C3, PP; alwais, S2; alleweyes, NED.—AS. ealne weg.

Alynen, v. to besmear; alyned, pp., S2.—Lat. allinere. (A- 7.)

A-lyue, adv., adj. as pred. alive, C2, S2, PP; onlyue, C2, G; onliue, S.—AS. on life. (A- 2.)

Am, 1 pr. s. am, S, C3; æm, S, MD; ham, S; eam, MD; eom, MD.—ONorth. am, OMerc. eam (VP), AS. eom.

A-mad, pp. as adj. distracted, mad, MD, S; amed, MD; amadde, pl. MD.—AS. ge-mǽd, pp. of ge-mǽdan, to madden; cp. OHG. ga-meit, foolish. (A- 6.)

Amaistrien, v. to master, teach, PP; amaistrye, P, HD.—OF. amaistr(i)er; Lat. ad + magistrare. (A- 7.)

Amalgame, sb. a soft mass, mixture of metal with mercury, NED; malgam NED.—OF. amalgame; Low Lat. amalgama.

Amalgaming, sb. the formation of an amalgam, C3.

Amang; see Amonge.

A-mansien, v. to curse, to excommunicate, MD; amansi, MD; amansy, MD; amonsi, HD; amawns, HD; amansed, pp., S.—Contracted from AS. á-mánsumian, to put out of intimacy, from mánsum, familiar, intimate; pp. á-mánsumod, also ámánsod; see Schmid. (A- 1.)

A-masen, v. to amaze, stupefy, NED; amased, pp., C3. (A- 1.)

Ambassade, sb. the function of ambassador, an ambassador and suite, NED; embassades, pl., S3.—OF. ambassade, ambaxade; OSp. ambaxada, from Low Lat. ambaxia, ambactia, office, employment, from ambactus, vassal, retainer, a Celtic word found in Caesar.

Ambassadrie, sb. ambassadorship, NED; embassadrie, S2, C3.—F. ambassaderie.

Ambassage, sb. embassy, NED; ambassages, pl., S3.

Amblen, v. to move at an easy pace, NED.—OF. ambler; Lat. ambulare, to walk.

Amblere, sb. an ambling horse or mule, C, NED.

Amellen, v. to enamel, MD; ammell, Palsg.; amelled, pp., Palsg.; amelyd, HD; amiled, HD; ameled, NED.—AF. aymeler, OF. esmailler; OHG. smalzjan, to smelt, liquefy; cp. It. smaltare, to enamel (Florio). Cf. En-amelen, Mute.

Amenden, v. to amend, mend, MD, S, S2, C2, W; amended, pp. S2; amendid, W2.—OF. amender; Lat. *ē-mendare, from ex + mendum, fault. (A- 9.)

Amene, adj. pleasant, S3, NED; ameyn, S3.—OF. amene; Lat. amoenum.

Amerant, sb. amaranth, a fadeless flower, S3.—OF. amarante; Lat. amarantum (acc.); Gr. ἀμάραντος (A- 11.)

Amercy, v. to amerce, fine, P, NED.—AF. amercier; from OF. estre a merci came estre amercie, then amercier.

Amete, sb. ant, emmet, NED; amte, W2; emete, Voc.; emote, NED; ematte, Voc.; amtis, pl., W2; amptis, NED.—AS. ǽmete, émete. Cp. OHG. ámeiza; from OHG. á, off + meizan, to cut, as if ‘the cutter or biter off.’

Ametist, sb. amethyst, NED; ametistus, W (Rev. 21. 20); amatyste, HD; amaste, HD; amaffised, MD.—OF. ametiste; Lat. amethystum (acc.); Gr. ἀμέθυστος (A- 11.)

Ameuen, v. to be moved, NED; ameued, pt. s., C2.—OF. esmeuv-, accented stem of esmover; Lat. exmouēre. (A- 9.)

Ameyn; see Amene.

A-midde, adv. and prep. amid, S2, C2, PP; amidden, S; amydde, PP.—AS. on middan, on middum. (A- 2.)

Amirail, sb. a Saracen ruler or commander, an emir, an admiral, MD; amerel, Prompt.; amyralle, MD; amrayl, HD; admirald, S.—OF. amirail, amiral; cp. Arab. amīr-al-bahr, commander of the sea, amīr-al-mūminīm, commander of the faithful.

A-mis, adv. amiss, C2; amys, G; onmys, NED. (A- 2.)

Amome, sb. an odoriferous plant, amomum, NED; amonye, W, HD.—OF. amome (Cotg.); Lat. amomum; Gr. ἄμωμον, a name applied to several spice plants.

Amoneste, v. to admonish, warn, HD.—OF. amonester; Late Lat. *admonitare, from Lat. admonitus, pp. of admonere, see Constans. (A- 7.)

Amonestement, sb. admonishment, S, HD.—OF. amonestement.

Amonestyng, sb. admonishing, CM.

A-monge, prep. and adv. among, in, at intervals, PP; amange, NED; omang, MD; amang, S, S2; among, S, PP. Phr.: eure among, ever among, every now and then, S; ever and among, NED.—AS. on-mang, on-gemang. (A- 2.)

A-monges, prep. among, S2, S3, C2, C3 G, PP.

A-morewe, on the morrow, S2, W; amor we, HD, PP, S2; amoreȝe, S; amorȝe, S (16. 432).—AS. on morgen. (A- 2.)

Amountance, sb. amount, NED; mountouns, S2, HD.

Amounten, v. to ascend, rise, amount, mean, S2, C2, PP; amunten, S.—AF. amunter, from Lat. ad + montem. (A- 7.)

Ampole, sb. a vessel for holding consecrated oil, or for other sacred uses, NED; ampulles, pl., P; ampolles, S2, PP; hanypeles, PP.—OF. ampole; Lat. ampulla.

Ampre, sb. a tumour, flaw, blemish; amper, HD; ampres, pl., S.—AS. ampre, ‘varix’ (Voc.).

Amte; see Amete.

A-murðrin, v. to murder, S; amorthered, pp., MD.—AS. á-myrðrian (Schmid). (A- 1.)

Amyable, adj. friendly, lovely, NED; amyabill, S3; amiable, WW.—OF. amiable; Lat. amicabilem.

An, 1 pr. s. I grant, allow, S; on, pr. s., S. See Unnen.

An, num. and indef. art. one, an, S, S2, PP; see Oon.

An, prep. on, upon, in, PP, S, S2; see On.

An, conj. and, if, PP, S, S2; see And.

Anaunter, for an aunter, a chance, S2; see Auenture.

Anchesoun, sb. occasion, MD; ancheisun, MD; anchaisun, HD.—AF. anchesoun. See Achesoun.

Ancre, sb. an anchorite, recluse, hermit, a monk, a nun, NED, S, S2; auncre, S2; anker, S2; ancres, pl., P.—AS. ancra, m. (*ancre, f.); Church Lat. anachoreta; Gr. ἀναχωρητής.

And, conj. and, also, if, G, S, S2, S3, C2 ant, S, S2; an, S, S2; a, MD.—Phr.: and if, MD.

Ande, sb. breath, H; see Onde.

Anefeld, sb. anvil, W2; anefelt, NED.—AS. onfilti (Voc.).

An-ent, prep. and adv. on a level with, among, opposite, towards, in respect of, NED; anont, MD; onont, S; onond, S; anende, MD; anonde, MD; ononde, MD; anendes, MD; anentes, NED; anentis, W, W2; anemptis, MD; anempst, NED; anence, H; anens, H; ynentes, H.—AS. on efen, on efn, on emn, on even ground with.

Anentesch; see Anientise.

Aner-ly, adv. only, alone, S2, NED, JD.

Anete, sb. the herb dill, Voc., W, NED.—OF. anet; Lat. anethum (Vulg.); Gr. ἄνηθον, dial, form of ἄνισον. See Anise.

A-netheren, v. to lower, humiliate, NED; anethered, pp., HD. (A- 1.) See Aniðerien.

Anew, sb. ring, wreath; anewis, pl., S3; aneus, links of a chain, NED.—OF. aniaus, pl. of anel, ring; Lat. anellus, dim. of ānulus, dim. of annus, a circuit, year.

Anew, enough, S3. (A- 6.) See Ynow.

A-newe, adv. anew, NED. (A- 3.) See Of-newe.

Anfald, adj. single, simple, S, HD; see Oone-fold.

Angel, sb. angel; ongel, S; angles, pl., S; ængles, S; anglene, gen. S.—Lat. angelus. See Engel.

An-gin, sb. beginning, MD; angun, S, NED.

An-ginnen, v. to begin; on gon, pt. s., S.—AS. an-(on-)ginnan.

Angle, sb. a name given to the four astrological ‘houses,’ NED, S2.—OF. angle; Latin angulum (acc.).

Angles, sb. pl. the English, the people of ‘Angul,’ a district of Holstein, S, NED; Englis, S.—AS. Angle, pl.

Angre, sb. affliction, sorrow, wrath, pain, inflammation, NED, S2, PP; angers, S2.—Icel. angr.

Angren, v. to annoy, injure, make angry, NED; angre, PP.—Icel. angra.

Angwisch, sb. anguish, W2; anguyssh, PP; angoise, S, MD; anguise, MD; anguisse, MD.—OF. angoisse, AF. anguisse; Lat. angustia, tightness, from angere, to squeeze.

Anhed, sb. unity, H; see Oonhed.

An-heiȝ, adv. on high, S2, PP; an hei, S2; an hey, S2; an hiȝ, W.

An-heten, v. to heat, to become hot; anhet, pr. s. S; anhéét, pp. S.—AS. onhætan.

An-heȝen, v. to exalt, NED; anheȝed, pp., S2.

An-hitten, v. to hit against, S, MD.

An-hon, v. to hang (tr.), MD; anhoð, pr. pl., S; anhonge, pp., MD.—AS. on-hón.

An-hongen, v. tr. and intr. to hang, S, MD; anhonged, pp., MD; anhanged, C2.

Aniente, v. to bring to nought, NED; anyente, PP.—OF. anienter, from a, to + nient; Late Lat. *necentem = nec + entem. (A- 7.)

Anientise, v. to bring to nought, to destroy, NED; anientice, PP; anentisen, CM; anentesch, PP; anyntische, W2; neentishe, NED; annentissched, pp. CM; anyntischid, W2; enentyscht, H; enentist, H.—OF. anientir (variant of anienter), pr. p. anientissant. (A- 7.)

Anise, sb. anise, also dill, NED; anys, NED; aneyse, Voc.—OF. anis; Lat. anisum; Gr. ἄνισον. Cf. Anete.

A-niðerien, v. to lower, humiliate, MD; aneðered, pp. MD, HD.—AS. á + niðerian. (A- 1.)

Anker, sb. anchor, S.—AS. ancor; Lat. ancora; Gr. ἄγκυρα.

Anlas, sb. a kind of dagger, anlace, MD, C; anelace, HD; anelas, MD, NED.—Cp. Low Lat. anelacius (Ducange), OWelsh anglas.

An-leth, sb. face, countenance, MD, HD, NED; onndlæt, MD; onlete, MD.—Icel. andlit (Swed. anlete): AS. and-wlíta.

Ann-; see An-.

Annamyllit, pp. enamelled, S3; see Enamelen.

Annuel, adj. yearly; sb. a mass said either daily for a year after, or yearly on the anniversary of a person’s death, NED; anuell, S3.—AF. annuel; Late Lat. annualem, for Lat. annālem, from annus, year.

Annueler, sb. a priest who sang an annual, PP, C3, HD.

An-on, adv. at once, instantly, soon, in a short time, S, S2, C3, PP; anan, S, NED; onan, S2; onon, S, S3; anoon, S3, C2, G, W.—AS. on án, into one; on áne, in one (moment).

Anonder; see Anunder.

Anon-ryght, adv. immediately, C3, G; anonrihtes, S; ananriht, S.

An-ouen, adv. above, S, NED; onuuen, NED.—AS. on ufan.

A-nough, adj. (as pred.) enough, CM; anew, S3. (A- 6.) See Ynow.

Anoy, sb. discomfort, vexation, trouble, MD, S2, PP; anoye, W2; anui, MD; enuye, S.—OF. anoi: OSp. enoyo: OIt. inodio, from the Lat. phrase est mihi in odio; see Diez. Cf. Noye.

Anoyen, v. to annoy, PP, W2, S2, C2, C3; anoiede, pt. s., W; noyede, W; anoyed, pp. W; anuyed, PP; anuid, MD; anud, S; anuyȝed, S2; ennuyed, P.—AF. ennuyer. Cf. Noyen.

Answere, sb. answer, MD; ondswere, S; answare, S; onswere, S; andsware, S.—AS. and-swaru.

Answeren, v. to give an answer, S, PP; ondswerien, S; andswarede, pt. s. S; andswerede, S; ontswerede, S; onswerede, S; onswerde, S; answarede, S; answerede, S.—AS. and-swarian.

Ant, conj. and, also, if, S, S2. See And.

Antem, sb. anthem, C2; antefne, MD.—AS. antefne; Church Lat. antífona (cp. Prov. antífena, It. antífona); for older antiphōna; Gr. ἀντίφωνα lit. things sounding in response. Cf. Antiphone.

Anticrist, sb. Antichrist, MD; antecrist, W (1 John 4. 3); ancrist, MD; ancryst, Voc.—Church Lat. antichristus (Vulg.); Gr. ἀντίχριστος.

Antiphone, sb. antiphon, NED; Church Lat. antiphōna; see Antem.

Antiphonere, sb. anthem-book, C2; antyphonere, Voc.; anfenare, Voc.; amfanere, Voc.—Church Lat. antiphonarius.

Anum, adv. at once, S.—AS. ánum, dat. of án, one. [The MS. has anú, put for anū (= anum)]. See Oon.

An-under, prep. under, S; anonder, S.

An-uppe, prep. and adv. upon, MD; onuppe, S.

An-uppon, prep. upon, S, MD; anuppen, S.

Anwalde, sb. dat. power, S; anwolde, S; see On-wald.

A-nyghte, adv. by night, C2; aniȝt, S; onigt, S. (A- 2.)

A-nyghtes, adv. at night, nightly, Sȝ.

Apalled, pp. made pale, NED; appalled, C, C2.—OF. apalir, apallir; Lat. ad + pallire for pallere. (A- 7.)

Aparail, sb. apparel, PP; apparaille, C2, PP.

Aparailen, v. to make ready, to fit up, furnish, to dress, attire, PP; apparayleden, pt. pl. S2; aparailed, pp. S; apparailled, P.—OF. apareiller; Late Lat. *adpariculare, to make equal or fit, from Lat. par, equal. (A- 7.)

Aparaunce, sb. appearance, NED; apparence, C2.—AF. apparence. (A- 7.)

Apart, adv. apart, aside, C2; aparte, separately, PP, NED.—OF. a part. (A- 7.)

Apart, v. to set aside, separate, NED; aparte, S3 (24. 14).

Apartie, adv. in part, partly, PP, NED. (A- 2.)

Apayen, v. to satisfy, please, to requite, HD, PP; apayd, pp. S3, C2, C3; apayed, C2, W; apaied, W, PP.—OF. apaier (apayer): Prov. apagar; Lat. ad + pacare, from pacem, peace. (A- 7.)

Ape, sb. ape, MD, C2, C3, P; fool, HD. Phr.: þe olde ape, i.e. the devil, MD; wyn of ape (= OF. vin de singe), wine which makes the drinker pleasant, wanton, or boyish, Cotg., MD, HD.—AS. apa.

Apece, sb. the alphabet, Prompt.; see A-B-C.

Apenden, v. to belong, S2, PP; appenden, S2, PP.—OF. ap(p)endre; Lat. ad + pendere. (A- 7.)

Aperceyue, v. to perceive, C2, PP; aperseyue, PP.—OF. aperçoiv-, accented stem of aperceveir; Late Lat. appercipēre; Lat. ad + percipere. (A- 7.)

Aperceyuinges, sb. pl. observations, C2.

Aperen, v. to appear, S, PP; apeeren, PP; aper, S2; appiere, P; apperand, pr. p. S3.—AF. aper-, stem of apert, pr. s. of aparoir; Lat. apparere (ad + parere). (A- 7.)

Apert, adj. clever, expert, NED; aspert, S3.—OF. aspert, espert; Lat. expertus. (A- 9.) See Expert.

Apert, adj. open, NED, H, HD; adv. C2. Phr.: in to apert (= Lat. in palam), S2.—OF. apert; Lat. apertus, pp. of aperire, a verb with ā = ab, prefix. (A- 8.)

Aperteliche, adv. openly, S2; apertly, P, H; appertly, P.

Apertenaunt, pr. p. appertaining, C2.—OF. apertenant.

Apertene, v. to appertain, NED, C3.—OF. apertenir; Lat. ad + pertinere. (A- 7.)

Apertinent, pr. p. appertaining, C2.—Late Lat. adpertinentem.

Apesen, v. to appease, NED, S3 (3b. 1352), C2, C3; appease, S3 (19a. 295).—OF. apeser, from a + pes; Lat. pacem, peace. (A- 7.)

Apeyren, v. to harm, diminish, impair, PP, W; apeyre, P, W; appayre, S2, P; apeyred, pp. S2.—OF. ampeirer, empeirer; Lat. in + peiorare, to make worse, from peior, worse. (A- 10.)

Apeyryng, sb. injuring, S2, W; appairing, S3.

A-piken, v. to trim, adorn, MD; apiked, pp., C. See OF. piquer (Cotg.).

Aplien, v. to apply, devote one’s energies to, NED; apply, S3.—OF. aplier; Lat. applicare.

Apointen, v. to come or bring matters to a point, to agree, arrange, to prepare, equip, NED.—OF. apointer, from a point.

Apointment, sb. agreement, NED; poyntemente, S3.—OF. apointement.

Aposen, v. to question, S2, PP, Prompt.; apposen, C3, PP. Cp. Opposen.

Apostel, sb. apostle, S; appostel, NED; appostil, NED; apostle, W; postlis, pl. NED.—AS. apostol; Church Lat. apostolus (Vulg.); Gr. ἀπόστολος, one sent forth, messenger; cp. AF. apostle (OF. apostre).

Apostil-hed, sb. office of apostle, W.

Apotecarie, sb. apothecary, C; potekary, NED.—OF. apotecaire; Late Lat. apothecarium (acc.), from apotheca; Gr. ἀποθήκη, storehouse.

Apoyson, v. to poison, PP; apoysoned, pp., PP.—OF. apoisoner, for empoisoner. (A- 10.)

App-; see Ap-.

Appairen, v. to injure; appayre, S2, P; see Apeyren.

Appairing, sb. injuring, S3.

Appel, sb. apple, PP; eppel, MD; applis, pl. W2.—AS. æppel.

Apple-garnade, sb. pomegranate, S2 (garnade). Cf. Garnet-appille.

Aprentis, sb. apprentice, NED; prentis, S2, PP; aprentys, pl. PP.—OF. aprentis (AF. aprentiz), nom. of aprentif, from aprendre, to learn; Lat. apprehendere = ad + prehendere. (A- 7.)

A-quenchen, v. to quench, PP; acwenchen, S; aqueynte, pt. s. S2; aqueynt, PP.—AS. á-cwencan. (A- 1.)

Aquerne, sb. squirrel, S, NED; acquerne, S.—AS. ácwern (Voc.); cp. Icel. íkorni, G. eichhorn, MDu. éncoren.

Aqueyntaunce, sb. acquaintance, S2, CM, MD.—OF. acointance, AF. aqueyntance. (A- 7.)

Aqueynten, v. to become known, MD; aquointe, pp. acquainted, NED; aquente, NED; aquynt, S2.—OF. acointer (acuinter); Late Lat. adcognitare, from Lat. ad + cognitum, pp. of cognoscere. (A- 7.)

Ar, prep., conj. and adv. before, S, S2, G, H, P; see Er.

Ar, pr. pl. are, S2, PP; see Aren.

Arace, v. to pull up by the roots, C2, CM; arache, NED.—AF. aracer, OF. esrachier; Lat. e(x)radicare. (A- 9.)

Aranye, sb. spider, Prompt.; arain, HD; aranee, HD; eranye, Prompt.; erayne, Prompt.; erayn, H; arane, H; erane, Voc.; yreyne, W2; aran, H; irain, NED; arrans, pl., HD; yreyns, W2.—OF. araigne (iraigne); Lat. aranea.

Arate, v. to correct, blame, rate, PP. Probably a variant of Aretten. Cf. OF. aratter = aretter (Godefroy).

Aray, sb. array, PP; array, S2 (19. 393), C2, C.—OF. arei (arroi).

Arayen, v. to array, NED, PP; arayed, pp. W; arrayed, C2, C3.—AF. arayer; OF. areier, areer: It. arredare (Florio); from Lat. ad + Low Lat. *rēdo (OF. rei), preparation, of Teutonic origin. (A- 7.)

Arblaste, sb. a military engine for throwing missiles, MD, S2; alblast, S2.—OF. arbaleste; Late Lat. arcuballista.

Arblaster, sb. an arblast-man, S2.

Arch, sb. arch, Prompt.; arches, pl. court of Arches, P.—OF. arche (Cotg.).

Arch-, prefix, chief; erche-, Church Lat. archi-; Gr. ἀρχι-, ἀρχ-.

Arch-angel, sb. archangel, S, PP; archangles, pl. S.—Church Lat. archangelus; Gr. ἀρχάγγελος.

Arche-biscop, sb. archbishop, S; erchebissop, S2.—AS. ærce-biscop (S); Lat. archi- + AS. biscop.

Archer, sb. archer, S2; archeer, C2; harchere. Voc.—AF. archer. See Ark.

Archi-deken, sb. archdeacon, PP; erchedekene, S2.

Archi-flamyn, sb. high-priest, S2.—Church Lat. archiflamen, archbishop (Ducange), from Lat. flamen.

Archi-triclin, sb. the ruler of the feast, S; architriclyn, W.—Church Lat. architriclinus (Vulg.); Gr. ἀρχιτρίκλινος.

Arch-wyfe, sb. a wife who rules; arche-wyues, pl. C2, CM.

Are, sb. honour, reverence, also, grace, clemency, MD, NED, S; ore, S, S2, G, HD; happy augury, MD, S.—AS. áre (ár); cp. OHG. éra, honour (Otfrid).

Are, sb. oar, MD; see Ore.

A-recchen, v. to explain, expound, to speak, NED.—AS. á-reccan. (A- 1.)

A-rechen, v. to reach, to strike, to reach in thought, to imagine, to be sufficient, NED, S, S (ii. 47), S2, W, PP.—AS. á-rǽcan. (A- 1.)

A-reden, v. to declare, to interpret, NED, W; areede, W.—AS. á-rédan; cp. G. errathen. (A- 1.)

A-redy, adj. ready, P, HD, NED; ȝe-redi, MD. (A- 6.)

Are-full, adj. compassionate, MD, S.—AS. ár-full.

Are-les, adj. merciless, MD; oreleas, S; oreles, S.—AS. ár-léas.

Aren, v. to show mercy to, S, MD.—AS. árian.

Aren, pr. pl. are, S, PP; arn, MD, C2, PP; are, MD; ar, MD, S2, PP; ere, MD, S2; er, H.—ONorth. aron.

Arende, sb. errand; HD, PP; see Erende.

Arerage, sb. the state of being in arrear, indebtedness, NED, PP; arrerage, C, PP.—OF. arerage, AF. arrerage.

Arere, adv. to the rear, in the rear, PP; Arrere, PP.—AF. arere; Late Lat. ad retro, backward. (A- 7.)

A-reren, v. to raise, build, to arise, to rear, S2, PP; arearen, S; areride, pt. s., W; arerde, S; arerd, S; arerdon, pl., S; arered, pp., S2, W, W2; arerd, S2.—AS. á-rǽran: Goth. ur-raisjan. Causal of Arisen. (A- 1.)

A-rest, at rest, PP. (A- 2.)

Arest, sb. stop, S2; arreest, custody, C. Phr.: spere in arest, in rest, C.—OF. areste, stoppage, AF. arest, act of arresting. (A- 7.)

Aresten, v. int. and tr. to stop, cause to stop, NED, C.—AF. arester; Lat. ad + restare. (A- 7.)

Aretten, v. to reckon, count, accuse, NED, W, W2; aretted, pp. C; arettid, W, W2; rettid, W.—AF. aretter, OF. areter; a + reter: OSp. reptar, to challenge (Minsheu); Lat. reputare, to count; cp. Late Lat. reptare (Ducange). (A- 7.) Cf. Retten.

A-reysen, v. to raise, to arouse, NED; areysed, pt. s., S3; areisid, pp., W. (A- 1.)

Areȝth, sb. cowardice; areȝthe, dat., S. See Arwe.

Arfeð, adj. difficult, MD; arefeð, S; earfeð, MD; arueð, NED; erfeð, MD.—AS. earfeðe; cp. earfeðe, earfoþ, labour, toil: Goth. arbaiths.

Argoile, sb. the tartar deposited from wines, C3, NED; arguyll, NED; argall, Cotg. (s.v. tartre), ND.—AF. argoil.

Arguen, v. to prove, to reason, PP.—OF. arguer; Late Lat. argutare, from Lat. arguere.

Arguere, sb. reasoner, PP.

Argument, sb. proof, clear proof, proof presumptive, NED; argumens, pl., PP.—AF. argument; Lat. argumentum.

Argumenten, v. to argue, C3, S2.

A-risen, v. to arise, MD; aryse, PP; aris, imp. s. S; arys, PP; arist, pr. s., S, S2, C3; aros, pt. s., S, PP; aroos, PP; arisen, pp., MD; arise, S2.—AS. á-rísan. (A- 1.)

A-rist, sb. rising, resurrection, NED; aristes, gen., S; ariste, dat., S.—AS. ǽ-ríst. (A- 1.)

Ariue, v. to arrive, to come to shore, S; aroue, pt. s., NED; ariuede, pl. S2; aryue, pp., S; aryven, NED.—AF. ariver; Late Lat. arribare, arripare, adripare, from Lat. ad + ripa, shore. (A- 7.)

Ariue, sb. landing, arrival, C, NED.

A-rixlien, v. to rule; arixlye, S. (A- 1.)

A-riȝt, adv. in a right way, straightway, S2; aryght, C2; ariȝte, S; origt, S. (A- 2.)

Ark, sb. an ark, chest, MD; arrke, S; arc, S2.—Lat. arca; cp. OF. arche.

Ark, sb. segment of a circle, C2, MD.—OF. arc; Lat. arcum (acc.), a bow.

Arles, sb. an earnest, NED, JD, HD.—Probably a plural in form from an OF. *erle, *arle; Lat. *arrhula, dim. of arrha, for arrhabo; Gr. ἀρραβών; Heb. ‘érábón. Cp. OF. erres, arres: Sp. arras (Minsheu); Lat. arrhas, pl. acc. of arrha. See Ernes.

Arly, adj. and adv. early, S2, H; see Erly.

Arm, sb. arm, MD; earmes, pl., S, MD; armes, interj. arms! an oath, by God’s arms, S3, NED. Phr.: Gog’s arms, S3.—AS. earm: Icel. armr: Goth. arms.

Arm, adj. poor, wretched, MD; ærm, MD; erme, dat. S; arme, pl. S; earme, MD.—AS. earm: Icel. armr: Goth. arms.

Armen, v. to arm, C3, PP; i-armed, pp., S.—AF. armer; Lat. armare.

Armes, sb. pl. weapons, coat-armour, MD, P.—AF. armes.

Arm-heorted, adj. tender-hearted, S.—Cp. AS. earm-heort.

Arm-hertnesse, sb. compassion, S.

Arminge, sb. the act of arming, putting on of armour, C2.

Armipotent, adj. mighty in arms, C.—Lat. armipotentem.

Armony, sb. harmony, S3.—F. harmonie; Lat. harmonia; Gr. ἁρμονία.

Armure, sb. armour, weapons, P, C2, C3, G; armoure, C2; armuris, pl., W, W2.—AF. armure (armoure), armeure; Lat. armatura.

Arn, sb. eagle, HD; aryn, H; see Ern.

Arnde, pt. s. ran, S; see Rennen.

A-rode, on the rood (the cross), NED, S, S2. (A- 2.)

A-rowe, adv. in a row, one after another, S; areawe, S; arewe, NED. (A- 2.)

Arr-; see Ar-.

Arr, sb. scar, wound, NED, JD; ar, HD; see Erre.

Arred, pp. scarred, JD.

Arsenik, sb. arsenic, C3.—OF. arsenic; Lat. arsenicum; Gr. ἀρσενικόν, yellow orpiment, orig. the masculine, male, from ἄρσην, a male.

Arskes, pl. newts, S2; see Ask.

Arsmetike, sb. arithmetic, NED; arsmetrike, C.—OF. arismetique: Prov. arismetica; Lat. arithmetica; Gr. ἀριθμητική (τέχνη), the art of counting.

Arst, adj. and adv. superl. first, G, P; see Erst.

Art, sb. a quarter of the heaven, point of the compass, NED, S3; airt, NED, JD; airth, NED; airtis, pl., S3.—Gael. ard; OIr. aird, top, height, point.

Artou, art thou, S2; artow, S2, C2, C3. See Ert.

Arwe, sb. arrow, NED; arewe, S2; arwes, pl. S2, C2, P; arewis, W2; arowis, W2.—AS. arwe for *arhwe; cp. Goth. arhwazna, arrow, the thing belonging to the bow, from *arhw = Lat. arcus.

Arwe, adj. cowardly, timid, lazy, sluggish, vile, base, Prompt.; areȝ, S; arh, MD; arȝ, NED; erewe, S; arewe, sb. betrayer, enemy, S, MD.—AS. earg (earh); Icel. argr; cp. OHG. arg (Otfrid).

Arwed, pp. made cowardly, PP.

Arȝen, v. to be timid, to frighten, NED.

As, sb. unit, a single bit, a jot, ace, NED, C2; ace, S3; ase, PP. Phr.: ambes as, double aces, C2.—OF. as; Lat. as.

Asailen, v. to leap upon, assail, PP; assaile, PP, S; assaille, C2, PP; asailid, pp., PP; assalȝeit, S2.—AF. assailir, OF. asalir; Late Lat. adsalire. (A- 7.)

A-saken, v. to deny, renounce; asoke, pt. s., S.—AS. of-sacan (Schmid). (A- 3.) Cf. Of-saken.

Asaut, sb. assault, S2; assaut, C, PP.—OF. asaut. (A- 7.)

Ascapie, v. to escape, PP; askapie, PP; ascapen, PP.—OF. escaper (Picard). Cf. Achape.

Ascaunce, conj. as though, C3, NED.

Asche, sb. ash, cinis; aische, W, W2; aske, H; asken, pl., S; axen, S; asshen, C2; asskess, S; asshes, C3; aschis, W2; askes, S2, P; askis, H; askez, S2.—AS. asce (axe): Icel. aska: Goth. azgo.

Ascrien, v. to cry out, NED; escrien, MD.—OF. escrier; Late Lat. ex + quiritare, see Diez.

Ascrive, v. to ascribe, H.—OF. ascriv- stem of pr. p. of ascrire: It. ascrivere; Lat. adscribere. (A- 7.)

Ascry, sb. outcry, S2.

Asegen, v. to besiege, C.—OF. asegier: It. assediare (Florio). (A- 7.)

Aselen, v. to seal up, to set one’s seal to, NED; aseele, W2; asselen, PP, S2.—OF. anseler, enseler; Late Lat. insigillare, from sigillum, seal. (A- 10.) Cf. Ensele.

A-senchen, v. to cause to sink, S; aseynt, pp., MD. (A- 1.)

Asent, sb. assent, S2, PP; assent, C3, PP.—OF. as(s)ent. (A- 7.)

Aseth, sb. satisfaction, PP, HD; aseeth, W; asethe, Cath., HD; assyth, JD; assetz, PP; asseth, NED, HD.—OF. aset, asset; from Late Lat. ad satis. For the final -t in OF. = þ in English, cp. OF. feit with ME. feiþ, faith. Hence our assets. (A- 7.)

A-setnesse, sb. appointed order, S.—AS. á-setnis, institute (Schmid).

A-setten, v. to set up, appoint, NED.—AS. á-settan. (A- 1.)

Asise, sb. decree, edict, judgment, S2; assise, C, G; assises, pl. assizes, PP.—OF. as(s)ise, a sitting down, settlement of imposts, from as(s)is, pp. of as(s)eeir, to sit at, to settle; Lat. assidere. (A- 7.)

Asisour, sb. juror, PP; acisoure, PP; sisour, PP; sysour, PP.

Ask-; see Asc-.

Ask, sb. a newt or eft, a lizard, NED, HD, JD; aske, NED; asker, HD, JD, DG; askis, pl., NED; arskes, S2.—AS. áðexe: OS. egithassa; cp. OHG. egidehsa (G. eidechse).

Aske, sb. ash, H; askes, pl., S2, P; askis, H; see Asche.

Aske-baðie, sb. one who sits among the ashes, S; askebathe, NED.

Aske-fise, sb. one who blows the ashes, Prompt.; askfist, NED. Cp. Sw. askefis and G. aschenfister (Grimm).

Asken, v. to ask, S, S2; eskien, MD; aschen, MD; eschen, MD; esse, MD, S2; ocsien, MD; acsien, MD, S2; axien, MD, S2; axen, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, W, W2; escade, pt. s., S; easkede, S; haxede, S; esste, S2.—AS. áscian: OHG. eiscón (Otfrid); cp. G. heischen.

A-slaken, v. to diminish, to become slack, C, NED. (A- 1.)

A-slawe, pp. slain, S2; aslaȝe, S; aslaȝen S.—AS. á-slagen, pp. of á-sléan, see Sievers, 378. (A- 1.)

A-slepe, adv. asleep, S, PP.—AS. on slǽpe. (A- 2.)

A-slepid, pp. gone to sleep, W2.

A-sonder, adv. asunder, C, C3.—AS. on sundran. (A- 2.)

A-soylen, v. to absolve, to answer (a question), PP, S2; assoile, S3, C3, P, G; asoyly, NED; asoilede, pt. s., S2; asoylede, S2; assoylid, pp., W.—OF. asoiler, assoiler; Late Lat. absoluere (= Lat. absolovere). (A- 8.)

Aspaltoun, sb. asphalt, S2.—OF. *aspaltoun; from Late Lat. asphalton; Gr. ἄσφαλτον.

Aspect, sb. a term in astrology; the relative positions of the heavenly bodies as they appear at a given time, NED, SkD, Sh.; aspectis, pl., S3.—Lat. aspectus. (A- 7.)

Aspert, adj. expert, clever, S3; see Apert.

Aspie, sb. spy, W, W2; aspye, C3; aspy, S3.—OF. espie.

Aspien, v. to look after, to watch, S2, S3, W, W2.—OF. espier. See Espye.

Aspiere, sb. spy, W.

A-spillen, v. to destroy, kill, S. (A- 1.)

Aspiyng, sb. ambush, W.

Aspre, adj. rough, cruel, fierce, NED.—OF. aspre; Lat. asprum, rough, harsh.

Asprely, adv. roughly, fiercely, S3; asperliche, NED.

A-squint, adv. obliquely, out at the corner of the eyes, S.

Ass-; see As-.

Assay, sb. trial, experiment, an attempt, attack, tested quality, NED, S2, S3, C2, C3; asaie, W.—AF. assai (asai): It. assaggio; Lat. exagium, a weighing, from ex-agere (exigere), to weigh, prove, to drive out the tongue of the balance.

Assayen, v. to examine, to attack, S2, S3, C2, P; asaien, W2; asayen, S3; assaied, pp., W.—AF. assayer (asayer): It. assaggiare.

Assemble, sb. assembly, P.—OF. asemblee.

Assemblen, v. to bring together, to come together, NED; assembled, pp., C3.—OF. asembler; Lat. assimulare.

Assiduel, adj. continual, H; asseduel, H.—OF. assiduel.

Assiduelly, adv. continually, H.

Assoilen, v. to loosen, absolve, explain, PP, S3, C3; see Asoylen.

Assoillyng, sb. absolution, acquittal, C.

Astate, sb. state, estate, S3; see Estat.

A-sterten, v. to start up, to happen, to escape, NED, S2, S3, C3, C; astart, S3; asterted, pt. s., S2, C3. (A- 1.)

A-stiȝen, v. to proceed, ascend, descend, MD; astighð, pr. s., S; astah, pt. s., S.—AS. á-stígan. (A- 1.)

Astonen, v. to stupefy, amaze, NED; astony, NED, C2; astonyed, pp., W, PP; astoynde, S3.—OF. estoner; Late Lat. *extonare, to stupefy as with a thunderbolt. (A- 9.)

Astore, v. to repair, to provide, store, NED; astorede, pt. s., S2; astored, pp., C; astorid, W2.—AF. estōrer, OF. estaurer; Lat. instaurare. (A- 10.) Cf. Enstore.

A-strangeled, pp. suffocated, S2, (A- 6.) See Strangelyn.

Astronomye, sb. astronomy, PP.—OF. astronomie; Lat. astronomia; Gr. ἀστρονομία.

Astronomyen, sb. astronomer, astrologer, PP; astromyenes, pl. (= Lat. magi), W; astrymyanes, PP.—OF. astronomien.

Asure, sb. azure, NED, C2, C.—OF. asur, azur; Low Lat. lazur (lazulus); Pers. lajward.

Aswagen, v. to assuage, C2, PP.—AF. as(s)uager: Prov. assuaviar; from Lat. suauis. (A- 7.)

A-swelten, v. to die, S, NED. (A- 1.)

Aswithe, adv. as quickly as possible, S2, PP; asswythe, S2; see Alswithe.

A-swowne, pp. as adv. aswoon, C2; assowe, HD.—AS. ge-swógen, see NED (s.v. aswoon) and SkD (s.v. swoon). (A- 6.)

A-syde, adv. aside, C2. (A- 2.)

At-, prefix (1), at; et-; a-.—AS. æt-.

At-, prefix (2), from, away; et-.—AS. æt- for oð- proclitic form of *úð-, away: Goth. unþa-; cp. Du. ont-, OHG. int- (G. ent-).

At, pron. rel. and conj. that, S2, S3, H, NED; see Þat.

At, prep. at, in, with, from, of, amongst, PP, S, S2, C2; et, S; æt, S; ed, S; at, used with the infin. mood, S2, NED (vi), H. Comb.:—atte, at the, PP, S, S2, C2; ate, S, S2; ette, S; eter, S; atten, S2, PP; at-after, after, C2; att-alle, in every way, S2; at-foren, before, MD; et-foren, S; at-uore, S2; at-om, at home, S2, PP; at-on, at one, in accord, NED, S; at oon, G (s.v. oon), C2; at-ones, at once, together, PP, C2, C3; attonis, S3; attonys, S3; attones, S3.

Atache, v. to arrest, indict, S2, PP; attache, PP; atteche, S3, NED; atachet, pp., S2, PP.—AF. attacher; cp. It. attaccare. (A- 7.)

A-take, v. to overtake, catch, C3, HD, NED. Phr.: wel atake, well caught, NED. (A 1.)

Atamen, v. to cut into, broach, open (a vessel), NED, PP, HD; attamen, HD, Prompt., C2.—OF. atamer: Prov. (en)-tamenar; Lat. attaminare. (A- 7.)

Atazir, sb. influence (astrological term), S2, S3. Cp. Sp. atazir; Arab. at-tâthîr, ’al + tâthîr, influence, see Steingass, Arab. Dict., p. 157, and Dozy’s Glossary, s.v. atacir.

At-beren, v. to bear away, NED; atbar, pt. s., HD.—AS. æt-beran. (At- 2.)

At-breken, v. to break away, escape, NED. (At- 2.)

At-bresten, v. to burst away, escape, NED.—AS. (æt-bærstan. (At- 2.)

Ate, sb. eating, S. See Eten.

Atel, adj. terrible; atell, NED.—AS. atol; cp. Icel. atall.

Atelich, adj. horrible, S; eatelich, S.—AS. atelic.

Ateliche, adv. horribly, S.—AS. atelice.

Atempre, pp. as adj. temperate, H; attempre, C, HD.—OF. atempré; Lat. attemperatus. (A- 7.)

Atemprely, adv. temperately, H, HD.

A-tenden, v. to set on fire, kindle, MD; atend, pr. s., S. (A- 2.) Cf. Ontenden.

At-ewen, v. to show, to appear; atewede, pt. s., NED; atywede, S; atawed, pp., MD.—AS. æt-éawan (æt-ýwan): Goth. at-augjan, from augo, the eye; cp. OHG. ougen, to show (Otfrid). Cf. Awnen. (At- 1.)

Ateynt, pp. convicted, affected with sorrow, PP; atteynt, S3; attaynt, S3.—OF. ateint, pp. of ateindre, to attain; Lat. attingere. (A- 7.)

At-fallen, v. to fall away, NED.—AS. æt-feallan. (At- 2.)

At-fleon, v. to flee away, NED; atfliþ, pr. s., S.—AS. æt-fléon. (At- 2.)

At-fore, prep. before, NED; atuore, S2; etforen, S; afore, NED.—AS. æt-foran. (At- 1.) Cf. Afore.

At-gangen, v. to go away, MD; atgo, MD, NED. (At- 2.)

Ath, sb. oath, S; see Oth.

Athamaunte, sb. adamant, C; see Adamant.

Athamant; see Adamant.

Athel, adj. and sb. of good birth, noble, a lord, NED, S, S2; hathel, NED, S2; hathill, NED; hatell, NED.—AS. æðele, eðele: OS. eðili: OTeut. *aþalis, of good family, from *aþal, race, family; cp. OHG. adal (Otfrid).

Aþeling, sb. a member of a noble family, a noble, a prince of the blood royal, NED; eþelyng, S.

A-þestrien, v. to darken, S.—AS. á-þéostrian. (A- 1.)

A-þet, conj. until that, S. See Oth.

At-holden, v. to withhold, retain, S; athælde, S; ethalden, S; athalde, S; etholden, S; ethalt, pr. s., S; atheold, pt. s., S; atholde, pp., S.—AS. óð-healdan. (At- 2.)

Atiffen, v. to adorn, deck the person, S.—OF. atiffer, cp. atifer (Cotg.) (A- 7.)

Atisen, v. to stir up, urge, entice, NED attyse, HD; attice, NED.—OF. atiser, to kindle (Bartsch); Late Lat. attitiare, from ad + titium (for titio) a brand (Voc.), see Ducange, s.v. atticinari. For the change of ti into soft s as well as into ç see Brachet, s.v. agencer. (A- 7.)

Atlien, v. to think, suppose, intend, to direct one’s way, to go, MD; attle, MD; attele, S2; etlien, MD; etteleden, pt. pl., S2.—Icel. ætla (etla); related to OHG. ahtón, to consider.

Atlinge, sb. purpose, conjecture, MD; etlunge, S.

At-reden, v. to outdo in counsel, C, NED. (At- 2.)

At-rennen, v. to run away, to surpass in running, C, MD; att-rann, pt. s., S; at-ornde, NED. (At- 2.)

At-rinen, v. to touch, to befall, NED; att-ryne, MD.—AS. æt-hrínan. (At- 1.)

At-routen, v. to rush away, escape, S2; at-ruten, NED. From AS. hrútan. (At- 2.)

At-scheoten, v. to shoot away, MD; atschet, pt. s., S; atschote, pp. NED. (At- 2.)

At-stonden, v. to withstand, S; edstonden, S, NED. (At- 2.)

At-stonden, v. to remain, to stop, NED, S2; etstonden, NED; atstonde, pp., S.—AS. æt-standan. (At- 1.)

Att-; see At-.

Attame, v. to broach, to cut into, HD, C2; see Atamen.

Atteir, sb. attire, S3; see Atyre.

Atter, sb. poison, venom, esp. of reptiles, NED, S; hatter, NED.—AS. attor, for *átor, átr, (Voc.); cp. OHG. eitar, eittar (Otfrid).

Atter-coppe, sb. spider, NED, S; attercop, HD.—AS. attor-coppa.

Atter-lich, adj. venomous, bitter; atterluche, NED.

Atter-liche, adv. bitterly, NED.

Atter-lothe, sb. an antidote to poison, applied spec. to various plants, NED, Voc., HD.—AS. attor-láðe.

Attern, adj. venomous, cruel, HD, NED; hatterne, NED.—AS. ættern, ættren. See Atter.

Attice, v. to stir up, NED; see Atisen.

Attour, sb. array, dress, head-dress, HD; atour, NED; aturn, S.—OF. atour, aturn, from aturner, atorner; Lat. ad + tornare, to round off.

Attri, adj. venomous, S, HD; attriȝ, NED; wattri, S2.—AS. ættrig. See Atter.

A-tweyne, in twain, PP. (A- 2.)

At-witen, v. to reproach, twit, S.—AS. æt-wítan. (At- 1.)

At-witen, v. to depart, NED; atwot, pt. s., MD. (At- 2.)

A-two, in two, S2, C2, C3, PP; ato, S2. (A- 2.)

A-twynne, in two, apart, W, G, PP; atwinne, C3; atwynny, W; otwinne, S; otwyn, H. (A- 2.)

Atyre, sb. equipment, dress, head-dress, PP, Cath.; atir, S2; atteir, S3; atyr, HD.

Atyren, v. to attire, NED; atyred, pp., PP; atired, PP; tyred, S2.—OF. atirer. (A- 7.)

Auchtene, num. eighteen, S3; see Eightene.

Aucte, sb. property, S; see Auhte.

Auctoritee, sb. authority, C2, C3; autorite, S3; auctorite, C.—AF. autorite, auctorite; Lat. auctoritatem.

Auctour, sb. author, C, C2, HD; auctor, S3; autour, S3, NED.—AF. autour; Lat. auctorem, from augere, to make to grow, to originate.

Augrim, sb. arithmetic, S; see Algorisme.

Auh, conj. but, S; see Ac.

Auht, adj. worthy, valiant, doughty, NED (s.v. aught); aȝt, S2, MD; oht, S; aht, NED; æht, MD.—AS. áwiht (áht). Cf. Ought.

Auhte, sb. possessions, NED; auht, S2; ahte, S2; eahte, MD; ahhte, S; agte, S, S (15. 2090); eihte, MD, S; echte, S; ehte, S; eyhte, S; aihte, S; ayhte, S; aucte, S; aght, S2.—AS. ǽht: Goth. aihts. See Owen.

Auhte, pt. s. ought, S; aucte, owned, S; see Owen.

Aul, sb. an awl; aule, NED; owel, S; aules, pl., S.—AS. awel (Voc.); cp. OHG. ala (G. ahle).

Aulf, sb. elf, SkD; auph, SkD; awf, HD; ouphe, Sh.; oaf, SkD.—Icel. álfr. Cf. Elf.

Aumener, sb. an alms-purse, a purse, NED, HD.—OF. aumoniere; Low Lat. *almosinaria (bursa).

Aumoner, sb. almoner, alms-giver, NED; aumonere, S2, NED; aumenere, HD; amner, HD.—OF. aumoner; Church Lat. *almosinarius, from *alimosina. See Almesse.

Aun-; see An-.

Auncel, sb. a kind of balance and weight, NED, S2, PP; auncer, PP; auncere, P, HD.—AF. auncelle for *launcelle; Late Lat. lancella (cp. It. lancella), ‘a kind of measure,’ (Florio); dim. of Lat. lanx (lancem), a plate, a scale of a balance.

Auncessour, sb. ancestor, NED; ancessour, NED, HD.—AF. ancessur; Lat. antecessorem.

Aunceter, sb. predecessor, ancestor, NED, S2, CM; ancestre, NED; auncestre, NED; aunsetters, pl., NED, HD; aunceteres, HD.—AF. auncestre, ancestre; Lat. ante-cessor.

Auncien, adj. old, whilom, ex-; sb. an old man, an elder (title of dignity), a senior member of an Inn of Court, NED; auncient, S3 (25. 136), HD.—AF. auncien, OF. ancien; Late Lat. antianum (cp. It. anziano), for ante-anum, from Lat. ante, before.

Auncre, sb. anchoress, nun, S2; see Ancre.

Aunder, sb. afternoon, HD; see Undern.

Aunders-meat, sb. afternoon’s collation, Cotg. (s.v. reciné), HD. Cp. Goth. undaurni-mats.

Aungel, sb. angel, messenger, W; aunge, HD; aungeles, pl., S2, C3; aungels, W2 (Ps. 90. 11).—AF. angele. Cf. Angel, Engel.

Auntour, sb. chance, adventure, S2; aunter, S3. Comb.: anaunter, for an aunter, in case, S2; see Auenture.

Auntren, v. to adventure, S3, G, PP.—OF. aventurer.

Auntrous, adj. adventurous, C2, PP.

Auote, adv. on foot, S2; see A-fote.

Auter, sb. altar, S, S2, C, C2, C3, P, W, W2; awter, S3, HD.—OF. auter, alter; Lat. altare.

Autorite, sb. authority, C; see Auctoritee.

Autour, sb. author, S3; see Auctour.

Corrected by author from “Autour; see Auctor.”

Au- (Av-); see Af-.

Auailen, v. to avail, PP; auailȝe, B; auaille, C2, PP, S2; auayle, PP, Prompt.; awayled, pt. s., S2.—Cp. OF. vail(l)e, from valoir; Lat. ualere.

Aual, imp. s. fell, cause to fall, S; see A-fallen.

Aualen, v. to descend, to lower, MD, S2, S3, B; availl, B; availed, pp., S3.—OF. avaler, from phr. à val; Lat. ad uallem, to the valley. (A- 7.)

Auarous; see Auerous.

Auaunce, v. to advance, NED, S3, C, C3, P; awance, S3; avaunset, pp., S2; auanced, S2.—OF. avancer.

Auauncement, sb. advancement, G; auancement, S2.

Auaunt, adv., and interj. forward, away, NED.—AF. avaunt, OF. avant; Late Lat. ab-ante.

Avaunt, sb. boast, vaunt, C, NED. See Auaunten.

Auauntage, sb. superiority, advantage, NED, S3, C; auantage, S2, C3.—AF. avantage, from avant, before.

Avaunten, v. to speak proudly of, to commend, to boast, NED, W2.—OF. avanter; Lat. ad + Late Lat. vanitare, to boast. (A- 7.)

Avauntour, sb. boaster, C; auaunter, NED.—OF. avanteur. (A- 7.)

Auentaille, sb. the moveable front of a helmet, C2, HD.—AF. aventaille, OF. esventail; Late Lat. *exventaculum, airhole. (A- 9.)

Auente, v. to get air by opening the aventaille, HD, NED.

Auenture, sb. chance, a chance occurrence, jeopardy, S, S3, C, C3, G, PP; auentur, S2; auntour, S2; aunter, S3, PP; antur, MD; eventour, HD. Comb.: an auenture, lest perchance, PP; on auenture, in case, PP; anaunter, for an aunter, S2; in auenture, PP.—AF. aventure; Lat. aduentura, a thing about to happen. (A- 7.)

Auer, sb. property, a beast of burden, HD.—AF. aver (pl. avers); OF. aveir (avoir); Lat. habere, to have.

Auere; see Afure.

Auerous, adj. greedy, H, HD, CM; auerouse, W, W2, PP; auarous, S2, PP, NED.—OF. averus. See Auer.

Auerylle, sb. April, NED; aueril, S2; auerel, PP.—OF. avril; Lat. aprilis, from aperire. See Apert.

A-ulem, imp. s. drive away, S; see Aflemen.

Auoide, v. to empty, to make of no effect, to make void, to remove, to move away, retire, to avoid, NED, W; auoyde, W; auoyd, WW, Sh.; auoided, pp., W, W2.—AF. avolder; OF., esvuidier; es, out + vuidier, to empty. (A- 9.)

Avouter, sb. adulterer, W2; avowtere, Prompt.—OF. avoutre, aöutre; Lat. adulterum. For intercalated v see Brachet (s.v. corvée).

Avoutrer, sb. adulterer, HD; auoutreris, pl., W; avowtreris, W2.

Avoutresse, sb. adulteress, W.—OF. avoutresse.

Avoutrie, sb. adultery, PP, CM, W, HD; avoutry, Cath.; avowtrie, NED, W; avowtery, NED; auowtries, pl., W.—OF. avoutrie, aöuterie, aülterie; Lat. adulterium.

Auowe, sb. vow, S3, PP, Prompt.; auow, S2, C, C3, G; auou, PP; auowis, pl., W, W2.

Avowen, v. to bind with a vow, NED, W (Acts. 23. 14), P.—OF. avoer; Late Lat. advotare, from Lat. uotum; from uouere. (A- 7.)

Avowen, v. to call upon or own as defender, patron, or client, to avow, acknowledge, NED, S3, C3, PP.—AF. avower, OF. avouer, avoer; Lat. ad-vocare. (A- 7.)

Avowry, sb. patronage, a patron saint, NED; vorie, NED.—AF. avouerie, from OF. avoeor; Lat. aduocatorem.

Avoy, interj. exclamation of surprise, fear, remonstrance, NED, C, HD.—OF. avoi.

Auys, sb. opinion, advice, C3; avise, PP.—OF. avis.

Auyse, v. to observe, consider, give advice, S2, C2, C3, H, PP; auisen, PP, S2.—AF. aviser; Late Lat. advisare. (A- 7.)

Auysely, adv. advisedly, H; auisili, W.

Auysement, sb. consideration, C2; auisement, S2.

Auysyon, sb. vision, S3; auision, C, S2.—OF. avision (Bartsch).

Aw-; see Au-.

A-wakenen, v. intrans. to awake, S; awakenin, S; awakened, pp., S.—AS. on-wæcnan. (A- 2.)

A-wakien, v. intrans. to awake, S; awalk (for awakk?), imp., S3; awoik, pt. s., S3; awoilk (for awoikk?), S3.—AS. awacian (for on-wacian). (A- 2.)

Awarien; see Awerien.

A-way, adv. on way, onward, along, away (from a place), NED; awai, PP; awezz, S; awei, S; ewei, S2; owai, S2; aweye, C3, PP; away, interj. away, S2, NED.—AS. aweg, on weg. (A- 2.)

Awayte, v. to await, watch, S2, S3, PP; awaite, PP; awaitie, NED.—AF. awaitier; OF. aguaitier. (A- 7.)

Awayte, sb. a lying in wait, watching, NED, C.—AF. await; OF. aguait.

Away-ward, adv., adj. turned away, wayward, NED, PP awaywarde passing away, H.

Awe, sb. awe, C, C2; aȝe, NED.—Icel. agi (OTeut. *agon). Cf. Eȝe.

A-wecchen, v. to arouse out of sleep, NED, HD; aweihte, pt. s., NED; aweightte, HD; aweht, pp., NED.—AS. á-weccan; cp. OHG. ar-wekkan (Tatian): Goth. uswakjan. (A- 1.)

A-weden, v. to become mad, S2, NED.—AS. á-wédan. (A- 1.)

A-wei, interj. ah woe! alas! S.

A-welden, v. to control, S, NED.—AS. gewealdan. (A- 6.)

A-wenden, v. to go away, NED.—AS. á-wendan. (A- 1.)

A-wenden, v. to change to, NED; awente, pt. s., S.—AS. on-wendan. (A- 2.)

A-werien, v. to curse, S; awariede, pt. s., S.—AS. á-wergian. (A- 1.)

A-weȝen, v. to weigh out, NED; awiðhst, 2 pr. s., S.—AS. á-wegan. (A- 1.)

A-winnen, v. to win, NED; awynne, S.—AS. á-winnan. (A- 1.)

Awke, adj. turned the wrong way, sinister, perverse, NED, Prompt.—Icel. afugr.

Awke-ward, adv. in the wrong direction, NED; awkwart, S3.

Awnen, v. to show, NED; awwnenn, S.—Related to OHG. ougen, to show (Otfrid); from ougá, eye. See At-ewen.

A-wondrien, v. to be astonished, NED; awondered, pp., S2.—AS. of-wundrian. (A- 3.)

A-wreken, v. to take vengeance, to avenge, NED, S2, P; awreke, pp., S, G, PP; awroke, P.—AS. á-wrecan. (A- 1.)

Axen, sb. ashes, S. Comb.: axe-waddle, an indolent stay-at-home, HD; see Asche.

Axen, v. to ask, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, W, W2; axien, S2; see Asken.

Axer, sb. asker, W. Phr.: maistirful axer (= Lat. exactor), W; axere, W2.

Axinge, sb. Asking, C3; axyngis, pl., W, W2.

Ay, adv. ever, S, S2, S3, C2, H; ai, S, S2; aȝȝ, S.—Icel. ei. Cf. O.

Ay, sb. egg, G, HD; ayren, pl., MD; see Ey.

Ayel, sb. grandfather, forefather, C; ayeles, pl., PP.—OF. aïel, aïol: Pr. aviol; Late Lat. aviolus, dimin. of Lat. auus; see Brachet.

Ayen, prep., adv. against, back, S; see Aȝein.

Ayen-wende, v. to return, S.

Aynd, sb. breath, B; see Onde.

Aynding, sb. smelling, B; see Onding.

Ayr, sb. oar, B; see Ore.

Ay-where, adv. everywhere, S2, NED; aywhere, H; aywhore, S2; aiware, S; aihware, S; aihwer, SD.—AS. ǽ-g-hwǽr. Cf. O-wher.

A-ȝefen, v. to give, give up, give back, MD, S; aȝeuen, MD; aȝiuen, MD; aȝeoue, S; aȝaf, pt. s., S; a-iauen, pl., S.—AS. á-gifan. A- 1.)

A-ȝein, prep., adv., conj., opposite to, towards, against, in return for, again, PP, S, S2, G; aȝeyn, PP, S2; aȝen, PP, S, S2, G, W, W2; agayn, S2, S3, C2, PP; agen, S; ayen, S; ageyn, S, S3, C2, PP; aȝain, S; ayeyn, S, C2; aȝean, S; aȝon, MD; agon, S; aȝien, S; aȝeo, S; aȝe, S2; aye, S2; igain, S2; oȝein, MD; ogain, MD.—AS. ongéan, ongeagn, see Sievers, 214, 3. (A- 2.)

A-ȝeines, prep. and conj. against, contrary to, in return for, PP, S; aȝeynes, PP; aȝenes, S, S2; agenes, S; agænes, S; aȝens, S2, W, W2, PP; aȝeins, PP; aȝeyns, PP; ayeins, C2; ageyns, S3, C2; agayns, C2, C3, PP; igaines, S2; oȝeines, S; oganis, S2; ogaines, S2; ogaynes, S2; onnȝæness, S. (A- 2.)

A-ȝeinst, prep. and conj. against, MD; aȝeynst, PP.

Aȝen, v. to have, to be obliged, to owe, S; see Owen.

Aȝen, adj. own, S; see Owen.

Aȝen, prep., adv. against, back, S; see Aȝein.

Aȝen-bien, v. to buy back, NED, W2; aȝeenbieth, pr. s., S2; aȝenboght, pt. s. S2; aȝenbouȝt, W, W2.

Aȝen-biere, sb. redeemer, NED, W, W2.

Aȝen-biyng, sb. redemption, NED, W.

Aȝen-clepe, v. to recall, W, W2.

Aȝen-fiȝtinge, pr. p. fighting against, W.

Aȝen-risyng, sb. resurrection, NED.

Aȝen-seyen, v. to say nay, to contradrict, NED; aȝenseie, W, W2.

Aȝen-stonden, v. to withstand, NED, W; aȝenstood, pt. s., W2.

Aȝen-ward, adv. backward, in reply, over again, NED, W, S3; aȝeinward, S2; agaynward, S2, C3.

A-ȝer, in the year, S2. (A- 2.)

Aȝte, num. eight, S2; aȝt, S2; see Eighte.

Aȝt-sum, adj. eight in all, S2.

B.

Ba, adj. and conj. both, S.—AS. bá, both.

Baar, pt. s. bare, carried, C, W; see Beren.

Babelen, v. to babble, P.

Babelyng, sb. babbling, S3.

Baber-lipped, adj. having thick lips, P, Prompt.

Babishe, adj. babyish, S3.

Bacheler, sb. a bachelor, an unmarried man, C, C2; a novice in the church, or arms, young knight, P.—OF. bacheler.

Bachelerie, sb. state of bachelor, CM, MD; bachelrye, company of young men, C2.—OF. bachelerie.

Bacin, sb. basin, cymbal, a light helmet, MD; bacyn, helmet, MD.—OF. bacin.

Bacinet, sb. helmet, MD; bacenett, Prompt.; basnetes, pl., S3.—OF. bacinet.

Bacoun, sb. bacon, C, PP; bacon, PP.—OF. bacon.

Bad, pt. s. prayed, S; see Bidden.

Bad, pt. s. bade, C2; see Beoden.

Badde, adj. bad, PP; badder, comp. worse, C2.

Baddeliche, adv. badly, PP, HD.

Bade, pt. s. remained, S3; see Biden.

Bagage, sb. dregs, refuse, S3; baggage, ND.

Baid, pt. pl. remained, S3; see Biden.

Baie, in phr.: to baie, at bay, S2; see Bay.

Baili, sb. stewardship, villicatio, W; baillye, power of a bailiff, G.—OF. bailie, power.

Baili, sb. steward, villicus, W; baillif, bailiff, C; bailliues, pl., bailiffs, P; bayllyues, P.—OF. baillif.

Baill, sb. sorrow, S3; see Bale.

Bair, adj. bare, S3; see Bare.

Bairnis, sb. pl. bairns, S3; see Barn.

Baiten, v. to feed, C2, S3; bayte, S2, C3.—Icel. beita.

Bak, sb. back, PP, C; cloth for the back, cloak, coarse mantle, C3; bac, S.—AS. bæc.

Bak-biten, v. to backbite, slander, P.

Bak-bitere, sb. backbiter, S.

Bak-bitynge, sb. backbiting, P.

Baken, v. to bake, MD; boke, pt. s., MD; book, MD; baken, pp., P; bakenn, S; bake, C, C2, P; y-baken, P; y-bake, P.—AS. bacan.

Bakere, sb. baker, MD; bakers, pl., PP.

Bakestere, sb. baker, P; baxter, NED, P.—AS. bæcestre, woman-baker (also used of men).

Bald; see Bold.

Balde, pt. s. encouraged, S; see Bolden.

Bale, sb. sorrow, misfortune, death, S, C3; destruction, S2; baill, S3; bales, pl., evils, torments, H; balys, S3.—AS. bealu.

Bale-drinch, sb. a deadly drink, S.

Bale-ful, adj. baleful, evil, MD.—AS. bealoful.

Bale-fully, adv. miserably; balfully, S2, MD.

Balene, sb. whale, S2, Voc.—Lat. balaena.

Bali, adj. grievous, S, NED.—AS. bealu, baleful: Goth. balws (in compounds).

Balies, sb. pl. bellies, S2, PP; see Bely.

Balke, sb. balk, beam, ridge, MD; balks, pl. ridges, divisions of land, S3; balkes, P.—AS. balca.

Balled, adj. bald, C, PP; ballede, S2, PP.

Baly; see Bely.

Ban, sb. bone, S, S2; banes, pl., S2; see Bon.

Band, pt. s. bound, S; see Binden.

Bane, sb. destruction, death, bane, poison, PP, C; bone, PP.—AS. bana, bona.

Banere, sb. banner, S, PP, Prompt.; baner, S2, C, PP.—OF. baniere.

Banere, sb. banner-bearer, NED.—OF. banere; Low Lat. bannator; from bannum, bandum, standard.

Baneur, sb. banner-bearer, S2; see Banyour.

Bank, sb. a bank, tumulus, PP; bonk, S2; bonkis, pl., S3; bonkez, S2.

Bannen, v. to ban, curse, summon, S2, S3, P; to forbid, prohibit severely, P; bonnen, MD; i-banned, pp., S.

Bannyng, sb. cursing, H.

Ban-wort, sb. bone-wort, S3, MD; see Bon.

Banyour, sb. banner-bearer, MD, S2; banyowre, Prompt.; banyer, MD; baneur, S2, NED; baneoure, PP.—AF. baneour, OF. baneor; Low Lat. *bannatorem.

Baptym, sb. baptism, S2, W; baptimys, pl. W.—OF. baptisme.

Bar, pt. s. bare, S, S2, C2; see Beren.

Barayn, adj. barren, S3; see Bareyne.

Barbarik, sb. barbarian, W.

Barbarus, sb. barbarian, W.

Barberyns, sb. pl. heathen men, W.

Barbour, sb. barber, C, NED; barboure, Prompt.—AF. barbour, OF. barbeor; Late Lat. barbatorem.

Barbre, adj. barbarous, S2, C3.

Bare, sb. bier, S; see Beere.

Bare, sb. a wave, billow, NED, S2 (8b. 38); beres, pl., NED; bieres, MD; beares, MD.—Icel. bára.

Bare, sb. boar, S2; see Boor.

Bare, adj. bare, simple, single, sheer, S, C; bair, bare, worn alone, S3. Comb.: baruot, barefoot, S.

Bare, sb. the open country, S; naked skin, W.

Barel, sb. barrel, C2.—OF. baril.

Baren, v. to make bare, uncover, S, MD; y-bared, pp., S3.—AS. barian.

Baret, sb. deceit, strife, NED; barrat, confusion, S3.—OF. barat, fraud; cp. Icel. barátta, a contest.

Bareyne, adj. barren, C, C2, PP; bareyn, W2; barayn, S3.—OF. baraigne.

Bareȝ, sb. a barrow-pig, S; see Barowe.

Bargane, sb. business, strife, combat, S2; bargayn, bargain, PP; bargeynes, pl., PP.—OF. bargaine.

Barly, sb. barley, MD, PP; barlic, S.

Barm, sb. bosom, S3, C2; berm, S.—AS. bearm.

Barmkyn, sb. rampart, S3; barnekin, the outermost wall of a castle, HD; barnekynch, MD.

Barmkyn-wall, sb. rampart-wall, S3.

Barn, sb. bairn, child, S, S2, H, PP; bern, S; barne, S3, P; bearnes, pl., S; bairnis, S3.—AS. bearn.

Barnage, sb. childhood, S2, MD.

Barnen, v. to burn, S, S2; see Bernen, Brennen.

Barnhede, sb. childhood, H, PP.

Barn-site, sb. sorrow felt for a child, S2, NED.—Icel. barn-sút.

Barn-team, sb. offspring, a family of children, MD; barntem, S2.—AS. bearn-téam.

Baronage, sb. the men, vassals of a feudal chief, S; assembly of barons, S2, C3; barnage, MD.—OF. barnage, Low Lat. baronagium.

Baroun, sb. baron, lord, PP; baronys, pl. PP.—OF. baron, acc. of bers, a man, a male.

Barowe, sb. barrow-pig, MD; bareȝ, S, NED.—AS. bearh.

Barrat, sb. confusion, S3; see Baret.

Barre, sb. bar of a door, C; bar of justice, G, PP; barres, pl., ornament of a girdle, C, PP.—OF. barre.

Barste, pt. s., burst, S2, PP; see Bresten.

Baselarde, sb. dagger, MD, PP, Prompt.; Baslard, PP.—AF. baselarde. OF. basalart (cp. Low Lat. bassilardus). Probably from Late Lat. badile, a billhook; see NED.

Basnetes, sb. pl., helmets, S3; see Bacinet.

Bataille, sb. battle, S, PP; bataile, PP; batayle, S2, C, PP; batayls, pl. battalions, S3.—OF. bataille.

Bataillen, v. to embattle, fortify, MD; batailed, pt. s., PP; bataylld, pp. embattled, C.—OF. bataillier.

Baten, v. to bate, abate, grow less, S2, MD; see Abaten.

Bateren, v. to batter, beat, pat, PP.—OF. bat-, stem of batre, with freq. suffix -er.

Baþe, adj. and conj. both, S, S2; see Bothe.

Baþiere, sb. water-pot, S.

Batte, sb. club, staff, bat, Prompt., Voc.; battis, pl., W.—OF. batte.

Battill, adj. rich for pasture, S3, JD; battle, HD.

Baudekyn, sb. a gold-embroidered stuff named from Bagdad, MD; bawdekyn, Prompt.; baudkin, S3.—OF. baudequin; Low Lat. baldakinus, from It. Baldacco, Bagdad.

Bauderye, sb. unchastity, foul conversation, MD; pandering, CM; bawdry, S3.

Bauderyk, sb. baldric, MD; bawderyke, Prompt.; bawdryk, C, Voc.

Baudry, sb. baldric, NED.—OF. baudrei, baldrei.

Baudy, adj. dirty, C3, P, Palsg.

Bauld; see Bold.

Baundoun, sb. discretion, freewill, power, S2; baundon, CM.—OF. bandon; Low Lat. *bandonem, from bandum for bannum, public proclamation.

Bausand, adj. marked with white, NED.—OF. bausant; cp. Prov. bausan, It. balzano.

Bauson, sb. badger, MD; bawsone, Prompt.; bawsyn, Voc.; bausenez, pl. S2; baucynes, MD. See above.

Bawd, pt. s. bade, commanded, S3; see Beoden.

Bawe-lyne, sb. bowline, HD, S2; see Bowe-lyne.

Baxtere, sb. female baker, PP; see Bakestere.

Bay, sb. noise made by the united songs of birds, S3; barking of dogs, MD, HD. Phr.: to baie, at bay, S2.—Cp. OF. abaier, to bark.

Bayard, sb. a bay horse, a horse, P, CM; baiardes, pl., P. Phr.: blynde bayardes, i.e. foolish people, lit. blind horses, HD, S3, MD, ND.—Cp. Low Lat. baiardus.

Bayn, adj. ready, willing, obedient, fair, pleasant, easy, good, NED; bayne, Manip.; beyn, Prompt., S3.—Icel. beinn.

Bayne, sb. bath, S3.—OF. bain.

Bayske, adj. bitter, H, MD; bask, MD, HD, JD; beȝȝsc, MD.—Icel. beiskr.

Be-, prefix. See in many cases Bi- words.

Beade; see Bidden.

Bearnen; see Bernen.

Bearyng in hand, sb. cajolery, S3; see Beren.

Be-bedden, v. to supply with a bed, S.

Beche, sb. valley, S; bæch, MD; bache, NED.

Be-chece, v. to choke, stifle, S, NED.

Bedde, sb. bed, PP.—AS. bedd.

Bedde-strawe, sb. bed, couch, stratum, Voc.; bedstre, W2.

Bede, sb. prayer, S, H, PP; beode, S; beyde, S3; bedes, pl. S2, S3, P; beads, C; beades, S3.—AS. (ge)bed.

Bedel, sb. messenger, herald, crier, beadle, H, P; bedeles, pl. S, H; bedelles, P.—OF. bedel; cp. AS. bydel. Cf. Budele.

Bede-man, sb. beadsman, one who prays for another, P; beodemon, S2, NED; beodeman, PP.

Beden, v. to command, to offer, S, S2, S3, C2; beode, S2; bedden, S; bidden, S; beot, pr. s. S; byt, C; bet, S; bead, pt. s., bed, S, S2; bawd, S3; bad, C2, S2; boden, pl. S; beden, S3; bode, S2; bede, pp. S2; bode, bodun, invited, W; bodyn, S2; bidde, C3.—AS. béodan.

Note that many of the above forms are confused with those of the verb Bidden.

Bede-sang, sb. the singing of the prayers, S, NED.

Bedred, adj. lying in bed, bedridden, CM, PP; bedreden, S2, P; bedrede, PP.—AS. bedreda and bedrida (Voc.).

Be-drenchen, v. to drench completely; be-dreynt, pt. pl., S3; pp. MD.

Bed-roll, sb. catalogue, ND. See Beyde-roule.

Bee, sb. bee, Voc.; been, pl. S3, C2, W2; beys, S3 (13. 244); bees, C2.—AS. béo.

Bee-; see Be-.

Beek, sb. beak, C2; bec, S; beekis, pl. PP.—OF. bec.

Beem, sb. beam, C, PP; beom, S; bem, MD.—AS. béam, tree, plank.

Beere, sb. bier, W, CM, MD; beer, C; bare, S, MD; beare, S3; bere, HD, MD; byears, pl. S3.—AS. bǽr; cp. OF. biere.

Beest, sb. beast, C, PP; best, PP, C, S, S2; bestes, pl. S, S2; beestes, S2.—OF. beste; Lat. bestia.

Beestli, adj. animal, W.

Beeten, v. to beat, W2, CM; beten, S, C; bet, pr. s. P; bet, imp. s. S2; beot, pt. s. P; beet, PP; bet, S3, PP; bette, P; beten, pl. S; beeten, W2; beten, pp. C2, G; bete, C2; betun, W2; y-beten, C2; y-bete, C; y-bette, P; i-beaten, S; ibete, C.—AS. béatan, pt. béot, pp. béaten.

Bege, sb. collar, S; see Beiȝ.

Beggen, v. to beg, PP, C2, Prompt., W (John 9. 8).

Beggere, sb. beggar, C, PP, W (John 9. 8).

Beggestere, sb. beggar, C, NED.

Be-grime, v. to smear, daub all over, S3.

Beild; see Belde.

Beiȝ, sb. a ring, collar, P; byȝe, PP; bege, collar, S; bie, W2; beies, pl. circlets of metal, S; biȝes, P; behes, PP.—AS. béah: Icel. baugr.

Bek, sb. brook, H, Voc., Prompt., MD; beckis, pl. H.—Icel. bekkr.

Bekken, v. to nod, C3; beken, Prompt.; beks, pr. s. S3.

Beknen, v. to beckon, show, S; bikenen, W2.—OMerc. bécnian (VP).

Bel, adj. beautiful, PP.—OF. bel.

Belamp; see Bilimpen.

Belde, sb. protection, shelter, MD, HD; beld, S2; beild, S3, JD.—AS. byldo, boldness, from beald. See Bold.

Belde, adj. big, blustering, S; see Bold.

Belden, v. to build, S3; see Bilden.

Beldinge, sb. building, S3.

Belle, sb. bell, S, C2, PP.—AS. belle.

Bellyche, adv. beautifully, S3, MD. See Bel.

Belphegor, sb. Baal Peor, H (p. 376).—Lat. Belphegor (Vulg.).

Belt, pp. built, S3; see Bilden.

Bely, sb. belly, bellows, MD, P; baly, S3; below, follis, Voc.; balies, pl. S2, PP.—AS. bælg.

Bely-ioye, sb. belly-joy, appetite, PP.

Belȝen, v. to swell, to be angry, MD; bollȝhenn, pp. MD; i-bolȝe, S.—AS. belgan, pt. bealh, (pl. bulgon), pp. bolgen.

Bemare, sb. trumpeter, S.—AS. bémere.

Beme, sb. trumpet, MD, Voc.; bemen, pl. S; beemes, C; beamous, S3.—OMerc. béme (VP).

Bemen, v. to sound a trumpet, S, NED.

Bemyng, sb. humming of bees, S3, JD.

Ben, v. to be, PP, S, S2; been, C; bien, bienn, S; buen, S2; beo, S, S2; bi, S, S2; bue, by, S2; beonne, bienne, ger. S; beoþ, pr. s. S; beþ, buð, byð, bið, S; beis, S3; bes, S2; beoþ, pl. S; bieþ, S; buð, S, S2; beth, S2, S3, C2; ben, W; bes, S2; bi, pr. s. subj. S; bie, S (s.v. Ibie); beo, pl. S; beth, imp. pl. C2, S2, S3; byeþ, S2; ben, pp. S; been, C; bue, S2; be, S3, C; y-be, S2; iben, S; ibeon, S; ibeo, S, S2; ibe, S, S2; ibi, S.—AS. béon.

Benam; see Binimen.

Benche, sb. bench, Prompt., PP.—AS. benc.

Benched, pp. furnished with benches, SD; y-benched, S3.

Bend, sb. bond, MD; bendes, pl. S, G; bende, dat. S, S2, G.—AS. bend: Goth. bandi.

Benden, v. to bend, Prompt., MD; bende, pt. s. MD; bent, MD; bend, pl. S2; y-bent, pp. S3; ye-bent, S3.—AS. bendan, to fasten a band or string to a bow.

Bene, sb. a prayer, S, S2, NED; benes, pl. S2.—AS. bén: OTeut. bóni-z, see Sievers, 268.

Bene, adj. pleasant, S, NED.

Benefet, sb. benefit, PP, MD; bynfet, PP; benfait, P; bienfetes, pl. P.—OF. bienfet; Lat. benefactum.

Bent, sb. coarse grass, small rushes, Manip., Voc., MD, HD.—Cp. OHG. binuz (G. binse).

Bent, sb. a moor, an open grassy place, NED, S, S3, C. See above.

Benumde; see Binimen.

Beo, Beoþ; see Ben.

Beo-, prefix; see Bi- words.

Beode, v. to pray, S; see Bidden.

Beodele; see Budele.

Berd, sb. beard, S, S2, C; berde, P, G; berdes, pl. S3.—AS. beard.

Bere, sb. beer, Prompt.; ber, S, MD.—AS. béor.

Bere, sb. noise, S, S2, MD, HD; ber, S2.—AS. (ge)bǽre; see I-bere.

Bere, sb. bear, C, MD, PP; beres, pl. C2; beores, PP.—AS. bera: OHG. bero.

Bere, sb. bier, HD, MD. See Beere.

Bere, sb. barley, MD; beir, S3; beris, gen., S3.—AS. bere.

Bere-lepe, sb. basket, H; berlepe, H; barlep, basket for keeping barley in, HD. See Lepe.

Beren, v. to bear; bere, S, W; berþ, pr. s., S2; beoreð, pl., S; bar, pt. s., S, S2, C2; bare, S2; ber, S2, C3; baar, W; bure, S3; beore, pl., S; boren, pp. born, S2; borun, W2; iboren, S; iborn, S; ibore, S, S2; y-boren, C2; y-born, C2; y-bore, S2, C2, Phr. bereth on hand, persuades, makes (him) believe, assures, S3; berth hir on hond, beareth false witness against her, C3.—AS. beran.

Beren, v. to cry, make a noise, MD, HD; bere, to low as a cow, PP; see Bere.

Bergh, sb. hill, PP; berghe, PP; beruh, PP; berwe, PP; berghe, dat., P.—AS. beorg; cp. OIr. bri (Windisch).

Beriall, adj. blueish-green, beryl-coloured, S3. See Beril.

Berie, sb. berry, C; bery, Prompt.; beries, pl. grapes, S, PP.—AS. berige.

Berien, v. to pierce, strike, MD; bery, to thresh, Cath.—Icel. berja, to strike; cp. Lat. ferire.

Beril, sb. beryl, MD; berel, MD.—OF. beril; Lat. beryllus; Gr. βήρυλλος.

Beringe, sb. birth, behaviour, bearing, C2, S; berynge, PP; see Beren.

Berken, v. to bark, S2, PP; berkyd, pt. s., S2.—AS. beorcan.

Berkere, sb. watch-dog, PP.

Berkyng, sb. barking, C.

Berme, sb. harm, Prompt., S; berm, C3.—AS. beorma.

Bern, sb. a man, PP, HD; berne, PP; burn, S2; burne, S2; beorn, MD; burnes, pl., S2; biernes, P.—AS. beorn.

Bern, sb. barn, C2, MD; beren, S (12. 263), MD; berne, S; dat., C3, W; bernes, pl., W, W2, P.—AS. bern: ONorth. ber-ern, i.e. barley-house.

Bern; see Barn.

Bernacle, sb. a snaffle for a horse, W2; barnacle, Voc., NED.

Bernake, sb. an instrument set on the nose of unruly horses, Voc.; bernak, Prompt.—OF. bernac.

Bernake, sb. barnacle, a fabulous kind of goose, S2, MD, NED.—OF. bernaque; cp. Low Lat. bernaca.

Bernen, v. to burn, MD, S, S2; barnen, MD, S; bearnen, S; beornen, S; birnen, S; barnde, pt. s., S2; barnd, pp., S2.—AS. beornan. Cf. Brennen.

Bersten, v. to burst, S, C; see Bresten.

Berstles, sb. pl. bristles, C; see Brystylle.

Berwe; see Bergh.

Berynes; see Burinisse.

Berȝen, v. to help, deliver, preserve, NED; berwen, S; berrȝhenn, S; beregeð, pr. s., S; iborhen, pp., S; iboreȝe, S; iboruwen, S.—AS. beorgan.

Besaunt, sb. a gold coin named from Byzantium, W, MD; besauntes, pl., S3; besauntis, W.—OF. besant.

Besene, Besie; see Bisen.

Be-slombred, pp. dirtied, bedaubed, S3; beslombered, NED.

Besme, sb. besom, rod, Prompt.; besmes, pl., S; besyms, W; besmen, dat., S.—AS. besma.

Best, adj. and adv. superl. best, PP; beast, S; bezste, S.

Beste, sb. advantage, S.

Be-steriinge, sb. bestirring, emotion, S2.

Be-swapen, pp. convicted, S.—AS. be-swápen, pp. of be-swápan, to persuade.

Bet, adv. comp. better, S, C, C2, S2, G; bette, P. Phr., go bet, go as fast as you can, C3; betere, adj. and adv. S, S2; betre, S, S2; bettre, S.

Betaken, v. to betoken, S2; see Bi-toknen.

Beten, v. to amend, S, S2, P, S3; beete, to kindle, C; beyt, S3; bet, pr. s., S; betten, pt. pl., kindled, C3; bet, pp., S, S2; ibet, S.—AS. bétan, pt. bétte, pp. béted. See Bote.

Beten, v. to beat, S, C, PP; see Beeten.

Be-thenchinge, sb. thinking upon, meditation, S2. See Bi-þenken.

Beuer, sb. beaver, S, Voc.; beuveyr, S.—AS. befer (beofer); cp. OHG. bibar.

Beyde-roule, sb. bead-roll, prayer-roll, catalogue of persons for whom prayers are to be said, S3; beadroll, bedroll, ND. See Bede.

Beye, v. to buy, CM, C3; see Biggen.

Beye, adj. both, S2; beien, S; beyne, S.—AS. begen.

Beyer, adj. gen. of both, PP; beire, PP, MD; beyre, MD.—AS. begra.

Beyn, adj. pliant, flexible, pleasant, S3, Prompt.; see Bayn.

Bi-, prefix, also be-, by-, beo-, b-.

Bi-bled, pp. covered with blood, C; bybled, MD; bebledd, S2, S3.

Bi-burien, v. to bury, MD; be-byrieden, pt. pl. S; bebyried, pp., S; bebered, S2.—AS. bi-byrgan.

Bi-cacchen, v. to catch, ensnare, MD; bi-cauhte, pt. s., MD; bi-keihte, S; bi-cought, pp., MD.

Bi-callen, v. to accuse, summon, MD, S; becallen, MD, HD.

Bi-cause, conj. because, MD; by-cause, C.

Bicche, sb. bitch, PP; bycche, PP.

Bicched, pp. a word of doubtful meaning, applied to the basilisk, and to bones used for dice, NED, CM, C3; byched, MD; bichede, NED.

Bi-chermen, v. to scream at, S.

Bi-cherren, v. to entice, mislead, betray, S; bicharre, S; bicherd, pp., S.—AS. be-cerran.

Bi-clappen, v. to lay hold of suddenly, C3; beclappe, Palsg.

Bi-clarten, v. to defile, make dirty, S, NED.

Bi-clepien, v. to accuse, S; bicleopien, S; bicleoped, pp., S.—AS. be-cleopian.

Bi-clippen, v. to embrace, W, W2; bi-clipped, pt. s. wrapped (him) round, S3; by-clypped, pp. surrounded, S2; bi-clippid, W.—AS. bi-clippan.

Bi-clusen, v. to enclose, S.—AS. be-clýsan.

Bi-colmen, v. to blacken with soot, S, NED (p. 722a), MD. See Culme.

Bi-comen, v. to come, go to, to befall, to become, befit, suit, PP, S2, S; bycome, PP, S2; bicom, pt. s., S; bycam, PP; bicome, pp., S2; bycome, S2; becomen, S3; bicumen, S.—AS. be-cuman.

Bi-cumelich, adj. comely, becoming, MD; bicumeliche, adv. becomingly, S.

Bi-daffed, pp. befooled, C2; bedaffed, NED.

Bidden, v. to beg, pray, ask, S, S2, PP; bydde, S2; beode, S; bit, pr. s., S, P; byd, S2; bad, pt. s., S, S2, PP; bede, subj., PP; beade, S; beden, pp. S; ibeden, S.—AS. biddan.

Note that some of the above forms are due to a confusion with those of the verb Beden.

Biddere, sb. asker, PP; bidders, pl. beggars, S2, P.

Biddinge, sb. prayer, S; biddynge, begging, P.

Biden, v. to bide, remain, PP; byden, S2, PP; bod, bode, pt. s., S2; bade, S3; baid, pl. abode, lived, S3.—AS. bídan.

Bidene, adv. together, S; at once, S2; bedene, NED; bydene, S2.

Bi-draueled, pp. slobbered, covered with grease, P.

Bie, sb. collar, W2; see Beiȝ.

Bienfet; see Benefet.

Biennales, sb. pl. biennials, biennial commemorations of the dead, P.

Bierne, sb. man, PP, HD; see Bern.

Bi-fallen, v. to befall, C; biualle, S; biful, pt. s. befell, S; byfyl, S2; befyl, S2; byfel, byfil, C; bifil, bifel, C2; bifelde, W2; bifalle, pp. befallen, S, S2, C; bifelde, W2; biualle, S.—AS. be-feallan.

Bi-flen, v. to fly from, S.—AS. be-fléon.

Bi-fleten, v. to flow round; biflette, pt. s., S, NED (p. 721 a).

Bi-foren, prep. before, S, C2; biuoren, S; byuoren, S; beforen, S; biforn, S2, C2, C3; bifore, S; bifor, S; befor, S2; beforne, S3.—AS. biforan.

Big, adj. big, C2; byg, PP; bigg, wealthy, S2, MD; bygge, pl., PP.

Bigat; see Biȝeten.

Biggen, v. to till, dwell, build, MD, PP, S (5. 1611); byggen, PP; biggand, pr. p., H.—Icel. byggja; cp. AS. búgian.

Biggen, v. to buy, S3, P; buggen, S, S2, PP; bygge, PP; beggen, MD; beye, C3; bij, S2; bye, S2; by, C3; bie, W2; buyeþ, pr. s., PP; buþ, S; bies, redeems, S2; bohte, pt. s., S; bouhte, S; boȝte, S2; bohton, pl., S; boȝte, S; bogt, pp., S; y-bouȝt, P.—AS. bycgan.

Biggere, sb. buyer, W; biere, W2.

Bi-gilen, v. to beguile, S, P; bigyle, C2, C3.

Bi-ginnen, v. to begin, S, S2; bigan, pt. s., S, C2; bigon, S; bigonne, 2 pt. s., C3; bigunnen, pt. pl., S; begouth, pt. s., S2, S3; bigunnen, pp., S; begunnon, S.—AS. be-ginnan.

Bi-gon, pp. surrounded, provided, set round, MD; be-gon, filled, S2.—AS. begán, pp. of begán, to go round, surround.

Bi-greden, v. to cry out at, to lament, S; begredde, pt. pl., MD.

Bi-gripen, v. to seize, MD; be-gripe, pp., S.—AS. be-grípan, to chide.

Bi-growe, pp. overgrown, S; begrowe, MD.

Bi-grucchen, v. to begrudge, murmur at, P; bygrucche, PP.

Bi-gurdel, sb. a purse, PP.—AS. bí-gyrdel (Matt. 10.9).

Bi-gynandly, adv. at the beginning, H. See Biginnan.

Bi-hangen, v. to deck, clothe, MD; bi-hengen, pt. pl. hung about, S.—AS. be-hón.

Bi-healde, v. to behold; bihalden, S2; see Bi-holden.

Bi-heden, v. to behead, MD; bi-hedide, pt. s., W; biheedid, pp., W.—AS. be-héafdian.

Bi-heste, sb. promise, S, S2, C2, P; byheste, S2; beheste, S2; byhest, S2; bihese, S; biheest, W; bihese, pl., S.—AS. be-hǽs.

Bi-heten, v. to promise, S, C3, W; bihote, S, S2, P; byhote, C; beohote, S2; bihat, pr. s., S; bihet, pt. s., S, S2; bihiȝte, W; behighte, S2; behihte, S2; bihight, P; biheyhte, S; bihoten, pp., S; byhote, S2; behote, S; named, S3.—AS. be-hátan. See NED (s.v. behight).

Bi-heue, adj. profitable, S, MD.—AS. be-héfe, necessary; from *bihóf, utility (in behóflic). See Bihouely.

Bi-hinde, prep. behind, S; adv. S2; bihynde, backwards, W2; = to come, future, C3.

Bi-holden, v. to hold, to behold, PP, C, MD; bi-healde, S; bihalden, S2; bihalt, pr. s., S; biheold, pt. s., S; beoheold, S2; bihuld, S2; biheolt, S; biholde, pp., W2, C3; beholdinge wrongly used for beholden, indebted, S3.—AS. be-healdan.

Bihote; see Biheten.

Bi-houe, sb. dat. advantage, MD; biofþe, S2. Cf. Biheue.

Bi-houely, adj. behoveful, necessary, CM, MD; behouelich, S2.—AS. be-hóflic.

Bi-houeþ, pr. s. behoveth, needs, S, C2, P; behoueþ, S2; byhoueþ, S2; bihoues, S; byhoues, pr. pl., are obliged to, S2; behoued, pt. s., S; bihofte, W.—AS. be-hófian.

Bi-huden, v. to hide, MD; by-hud, imp. s., S.—AS. be-hýdan.

Bi-iapen, v. to deceive, befool, MD; byiaped, pp., C, C3, PP.

Bijs; see Bisse.

Bikeihte; see Bicacchen.

Bikenen, v. to beckon, W2; see Beknen.

Bi-kennedd, pp. begotten, MD.

Bi-kennen, v. to commit, commend, to signify, MD; bikenned, pt. s. recommended, S2; bekenned, S2.

Biker, sb. a fight, MD, HD.

Bikeren, v. to fight, PP, HD; bekeryn, Prompt.; byckarte, pt. pl. skirmished, S3.

Bi-knowen, v. to acknowledge, know, P, C3; byknowe, C; beknowe, S2; biknew, pt. s., C; biknewe, pl., S; biknowen, pp., favourably received, P.

Bilæde, pt. s. enclosed, S; see Bi-leggen.

Bilæuen, v. to remain, S; see Bi-leuen.

Bild, sb. building, S3.

Bilden, v. to build, PP, W, CM, MD; bulden, MD; belden, MD, S3; bulde, pt. s., C, MD; bildide, W; bildiden, pt. pl., W; bilden, W2; belt, pp., S3; y-buld, S2, S3; y-beld, S3.—Probably from AS. bold, dwelling.

Bile; see Bule.

Bi-leden, v. to use, treat, MD; biledet (for biledeþ), pr. pl., S.—AS. be-lǽdan.

Bi-lefful, adj. believing, S, MD.

Bi-leggen, v. to lay (something) on, cover, to prove, explain, MD; bileist, 2 pr. s., glozest, S, MD; bilæde, pt. s., enclosed, S.—AS. bi-lecgan, to cover.

Bi-leue, sb. belief, S, S2, PP, C3; beleaue, S; byleue, PP; belaue, S; bileaue, S; biliaue, S; beoleeue, S2, PP; bilefues, pl., S.—Cp. AS. (ge)léafa.

Bileue; see Biliue.

Bi-leuen, v. to believe, PP, MD, S; beleue, S; bilefeð, pr. pl., S; biliueð, S; bilefden, pt. pl., S.

Bi-leuen, v. to leave, forsake, renounce, HD, MD; bilef, imp. s., S, MD.—Cp. AS. lǽfan, to leave.

Bi-leuen, v. to remain, be left, MD, CM, C2, S2, HD; byleue, HD; bilæuen, S; bileaue, S; bilefue, S; bleuen, S2; blefþ, pr. s., S2; bileued, pp. left remaining, G; byleued, G.—AS. be-lǽfan.

Bilfoder, sb. food, sustenance, S2, MD; bilfodur, NED.

Bi-liggen, v. to belong to, MD; bi-lien, pr. pl., S.—AS. bi-licgan, to lie round.

Bi-likien, v. to make pleasing, MD; bi-liked, pp. made pleasing, S.

Bi-limpen, v. to happen, to belong to, S; belimpen, S; belamp, pt. s., S.—AS. be-limpan.

Bi-linnen, v. to cease, to be silent, to make to cease, MD; by-linne, G; blinnen, S, S2, C3; blyne, S3; blynne, S2; blin, S2; blan, pt. s., MD; blane, S3.—AS. blinnan (= be + linnan, to cease, to be deprived of), pt. blann (pl. blunnon), p. blunnen.

Bi-liue, adv. quickly, S, S2; bylyue, S2; belyue, S2, S3; bliue, S, S2; blyue, S3.—AS. be lífe, with life.

Bi-liue, sb. food, sustenance, S (4b.102), MD; bylyue, PP; bileoue, MD; bileue, S, SD.—AS. bigleofa; cp. OHG. bilibi.

Bi-liuen, v. to live by, S.—AS. bi-libban.

Bille, sb. papal bull, petition, PP; see Bulle.

Bille, sb. bill, beak, S, C; bylle, Voc.—AS. bile.

Billen, v. to peck with the bill, S.

Billet, sb. a piece of firewood; byllets, pl., S3 (26. 785).

Bi-loken, v. to look upon, regard, MD; be-locest, 2 pr. s., S.

Bi-long on, prep. pertaining to, S.

Bi-luken, v. to enclose, lock up, imprison, include, MD; biloken, pp., S; beloken, S; bilouked, S2, MD.—AS. be-lúcan.

Bi-lyen, v. to lie against, accuse falsely, MD; belye, P; bilowen, pp., S2, P, MD.—AS. be-léogan, pp. belogen.

Bi-masen, v. to confuse, SkD (s.v. maze).

Bi-menen, v. to mean, to bemoan, MD, HD; bymenen, P; bemenen, S2, P; biment, pp., S.—AS. bi-mǽnan.

Bi-mening, sb. bemoaning, S.

Bi-mong, prep. among, S, MD.

Bi-mornen, v. to mourn over, MD, W; bimurnen, S.—AS. bi-murnan.

Bi-mowe, v. to mock, W2.

Binam, Binom; pt. s. of Bi-nimen.

Binden, v. to bind, S; band, pt. s., S; bond, S2, G, C2; bunden, pl., S; bunden, pp., S; bundyn, S2; bunde, ibunde, S; bounden, S, C2; y-bounde, S2, S3, C2; y-bound, S3; ibunde, S.—AS. bindan.

Bi-nemnen, v. to declare, stipulate; by-nempt, pt. s. promised, S3.—AS. be-nemnan.

Bi-neðe, prep. and adv. beneath, S2; byneþe, C; bineþen, S.—AS. be-neoðan.

Bi-nimen, v. to take from, MD; bynymen, S; benymen, S2; bineome, pr. s. subj. deprive, S; binam, pt. s., P; binom, S2; benam, S; bynome, pp., P; benumde, S3.—AS. be-niman.

Binne, sb. bin, chest, MD; bynne, C, Voc.—AS. binn, manger.

Binne, adv. and prep. within, S; bynne, S2; bine, S.—AS. binnan (for be-innan).

Bi-queste, sb. bequest, P, MD.—A deriv. of cweðan, see NED.

Bi-quethen, v. to bequeath, MD, CM, PP; byquethen, C, G; bi-queth, pt. s., S2; biquath, PP, G.—AS. bi-cwéðan.

Bi-quide, sb. bequest, 82; bequide, MD.—Cp. AS. cwide, a will.

Birafte; see Bireuen.

Bird, pt. s. impers. (it) behoved, S2; birrde, S; see Bureth.

Bird, sb. a young bird, MD; see Brid.

Birded, pt. pl. laid snares for birds, S3.

Bire, sb. dat. force, impetus, W; see Bur.

Bi-reden, v. reflex. to take counsel, MD; by-rad, pp. determined, resolved, S2.

Bi-reinen, v. to rain upon, bedew, MD; be-rayne, pr. pl. berain, S3; birine, subj. S; beraynde, pt. pl. S3.

Bi-reusien, v. to lament, regret, MD, S; bireused, pp. S.—AS. be-hréowsian, to feel remorse.

Bireusunge, sb. contrition, S.

Bi-reuen, v. to bereave, C3, P; birafte, pt. s. C2; bireued, pp., S; byreued, G; byraft, C.—AS. bi-réafian, to deprive of.

Bi-rinnen, v. to run with moisture, MD; bi-runne, pp. bedewed with tears, S.—AS. bi-rinnan, to run as a liquid, bi-runnen, pp. Birle, sb. cup-bearer, MD, HD.—AS. byrle, byrele.

Birlen, v. to pour out drink, to give to drink, MD, JD, H, HD; bryllyn, Prompt.—AS. byrlian; cp. Icel. byrla.

Birlynge, sb. a giving to drink; pouring out liquor, H.

Bi-rolled, pp. rolled about, S2.

Birth, sb. birth, offspring, natural disposition, nation, MD; burþ, MD; birþes, pl. nations, S2, MD.—Icel. burðr; cp. Goth. ga-baurths, birth, native country.

Birth-tonge, sb. native tongue; burþ-tonge, S2.

Bisay; see Bisen.

Bi-sched, pp. besprinkled, W2.

Bi-schetten, v. to shut up; bessette, S2; bischetten, pt. pl., PP; bishetten, P; bishette, pp., PP.

Bi-schinen, v. to shine upon, MD; byschyne, pp. shone upon, S2.

Bischop, sb. bishop, S, PP; bisscopp, the Jewish high priest, S; bischopis, pl. chief priests, W; bissopes, S2.—AS. biscop; Lat. episcopus.

Bi-schrewen, v. to corrupt, to curse, MD; byschrewed, pp. cursed, P.

Bi-schrichen, v. to shriek at, S.

Bi-schunien, v. to shun, MD; bisunien, S.

Bise, sb. the north-wind, S.—OF. bise; cp. OHG. bísa.

Bi-sechen, v. to beseech, S; biseke, C2; beseken, C, S; besech, imp. s., S; bisohte, pt. s. S; besoght, S2; bisoȝte, S2; bisouȝten, pl. pl., S2.

Bi-segen, v. to besiege, MD; bi-segiden, pt. pl., W2; bi-seged, pp., C2.

Bi-semen, v. to beseem, to appear, MD; bi-semeþ, pr. s., him bisemeþ, he appears, S; bisemyde, pt. s., beseemed, fitted, W; ibsemed, pp. made seemly, plausible, S (16. 842).

Bi-sen, v. to look, to behold, consider, to arrange, appoint, to manage, MD, S; besie, S; biseo, S2; bisið, pr. s., S; bise, imp., W; byse, S2; biseh, pt. s., S; bisay, S2; beseyn, pp. arranged; beseyne, decked; besene, equipped, S3; biseye, as in phr. yuel biseye, ill to look at, C2, richely biseye, splendid in appearance, C2.—AS. biséon, to look about.

Bisenen, v. to give an example, MD; bisend, pp. likened, signified, S2.—AS. bysnian. See Bisne.

Bisening, sb. example, S.—AS. bys-nung.

Bi-setten, v. to fill, occupy, to surround, beset, to set, place, to employ, MD, C, P; bisettiden, pt. pl., W.—AS. bi-settan.

Bisi, adj. busy, S; see Busy.

Bisily, adv. busily, C2; bisili, W; bisiliche, S.

Bi-sitten, v. to sit close to, to press hard, MD, P; be-sæt, pt. s. besieged, S; be-sætte, S.—AS. be-sittan.

Bi-slabered, pp. beslobbered, P.

Bi-smeoruwed, pp. besmeared, S.

Bi-smer, sb. scorn, reproach, P; bisemar, S; busemare, S2; bismare, HD; bissemare, CM; bismeres, pl., PP; bismares, PP.—AS. bi-smer, insult; cp. OHG. bismer, ridicule (Otfrid).

Bi-smitten, v. to dirty, MD; bismitted, pp. dirtied, S; besmet, MD.

Bi-smotered, pp. spotted, smutted, C.

Bisne, sb. example, parable, S, MD.—AS. bysn; Goth. busns (in anabusns); from biudan; see Douse, p. 60.

Bi-soken, sb. request, petition, MD; bisokne, NED; bi-socne, dat., MD; bisocnen, dat. pl., S.

Bi-soȝte, pt. s. of Bi-sechen.

Bi-speken, v. to speak to, to speak, blame, to decide, resolve, MD; byspack, pt. s., G; bespayke, S3; bispeke, pp. S.—AS. be-sprecan.

Bi-spel, sb. parable, S.—AS. bigspell, example, proverb, parable.

Bi-speten, v. to spit upon, W; bispatten, pt. pl., W; bispat, pp., W.

Bi-sprengen, v. to besprinkle, MD; bi-spreynde, pt. s. W; besprent, pp. bedewed, S3; bysprent, S3; besprint, S3; bispreynt, W2.—AS. be-sprengan.

Bisse, sb. a stuff of fine texture, MD; bis, MD; bys, S2; bies, bijs, fine linen, W; bijs (= byssus = Heb. shésh, fine linen, also Egyptian cotton), W2.—OF. bisse; Lat. byssus; Gr. βύσσος; Heb. búts, fine Egyptian cotton.

Bissyn, sb. fine linen (= byssinum), W.—Lat. byssinum, a garment made of byssus.

Bi-stad, pp. placed, circumstanced, bestead, hard bestead, sorely imperilled, overcome, MD, S2, C3; bystad, G; bistadde, CM; bistaðed, MD; bistaðet, S; bisteaðet, S. Probably from Icel. staðr, place, see NED.

Bi-standen, v. to surround, to be busy about, to attack, MD; bi-stod, pt. s., S; bistode, S2; bistonden, pp., S.—AS. be-standan.

Bi-steken, v. to shut out, MD; pp., S.

Bi-striden, v. to bestride, S; bistrood, pt. s., C2; bystrood, G.

Bi-sunien, v. to shun, S; see Bi-schunien.

Bi-swiken, v. to betray, deceive, S, S2; beswike, S; besuiken, S.—AS. be-swícan.

Bi-swinken, v. to obtain by work, to, earn by labour, MD; biswynke, P.—AS., be-swincan.

Bisy, adj. busy, C2, P; see Busy.

Bisyhed, sb. busyhood, MD; bysyhede, S2.

Bisynesse, sb. business, W2; see Busynesse.

Bi-taken, v. to commit, entrust, S, C2, W, NED; betake, PP; beotake, PP; bytake, PP; bitaak, W; bitak, imp. s., S; bitok, pt. s., S2; bitook, C3; bytokist, 2 pt. s., W; betoke, 1 pt. s., S; bitoken, pl., W; bitakun, pp. W; bitake, S2.

Bi-techen, v. to entrust, assign, S; beteche, HD; byteche, PP; biteache, S; bitache, imp. s., S; bitæhte, pt. s.; bitahte; bitagte; bitaucte, S; bitaughte, G; bytaȝt, S2; bitæht, pp.; bitaht; biteiht; bitagt; beteht, S.—AS. be-tǽcan, pt. betǽhte, pp. betǽht.

Bitel, adj. sharp, biting, MD.

Bitel-browed, adj. with shaggy, prominent eye-brows, S2, P; bytelbrowed, PP.

Bi-tellen, v. to clear, justify, to express, show, to claim, to set free, to persuade, deceive, MD, S; bitald, pp., H, MD.—AS. be-tellan.

Biten, v. to bite, PP; byte, PP; bot, pt. s., S2, PP; bote, P.—AS. bítan, pt. bát (pl. biton), pp. biten.

Bi-teon, v. to draw over, to cover, to employ, NED; biten, MD; bitowen, pp., S; bitoȝen, NED; bitogen, MD.—AS. be-téon.

Bi-þenken, v. to think, bethink, S, W; biþenchen, S; biþohte, pt. s., S; biþoȝte, planned, S2; biþouhte, S; beþout, S2; biþoht, pp. repented, S; biþouht, S; bythought, called to mind, C.—AS. bi-þencan.

Bi-tiden, v. to happen, betide, MD; bityde, C2, C3; beotyde, PP; bitit, pr. s., PP; bitid, S; bitide, pt. s., S2; betydde, PP; bitid, pp., S; betight, pp., S3; NED.

Bi-tilden, v. to cover; bi-tild, pp., S.—AS. be-teldan. See Ouer-tild.

Bi-time, adv. betimes, S, S2; bityme, PP; bitimes, C3.

Bi-toknen, v. to betoken, C2; bitocknen, S; bytoknen, PP; betoknen, S, PP; betaken, S2; bitacnedd, pp., S.

Bi-trayen, v. to betray, PP, C2; bitraide, pt. s., S. From OF. traïr: It. tradire; Lat. tradere.

Bitter, adj. bitter, MD; bittur, PP; bittere, adv. bitterly, P.—AS. bitor.

Bitter, sb. bitterness, S2, P.

Bittur-browed, adj. having prominent brows, PP. See Bitel-browed.

Bituhhe, prep. between, S; see Bi-twiȝe.

Bi-turnen, v. to turn; biturnde hom, pt. pl., turned themselves about, S2.

Bi-twenen, prep., between; bitwine, bitwen, betwenen, betuene, S.—AS. be-twéonan.

Bi-twix, prep. betwixt, S2, C2; bitwixe, C2; bitwixen, C2; betwyx, betwux, S; bitwex, S; bythuixte, S2.—AS. be-tweox.

Bi-twiȝe, prep. between, MD; betwe, S2; bituhhe, S.—AS. be-twih, be-twuh.

Bityl, sb. beetle, NED.—AS. bitula.

Biuien, v. to tremble, NED; biueð, pr. s., S.—AS. bifian (beofian); OHG. bibēn, see NED.

Bi-wailen, v. to bewail, lament, C2; biwaille, MD; biweile, MD, W; biwailled, pp., C2.

Bi-welden, v. refl. to wield oneself, i.e. to have full and free use of one’s limbs, MD; bywelde, S3; bewelde, Palsg.; beweld, to wield, HD.

Bi-wenden, to turn, MD; biwente, pt. s., turned round, S.

Bi-wepen, v. to beweep, S, W.—AS. be-wépan.

Bi-werien, v. to defend, S.—AS. be-werian.

Bi-winden, v. to wind about, S; bewinden, to enwrap, cover, S; bewunden, pp., S.—AS. be-windan.

Bi-winnen, v. to obtain, MD; biwon, pt. s., S.

Bi-witen, v. to guard, MD; bywite, S; biwiste, pt. s., MD; biwisten, pl., S.

Bi-wlappe, v. to wrap round, W2.

Bi-wreyen, v. to accuse, to reveal, disclose, C2, C3; bywreye, C; biwreie, S; bewreye, C, S2; bewraye, NED.

Biȝes, sb. pl. collars, P; see Beiȝ.

Bi-ȝete, sb. profit, S, S2; offspring, P.

Bi-ȝetel, adj. profitable, S.

Bi-ȝeten, v. to obtain, possess, beget, S; biȝiten, S; bigat, pt. s. S; bigæt, S; begæt, S; bygeten, pp. S2; biȝetenn, biyete, biȝite, biȝute, bigotten, biȝoten, S.—AS. bi-gitan (bigietan).

Bi-ȝonde, prep. beyond, S, S2, PP; biȝende, W; biȝunde, P; biyond, S2; beionde, S; biȝendis, W.

Blaberen, v. to blabber, to talk idly, HD, Prompt.; blaberde, pt. s., PP.

Bladder, sb. bladder, MD; bladdre, C3; bledder, S3; bleder, Voc.—AS. blǽdre, OMerc. blédre (OET.)

Blak, adj. pale, MD; blake, wan, Palsg. Phr.: blak and blo, pale and livid, MD, NED (s.v. black, 13).—AS. blác. Cf. Bleike.

Blak, adj. black, MD.—AS. blæc.

Blake, sb. smut, black, S; blackness, S2.

Blake-beryed, sb. blackberrying, i.e., wandering hither and thither purposely, C3.

Blanchet, sb. a white powder used as a cosmetic, S.—OF. blanchet.

Blanc-mangere, sb. a kind of cheese-cake, PP; blammanger, PP.

Blane (for blan), pt. s. of Bi-linnen.

Blank, adj. white, S3.—OF. blanc.

Blase, sb. blaze, flame, PP.—AS. blæse.

Blasen, v. to blaze, flare, PP; blasie, pr. s. subj., S; blesand, pr. p., S3.

Blasen, v. to blow (with trumpet), to proclaim, publish, NED, CM. Cp. OHG. blásan.

Blasen, v. in heraldry to blaze arms, i.e. to describe them, MD, S3, Prompt., Palsg.; blaze, Cotg. (s.v. blasonner).

Blasfeme, adj. and sb. blasphemous, blasphemer, MD, W.—Lat. blasphemus; Gr. βλάσφημος.

Blaundissen, v. to flatter, H; blaundiss, pr. s., H; bloundisand, pr. p., H.—OF. blandir (pr. p. blandisant).

Blawen; see Blowen.

Bledder; see Bladder.

Blee, sb. colour, complexion, MD, HD; ble, MD, JD; bleo, S, S2; blie, JD.—AS. bléo.

Blefð; see Bileuen.

Bleike, adj. pale, S, NED; bleyke, Prompt.; blayke, NED; bleyk, S3; bleke, wan, Palsg. Phr.: blaike and blo, pale and livid, NED (s.v. black, 13).—Icel. bleikr. Cf. Blak.

Blenchen, v. to flinch, turn aside, S, P; bleynte, pt. s., C; bleinte, NED.—AS. blencan, to deceive.

Blenden, v. to mix together, MD; blende, pp., S2.—Cp. Icel. blanda.

Blenden, v. to blind, deceive, MD, PP; blent, pr. s., C3; blente, pt. s., PP; blent, pp. blinded, C3, HD.—AS. blendan.

Blenk, sb. a gleam, blink, glance, S3; blenkis, pl., NED; blinkes, MD.

Blenken, v. to glitter, to glance, NED; blynke, to open the eyes, S2; blenkit, pt. s., looked, S2; blencheden, pl., MD.

Blere, adj. blear, dim, NED.

Bleren, v. to make dim, to be blear-eyed, MD, S2, P; blered, pp. dimmed, S2, C3, P.

Blesen, v. to blaze, S3; see Blasen.

Blessen, v. to bless, PP, S; blesseth hir, pr. s., crosses herself, C3; blesced, pp. S; bletcæd, consecrated, S; y-blessed, S3, C3, P; i-blessed, S; iblescede, S; iblesset, S2.—AS. blétsian, blédsian ONorth. blóedsian (NED); from blód, blood.

Blete, adj. bare, exposed, miserable, S, MD; blait, JD; blout, JD.—AS. bléat, wretched, miserable; cp. Icel. blautr, Du. bloot G. bloss.

Bleten, v. to bleat, Prompt.; blæten, S.—AS. blǽtan.

Bleuen; see Bileuen.

Blewe, adj. blue, livid, C2, PP; black, MD; blew, MD.—OF. bleu. See Blo.

Blewe, sb. blue, MD; bluȝ, S2.

Bleynte; see Blenchen.

Blinnen, v. to cease, S, S2, C3; see Bi-linnen.

Blis, sb. bliss, S.—AS. bliss (= blíðs), see Sievers, 202(7). See Bliþe.

Blissien, v. to rejoice, be glad, to gladden, MD; blissin, S, S2.—AS. blissian (= blíðsian). See above.

Bliþe, adj. blithe, cheerful, S, S2; blyþe, S2, C2.—AS. blíðe.

Bliðe-liche, adv. gladly, S; bluðeliche, S; bloðeliche, S; bliþeliȝ, S; bleþely, S2.—AS. blíðelice.

Bliue, adv. quickly, S, S2; see Biliue.

Blo, adj. livid, S2, PP; black, MD.—Icel. blá(r). See Blewe.

Blod, sb. blood, S, S2, PP; blode, dat., S2.—AS. blód.

Blode, sb. a blood-relation, a person, living being, MD, CM; blod, MD.

Blok, adj. pale, NED. Phr. blok and blo, NED. See Blak.

Blo-man, sb. negro, MD; blamon, MD; blewe-men, pl., MD.—Cp. Icel. blá-maðr, negro. See Blo.

Blome, sb. flower, S2, MD.—Icel. blóm, flower, blossom.

Blosme, sb. blossom, S, PP, Prompt., CM; blostme, S; blosmen, pl., S2; bloosmes, S3.—AS. blóstma.

Blosmen, v. to blossom, W2, Prompt.; blosmed, pt. pl., P.—AS. blóstmian.

Bloundisen, v. to flatter, H; see Blaundissen.

Bloundisynge, sb. blandishing, H.

Blowen, v. to blow, PP; blawe, S; blou, imp. s., S; bloaweð, pr. s., S; bleu, pt. s., S; bleowen, pl., S; blawen, pp., S2; blowe, C3.—AS. bláwan, pt. bléow, pp. bláwen.

Blowen, v. to blow, to bloom, MD; i-blowe, pp. S.—AS. blówan, pt. bléow, pp. geblówen.

Blubren, v. to bubble, MD; blubrande, pr. p., S2.

Blustren, v. to rush about aimlessly, NED; blustreden, pt. pl., P.

Bluȝ, sb. blue, S2; see Blewe.

Blyn-hede, sb. blindness, H.

Blynke; see Blenken.

Bo-; see Bou-, Bu-.

Bobbe, sb. a knock, jerk, jog, S3; bobbes, pl., S3.

Bobben, v. to knock, strike, MD.

Bocche, sb. tumour, boil, PP; botche, W2, Prompt.; boche, CM; boce, CM.—AF. boche, OF. boce, bump.

Bocher, sb. butcher, S2, S3, P, C.—OF. boucher.

Bocherie, sb. shambles, W, Prompt.—OF. boucherie.

Bod, sb. abiding, waiting, delay, S2.

Bod, pt. s. waited, S2; bode, waited for, S2; see Biden.

Bode, sb. message, command, S, PP; bodes, pl., S, S2.—AS. (ge)bod, command.

Boden; see Beden.

Bode-word, sb. command, S; bodworde, message, S2.

Bodien, v. to announce, S; bodeden, pt. pl., S.—AS. bodian.

Body, sb. body, person, PP; bodie, S; bodi, S, PP; bodiȝ, S. Phr.: my ioly body, my jolly self, C2.—AS. bodig.

Body-half, sb. the front part (of a dress), PP.

Boile; see Bule.

Boistous, adj. boisterous, noisy, S3; boustious, S3; bustuus, busteous, S3; buystous, W.

Boistously, adv. loudly, C2.

Bok, sb. book, S, S2, PP; boc, S, S2; boke, P.—AS. bóc; cp. OHG. buoh (Tatian).

Bokele, sb. buckle, MD; bokle, MD.—OF. bocle.

Bokeler, sb. buckler, shield, C, G; bocler, Palsg.—OF. bocler.

Boket, sb. bucket, C; bokett, Prompt.

Bold, adj. fierce, bold, daring, PP, S; bauld, bawld, S3; belde, big, blustering, S; bald, S2; balder, comp., P.—AS. beald; OHG. bald (Otfrid).

Boldeliche, adv. boldly, S; baldly, S2; boldely, C2.

Bolden, v. to make bold, encourage, MD; bolded, pt. s., P; balde, S.—AS. bealdian.

Bole, sb. a kind of clay, C3. Comb.: bole armoniak, Armenian clay, C3, NED (s.v. ammoniac).—Lat. bolus; Gr. βῶλος, clod.

Bole, sb. bull, S, C, C3; bule, S; bulez, pl., S2; bolis, W; boolis, W.—Icel. boli.

Bolle, sb. bowl, S, S2, C3, P; a rounded seed-vessel, NED (s.v. boll), HD; boll, rounded top (of barley), S3.—AS. bolla.

Bollen, v. to swell, S2, PP; bolled, pp., S2, PP.

Bollen, pp. swollen, NED; bollen, W; bolne, S3; bowlne, S3.

Bollyng, sb. swelling, P.

Bolnen, v. to swell, S2, P, H; bolned, pt. s., S2; bolnyde, W2; bolnyd, W.

Bolnyng, sb. swelling, H, W.

Bolt, sb. arrow, S; bolte, Prompt.—AS. bolt (Voc.).

Bolȝen, v. to puff up, MD; boluweð, pr. s., S.—AS. belgan, pt. bealg (pl. bulgon), pp. bolgen.

Bon, sb. bone, PP., S2; boon, W2; ban, S; banes, pl., S, S2; bon, S; boonys, W2; bannes, S2. Phr.: to make bones, to hesitate, S3.—AS. bán.

Bon, pp. prepared, S2; see Boun.

Bonayre, adj. kind, gentle, MD; bonere, MD; bonair, adv., MD; bonure, S2. See Debonnaire.

Bonayrelyche, adv. reverently, S2.

Bonchen, v. to strike, bump, S2, P; see Bunchen.

Bond; see Binden.

Bonde, sb. a peasant serf, slave, NED, S2; pl., PP.—AS. bonda, bunda, a householder; Icel. bóndi, for búandi, a tiller of the soil.

Bonde-man, sb. tiller of the soil, NED; bondman, P; bondemen, pl., S2, P, G, PP.

Bone, sb. pain, poison, PP; see Bane.

Bone, sb. prayer, petition, S, S2, C3, G, PP; bon, S2; boone, C, G; bonen, pl., S.—Icel. bón. Cf. Bene.

Bonen, adj. made of bone, S2.

Bonet, sb. additional sail, PP, Cath.—OF. bonet, bonnet.

Bonk, sb. bank, shore, S2, S3; see Bank.

Boo-; see Bo-.

Boor, sb. boar, C, W2; bare, S2; bore, S, PP; bor, S2, PP; bores, pl., P.—AS. bár.

Boot, sb. boat, S2, W, CM; bot, PP.—AS. bát.

Boras, sb. borax, C, C3.—OF. boras: It. borace; Arab. bōraq.

Bord, sb. board, table, S, S2, C, NED; borde, S; boord, W; bordes, pl., S.—AS. bord, plank. Cf. Bred.

Borgounen, v. to bud, S2; see Burjounen.

Borne; see Burne.

Bornen, v. to burnish, S3; see Burnen.

Borwe, sb. pledge, surety, W2, C, C2, G; borgh, H; borghe, P; borewe, S2; borwes, pl., sponsors, S2; pledges, P.—AS. borh.

Borwen, v. to deliver, to borrow, MD, PP, C2, G; borewe, W2; borowe, NED; borwede, pt. s., PP.—AS. borgian.

Borwynge, sb. borrowing, Prompt.; borewyng, S2.

Boske; see Busch.

Bosken; see Busken.

Bost, sb. boast, noise, MD, C3, PP; boost, C2; boste, PP; bostus, pl., H.

Bosten, v. to boast, PP; booste, NED.

Bosum, sb. bosom, S, W (John 13. 23); bosem, MD.—AS. bósm.

Bote, prep. and conj. without, except, unless, but, S, S2, PP; bot, CM, S2; bute, S; butt, S; boute, S, S2; buten, S; buton, S; Comb.: bote-ȝef, except that, unless, S2, C.—AS. be-úton (búton).

Bote, sb. remedy, succour, amendment, S, S2, C2, G, P; boote, S3, C, G. Phr.: to bote, to advantage, in addition, NED.—AS. bót; cp. Goth. bota.

Botelees, adj. without remedy, PP; bootelesse, useless, S3; botles, S2.

Botelere, sb. butler, Voc.; botiler, C; butler, S.

Botelle, sb. bottle, MD; botel, CM.—OF. boutelle, also botel.

Boterace, sb. buttress; boteras, Prompt.; butterace, SkD (p. 789); butteras, pl., SkD; buttrace, SkD; butteraces, SkD.—ME. boterace for OF. bouterets, i.e. (pillars) bearing a thrust, pl. of bouteret.

Boterace, v. to buttress; butteras, Palsg.; boteraced, pp., PP.

Bothe, adj. both, PP, S; baþe, S, S2; beoðe, S; beðe, S; buoðe, S2.—Icel. báði, both (neut.).

Botme, sb. bottom, C, C3, Prompt.; boþom, a vale, S2, NED; boþem, S2.—AS. botm.

Botme-les, adj. bottomless, CM.

Botnen, v., to heal, to recover, MD; botened, pp. bettered, P. See Bote.

Botun, sb. button, bud, Prompt., Voc.; bothom, MD, CM; buttonys, pl., S3.—OF. bouton, button, bud (Cotg.).

Bouel, sb. bowel, MD; bouele, S2.—OF. boel (and boele); Lat. botellus.

Bouge, sb. a leathern bottle or wallet, uter, W2 (Ps. 77. 13); bowge, W2, Prompt.—OF. bouge, budget, leather-case; Low Lat. bulga, leathern vessel (Voc.). Cf. Waterbulge.

Cross-reference could not be identified. In sources other than the Dictionary, the most common term is “water bouget”.

Bouhte; see Biggen.

Bouk, sb. the belly, trunk, body, C, JD; buc, S.—AS. búc: Icel. búkr.

Boun, pp. prepared to go, ready to start, S3, CM, PP; bon, ready, S2; bun, S2; bown, P, H.—Icel. búinn, prepared, pp. of búa, to get ready, to till; cp. AS. ge-bún, pp. of gebúan; cp. E. bound (said of a ship.)

Bounden, pp. bound, S, C2; see Binden.

Bounen, v. to get ready, to go, also to make ready, NED; bowneth, pr. s., NED; bownd, pt. s., prepared himself, got ready, S3.

Bour, sb. bower, chamber, womens’ chamber, C, G; bur, dat., S; boure, S, S2, P; bowre, P; bourez, pl. sleeping-places, S2.—AS. búr, a dwelling.

Bourde, sb. jest, PP, C3, G; bourd, S2, S3; bord, NED.—OF. bourde.

Bourden, v. to jest, C3, PP; borde, NED.—OF. bourder.

Bourding, sb. jesting, 83.

Bourdon, sb. pilgrim’s staff, CM, HD; bordun, S2, PP; burdon, S, HD; burdoun, P, MD; bordon, MD, PP; bordoun, HD.—OF. bourdon (Cotg.); Low Lat. burdonem; see Burdon.

Boustious, adj. noisy, S3; see Boistous.

Bouȝ, sb. bough, PP; boh, S; bogh, S2; bowh, PP; boȝe, dat., S; boges, pl., S; buges, S; bughes, S2; bewis, S3; bewys, S3; bowes, PP, S3; boowes, C; boȝe, dat., S.—AS. bóg, bóh, Icel. bógr, shoulder, bow of a ship; cp. Gr. πᾶχυς.

Bowe, sb. bow, W2, PP; bouwe, W2; bowes, pl., PP; boys, S3.—AS. boga.

Bowe-lyne, sb. bowline, MD; bawelyne, S2.

Bowen, v. to bow, bend, submit, to direct one’s course, turn away, PP, S2, C2, W; bouwe, W2, PP; boghen, S2, H; buwen, S; buȝen, S; buhen, S; bugen, S; beien, S; bowande, pr. p. obedient, S2; bues, pr. s., S2.—AS. búgan.

Boydekyn, sb. poniard, bodkin, NED, Prompt.; bodekyn, Prompt.; boydekins, pl., C2.

Boyste, sb. box, PP, Prompt., Cath.; boyst, MD; boist, C3.—OF. boiste (F. boîte).

Boȝte; see Biggen.

Brac, sb. a, crashing sound, fragor; brace, outcry, S.—Icel. brak; cp. AS. (ge)bræc.

Brace, sb. couple of hounds, Prompt.—OF. brace, the two arms, a grasp; Lat. brachia, pl.

Bracer, sb. a guard for the left arm in archery, C; braser, Voc. See Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 108.

Brade, sb. roast flesh, S; brede, S.—AS. brǽde.

Bradit; see Brayden.

Brak; see Breken.

Brand, sb. brand, firebrand, sword, MD; brond, brand, S2, C; brondes, pl., S; brands, i.e. fire-side, S2; brondis, torches, W.—AS. brand (brond).

Brant, adj. steep, high, MD, HD; brent, JD; brentest, superl., S2.—AS. brant (bront); cp. Swed. brant, Icel. brattr.

Bras, sb. brass, C2; bres, S; breas, S.—AS. bræs.

Brasten; see Bresten.

Bratful; see Bretful.

Brað, sb. violence, MD; braþþe, dat., S.—Cp. Icel. bráð. See Broð.

Braun, sb. brawn, CM; boar’s flesh, PP; brawnes, pl., muscles, C2.—OF. braon, Prov. bradon (brazon); Low Lat. bradonem; see Ducange.

Brayde, sb. a quick movement, a start, a while, moment, MD, CM; braid, S3; braydes, pl. grimaces, S2; breides, cunning tricks, MD. Phr.: at a brayde, in a moment, S2.—Icel. bragð, quick movement.

Brayden, v. to draw, pull, to draw away quickly, to twist, braid, to start, to move quickly, hasten (intr.), to wake up, MD, Prompt., S2, CM; breyde, CM, C2; breide, W2; breyde, pt. s., PP, CM, C2, C3; brayde, MD; bradit, S3; broiden, pp., MD; broydyn, laqueatus, Prompt.; brayden, MD; browden, MD, JD; browded, C, HD; brouded, C2; broyded, WW; brayded, MD.—AS. bregdan, pt. brægd (pl. brugdon), pp. brogden.

Brea-; see Bre-.

Breas, sb. brass, S; see Bras.

Bred, sb. bread, S, PP; breed, C2, W2; bræd, S; bread, S; brad, S; brede, S2; breade, dat., S.—ONorth. bréad.

Bred, sb. board, tablet, MD, S (s.v. wax); brede, Prompt.—AS. bred.

Bred-ale, sb. bride-feast, S; see Bryd-ale.

Brede, sb. bride, PP; see Bryde.

Brede, sb. roast-flesh, S; see Brade.

Brede, sb. breadth, S, S2, S3, C2, H; breede, C, W2. Phr.: on breid, on breadth, abroad, S3; did on breid, did abroad, unfolded, S3.—AS. brǽdu.

Breden, v. to spread, S, Prompt.—AS. brǽdan.

Breden, v. to roast, MD; bret, pr. s., S.—AS. brǽdan.

Breden, v. to breed, to produce, to be produced, MD, PP; bredden, pt. pl., PP; i-bred, pp., S.—AS. brédan, to nourish. See Brode.

Bred-gume; see Brydegome.

Bred-wrigte, sb. bread-wright, baker, S. See Bred.

Breech, sb. pl. breeches, drawers, C2, C3; brech, S; breche, PP; brek, Voc.—AS. bréc, pl. of bróc; cp. Icel. brækr, pl. of brók.

Breed; see Bred.

Breels, sb. pl. wretches, HD, MD (p. 343).

Breggid, pt. s. shortened, W; see Abregge.

Breken, v. to break, S, S2, PP; breoken, S; brecð, pr. s., S; brac, pt. s., S; brek, S; brec, S2; brak, S2, PP; breken, pl., S; y-broke, pp., S2; ibroke, S2.—AS. brecan, pt. bræc (pl. brǽcon), pp. brocen.

Brek-gurdel, sb. a breech-girdle, MD; brekgyrdylle, lumbare, Voc.; brechgerdel, MD; breigirdel, MD; brigirdil, MD; brygyrdyll, Prompt.; breigerdlis, pl., purses, PP. See Breech.

Breme, sb. bream, Prompt.; brem, C.—OF. bresme (F. brème); OHG. brahsema.

Breme, adj. fierce, angry, S, S2, S3, H, PP; brem, S2; breme, adv., S2; breeme, C.—AS. bréme famous, noble.

Bremely, adv. fiercely, furiously, loudly, S2; bremly, S2.

Bremstoon; see Brynston.

Bren, sb. bran, S2, C, P.—OF. bren (F. bran).

Brene; see Brune.

Brenke; see Brink.

Brennen, v. to burn, S2, S3, C, C2, PP, W; bren, S2; brinnen, S, S2; brende, pt. s., S, S2, C2; brent, S2; brendon, pl., S; brenneden, W; brende, brenned, brend, S2; brende, C; brenten, W2; brend, pp., S, S2, C; brent, C2, S3, W; y-brend, C3; y-brent, C.—Icel. brenna; cp. Goth. brinnan, Cf. Bernen.

Brenningly, adv. ardently, fiercely, C.

Brent, adj. steep, high, S2, JD; see Brant.

Breo-; see Bre-.

Brerd, sb. brim, margin, surface, top, S3, MD; brurd, MD; brerde, MD.—AS. brerd, brim, top of a vessel, shore; cp. OHG. brort, also Icel. broddr, the front.

Brerd-ful, adv. brimful, MD; brurdful, S2. Cf. Bretful.

Brere, sb. briar, S3, W2; brer, S3; breres, pl., S, S3, C; breris, W.—AS. brér, also brǽre, pl. (OET).

Bres; see Bras.

Bresil, adj. brittle, H; see Brisel.

Brest, sb. breast, C; breost, MD; breast, voice, S3; breste, PP; bryst, MD.—AS. bréost.

Bresten, v. to burst, S2, C2, W, MD; brasten, S3, MD; bersten, S, C; brast, pt. s., C3, PP; barste, P; braste, pl., C3, S2; brest, S3; brusten, pp., damaged, hurt severely, S2, MD.—Icel. bresta, pt. brast, pp. brostinn; cp. AS. berstan.

Bretful, adj. brimful, S3, C, PP, HD; bratful, S2, PP; bredful, PP. Cp. Swed. bräddful. See Brerdful.

Breð, sb. breath, vapour, voice, word, MD, PP, CM; breðe, dat., S.—AS. brǽð.

Brethe, sb. anger, wrath, H; breth, H.—Icel. bræði, anger, from bráðr, hasty. See Broð.

Brethir; see Broðer.

Breuet, sb. brief, letter of indulgence, P; breuettes, pl., P.—Late Lat. brevetum.

Brewen, v. to brew, MD; brew, pt. s. contrived, C2, PP; breuh, S2, PP.—AS. bréowan, pt. bréaw, pp. browen.

Brewestere, brewster, P; breusters, pl. ale-wives, female-brewers, S2, PP.

Breyden; see Brayden.

Brid, sb. a young bird, PP, C2, C3, W; bridd, S; bridde, PP; bred, PP; bredde, PP; berd, MD; bird, MD; briddes, pl., S2, C; bryddez, S2; briddis, W, H; birds, S3 (26. 1150).—AS. bridd.

Brigge, sb. bridge, PP, S, CM; brugge, PP; bregge, MD; brygge, PP; brig, S2.—AS. brycg; cp. Icel. bryggja.

Briggen, v. to bridge, S.

Brike, sb. calamity, C2; see Bryk.

Bringen, v. to bring, S; brohte, pt. s., S; brochte, S; brouȝte, S2; brouhte, S; broȝte, S, S2; broght, pl., S2; broht, pp. S2; broght, S2; brouȝt, S2; ibrȝt, S2; y-broȝt, S2; y-brought, C; ibroht, S; ibrouht, S2; ibrocht, S.

Brink, sb. brink, margin, MD; brenke, dat., W; brynke, MD.—Cp. Swed. brink, Icel. brekka.

Brinnen; see Brennen.

Brisel, adj. brittle, H; bresil, H; brissal, JD. See below.

Brisen, v. to crush, MD; brisse, MD; bresen, MD; brisid, pp., W.

Brisokis, sb. pl. wild cabbage, H.

Britel, adj. brittle, fragile, MD; britil, S2, W; brutel, MD; brutil, CM; brotel, MD.—From base of AS. bruton, pt. pl. of bréotan, to break.

Britnen, v. to break, break up, MD; bruttenet, pp. destroyed, slain, S2; bretynyd, HD.—AS. brytnian, to distribute, dispense.

Britoner, sb. a man of Brittany, a Frenchman, P; Brytonere, P; see Brutiner.

Briȝt, adj. bright, S, PP; bricht, S; brict, S; briht, S; brigt, S; bryht, S2; bryȝt, S2; brihtre, comp., S; briȝter, S; brictest, superl., S.—AS. beorht.

Briȝte, adv. brightly, MD; bryghte, C2.

Briȝtnesse, sb. brightness, W2; brichtnesse, S; brihtnesse, S; brictnesse, S.—AS. beorhtnes.

Brocage, a treaty by an agent, PP; brokages, pl., P.—OF. brocage, ‘exprime l’idée de ruse et de perfidie’ (Godefroy).

Broche, sb. brooch, match, spear, spit, MD; brouch, S2; broch, C; broches, pl., C2, PP.—OF. broche.

Brochen, v. to spur, pierce through, put on the spit, broach a cask, MD; brochede, pt. s., S2, PP.—OF. brocher, Prov. brocar.

Brocket, sb. a stag in its second or third year, HD, MD, Cotg.; broket, MD; brokkettis, pl., S3.—Cp. OF. brocart (Cotg.).

Brocour, sb. broker, P; brokour, P.—AF. abrocour; Low Lat. abrocatorem (Ducange), from abrocare, to broach a cask, from broca. See Broche.

Brod, adj. broad, S, S2, PP; brood, C; braid, S3; brode, C, PP; brade, S, S2, H; broddeste, superl., W2.—AS. brád.

Brode, adv. broadly, wide awake, C3; widely, PP; broode, broadly, plainly, C.

Brode, sb. brood, S, Prompt.—Cp. OHG. bruot (Weigand).

Broiden; see Brayden.

Brok, sb. brock, badger, Prompt.; broc, W; brockes, pl., P; brokkys, PP.—AS. broc; OIr. brocc.

Brok, sb. brook, PP; broke, P.—AS. bróc.

Brol, sb. a brat, child, MD, S3, PP; brolle, P; brawl, ND.—Cp. Low Lat. brollus, ‘miserculus’ (Prompt., p. 50).

Brond; see Brand.

Broð, adj. violent, MD; braþ, MD; braith, JD.—Icel. bráðr. Cf. Brað.

Broþeful, adj. violent, MD; braithful, JD.

Brothel, sb. a wretch, PP, MD, HD; brothell, Palsg.

Broþeliche, adv. violently, MD; broþely, hastily, quickly, S2; braithly, JD.

Broðer, sb. brother, PP; gen. s., C2; broðere, pl., S; breðere, S; brethir, S3; breðre, S; briðere, S; bretheren, C2, PP.—AS. bróðor.

Broðer-hed, sb. brotherhood, MD; bretherhede, C; britherhed, W; britherhod, W.

Broðer-rede, sb. fraternity, MD (p. 354).—AS. bróðorrǽden.

Brouded, pp. braided, C2; see Brayden.

Broudster, sb. embroiderer, JD.

Broudyng, sb. embroidery; browdyng, C, CM.

Brouken, v. to use, enjoy, eat, PP, C, G; bruken, S; breken, S; brooke, to endure, S3; bruc, imp. s. use, S; ibroken, pp., S.—AS. brúcan, pt. bréac (pl. brucon), pp. brocen.

Broun, adj. brown, C, PP; brun, sb. brown horn, S.—AS. brún.

Bru-; see Bry-, Bri-, Brou-.

Brugge; see Brigge.

Bruk, sb. locust (= bruchus), W2, H; bruyk, H.—Gr. βροῦχος, βροῦκος.

Brune, sb. burning, S, MD; brene, S2.—AS. bryne.

Brunie, sb. corslet, coat of mail, S; brinie, MD; brini, HD, MD; burne, MD; bryniges, pl., S; brenyes, HD.—Icel. brynja: Goth. brunjo; cp. AS. byrne.

Brurd; see Brerd.

Brusten; see Bresten.

Brut, sb. Briton; Bruttes, pl., S.

Brutayne, sb. Brittany, S2.

Brutil; see Britel.

Brutiner, sb. a man of Brittany, a Frenchman, a swaggerer, PP; Brytonere, P; Britoner, P.

Brutnen, v. to hew in pieces, MD; bruttenet, pp. slain, S2; see Britnen.

Bryche, adj. reduced, poor, S2.—AS. bryce, frail.

Bryd-ale, sb. marriage-feast, MD; bridale, P, W; bredale, S; bruydale, P; brudale, S.—AS. brýd-ealo, a bride-ale, bride-feast.

Bryde, sb. bride, domiduca, Voc., PP; brede, PP; bruyd, CM; brud, MD, S; brid, MD.—AS. brýd: OS. brúd; cp. OHG. brút (Otfrid).

Bryde-gome, sb. bridegroom, MD; bredgume, S; brudgume, MD.—AS. brýdguma (brédguma); cp. OHG. brútigomo (Otfrid).

Bryk, sb. misery, calamity, MD; brike, C2; bruche, injury, MD.—AS. bryce.

Bryllyn; see Birlen.

Brymme, sb. margin, shore, S, MD.—AS. brim, surf, the sea; cp. Icel. brim.

Bryn-ston, sb. sulphur, Voc., PP, S2; brymston, W2; bremstoon, C, PP; brimstoon, C3; brunstan, H.—Cp. Icel. brennisteinn.

Brystylle, sb. bristle, Prompt., Voc.; berstles, pl., C.—From AS. byrst: OHG. burst.

Bryttlynge, sb. breaking up, S3. See Britel.

Bu-; see Bou-, Bo-.

Budele, sb. beadle, officer, PP; budeles, pl., S; beodeles, S2.—AS. bydel; cp. OHG. butil. Cf. Bedel.

Bue, Buð; see Ben.

Bulde, pt. s. built, C; see Bilden.

Buggen, v. to buy, S, S2, PP; see Biggen.

Bugle, sb. wild ox, S2, Prompt.; bugill, S3; bowgle, S3; bugle, buffalo-horn, bugle, MD.—OF. bugle; Lat. buculum (acc.).

Builen, v. to boil, S2; buylith, pr. s., W2; buylyng, pr. p., PP; buyliden, pt. pl., W2.—OF. buillir; Lat. bullire.

Bule, sb. boil, PP; bilis, pl., W; byles, PP; boilus, PP.—AS. býle; cp. G. beule (Weigand).

Bule; see Bole.

Bulle, sb. bull, papal rescript, P; bille, PP; petition, PP; bylle, PP.—Lat. bulla, boss, stud, hence Late Lat. bulla, seal, document with seal; see Ducange.

Bulten, v. to boult, sift, C, Prompt.; boulte, Palsg.; bultedd, pp., S.—OF. buleter, bureter, to sift through coarse cloth, from bure, coarse cloth; Late Lat. burra; see Ducange (s.v. buratare).

Bult-pele, sb. a sifter, Voc.

Bumbase, v. to quilt with bombast, i.e. cotton wadding, Florio (p. 234a); bumbast, pr. pl., S3.—From Milanese bombás; Low Lat. bombacem, cotton; from Gr. βόμβυξ.

Bummen, v. to taste, take a draught, MD; bummede, pt. s. tasted, S2, P.

Bun, pp. prepared, S2, MD; see Boun.

Bunchen, v. to strike, MD, Prompt.; bonchede, pt. s., S2; bonched, P.

Bunden; see Binden.

Bur, sb. wind, storm, force, impetus, MD; bir, MD; birr, HD; hire, dat., W, MD; birre, W; byrre, HD.—Icel. byrr, wind, storm.

Bur, sb. the broad ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a tilting-spear, S3; burr, HD.

Burde, sb. maiden, virgin, lady, S, S2, PP; birde, P; berde, PP; buirde, PP; buyrde, S2, PP; see Bryde.

Burden, sb. burden, Manip.; see Burðene.

Burdenous, adj. burdensome, S3.

Burdon, sb. mule; burdones, pl., MD; burdowns, MD.—Lat. burdonem (Vulg.).

Burdoun, sb. droning sound, bass, MD, C.—OF. bourdon, a drone, the humming of bees, the drone of a bag-pipe (Cotg.).

Bureth, v. it behoves, MD; birrþ, pr. s., S; burth, MD; birs, MD; bers, MD; birrde, pt. s., S; bird, S2, MD; burd, MD.—AS. ge-byrian; cp. OHG. gi-burren, to happen (Otfrid).

Burgage, sb. an estate held of a lord of a borough; burgages, pl., P; borgages, PP.—Low Lat. burgagium; OF. bourgage (Cotg.).

Burgeis, sb. burgess, MD; burgeys, C, CM; burgeis, pl., S2, P; burgeyses, P.—OF. burgeis; Low Lat. burgensis.

Burgh, sb. borough, town, fortress, shelter, MD; burghe, PP, CM; borghe, PP; borw, PP; borugh, PP; borowe, PP; borh, S; burch, S; burh, S; bureh, MD, S; biri, MD, S; berie, S; borwȝ, S2; borwes, pl., PP, MD.—AS. burh; gen. byrig.

Buriel, sb. tomb, S2; buryel, S2; biriel, W; biryel, S2; buriels, pl. the Catacombs, C3; biriels, W2; birielis, W.—AS. byrgels.

Burien, v. to bury, MD, S, PP; birien, MD, W2; berien, C3; bery, MD, C3; byrien, S; i-burred, pp., S2.—AS. byrigan.

Burien, sb. grave, MD; berien, S.—AS. byrgen.

Burinisse, sb. burial-place, MD; berynes, H.—AS. byrignes.

Burjoun, sb. burgeon, bud, MD; burioyn, H; burgon, HD; burgionys, pl., S3; burioyns, H.—OF. borjon, in Cotg. bourgeon.

Burjounen, v. to bud, MD; buriowne, W2; burgionys, pr. s., S3; borgouneȝ, pr. pl., S2; burioneþ, PP; burionand, pr. p., H; buriownynge, W.

Burn, sb. man, S2, HD; burne, S2; see Bern.

Burne, sb. spring of water, MD, S; bourne, S2; borne, S2; burn, stream, S2.—AS. burna.

Burnen, v. to burnish, MD; burned, pp., C; borned, S3.—OF. brunir, to burnish, polish, to make brown (Cotg.). See SkD. p. 789.

Burnet, adj. brown, S3.—OF. brunet, brownish (Cotg.).

Burnet, sb. cloth of brown colour, CM, MD.—OF. brunette (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. brunetum.

Burðene, sb. burden, MD; birthin, W; birthun, W2; burden, Manip.—AS. byrðen.

Busch, sb. bush, wood, W, W2, MD; buysch, W; busk, the head or tuft of a stalk of wheat, S; bush, S2, MD; boske, S2; boskez, pl., S2.

Buschement, sb. ambush, MD; busshement, S3. Cp. OF. en-buschement, an ambuscade NED, (s.v. ambushmenf).

Busken, v. to prepare oneself, to get ready, to go, to hasten, to prepare, dress, MD, H, S2, P; buschen, S2; bosken, S2. Icel. búask (reflex.), to get oneself ready.

Buskinge, sb. equipment, dress, MD, S3; bosking, MD.

Busteous, adj. noisy, S3; buystous, W; see Boistous.

Busy, adj. busy, MD; bisi, S, W2; bisie, S; bisy, C2, P; besy, C.—AS. bysig.

Busyen, v. to busy, occupare, MD; bisien, C3, S2, W.

Busynesse, sb. business, activity, care, industry, MD, C, C3; bisinesse, C3; besynesse, S3; besynes, H; bisynesses, pl., W2.

Buþ; see Ben.

Buþ; see Biggen.

Buuen, prep. and adv. above, S; buue, S; boue, MD; bufon, S.—AS. be-ufan.

Buxum, adj. obedient, ready, willing, courteous, PP; boxum, S2, PP; buxom, CM; buhsum, S. See Bowen.

Buxumliche, adv. obediently, PP; boxumly, S2; buxomly, C2.

Buxumnesse, sb. obedience, PP; buxomnes, P; boxumnes, S2.

By-, prefix. See Bi- words.

By, Bi, prep. by, at, according to, S, S2, with regard to, PP, S, S2, S3; bie, S; be S, S2. Phr.: by and by, adv. immediately, S3; in order, separately, C, Prompt., MD.

By, v. to dwell, build, C2; see Biggen.

Bye, v. to buy, S2; by, C3; see Biggen.

Byggyng, sb. building, S2.

Byȝe; see Beiȝ.

C.

C-; see also under K.

Caas, sb. case, circumstance, chance, C; kas, S2; cass, S3; cas, S2, C2.—AF. cas; Lat. casum (acc.), a fall, from cadere, to fall.

Caas, sb. case, quiver, C; see Casse.

Caban, sb. hut, small room, MD, PP; cabin, MD.—OF. cabane; cp. Low Lat. cabanna, capanna; see Brachet.

Cabine, sb. a shed made of boughs, Cotg. (s.v. cabane); cabin, small enclosed place, Sh.

Cabinet, sb. small shed, arbour, S3.—OF. cabinet, an arbour in a garden, Cotg.; cp. It. cabinetto (Florio).

Cacchen, v. to catch, to chase, MD, C3, P; katchen, MD; kecchen, MD; chacche, S2; chacen, MD; chaci, MD; caucht, S3; cacces, pr. s., S2; cahte, pt. s., MD; caȝte, S2; caughte, C2; cauȝt, MD; cought, MD; caght, MD; cahten, pl., MD; keiȝt, MD; caht, pp. MD; kauȝt, W2.—OF. cachier, cacier (also chacier, chasser); Late Lat. captiare, from Lat. captare, freq. of capere, to take, to hold; see Constans.

Cache-pol, sb. a tax-gatherer, constable, bailiff, MD, PP; cahchpolle, Prompt.; catchepollis, pl., W.—AF. cacchepole, OF. chacepol, chassipole; cp. Low Lat. cachepollus, cacepollus, chacepollus, chassipullus. The form cacepollus is met with in the Leges Ethelredi, see Schmid and Ducange. The word probably meant at first the officer who collected from the tenant the fowls (pullos) paid as rent.

Cacherel, sb. an inferior officer of justice, MD; kachereles, pl., S2.—OF. cacherel; cp. Low Lat. cacherellus.

Cæse; see Chese.

Cæste, sb. dat. chest, S; see Chest.

Caf, sb. chaff, H; see Chaf.

Caitif, adj. and sb. captive, miserable wretch, MD, W, C3, H; caytif, C2; caytiue, P; caitifes, pl., S3; caytiues, S3; kaytefes, S2.—AF. caitif; Prov. captiu; Lat. captiuum (acc.); see Brachet (s.v. chétif).

Caitifte, sb. wretchedness, S2, W, W2, H; caytefte, S2.—OF. caitivete; Lat. captiuitatem.

Calabre, sb. Calabrian fur, P, S2 (p. 200); NQ. (5. 12. 232); calabere, P (n). Comb.: calaber amyse, a person wearing an amice trimmed with calabre, P (n).

Cald; see Cold.

Calengen, v. to accuse, to charge, W2; see Chalengen.

Calewe, adj. bald, without hair, MD, S2.—AS. calwo-, stem of calu; cp. OHG. chalo (gen. chálawes), and Lat. caluus.

Caliz, sb. chalice, S, MD, SkD; chalis, MD; chalys, Voc.; calice, dat. S, SkD.—OF. caliz; Lat. calix; also OF. calice; Lat. calicem.

Calle, sb. a caul, net for the hair (worn by women), MD, CM, SkD (s.v. caul).

Callen, v. to call, S, C2; kalle, MD, S2.—AS. ceallian; cp. Icel. kalla.

Callour, adj. cool, fresh, healthy, JD, S3; caller, JD; cauler, JD.

Calme, adj. calm, MD.—OF. calme (Cotg.), It. calma (Florio); Low Lat. cauma, heat (Vulg.); Gr. καῦμα.

Calmen, v. to become calm, MD; cawmyt, pp., S3.—OF. calmer; to quiet.

Cal-stocke, sb., cabbage-stalk, S3; calstok, Voc.; calstoke, Palsg.; castock, JD; custoc, JD. See Cole.

Camamelle, sb. camomile, Voc.; camemille, Voc.; camamyle, Prompt.; cammamyll, Palsg.; camomylle, MD; cammamyld, S3; camamy, Voc.—Late Lat. camamilla; Gr. χαμαίμηλον.

Camel, sb. camel, MD; camelle, Prompt.; camaille, C2; chamelle, Prompt.; chamayle, MD.—OF. camel; Lat. camelum (acc.); Gr. κάμηλος; Heb. gāmāl.

The regular OF. equivalent for Lat. camēlum was chameil. In OF. camel the termination -el is due to analogy with French forms derived from -ālem. See BH, § 43.

Cameline, sb. camlet, MD.—OF. cameline; Low Lat. camelinum.

Camelot, sb. camlet, SkD; chamelot, S3; chamlet, Cotg.—OF. camelot (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. camelotum.

Cammamyld, sb. camomile, S3; see Camamelle.

Camp, sb. contest, MD; comp, S; kemp, JD; kampe, dat., MD.—AS. camp (comp); cp. Icel. kapp.

Campe, adj. See Kempe.

Campen, v. to contend, contest, esp. at foot-ball, MD, Prompt.—AS. campian.

Campynge, sb. pedipiludium, game of foot-ball, Prompt.

Can, pr. s. can, knows, S, S2. Phr.: can þanc, S; see Kunnen.

Canceler, sb. chancellor, S; see Chaunceler.

Candel, sb. candle, MD; kandel, S; candlen, pl. S2.—AS. candel (condel); Lat. candela; cp. Icel. kyndill, candle, torch.

Candel-messe, sb. Candlemass, MD; candel-masse, dat., S, S2.—Cp. Icel. kyndill-messa, in Church Lat. candelaria, the feast of the Purification.

Canelle, sb. cinnamon, S2, Voc., Cath. (n); canylle, Cath.; canel, W, W2.—AF. canelle; Late Lat. canella, cinnamon, also, a reed (Ducange), from Lat. canna. See Canne.

Canevas, sb. canvas, C3; canvas, Voc.; canwas, Voc.—AF. canevas, canevace; Late Lat. canabacius, hempen cloth; from OF. canve (F. chanvre), hemp; Late Lat. cannabum, Lat. cannabis; Gr. κᾶνναβις.

Cang, adj. foolish, lustful, MD; canges, sb. gen., fool’s, S; kanges, pl., MD. See PP; Notes, (p. 241).

Cangen, v. to befool, MD.

Cang-liche, adv. foolishly, MD.

Cang-schipe, sb. foolishness, MD.

Canker, sb. cancer, a disease, MD, W; cankyr, Voc.; cankere, Voc.—Lat. cancer, crab, an eating tumour, also, in pl. cancri, lattice-work.

Cankerd, pp. corrupted, S3.

Canne, sb. cane, reed, MD; cane, Voc.—Lat. canna; Gr. κάννα, κάννη, cane, reed; Heb. qāneh.

Canne, sb. can, MD, W; cane, Voc. Cp. Late Lat. canna, a measure for liquids; see Weigand (s.v. Kanne).

Canon, sb. a rule, MD, PP; canoun, MD; canon-law, PP.—Lat. canon; Gr. κανών, a rule, standard, from κάνη, κάννη, a cane, reed. See Canne.

Canonisen, v. to admit into the canon of the Mass, to canonize, MD; to consecrate, admit to the dignity of the papacy, MD.—Late Lat. canonizare.

Canonistres, sb. pl. men skilled in canon-law or ecclesiastical law, PP.—OF. canoniste; Late Lat. canonista.

Canoun, sb. a canon of a chapter, MD; kanun, S; chanoun, S, Voc., C3, G; chanon, C3.—OF. canone, canoine (chanoine); Church Lat. canonicum (acc.) one on the church-roll or list (canon).

Church Lat. canonicus did not mean originally ‘one on the church-roll or list,’ but one who was bound to observe a certain rule of life (canon, κανών). OF. chanoine is not the precise equivalent of canonicum, but represents a Latin type *canonium. See Scheler’s Dict. (ed. 3).

Cant, adj. lively, brave, cheerful, MD, S2, JD.

Cant, sb. a portion, S3; corner, SkD, ND.—OF. cant; cp. It. canto, corner (Florio).

Cantel, sb. edge, piece, bit, MD, C, Prompt., Palsg.; kantel, MD; cantle, Sh., ND.—OF. cantel (F. chanteau).

Caper-cailye, sb. capercailyie, JD.—Ir. capull-coille, lit., the horse of the forest. See Capul.

Capitain, sb. captain, C2; capitayne, S3.—OF. capitain; Late Lat. capitaneum (acc.) captain, from Lat. caput.—Cf. Cheuetayn.

Capitle, sb. the sum, the chief point, W; see Chapitre.

Cappe, sb. cap, MD; keppen, pl., S.

Capret, sb. a wild goat, W2; capretis, pl., W2.—Late Lat. capretus; cp. F. chevrette.

Capul, sb. horse, nag, MD, Prompt., PP, HD; capil, MD; capel, C3; caple, MD, PP, HD.—Icel. kapall; Lat. caballus; cp. Ir. capull, Wel. ceffyl.

Caracter, sb. a mark, sign, character, W; carecter, W; carracte, Palsg.; carecte, PP; carect, W; caractes, pl., HD; carectes, PP.—Lat. character; Gr. χαρακτήρ, an engraved mark; cp. Prov. caracta.

Carayne, sb. carrion, S2; see Caroigne.

Carboncle, sb. a precious stone, MD; carbokyl, Voc.; charboncle, MD; charbucle, MD; charbocle, C2.—OF. carboncle (carboucle, charboucle); Lat. carbunculum (acc.).

Carde, sb. teasel, Prompt.;—OF. carde; Late Lat. cardum (acc.), from Lat. carduus, thistle.

Carden, v. to card wool, MD, Prompt., S3.—OF. carder, It. cardare (Florio).

Cardiacle, sb. pain about the heart, PP, Cath. (n.), C3; cardyacle, Prompt.; cardiakylle, Cath., Voc.; cardiake, Cath.—OF. cardiaque, a malady of the heart (Cotg.); Late Lat. cardiaca, ‘cordis passio’; Gr. καρδιακός, from καρδία, the heart. For the intrusion of l see Cronique.

Care, sb. grief, S, C3, G; cayr, S3; kare, S2.—AS. cearu: OS. kara; cp. OHG. chara.

Care-full, adj. full of grief, S3, C; karful, S2; carefullich, adv. anxiously, P; carfuli, S2.

Caren, v. to be anxious, MD; karien, S; cared, pt. s., G; pl., P.—AS. cearian.

Carf, pt. s. cut, C2; see Keruen.

Carited, sb. charity, S; see Charitee.

Cark, Carke; see Charge.

Carl, sb. a man, rusticus, colonus, maritus, MD, C3.—Icel. karl; cp. OHG. karl (Otfrid).

Carl-man, sb. a man; carman, MD; caremane, MD; carlmen, pl., S.—Icel. karlmaðr (karmaðr), a man, male.

Carme, sb. a Carmelite friar; karmes, pl., S3.—OF. Carme (Bartsch); from Church Lat. Carmelus; Heb. Carmel, ‘cultivated land.’

Caroigne, sb. carrion, MD, PP, C; caroyne, MD, PP; caroin, S2; careyne, MD, PP; careyn, W2; carayne, MD, S2; caraing, MD; karyun, H; carion, MD; caren, MD; karyn, MD; careyns, pl. W.—OF. caroigne (F. charogne); cp. It. carogna; from Lat. caro, flesh. See Crone.

Carole, sb. a round dance, singing, MD; karole, a chain, MD; caroles, pl., C; carolles, MD.—OF. carole (carolle); It. caróla, a dance, song (Florio); Low Lat. carola, karola, a dancing, also, a chain (of pearls), see Ducange; Lat. corolla, a wreath; dimin. of corona.—ALM. For another account of this word see SkD.

Carolen, v. to dance in a ring, to sing, MD, PP.

Carolinge, sb. carolling, C3.

Carpen, v. to talk, to speak, to say, MD, C, S3; to rebuke, S3; carpede, pt. s., S2; carped, S2, P.—Icel. karpa, to boast.

Carpyng, sb. talking, P.

Carre, sb. car, cart, Prompt.; charre, MD; chare, Voc., S3, W; schare, carpentum, Voc.; char, S2, S3, C, C2; chaar, MD; charis, pl., W, W2, H.—OF. carre, also car (char); Lat. carrum (acc.). A Celtic word, cp. OIr. carr (Windisch).

Carry, v. carro vehere, to carry, MD; carien, C2; to drive, ride, travel, S2; y-caried, C2.—AF. carier (OF. charier, charroier); Late Lat. carricare (carrigare), see Duncange. See Chargen.

Carte, sb. chariot, cart, MD; kart, H (Ps. 67. 18).

Cary, sb. a rough material, S3; see Cauri-mawry.

Casse, sb. box, chest, cover, Prompt.; kace, Prompt.; caas, C.—OF. casse (AF. chasse); Lat. capsa; cp. Gr. κάψα.

Cast, sb. a throw, plan, intention, plot, MD, C, G; caste, P; kastis, pl., H.—Icel. kast.

Castel, sb. village, small town (= castellum), W; castels, pl., camp (= castra), W2; kastels, H (Ps. 77. 32).—Late Lat. castellum, village (Vulg.), Lat. castellum, fortress.

Castel, sb. castle, S.—OF. castel (chastel). See above.

Castel-weorces, sb. pl. fortifications, S, MD.

Casten, v. to cast, throw, to consider, imagine, purpose, design, S, S2, S3, C; kasten, MD, H; kesten, MD, S2; caste, pt. s., MD, S2, S3, C2, C3, G; kast, S2; kest, S3; casten, pl., P, W; kesten, S2, W; castiden, W; casten, pp., MD, C2; i-cast, S; y-cast, C3; ikest, S2; kest, S2; cast, C3. Phr.: caste tornes, tried tricks, G.—Icel. kasta.

Castyng, sb. a vomiting, W.

Cat, sb. cat, Voc., MD; catt, Voc.; kat, S.

Catapuce, sb. name of a purgative plant, euphorbia, C; catapus, CM.—OF. catapuce (petite), garden spurge (Cotg.); Low Lat. catapotium, ‘medicamentum quod non diluitur, pillula’ (Ducange); Gr. καταπότιον, that can be gulped down, a pill, from πότος, drink. Cp. Low Lat. cathapucia, ‘semen spurgie,’ SB.

Cat-cluke, sb. trefoil, S3, JD; catluke, JD; ketelokes, pl., H (Ps. 36. 2).

Catel, sb. capital, property, wealth, CM, MD, S2, C2, C3, W; kateyl, S2; catelle, S2; catele, S2; chatel, MD; chetel, MD.—OF. catel, chatel; Late Lat. captale, capitale, property, principal; from Lat. capitalis, from caput, the head.

Catour, sb. a buyer of provisions, caterer, Palsg., G; cater, S3.—OF. acateur, buyer, from acater (F. acheter), achapter; Late Lat. accaptare.

Caucion, sb. security, surety, account, MD; caucioun, W.—Lat. cautionem, security, bond, warranty, from cautus, pp. of cauere, to be on one’s guard.

Caudron, sb. cauldron, W2.—AF. caudron, OF. chaudron. See Chaud.

Cauri-maury, sb. the name of a coarse rough material, PP; caurimauri, S2; kaurymaury, PP; cawrymawry, PP (n.). Cf. Cary.

Cautele, sb. caution, deceit, MD, Prompt.; cawtele, S3; cautel, ND, Sh.—OF. cautele (cautelle); Lat. cautela.

Cautelous, adj. sly, deceitful, MD, ND, Sh.; cautelouse, W2.—OF. cautelos; Late Lat. cautelosum (Ducange).

Cavell, v. to divide by lot, JD; see Keuel.

Cawmyt, pp. calmed, S3; see Calmen.

Caȝte; see Cacchen.

Cedre, sb. cedar, MD, W2 (Job 40. 12); cedres, pl., S2.—AF. cedre; Lat. cedrum (acc.); Gr. κέδρος.

Cedyr-tre, sb. cedar-tree, Voc.; sydyre-tre, Voc.

Ceelen, v. to line the walls or roof of a room, Prompt., MD; selyn, Prompt.; seeled, pp., WW (s.v. cieled).

Ceinte, sb. girdle, MD; seynt, C.—OF. ceinte; Lat. cincta, pp. f. of cingere.

Celer, sb. cellar, promptuarium, Prompt., W (Lu. 12. 24), MD; celler, MD; seller, G; selleer, G; celere, dat. S, H; celeris, pl., W2; selers, W2.—AF. celer, OF. celier; Lat. cellarium.

Celerer, sb. cellarer, C2.

Celicall, adj. heavenly, S3.

Celle, sb. cell, a religious house, C, C2; selle, C; selles, pl., P.—OF. celle; Lat. cella.

Celure, sb. canopy, ceiling; see Selure.

Cementing, sb. hermetically sealing, C3. See Syment.

Cendal, sb. a fine stuff (linen or silk), S, MD; sendal, PP, ND, C; cendel, MD, HD, Prompt.; sendel, PP, H; = Lat. sindon, W, Voc.; cendell, Palsg.; sendalle, Cath.; sendylle, sandalium, sindo, Cath.—OF. and AF. cendal (cp. Low Lat. cendalum, sendalum); perhaps an adaptation of Gr. σινδών, orig. Indian muslin, from Skt. Sindhu, India.

Centaure, sb. centaury, name of a plant, C; centorye, Alph.—OF. centaure; Lat. centaurea, centaureum; Gr. κενταύρειον, from κένταυρος, a centaur.

Ceptre, sb. sceptre, C2, MD, Palsg.; ceptyr, Prompt.; ceptire, H (Ps, 44. 8).—AF. ceptre; Lat. sceptrum; Gr. σκῆπτρον, staff.

Cerchen, v. to search, MD; cergyn, Prompt.; serchen, MD; sherch, S3; seirsand, pr. p., S3; sherched, pt. pl., S3.—OF. cercher (sercher); Lat. circare, to go round, from circus, a circle.

Cercle, sb. circle, MD, C; sercle, Prompt., W2.—OF. cercle; Lat. circulum (acc.), dimin. of circus.

Cerclen, v. to circle, MD; sirculit, pp., S3.—OF. cercler; Lat. circulare.

Circulat, adj. revolving, S3.

Cere, v. to cover with wax, SkD, C3; cered, pp. shrouded in waxed cloth, SkD.—Lat. cerare, to wax, from cera, wax.

Cere-cloth, sb. waxed linen (for dead bodies), Sh.; searcloth, SkD.

Cerements, sb. pl. (see above), Sh.

Cerge, sb. wax taper, MD; serge, MD, JD, Cath.; cerges, pl., S.—OF. cerge, cierge; Late Lat. ceria, fem. from Lat. cereus, from cera, wax.

Cerial, adj. sacred to Ceres, C.—Lat. Cerialis, Cerealis.

Ceriously, adv. minutely, with full details, S2, C3; see Seryowsly.

Certes, adv. certainly, S, C2, C3; sertes, S2, PP; certis, S3, P.—OF. certes, (Constans): OSp. certas; Lat. certas, pl. f. of certus, certain.

Ceruse, sb. ceruse, white lead, with which women painted their faces, MD; ceruce, C.—OF. ceruse (Cotg.); Lat. cerussa; cp. Gr. κηρωτόν, a cerate or salve used as a cosmetic, from κηρός, bees-wax.

Cessen, v. to cease, C2, C3; cesen, MD.—AF. cesser; Lat. cessare.

Cetewale, sb. zedoary, a root resembling ginger, MD, C2, Prompt., SB; setewale, MD, HD; setwale, Prompt.; setuale, Prompt.; sedewale, MD; sedwale, MD; zedewale, Alph.—AF. cetewale, OF. citoual, citouart; Low Lat. zedoarium; Arab. jadwár (from the Persian).

Ceðen, sb. pl. countries, S; see Cuððe.

Chaf, sb. chaff, straw, MD; chaff, MD; chaffe, W, Prompt.; chef, MD; caf, H; cafe, H.—AS. ceaf.

Chaffare, sb. business, selling, merchandise, S2, C2, C3; chaffar, C3; chafare, S; cheffare, S; chapfare, MD; cheapfare, MD.—AS. céap + faru, a journey, business; cp. Icel. kaupför.

Chaffaren, v. to chaffer, S2, C3, P, W.

Chaflet, sb. a small stage or platform, S3, HD.—A dimin. of OF. chafaut, chaffaut, see Ducange (s.v. chaaffallum). See Skaffaut.

Chaine, sb. chain; chayne, MD; cheyne, Prompt., C2; chyne, MD.—AF. chaine (cheine); OF. chaäine, cadene; Lat. catena.

Chaire, seat, chair, MD; chayere, MD; chaier, W2; chaere, S, MD.—AF. chaiëre, chayëre, seat, throne; Lat. cathedra; Gr. καθέδρα.

Chald, adj. cold, S; see Cold.

Chalenge, sb. false claim, accusation, claim, MD, W2; calenge, MD; chalaunge, MD.—AF. chalenge, chalange, OF. calenge; Lat. calumnia.

Chalengen, v. to accuse, charge, claim, MD, W, S2, P; chalange, H; calengynge, pr. p., W2; chalangede, pt. s., S2; chalanged, pp. accused, P.—AF. chalenger, chalanger, ‘calumniate.’

Chalengere, sb. accuser, W2.

Chamber, sb. chamber, MD; chambur, MD; schambyr, Voc.; chambre, C2, C3, PP; chombre, MD; chaumbre, MD, PP; chawmere, MD; chamer, Voc.; chalmer, S3.—AF. chambre; Lat. camera.

Chamberere, sb. handmaid, MD, S2, C2; chambrere, MD; chomberier, MD.—OF. chamberiere.

Chamberling, sb. chamberlain; chaumberling, MD; chamberlein, MD; schamberleyne, Voc.; chamberlayn, MD; chamerlane, Voc.—OF. chambrelenc (cp. It. camerlengo in Florio); OHG. chamarlinc; Lat. camera + OHG. -linc. On the suffix see SkD.

Chamelle; see Camel.

Chamelot, sb. camlet, S3; see Camelot.

Champaine, adj. and sb. level, level country, CM, S3.—AF. champaigne.

Champartie, sb. share in land, partnership in power, C; chanpartye, S3.—OF. champart, field-rent, see Cotg.; Lat. campi partem.

Champion, sb. a fighter in the duel, a champion, MD; champioun, C, G.—AF. champion; Late Lat. campionem.

Chan-; see Chaun-.

Chanoun; see Canoun.

Chape, sb. the locket of a scabbard, Cotg., Cath.; schape, Cath. (n.).—OF. chappe (Cotg.).

Chapele, sb. chapel, S, MD; chapelle, MD; schapelle, Voc.—AF. chapele, OF. capele; Church Lat. capella.

Chapelein, sb. chaplain, MD; chapeleyne, MD, C; chapeleyns, pl., S2.—AF. chapelein; Church Lat. capellanus.

Chapiter, sb. the capital of a column, SkD.—OF. chapitel; Lat. capitellum, dimin. of caput.

Chapitre, sb. a chapter, division of a book, a meeting of clergy, MD, PP; chapiter, S3; chapitere, PP; chapitle, PP; chapitele, PP; capitle, summary, W.—OF. chapitre, chapitle; Lat. capitulum, dimin. of caput.

Chapitre-hous, sb. chapter-house, PP; chapitel-hous, PP.

Chapman, sb. merchant, C, PP; chapmon, S2, PP; chepmon, S; chapmen, pl., S, S2, C3, PP.—AS. céapman.

Chapmanhode, sb. trade, S2, C3.

Chapolory, sb. a kind of scarf, S3; see Scaplorye.

Char, Chare, sb. car, S3; see Carre.

Charbocle, sb. carbuncle (stone), C2; see Carboncle.

Charen, v. to turn, S; see Cherren.

Charge, sb. a load, injunction, responsibility, MD, S2, C3, C, W; charche, MD; carke, S3; karke, MD; cark, MD, G.—AF. charge, also kark.

Chargen, v. to put a load on, to enjoin, MD, S2; to care for, W, W2; charchyng, pr. p., S3; y-charged, pp., S2; charged, S2.—AF. charger; OF. cargier; Late Lat. carricare. See Carry.

Chargeouse, adj. burdensome, W; chariouse, W2.

Charitee, sb. charity, C2; charyte, S2; charite, MD, S2, G; carited, S; kariteþ, MD.—AF. charite, OF. caritet, Prov. caritat; Lat. caritatem. Cf. Cherte.

Chariȝ, adj. sad, S.—AS. cearig; cp. OS. karag. See Care.

Charnel, sb. charnel-house, P, SkD.—AF. charnel, carnel; Lat. carnalem.

Chartre, sb. prison, S, MD.—OF. chartre, Ps. 141. 7; Lat. carcerem, see Brachet. For tr from original cr, compare OF. veintre; Lat. vincere.

Chartre, sb. charter, S, PP.—AF. chartre; Lat. chartula, dimin. of charta.

Chase, sb. hunting, pursuit, also, hunting-ground, MD; chas, MD; chays, S3.—AF. chace, hunting-ground.

Chaser, sb. hunter (horse), chaser, MD; chaseris, pl., S2.

Chastelet, sb. little castle, domain, P.—OF. chastelet (Cotg.). See Castel.

Chasteleyne, sb. castellan, MD.—AF. chasteleyn.

Chastien, v. to chastise, MD, S; chaste, S2, C2, P.—AF. chastier, OF. castier; Lat. castigare.

Chastisen, v. to chastise, MD; chastyse, C2.

Chastyng, sb. chastisement, P.

Chaud, adj. hot, S2, PP.—OF. chaud, chald; Late Lat. caldum; from Lat. calidus.

Chaunce, sb. chance, S2, C2, C3; cheance, MD; cheaunce, MD; chans, MD; chance, S3.—OF. cheance; Late Lat. cadentia, a falling, from cadere.

Chauncel, sb. chancel, Prompt.; chauncell, Palsg.; chawnsylle, Voc.—OF. chancel; Late Lat. cancellus, chancel, screen; cp. Lat. cancetti, pl., latticework, dimin. of cancri, lattice work, from cancer, a crab. See Canker.

Chaunceler, sb. chancellor, Prompt.; chanceler, MD; cancaler, S.—AF. chanceler, OF. cancelier; Late Lat. cancellarius.

Chauncellerie, sb. chancery, MD; chancelerie, MD.—AF. chauncelerie.

Chauncerye, sb. chancery, MD.—AF. chancerie.

Chaunge, sb. change, C2.

Chaungen, v. to change, MD, S2; chaungi, S; chongen, S2; i-changet, pp., S.—AF. changer; OF. changier, cangier; Low Lat. cambiare, to barter.

Chaunger, sb. money-changer, W.

Chaungyng, sb. changing, W2.

Chaunterie, sb. chantry for singing masses for the dead, C.—AF. ckaunterie, OF. chanterie; Late Lat. cantaria, from Lat. cantare, to sing.

Chavel, sb. the jaw, MD; chavyl, MD; chawle, MD; chaul, MD; choule, MD; chol, S3; choll, MD.—AS. ceafl. See further in SkD (s.v. jowl).

Chavyl-bone, sb. jaw-bone, Prompt.; chavylbon, MD.

Che-; see Chi-.

Cheap, sb. bargain, S; see Chepe.

Cheap-ild, sb. a female trader, S. See -ild.

Chearre, v. to turn, S; see Cherren.

Cheas, pt. s. chose, S; see Chesen.

Checker, sb. exchequer, S3; see Escheker.

Cheef, sb. and adj. head, upper part, chief, MD, PP; chief, MD; cheff, PP; chef, MD; chyf, PP.—OF. chef (AF. chief) cheve; Late Lat. capum (acc.); cp. It. capo, Sp. cabo.

Cheef-mete, sb. chief meat, PP, S2.

Chees; see Chesen.

Cheest; see Chest.

Cheffare, sb. business, S; see Chaffare.

Chekelew, adj. suffocating, HD; see -lewe.

Cheken, v. to choke, suffocate, MD, Prompt., SkD. See NED (s.v. achoke).

Cheker, sb. exchequer, PP; see Escheker.

Cheld, adj. cold, S2; see Cold.

Chelde, sb. cold, PP.

Chelden, v. to grow cold, S; kelde, MD.—AS. cealdian.

Chĕle, sb. chill, S, S2; see Chil.

Chĕle, sb. throat, fur made up from the fur about the marten’s throat, S; cheole, MD; chelle, MD.—AS. ceole, the throat; cp. OHG. chĕla (G. kehle). See Merthes-chele.

Chelle, sb. bowl, incense-vessel, S.—AS. ciella (cylle), a vessel for drinking; cp. OHG. chella.

Chemys, sb. chief mansion, JD; see Chymmys.

Chene; see Chyne.

Cheosen; see Chesen.

Chepe, sb. bargain, business, MD; cheap, S. Phr.: good chepe, cheap, MD; gret chep, plenty, cheapness, MD; to good cheep, too cheaply, G.—AS. céap, business, purchase, price, also, cattle; Icel. kaup, bargain; cp. OHG. kouf (Otfrid).

Chepe, sb. Cheapside, S3, P.

Chepen, v. to transact business, buy or sell, MD, S; chepet, pp., S.—AS. céapian, to bargain.

Cheping, sb. market, W; chepynge, S2, P.—AS. céapung, trade, commerce.

Chepmon; see Chapman.

Cher, adj. dear, PP; chere, MD. Phr.: cher ouer, careful of, PP.—OF. cher; Lat. carum.

Cherarchy, sb. an assembly of holy rulers, a hierarchy, S3; yerarchy, SkD (p. 810).—OF. hierarchie; Gr. ἱεραρχία; cp. It. gerarchía, a hierarchy of angels (Florio).

Cherche, sb. church, S2, C3; see Chirche.

Chere, sb. a time, S; see Cherre.

Chere, sb. face, friendly welcome, S, MD, S2, S3, C3, G, C2; chiere, S3; cheare, S3; cheere, G; cher, S2; cheer, W; cheres, pl., wry faces, S.—AF. chere, countenance, OF. chere, head (Roland); Low Lat. cara, the face, head; Gr. κάρα; see Ducange. Cp. E. cheer.

Cheren, v. to make good cheer, to make glad, MD, Prompt., S.

Cheriche, v. to cherish, PP; cheryce, C2.—OF. cherir (pr. p. cherissant).

Cherissing, sb. cherishing, PP.

Cherl, sb. peasant, S, S2, C2, C3; chorle, Prompt.; churle, Voc.—AS. ceorl; cp. MHG. kerl. Cf. Carl.

Cherliche, adv. dearly, fondly, PP; cherli, S2. See Cher.

Cherre, sb. a turn, space of time, business, affair, job, MD; chere, S; char, MD; chore, SkD (p. 792).—AS. cerr (cirr, cyrr); cp. OHG. chér.

Cherren, v. to turn, MD; chearre, S; churren, S; charen, S; cherde, pt. pl., S.—AS. cerran (cirran); cp. OHG. kéren (Otfrid).

Cherte, sb. charity, MD: friendship, S3.—OF. cherte; Lat. caritatem. Cf. Charitee.

Cherubim, sb. pl. cherubim; cherubym, W2 (Ps. 17. 12); cherubin, S2; cherubyn, H.—Church Lat. cherubim (Vulg.); Heb. cherubim, pl. of cherub. Cp. OF. cherubins, PS. 17. 10.

Chervelle, sb. chervil, PP; cherefelle, Alph.; chiruylles, pl., PP.—AS. cærfille, (Voc.); Lat. caerifolium; Gr. χαιρέφυλλον; cp. OF. cerfueil (Cotg.).

Chery, sb. cherry, Voc.; chere, Voc.—OF. cerise; Late Lat. cerasea, adj. from cerasum, cherry; from Gr. κέρασος, cherry-tree; see Diez. Cf. Chiries.

Chesbolle, sb. a small onion, poppy-head, Voc.; chesebolle, HD; chessebolle, HD; chespolle, Voc.

Chese, sb. cheese, MD, Voc., S (18. 643); schese, Voc.; cæse, S.—OMerc. cése (OET), AS. cǽse; Lat. caseus.

Chesen, v. to choose, S, S2, C2, C3, G; cheosen, S, S2, MD; ches, imp. s., S2; chees, C3; choyss, S3; cheas, pt. s., S; ches, MD, S2; chees, MD, S2, C2, C3; chesit (weak), S3; curen, pl., MD; cusen, S; icoren, pp., S; ychose, PP; cosan, S.—AS. céosan, pt. céas (pl. curon), pp. coren.

Chesible, sb. chasuble, P; chesibylle, Voc.; chesyble, Palsg.; chesypyl, Voc.; chesypylle, Prompt.—OF. *chasible, cp. Church Lat. casibula, casubula (OF. chasuble); from casula, a sacerdotal vestment, from Lat. casa, a cottage.

Chesoun, sb. cause, account, MD; chesun, S2, H; cheson, H. See Achesoun.

Chest, sb. jangling, strife, MD, P; cheast, MD; cheaste, MD; cheste, G, S; cheestis, pl., W.—AS. céast.

Chest, sb. chest, ark, coffin, PP, MD; chæst, MD; cæste, dat., S. Cf. Kist.

Chesten, sb. chestnut-tree, Manip.; chesteyn, C, MD; cheston, Voc.—AF. chestaine, OF. chastaigne; Lat. castanea; from Gr. κάστανον.

Chesten-tre, sb. chestnut-tree, MD; chestantre, Voc.

Chesun, sb. cause, occasion, account, S2, H; see Chesoun.

Chesunabile, adj. open to an accusation, H.

Cheðen, sb. pl. countries, S; see Cuððe.

Cheuaunce, sb. gain, profit, MD.

Cheuen, v. to succeed, to attain one’s end, MD, C3, P; cheeuen, S2.—OF. chevir, from chef. See Cheef.

Cheuesance, sb. success, profit, agreement, MD, PP; cheuisaunce, agreement, bargain, PP, C.—OF. chevisance.

Cheuesen, v. to procure, to get, MD; chevisen, MD; cheviss, to achieve one’s purpose, S2; cheuyce, to lend, S3.—OF. chevir (pr. p. chevissant).

Cheuetayn, sb. captain, S2; cheueteyn, MD; cheventeyn, S2, PP, C; cheuentayn, MD, PP; chefetayn, MD; chiveteyn, MD; chiftaigne, PP.—AF. chevetayn (cheventeyn); Late Lat. capitaneum, from Lat. capit- stem of caput, head. Cf. Capitain.

Chewen, v. to chew, S, S2; cheowen, MD.—AS. céowan, pt. céaw (pl. cuwon), pp. cowen.

Cheyne, sb. chain, C2; see Chaine.

Chibolle, sb. a small kind of onion, MD, S2, P; chebole, a young onion, Palsg.; chibole, PP; schybbolle, Voc.; chesbolle, Voc.—OF. ciboule; Late Lat. caepulla from Lat. caepa, onion. Cp. It. cipolla, cyboll (Florio) and G. zwiebel, onion (Weigand).

Chiden, v. to chide, dispute, MD; chid, MD; imp. s., S; chit, pr. s., MD, C3; chidden, pt. pl., S, W.—AS. cídan, pt. cídde.

Chil, sb. chill, coolness, MD, SkD; chele, S, S2, P.—AS. ciele (Voc.), cyle.

Chilce, sb. childishness, S. Chilc; for AS. cild + s; see Sievers, 258. For the French spelling, cf. Milce.

Child, sb. child, the child of a noble house, a title of honour, young knight, S; cild, S, MD; childre, pl., S, S3; childer, MD, S, S2; cyldren, S; cheldren, S; childrene, gen., S.—AS. cild, pl. cild, also cildru, and in ONorth. cildo, cildas.

Childen, v. to bring forth children, W2.

Child-had, sb. childhood, S; childhede, dat., C2.—AS. cildhád.

Chimney, sb. furnace, oven, also, fireplace, Sh., PP (n.); chymney, W; chymneye, PP.—AF. chimenee, OF. cheminee; Late Lat. caminata, a room with a stove; from Lat. caminus, a furnace; Gr. κάμινος.

Chinche, adj. and sb. niggardly, a niggard, MD, CM; chiche, MD; chynchis, pl., H.—OF. chiche, miserable, niggardly (Cotg.): Sp. chico, small; Lat. ciccum (acc.), the core of a pomegranate, a mere trifle.

Chinchen, v. to be niggardly, Prompt.

Chincherie, sb. miserliness, Prompt.

Chirche, sb. church, S, S2, W2, PP, CM; churche, S, S2, PP; cherche, S2, C3; kirke, S, S2, P; kyrke, P, Voc., S3; kirc, S2; circe, S, Voc.; cyrce, S.—AS. cyrce; cp. OHG. kirichâ (Tatian).

Chirche-gong, sb. churching of women, S2, MD.—Cp. Icel. kirkju-ganga.

Chirche-haie, sb. cemetery, MD; chyrchehaye, Voc.

Chirche-ȝeard, sb. church-yard, MD; chyrcheȝarde, Prompt.; kyrkeȝerde, Voc.; kyrgarth, Voc.; cyrce-iærd, S.—Icel. kirkju-garðr.

Chirch-socne, sb. congregation, S.—AS. ciric-sócn (Schmid); cp. Icel. kirkju-sókn.

Chiries, sb. pl. cherries, S2, P. See Chery.

Chiri-tyme, sb. cherry-time, P.

Chirken, v. to twitter, chirp, MD, CM.

Chirkyng, sb. a grating, stridulent, hissing sound, C, CM; chyrkynge, sibilatus, Prompt.

Chirm, sb. noise of birds, MD; charm, ND; chirme, dat., S.—AS. cirm, cyrm.

Chirmen, v. to chirp and twitter, MD; cherme, Palsg.; chyrmys, pr. s., S3. See SkD (s.v. chirp), and Brugrnann, § 420.

Chisel, sb. chisel, MD; chysel, Prompt.; chyssell, S3; chesyll, MD; scheselle, Voc.; sceselle, Voc.—North F. chisel, OF. cisel, It. cesello, see SkD (p. 793).

Chit, pr. s. disputes, C3; see Chiden.

Chiteren, v. to twitter, MD, CM; to chatter, C3.

Chitering, sb. twittering, MD; chyteryng, S2.

Chivache, sb. riding, expedition, CM, MD, C3; chivachie, C; chevache, CM.—AF. chivauche, chevauchee, OF. chevalchee, from chevalchier, to ride on horseback, from cheval, horse; Lat. caballum, (acc.). See Capul.

Chiualer, sb. chevalier, knight, PP; cheualere, MD.—AF. chevaler.

Chivalrie, sb. the knights of Christendom, S2; chevalrye, MD; chyvalrie, knightly deeds, MD; chiualrye, C2.—AF. chivalrie, chevalerie.

Chiueren, v. to shiver, tremble, Prompt., SkD (s.v. shiver); cheueren, PP; sheeuering, pr. p., S3.—Cp. Du. huiveren, to shiver.

Chiueringe, sb. shivering, trembling; chyuerynge, Prompt., p. 75; chyueryng, Palsg., Prompt.

Chois, sb. and adj. choice, MD, C2; choys, MD, C, C2.—OF. chois, cois, from choisir, coisir, to choose. Of Teutonic origin. See Chesen.

Choisly, adv. choicely, MD; chysly, S2.

Chol; see Chavel.

Chold, adj. cold, S; see Cold.

Choppen, v. to chop, cut, mince, MD; chappyd, pp., MD.

Chorle; see Cherl.

Chrisolyte, sb. chrysolite, 3; crysolyt, SkD.—Lat. chrysolithus (Vulg.); Gr. χρυσόλιθος, ‘gold stone.’

Chronique, sb. chronicle, C; see Cronique.

Churren, v. to turn, S; see Cherren.

Chymmys, sb. chief mansion, S3; chemys, JD.—OF. chef + mes (Bartsch.), chefmois, chief manor house (Cotg.); Late Lat. capmansum (acc.); see Ducange (s.v. caput mansi). See Cheef.

Chymney, sb. furnace, W; see Chimney.

Chynchis, sb. pl. niggards, H; see Chinche.

Chyne, sb. chink, fissure, W2; chenes, pl., S2, MD; chynnes, S3.—AS. cínu.

Chynnyng, sb. chink, S3.

Chyp, v. to chip, S3. See Choppen.

Chyrmen, v. to chirp, S3; see Chirmen.

Chysly, adv. choicely, S2; see Choisly.

Chyssell, sb. chisel, S3; see Chisel.

Ciclatun, sb. a costly silk texture, S; ciclatoun, MD, C2; siclatoun, MD; ciclatuns, pl., S.—OF. ciclatun in Roland (cp. Icel. siklatun); cp. Arab. siqlát, a fine cloth.

Cipres, sb. cypress, MD; ciprees, C2; cypres, Palsg.; cipresse, MD.—OF. cypres; Lat. cupressus, cyparissus; Gr. κυπάρισσος.

Circe, sb. church, S, Voc.; see Chirche.

Circe-wican, sb. dat. church-dwelling, S.

Cisterne, sb. cistern, Joseph’s pit, MD, Cath.; sisterne, MD; sesterne, Prompt.—Lat. cisterna, (Vulg.).

Cisternesse, sb. Joseph’s pit, S.

Citee, sb. city, MD, C2, C3; cyte, MD; syte, Prompt.; scite, S; citee, MD, C2, C3; cite, S, S2, Cath.—AF. cite, OF. citet; Lat. ciuitatem, a community of citizens.

Citesein, sb. citizen, MD; citeseyn, W (Acts 22. 26); cytezeyne, Prompt.—AF. citeseyn, citezein: Prov. ciutadan, ciptadan; Late Lat. *civitadanum.

Citiner, sb. citizen, JD; cyttenere, Voc.

Citole, sb. cithern, C, MD, CM; cytole, Voc.—AF. citole, OF. cytholle (= Lat. cithara), Ps. 56. 8; cp. Low Lat. citola, (Voc.); Lat. cithara; Gr. κιθάρα, also κίθαρις; cp. Chaldee qīthārōs, Dan. 3. 5. See Giterne.

Citolerer, sb. a player on the cithern; cytolerer, Voc.

Citrinacioun, sb. the turning to the colour of citron (in alchemy), C3, CM.

Citrine, adj. citron-coloured, MD.—OF. citrin; Lat. citrinus.

Citur, sb. citron-tree, MD. Comb.: cytyr-tre, Prompt.; citur tree, MD.—OF. citre; Lat. citrum (acc.).

Clam, adj. sticky, H, MD.

Clam, pt. s. climbed, S2; clamb, C2; see Climben.

Clanlych, adv. purely, S2; see Clene.

Clappen, v. to make a noise like the clapper of a mill, MD, Palsg.; to chatter, C2, C3.—Icel. klappa.

Clapping, sb. chatter, idle talk, C2.

Clapsen, v. to clasp, C, CM; see Claspen.

Claret, sb. a spiced wine, MD, Prompt. clare, MD; clarre, C, MD; clarry, MD.—OF. claret (AF. clare); Late Lat. claretum and claratum. See Clere.

Clarifien, v. to glorify, MD, W, H (Ps. 19, 1).—OF. clarifier; Lat. clarificare (Vulg.).

Clarioun, sb. clarion, C, MD; claryone, Prompt.—OF. clarion (F. clairon). See Clere.

Clarre, sb. a spiced wine, C, CM; see Claret.

Claspen, v. to clasp, Palsg.; clapsen, C, CM.

Clauster, sb. cloister, MD; closter, MD; claustres, pl., S2.—Lat. claustrum (clostrum), whence Icel. klaustr, AS. clúster. Cf. Cloister.

Claver, sb. clover, trifolium, Voc., MD; clavyr, S3; clovere, Voc.—AS. cláfre (OET.), also clœfre, (Voc.); cp. Dan. klöver.

Claw, sb. hoof, Voc.; clau, Voc.; clawwess, pl., S; cluvis, S3; clawes, claws of bird, C2.—AS. cláwu, hoof; cp. Icel. klauf, see Weigand (s.v. klaue).

Clawen, v. to scratch, stroke, MD; clowe, to scratch, PP. Phr.: to claw the back, to flatter, S3. Comb.: claw-back, sb. flatterer, sycophant, Cotg. (s.v. flateur).

Cleche, sb. hook, MD; cleek, HD.

Clechen, v. to seize, MD, HD; cleke, MD; cleikis, pr. s., S3; clahte, pt. s., MD; claucht, pp., MD.

Cled, pt. s. clothed, S3; see Clothen.

Clee, sb. hoof, W2.—AS. cléo. See Claw.

Clef, pt. s. split, S2; see Cleuen.

Clei, sb. clay, W2, MD; cley, Prompt.; W (John 9. 6), Voc.—AS. clæg.

Clemen, v. to plaster with clay, to, daub, to smear, MD, S2; clemyd, pp., glued, H.—AS. clǽman, from clám, clay.

Clenchen, v. to clench, seize, PP; to twang the harp, S; clenten, pt. pl., embraced, S; cleynt, pp., fixed, MD.—Cp. OHG. klenken (in in-klenken), to fasten (Otfrid).

Clene, adj. clean, MD, S; adv. entirely, penitus, MD, S, S2; clenner, comp., W2.—AS. clǽne; cp. OHG. kleini, fine, tender, kleino, ‘penitus’ (Otfrid).

Clengen, v. to cling, S2; see Clingen.

Clenlich, adj. cleanly, MD; clenliche, adv. purely, S; clanlych, S2; clennlike, S; clenli, entirely, S.—AS. clǽnlic.

Clennes, sb. purity, S2; clennesse, W2; clenesse, S.—AS. clǽnnis.

Clensien, v. to cleanse, MD; clansi, S; clennsenn, S; y-clense, S3.—AS. (ge) clǽnsian, see Sievers, 185.

Clensinge, sb. cleansing, S.

Cleo; see Clyffe.

Clepen, v. to call, S2, C2, W, W2; clepien, S; cleopien, S; clupien, MD, S2 cleopede, pt. s., S; clupede, S; clepide, S2, W; clepte, S2; clepud, S2; clepet, S2; clepit, S3; i-cleopet, pp., S; i-cleped, S; y-clepud, S2; y-cleped, C3; cleped, S2, C2; clept, S2; y-clept, C3; iclepet, S2; icluped, S2; iclyped, S3.—AS. cleopian.

Clepyng, sb. a calling, W.

Clere, adj. clear, bright, glorious, C2 W, W2; cleer, MD; cler, MD; clier, MD.—AF. cler; Lat. clarum.

Clerenesse, sb. brightness, W; cleernes, C3.

Clerete, sb. brightness, W.

Clergeon, sb. a chorister, little priest, young scholar, MD, C2.—AF. clergeon; cp. Sp. clerizon (Minsheu).

Clergial, adj. learned, C3; clergealy, adv. in clerkly wise, P.

Clergie, sb. (1) the clergy, (2) the clerical profession, (3) book-learning, MD; clargy, H.—OF. clergie: Sp. clerecia, clergy; Late Lat. clericia, the clergy, learning; see Constans.

Clerk, sb. clergyman, scholar, secretary, C2; clerc, S, MD; clerkes, pl., S, C2, C3, P; clerekes, S; clerken, gen. pl., S2.—OF. clerc (AF. clerk); Church Lat. clericum (acc.); Gr. κληρικός from κλῆρος a lot, in eccl. writers, the clergy.

Cler-matin, sb. a kind of corn for grinding, MD, S2, PP.

Cleue, sb. dwelling, bedroom, bed, MD, S; kleue, MD.—AS. cléofa, a recess, den, bed, chamber; cp. Icel. klefi, a closet, bedroom.

Cleuen, v. to split asunder, MD, P; cleoue, MD; cleues, pr. s., S; claf, pt. s., MD; clef, MD, S2; cleef, MD; clevede, G; clouen, pl., S2; clofenn, pp., S; cloue, W.—AS. cléofan, pt. cléaf (pl. clufon), pp. clofen.

Cleuen, v. to cleave, adhere, MD, W2, PP; cliuyn, Prompt.; cliuen, S; clyuen, PP; cliued, pt. s., S; cleuede, W2.—AS. clifian (cleofian); OHG. klebên (Otfrid).

Cleuering, pr. p. clinging, holding on by claws, S3. See Cliuer.

Cleynt, pp. fixed, MD; see Clenchen.

Clicche; see Clochen.

Cliket, sb. a kind of lock or fastening, PP, CM; clyket, PP, Voc.; clykyt, Voc.—OF. cliquette (Bartsch), from cliquer, to click, snap; cp. Low Lat. cliquetus.

Cliketed, pp. fastened with a latch, PP.

Climben, v. to climb, MD; clymben, C2; clam, pt. s., S2, MD; clamb, C2; clomb, MD; clomben, pp., C; clombe, C2.—AS. climban, pt. clamb (pl. clumbon); pp. clumben.

Clingen, v. to shrivel up, wither, to cling, MD, S, ND, Sh.; clengen, S2; clyngen, S2; clang, pt. s., MD; clonge, pl., MD; clungen, pp., MD.—AS. clingan, pt. clang (pl. clungon), pp. clungen.

Clippe; see Cluppen.

Clippen, v. to clip, shear, S, C2, MD.—Icel. klippa.

Cliue, sb. cliff, S; see Clyffe.

Cliuen, v. to cleave, adhere, S; see Cleuen.

Cliuer, adj. eager, sharp, MD, SkD.

Cliuer, sb. claw, S; clivres, pl., S.—AS. clifer.

Clobbed, adj. like a club, rough, C2; clubbed, MD. See Clubbe.

Cloche, sb. claw, PP; cloke, HD; cluke, S3 (s.v. cat), JD; cleuck, JD; clokis, pl., H.

Clochen, v. to clutch, PP; clucchen, PP, HD, SkD; clouche, PP; clycchen, PP; clicche, PP.

Clocken, v. to limp, hobble, PP; clokke, PP.—OF. cloquer (clocher), to limp (Cotg.), also cloper: Prov. clopchar; Low Lat. *cloppicare, from cloppus; see Diez (P. 550).

Clodde; see Clot.

Clofenn; see Cleuen.

Cloister, sb. cloister, MD; cloistre, C3; cloystre, C; cloystyr, Prompt.—AF. cloister OF. cloistre (F. cloître). Cf. Clauster.

Cloisterer, sb. cloister-monk, C2.

Clom, sb. silence, S2; see Clum.

Clomben, pp. climbed, C; see Climben.

Clomsen, v. to be benumbed, stupified, PP, H. See Clum.

Clomstnes, sb. numbness, fixedness, H.

Cloos, adj. close, C3; clos, MD.—AF. clos, closed, pp. of clore; Lat. claudere.

Clos, sb. an enclosure, a locked-up place, MD; cloos, Prompt., S2; cloyss, S3.

Closen, v. to close, to enclose, MD.—From AF. clos, pp.; Lat. clausum. See Cloos.

Closter, sb. cloister, MD; see Clauster.

Closures, sb. pl. enclosures, fastenings, S3.

Closyngis, sb. pl. gates, W2.

Clot, sb. a clod, MD; clotte, Cath.; clodde, Prompt., Palsg., Manip.; clottes, pl., lumps, S2; clottis, W2. See Weigand (s.v. kloss).

Clote, sb. burdock, Voc., MD, Prompt., Alph.; cloote, MD.—AS. cláte.

Clote-bur, sb. burr of the burdock, C3.

Clote-leef, sb. leaf of the burdock, C3.

Cloteren, v. to clot, coagulate, Prompt.; cloderen, Prompt.; clothred, pp., C.

Cloth, sb. cloth, clothing, S, S2; cloþe, S2; cloþt, S2; clað, S; claðes, pl., S; cloðes, S.—AS. cláð.

Clothen, v. to clothe, S; claðen, S; cled, pt. s., S3; cloðeden, pl., S2; y-clothed, pp., PP; y-clad, C3; cled, S3.

Cloude, sb. a mass of rock, a hill, clod, S2, MD; clude, MD; clowdys, pl., MD (s.v. clot); cluddis, masses of cloud, S3; cloudis, H (Ps. 67. 37).—AS. clúd.

Clout, sb. clout, rag, W; clowt, C3; clutes, pl., S; cloutes, S2, S3, C3; clowtes, S2.—AS. clút (OET.).

Clouten, v. to patch, mend, S3; clouȝtand, pr. p., S2; clouted, pp., provided with an iron plate, S3.

Cloue, pp. split, W; see Cleuen.

Clowe, v. to scratch, P; see Clawen.

Clowe, sb. a clove, pink, Prompt.; clowes, pl., MD.—OF. clou, clo, a nail; Lat. clauum (acc.).

Clow-gilofre, sb. a clove-gilly-flower, C2; clowe-gylofres, pl., S2.—AF. cloue de gilofre. See Geraflour.

Clubbe, sb. club, MD; clobbe, MD.—Icel. klubba, klumba.

Clubbed, adj. club-shaped, rough, MD, Prompt.; clobbed, C2.

Clucche, v. to clutch, PP; see Clochen.

Cluddis, sb. pl. masses of cloud, S3; see Cloude.

Cluke; see Cloche.

Clum, sb. stillness, silence, MD, CM; Clom, S2.

Clumsen, v. to be benumbed, stupified, MD; clomsen, PP; clomsed, pp., set fast, H; clumst, H; clumsyd, ‘enervatus’, Cath.

Clumst-hede, sb. numbness, H.

Clupien, v. to call, S2; see Clepen.

Cluppen, v. to embrace, S, MD; clyppe, S2; clippe, S2, MD; cleppen, MD; clupte, pt. s., S.—AS. clyppan.

Cluster-loc, sb. enclosure, S.—AS. clúster-loc. See Clauster.

Clute; see Clout.

Cluvis, sb. pl. hoofs, S3; see Claw.

Clyffe, sb. cliff, MD; clyfe, MD; cliue, dat., S; cleoue, MD; cleo, S; cliues, pl., MD; cleues, MD.—AS. clif (OET), pl. cleofu, cliofu; see Grein, Sievers, 241.

Clymbare, sb. climber, S3.

Clymben, v. to climb, C2; see Climben.

Clyngen, v. to wither, to shrink, S2; see Clingen.

Cnawen, v. to know, S; see Knowen.

Cnawlechen, v. to acknowledge, MD.

Cnawlechunge, sb. acknowledgment, S.

Cnelinng, sb. kneeling, S.

Cneowe, sb. dat. knee, S; see Kne.

Cniht, sb. knight, S; see Kniȝt.

Cnotted, pp. knotted, S; i-knotted, S; see Knotte.

Cnouwe, sb. dat. knee, S; see Kne.

Cnowen, v. to know, S; pp., S2; see Knowen.

Co-arten, v. to compel, constrain, HD; coarted, pp., S3.—Lat. co-arctare, to constrain, compress.

Cocatrice, sb. a serpent (= Lat. basiliscus = Heb. pethen, an adder or cobra), W2; cocatryse, basiliscus, cocodrillus, Prompt.; kokatrice, MD; cockatrice, WW.—OF. cocatriz, crocodile: Sp. cocadriz, basilisk, cocatrice (Minsheu). Cp. Cokedrill.

Cocke, sb. in phr.: by cocke (a profane oath), S3, ND; by cock, Sh.; Cock’s passion, Sh.; Cox my passion, Sh.; by cock and pie, Sh., ND, SkD (s.v. pie); for cokkes bones, C3; for cocks body, ‘de par Dieu,’ Palsg.—Cp. Grimm, p. 15 (n.).

Cocow; see Cukkow.

Cod, sb. cod, pod, husk, MD; codde, Prompt., Palsg.; coddis, pl., W.—AS. codd, bag (Mark 6. 8).

Cod, sb. pillow, Cath., MD; coddis, pl., HD.—Icel. koddi, pillow.

Cof, adj. quick, MD; kof, MD; coue, MD; cofe, adv., S; cofer, comp., S.—AS. cáf; cp. Icel. á-kafr, vehement.

Coffes, sb. pl. cuffs, P; see Cuffe.

Cofin, sb. basket, MD; coffyn, W2; cofyne, paste, crust of a pie, MD; coffyns, pl., baskets, S2; cofyns, W; cofynes, W.—OF. cofin; Lat. cophinus (Vulg.); Gr. κόφινος (NT).

Cofre, sb. box, coffer, MD, C2, C3, P; cofer, S2; cofres, pl., S2.—AF. cofre; Lat. cophinum (acc.); see Brachet.

Cofren, v. to put into a coffer, S3.

Cog, sb. cog, tooth on the rim of a wheel, MD; kog, Voc.; cogge, dat., S.

Cognisaunce, sb. knowledge, MD; cognizance, that by which something is known, Sh.; conisantes, pl., badges, S3.—AF. conisaunce, knowledge, OF. cognoissance, from cognoissant, pr. p. of cognoistre; Lat. cognoscere.

Coife, sb. coif, cap, MD; coyfe, S3, Prompt., Palsg.—OF. coiffe; Low Lat. cofea. Cf. Cuffe.

Coint, adj. knowing, prudent, skilful, sly, neat, fine, quaint, MD; koynt, MD; quoynte, MD; queynte, MD, S3, C2; quaynte, MD; queynt, MD; quaynt, H.—OF. cointe, prudent, trim, friendly; Lat. cognitum.

Cointeliche, adv. skilfully, neatly, quaintly, MD; quoynteliche, MD; queyntelich, MD; queynteli, S3; queinteliche, S2; quaintelye, S2.

Cointise, sb. art, skill, cunning, MD; quointise, MD, S2; quantise, H; queyntise, MD, S3; quaintis, H.—OF. cointise.

Coite, sb. quoit; coyte, Prompt., Palsg., Manip.; coitis, pl., S3. Cp. the v. coit, JD; OF. coitier, to push, press (Bartsch).

Coiten, v. to play quoits, Prompt., Palsg.

Cok, sb. cook, S2; cokes, pl., C3, PP; kokes, PP.—AS. cóc; Lat. coquus, from coquere, to cook.

Cokedrill, sb. crocodile, HD, MD; cocadrylle, Voc.; cokodrilles, pl., HD; cocodrilly, Trev. 1. 131, MD.—Low Lat. cocodrillus; cp. It. cocodrillo, a crocodile (Florio), Sp. cocodrillo, a serpent, crocodile (Minsheu); Lat. crocodilus; Gr. κροκόδειλος. Cf. Cocatrice.

Cokeney, sb. cook’s assistant, scullion, undercook, petted child, cockney, MD, PP, S2; cocknaie, MD; coknay, Prompt., Cath.; cokenay, CM; cocknaye, Palsg. (s.v. bring); cockney, Sh.; kokeney, PP; coknayes, pl., S3.

Coker, sb. quiver, also a kind of half-boots or gaiters, MD; koker, MD; cocur, Prompt. (see n.); cokeres, pl., PP; cockers, HD, ND.—AS. cocer, a quiver.

Coket, sb. a seal with which bread sold in London was stamped by a public officer, Ducange; cocket, Cath. (n.); certificate, S3, ND.

Coket, sb. a kind of fine bread stamped, PP, S2. Cp. Low Lat. panis de coket, see Ducange (s.v. coket). See above.

Cokewold, sb. cuckold, CM; kokewolde, P; kukwald, Voc.; cockewold, MD; kukeweld, MD; cokolde, MD, SkD.—Cp. Prov. cugol; Lat. cuculum, cuckoo. See Cukkow.

Col-, prefix, expressing depreciation, contempt. Comb.:—col-fox, a crafty fox, C; col-knif, a big knife, MD; col-prophet, false prophet, ND; cold-prophet, ND; cole-prophet, ND; colle-tragetour, false juggler, CM (5. 248. 187).

Cold, adj. cold, PP; chald, S; kald, S; cald, S2, MD; kold, S; chold, S; cheld, S2; cold, evil, G.—AS. ceald, cald: Goth. kalds from OTeut. *kalan, to freeze, cp. Icel. kala (pt. kól, pp. kalinn).

Colde, v. to grow cold, C3, MD.—AS. cealdian.

Cole, sb. cabbage, cale, kail, Voc., MD; cool, MD; kale, MD, H.—AS. cole (OET); cp. Icel. kál; Lat. caulis, stalk, cabbage; see Weigand (s.v. kohl).

Cole, sb. charcoal, coal, S, S2; coole, MD; coylle, MD; coles, pl., C2, C3; coolis, W; koles, S2.—AS. col (OET).

Cole, adj. cool, somewhat cold, Prompt., MD.—AS. cól; cp. OHG. kuali (Otfrid).

Colen, v. to cool, MD, Prompt., G, H.—AS. cólian; cp. OHG. kualen (Otfrid).

Coler, sb. collar, MD; coller, torques, Prompt.; colers, pl., P.—OF. coler (F. collier); Lat. collare, from collum, neck.

Colere, sb. anger, C, MD.—OF. colere; Lat. cholera; Gr. χολέρα, an affection of the bile.

Colerik, adj. choleric, passionate, C2, MD; coleryke, Cath.—Lat. cholericus, having one’s bile affected; Gr. χολερικός, from χολή, gall.

Coles, sb. pl. (?); in phr.: swearing precious coles, S3.

Collacioun, sb. conference, CM.—OF. collacion, discourse, harangue; Lat. collationem, a bringing together, conferring.

Collen, v. to embrace, W2, MD; kollen, S2. Der.: collyngis, sb. pl., W2.—Cp. OF. collée, a neck-embracement (Cotg.). See Coler.

Collerie, sb. eye-salve, W; colirie, MD; colorye, HD.—Lat. collyrium; Gr. κολλύριον.

Colloppe, sb. a slice of flesh, carbonella, Prompt., MD, Palsg.; collop, Cath., Cotg. (s.v. riblette); colope, Voc.; colop, Cath. (n.); coloppe, PP; colhoppe, PP, Voc.; collip, Manip.; colopus, pl., PP, S2.

Colour, sb. colour, pretext, S3, C2; colur, S, MD.—AF. colur; Lat. colorem.

Col-plontes, sb. pl. cabbages, PP, S2; kole-plantes, PP; cale-plantes, PP. See Cole.

Coltre; see Culter.

Columbine, sb. columbine (flower), Alph., MD, Sh.; columbyne, Voc., Prompt.; columby, S3.—OF. columbine; Late Lat. columbina.

Colvyr; see Culuer.

Colwie, adj. grimy, S.

Colwyd, pp. carbonatus, Prompt. See Cole.

Comaunde, v. to command, PP, C; comanden, MD; comaundet, pt. s., S2; comande, S2, MD; cumand, S2.—OF. comander, commander; Late Lat. commendare, to order. Cf. Comenden.

Comaundement, sb. commandment, C, PP; comandement, C2.

Comaundour, sb. commander, C3, PP; comandour, S2.—OF. commandeor; Late Lat. commendatorem.

Combe, sb. comb for hair, comb of a bird, Prompt., Voc.; komb, MD.—AS. camb.

Combren, v. to encumber, overwhelm, MD, S3; comeren, S3; combrez, pr. s., S2; cumrit, pt. s., S2; cummerit, S3; cumbred, pp., S2.—OF. combrer to hinder, from combre, a heap, see Ducange (s.v. cumbra); Lat. cumulum (acc.).

Combre-world, sb. cumberer of the world, S3.

Combust, pp. burnt, MD, C3.—Lat. combustus, pp. of comburere, to burn.

Come, sb. a coming, S, S2, C3; kume, S; kime, S; cume, S; comes, pl., S.—AS. cyme.

Comelyng, sb. stranger, W, W2; kumeling, MD; comling, W; comlyng, S2; comelingis, pl., W; cumlyngis, H.

Comen, v. to come, S; cumen, S; kumen, S; cum, S2; com, S2; cuminde, pr. p., S; comynde, S2; cominde, S2; comste, comest thou, S2; comþ, pr. s., S2; com, pt. s., S, S2, G; cam, S, G, P; kam, S; come, 2 pt. s., S, G; coman, pt. pl., S; coomen, C2; comen, MD, S, G; come, S2; i-cumen, pp., S; i-kumen, S; i-cume, S; i-comen, S; i-come, S, S2; comen, S2, S3, G; come, S2.—AS. cuman; cp. Goth. kwiman.

Comenden, v. to commend, C2, PP; commended, pp., PP.—Lat. commendare. Cf. Comaunde.

Comers, sb. pl., strangers, visitors, passers-by, S2, PP; comeres, PP.

Commoditie, sb. advantage, profit, S3, ND, Sh.—OF. commodité (Cotg.); Lat. commoditatem.

Comp, sb. contest, S; see Camp.

Compainoun, sb. companion, MD.—OF. compagnon; Late Lat. companionem.

Companable, adj. sociable, PP, C; companabile, H.—OF. compaignable (Cotg.).

Companie, sb. company, MD, C2; compaynye, S; compainie, S2.—OF. companie, from compain, an associate at meals; from Lat. cum + panis, bread.

Comparisoun, sb. comparison, MD, C2.—OF. comparison; Late Lat. comparationem.

Comparisounen, v. to compare, MD, W (Mark 4. 30), S2.

Compas, sb. circle, circuit, device, craft, MD, C3, G; compaas, C; compasse, S3; cumpas, W2.—OF. compas; Late Lat. compassum (acc.).

Compassen, v. to go round, to devise, contrive, MD; cumpas, W2; conpassed, pp., S3.—AF. compasser.

Compassyng, sb. craft, contrivance, C.

Compeir, v. to appear, S3.—OF. comper-, tonic stem of compareir; Lat. comparere.

Comper, sb. compeer, comrade, C, S2; compere, Prompt.; cumpers, pl., MD.—Of OF. origin; Lat. comparem, (acc.).

Complie, sb. the last church-service of the day, compline, MD; cumplie, S, MD.—OF. complie; Church Lat. completa (hora).

Compline, sb. compline, MD; complyn, MD; cumplyne, completorium, Prompt. See above.

Composicion, sb. arrangement, agreement, C, C2.—AF. composicion; Lat. compositionem.

Comptroller; see Controller.

Comsen, v. to commence, S2, PP, MD; cumsen, S2, PP.—OF. comencer; Lat. com + initiare.

Comune, adj. common, PP; comun, MD; comyn, MD; comen, S2.—AF. commun; Lat. communem (acc.).

Comune, sb. the commons, commonalty, PP; commune, C2; comunes, pl., PP; comyns, S2, PP.

Comunlych, adv. commonly, S2; comunliche, PP; comunly, C2.

Comyn, sb. cummin, C2, MD, Prompt.; cummyn, W.—OF. comin; Lat. cyminum (Vulg.); Gr. κύμινον.

Comynalte, sb. community, W2.—AF. communalte; OF. communaulte; Late Lat. *communalitatem, from communalis.

Comyne, v. to commune, W, W2; commune, C3.—OF. communier; Lat. communicare.

Comynere, sb. participator, W.

Comynte, sb. community, W2; comunete, PP.—Lat. communitatem.

Con, pr. s. can, know, S. Phr.: con-þonk, thanks, S; see Kunnen.

Conabill, adj. suitable, convenient, B.—OF. covenable, convenable; Late Lat. convenabilem.

Conand, sb. covenant, B; Connand, B; Cunnand, B.—OF. convenant, agreeing, befitting, also, a covenant, pr. p. of convenir; Lat. convenire. See Couenaunt.

Conandly, adv. befittingly, S3.

Conceipt, sb. imagination, fancy, idea, MD, S3; conceit, C3; conceits, pl., fantastic patterns, S3.

Conceiven, v. to comprise, to conceive, to imagine, MD; conceyue, PP.—OF. concevoir; Lat. concipere.

Conduit, sb. guidance, a conduit, MD; condut, MD; condite, MD; conduyte, S3; cundyth, Voc.; condeth, MD; kundites, pl., S3.—OF. conduit (Bartsch); Lat. conductum, from conducere.

Confessen, v. to confess, to receive a confession, MD.—AF. confesser; from Lat. confessus, pp. of conefiteor.

Confessor, sb. a confessor of Christianity before the heathen, a hearer of confessions, MD, S; cunfessurs, pl., S.—AF. confessor; Church Lat. confessorem.

Confiture, sb. an apothecary’s mixture, C3.—OF. confiture (Cotg.); Late Lat. confectura.

Confort, sb. comfort, C3, C, PP.—AF. confort.

Conforten, v. to strengthen, comfort, MD, C, P; counforte, S2, PP.—AF. conforter; Late Lat. confortare; Lat. con + fortis, strong.

Confounden, v. to bring to confusion, C3; confoundet, pp., PP.—AF. confoundre; Lat. confundere.

Confus, pp. put to confusion, C3, C, PP.—AF. confus, pp.; Lat. confusum.

Congie, v. to bid farewell to, dismiss, get rid of, PP; congeye, PP, MD; cunge, PP.—OF. congier, to dismiss, from congié, cumgiet; Late Lat. commiatum, Lat. commeatum, permission to go.

Conisantes, sb. pl. badges, S3; see Cognisaunce.

Conjecten, v. to guess, suppose, MD, S3.—Lat. conjectare.

Coniectere, sb. diviner, W2.

Conjoignen, v. to conjoin, MD; coniunit, pp., S3.—From OF. conjoignant, pr. p. of conjoindre; Lat. conjungere.

Con-ioyninge, sb. conjoining, C3.

Conne, v. to know, to be able, S2, S3; see Kunnen.

Conne, v. to test, examine, con, C2, P; kun, H; cunnien, SkD.—AS. cunnian, to try to know.

Conning, sb. science, skill, C2, C3; konning, C2; coninge, S2; kunnyng, W.

Conning, adj. skilful, C2.

Conningly, adv. skilfully, C2.

Conrey, sb. division of troops, also provision, MD; conrai, S2.—OF. cunrei (conroi), equipage, arrangement, a division of troops (Bartsch); It. corredo, equipage, paraphernalia (Florio); Low Lat. corredium, conredium, equipage, provision, entertainment (Ducange); con + redium, a word of Teut. origin.

Conseil, sb. counsel, S, S2, C2; counseil, G, C; consail, PP.—OF. conseil; Lat. consilium.

Conseili, v. to advise, S2; conseille, PP.—OF. conseillier.

Constable, sb. constable, warden, officer, C3, PP; conestable, MD; cunstable, PP; cunestable, S.—OF. conestable; Late Lat. comes stabuli, see Brachet.

Constablesse, sb. constable’s wife, S2, C3.

Constance, sb. constancy, C2, MD.—OF. constance (Cotg.); Lat. constantia.

Constorie, sb. an ecclesiastical court, PP, S2; consistorie, PP, CM.—Church Lat. consistorium, a place of assembly, from Lat. consistere, to stand together.

Contek, sb. strife, contention, C, G, H, MD, CM; contumely, MD; contak, MD; conteke, HD; conteck, HD, ND; contakt, HD.—AF. contek.

Conteken, v. to strive, MD.

Contekour, sb. one who quarrels, HD.

Contenance, sb. look, gesture, outward appearance, encouragement, favour, MD, S2, C2; contenaunce, PP, C3; cuntenaunce, S2; countenance, S3; continaunce, G.—OF. contenance; Late Lat. continentia, mien.

Contesse; see Countesse.

Contrarie, adj. contrary, C2, C3.—AF. contrarie (OF. contraire); Lat. contrarium.

Contrarien, v. to oppose, C2.—OF. contrarier; Late Lat. contrariare.

Contree, sb. country, MD, C2, C3; contre, MD, C; contreie, S2; contreye, S2; cuntre, S2, MD, C; contrai, S2, MD.—OF. contree (AF. cuntree), Prov. contrada; Late Lat. contrata, from Lat. contra, see SkD.

Control, sb. restrictive authority, Sh.—OF. contre-rôle, contre-rolle, a duplicate roll, used for verification, see Brachet, Cotg. (s.v. controlle).

Control, v. to restrain, check, Sh.

Controller, sb. superintendent, overseer of accounts, Sh.; comptroller, S3.

Controven, v. to contrive, MD, PP; controeven, MD, S2; contreven, PP; contriven, MD.—AF. controver; con + OF. trover, to find, compose poetry; Low Lat. tropare, from tropus, a song, lit. a trope, turn of speech; Gr. τρόπος, a turn.

Conventiculis, sb. pl. assemblies, W2.

Conveyen, v. to accompany, also to bring, MD.—AF. cunveier; Late Lat. conviare, to accompany.

Conyng, sb. cony, rabbit, MD, S2, S3, P; konyng, S; cunin, S; conig, MD, HD; cony, Prompt., HD; conies, pl., S3.—AF. conyng, conyn, conil (pl. conis); Lat. cuniculum (acc.).

Conyngere, sb. rabbit-warren, MD, HD; connyngere, Prompt.

Coosted, pt. pl. went past, S3; see Costey.

Coostez, sb. pl. properties, qualities, S2; see Cost.

Coote; see Cote.

Cop, sb. top, head, MD, S2, C, W, W2; coppe, dat., MD, W2; coppis, pl., W2.

Cope, sb. cape, cope, Voc., S2, C; kope, S; coope, Prompt., MD; copis, pl., P.—Cp. Icel. kápa; Late Lat. cāpa, cappa.

Copen, v. to cover with a cope, provide with a cope, PP, S2; i-copet, pp., S2.

Copen, v. to barter, to meet, to have to do with, to encounter, S3, Sh.—Cp. Du. koopen, to buy.

Coper, sb. copper, C3, MD; copyr, Voc., Prompt.; copper, MD.—Du. koper; Late Lat. cuper, cuprum, for Lat. cyprium (aes); from Cyprus; Gr. Κύπρος.

Coppe, sb. cup, S2, P; see Cuppe.

Corage, sb. heart, spirit, MD, C, C2.—AF. corage.

Corageus, adj. courageous, S2, MD; corageous, C2.—OF. corageus.

Coral, sb. coral, MD; coralle, Prompt.; corall, Palsg., Manip.; curall, S3.—OF. coral; Lat. corallum, corallium; Gr. κοράλλιον.

Corasiue, sb. a corrosive, S3; see Corosif.

Coraye, v. to curry a horse, MD; see Curry.

Corbel, sb. raven, MD; corbyal, S2; corby, S3.—OF. corbel (F. corbeau); Late Lat. corvellum (acc.), from Lat. coruus.

Cordewane, sb. Spanish leather, C2; cordewan, MD; cordewayne, Voc.; cordwane, Prompt.; corduane, Voc.; corden, MD.—OF. cordouan, corduan, Prov. cordoan, Sp. cordován, cordovan leather (Minsheu), from Cordova, name of a town in Andalusia.

Cordwaner, sb. a worker in leather, Prompt.; cordwainer, SkD.—AF. cordewaner. See above.

Core, sb. the heart, central part of fruit, Prompt., MD.—OF. cor; Lat. cor.

Coriour, sb. currier, W; curiour, W. See Curry.

Corn, sb. a grain, corn, MD, S, C3; coren, S; cornys, gen., S3; corns, pl., S2; cornes, S2, PP, C2, W.—AS. corn, Goth. kaurn; cp. Lat. grānum; see Brugmann, § 306.

Corny, adj. strong of the corn or malt (applied to ale), C3.

Corone, sb. crown, MD, C2, C3; coroune, MD, C2; corowne, C; corune, MD; croune, S; the tonsure, G; crune, S; krune, S; crun, S; crounis, pl., S3.—AF. corone (coroune) Lat. corona.

Coronen, v. to crown, MD; corounen, S2, C2; crouni, MD, S2; y-corouned, pp., S2; y-crouned, S3; y-coroned, PP; i-kruned, S; cruned, S.—OF. coroner (coruner).

Corosif, adj. corrosive, C3; corrosive, sb., a corrosive, a caustic, ND; corsive, ND; corasiue, S3; corsye, S2; corzie, ND.—OF. corrosif, biting away.

Corour, sb. runner, W2; see Currour.

Cors, sb. curse, S3, G; see Curs.

Cors, sb. a body, a dead body, MD, S, C2, C3, PP; corps, S3, C2; corpis, S3.—AF. cors, corps; Lat. corpus.

Cors, sb. course, S2; see Cours.

Corsaint, sb. the body of a saint, a relic, MD; corseynt, S2; corseint, CM, PP.—AF. corsaint; Lat. corpus sanctum.

Corser, sb. horsedealer, MD, S3, HD; see Courser.

Corsing, sb. exchange, barter, S2; horse-dealing, HD.

Corsye, sb. a corrosive, S2; see Corosif.

Cort, sb. court, MD; see Court.

Corteis, adj. courteous, S2; corteys, S2; curteis, S3, C.—AF. curteis; Late Lat. cortensem, curtensem.

Corteisliche, adv. courteously, PP; curteisly, C2.

Cortesye, sb. courtesy, PP; curteysy, S2; curteisie, S2, C2, C3.—AF. curteisie.

Corumpable, adj. corruptible, C.

Corumpen, v. to corrupt, MD; corrumpen, C.—OF. corrumpre; Lat. corrumpere.

Corupcions, sb. pl. sores, illnesses, PP.

Coruen, pp. carved, S3, C; see Keruen.

Cos, sb. kiss, S, W, W2; see Cus.

Cosan, pp. chosen, S; see Chesen.

Cosset, sb. a lamb brought up without her dam, S3, ND.

Cosshe, sb. a little house, Prompt., Palsg.

Cost, sb. rib, side of a human body, shore, coast, MD, S2; coste, C2; costes, pl., S2, P.—AF. coste; Lat. costa.

Cost, sb. nature, property, condition, manner, MD; costez, pl., properties, S2; coostez, S2. Cf. Cust.

Costage, sb. expense, C2, HD.—OF. costage. See Costen.

Costard, sb. a kind of apple, Prompt., ND; humorous expression for the head, Sh., ND; costarde, S3; costard, a cap, ND. It probably means the ‘ribbed apple.’—OF. coste + ard, see SkD (p. 796).

Costard-jagger, sb. costermonger, ND.

Costard-monger, sb. seller of apples, costermonger, SkD; costard-mongar, Palsg.; costerd-monger, SkD; costar-monger, ND.

Coste, sb. cost, P; coust, MD; cost, C2.—AF. cust, coust.

Costen, v. to cost, MD; coste, pt. s., C2; costed, P; costed, pp., P.—OF. coster (couster); Lat. constare.

Costey, v. to coast, also to come near, approach, MD; coosted, pt. pl. went past, S3.—OF. costoier (F. côtoyer). See Cost.

Costlewe, adj. costly, CM, MD; costelewe, Prompt. See -lewe.

Cosyn, sb. cousin, C, PP; cosin, S, S2; cusyng, S3; cosyns, pl. kinsmen, W; cousyns, W.—AF. cosin (cousyn); cp. Late Lat. cosinus (Brachet); Lat. consobrinus.

Cosynage, sb. kindred, fellowship, H; cusynage, H.

Cote, sb. cottage, S, Voc., C, C2; cotes, pl. sheep-cotes, S3; coates, S3.—AS. cot, also cyte (Grein); cf. OHG. cutti, ‘grex’ (Tatian).

Cote, sb. garment, coat, S2, PP, S3, C2, C; coote, C, W.—AF. cote, OF. cotte, PS. 21. 18; MHG. kotte, kutte.

Cote-armure, sb. coat-armour, linen coat with armorial bearings worn over armour, body-armour, S3, C2, C.

Coten, v. to provide with coats, S2; cotyd, pp. clothed, S3.

Couche, sb. chamber, W.

Couchen, v. to lay, place together, to lie down, MD, S2, C2, C3; cowchyn, Prompt.; cowchen, C.—AF. cucher, cocher, OF. colcher; Lat. collocare.

Coude, pt. s. could, S2. See Kunnen.

Counforte, v. to comfort, S2, PP. See Conforten.

Counte, sb. county, shire, P, MD; countee, MD, PP.—AF. counte; Late Lat. comitatum.

Countesse, sb. countess, C2; contesse, S2; cuntesse, S.—AF. contesse, from OF. conte, comte; Late Lat. comitem, a count (a court dignity), in Lat. a companion.

Countrefete, v. to counterfeit, C, C2; contrefete, MD; counterfeted, pp., C3.—From OF. contrefet, contrefeit, pp. of contrefeire, contrefaire; Lat. contra + facere.

Countre-taille, sb. correspondence (of sound); in phr.: at the countretaille, with corresponding sound, C2.—OF. contretaille, the one part of a tally, the counter-tenor part in music (Cotg.).

Countryng, sb. countering in music, S3; the plain chant, S3 (n).—See S3 (p. 453).

Coupable, adj. culpable, PP; cupabil, H.—OF. coupable.

Coupe, sb. fault, PP; culpe, PP, ND.—OF. coupe, colpe; Lat. culpa.

Coupe, sb. cup, S2; cupe, S.—AF. cupe; Lat. cupa. Cf. Cuppe.

Courben, v. to bend, MD; courbed, pt. s., P.—OF. courber; Lat. curuare.

Courche, sb. kerchief, S3; see Couerchief.

Cours, sb. running, course, MD, C2, C3; cors, S2.—AF. cours; Lat. cursum (acc.).

Courser, sb. a steed, MD, C2; coursour, MD; cowrcer, Prompt.—OF. coursier; Late Lat. cursarium (acc.).

Courser, sb. horse-dealer, Palsg.; corser, MD, S3 (s.v. horse); scorser, ND.

Court, sb. court, enclosure, yard, PP, MD; curt, S; kurt, S; cort, MD; courte, PP.—AF. curt; Late Lat. cortem; Lat. cohortem, an enclosure.

Courteislich, adv. courteously, PP; see Corteisliche.

Courte-py, sb. short coat or cloak, PP, S2, C; cowrteby, Voc.; kourteby, P; courte-pies, pl., PP; court-pies, PP.—Cp. Du. kort, short + pije, rough coat; cp. E. pea in pea-jacket.

Couthe, v. to make known, PP; see Kythen.

Couthe, pt. s. could, knew, S, S2, S3; pp., S2; couth, C2; see Kunnen.

Couthe, sb. kith, PP; see Kyth.

Coue, sb. den, S2.—ONorth. cófa, ‘spelunca’ (John II.38).

Coveiten, v. to covet, MD, PP; coueitiden, pt. pl., W2.—AF. coveiter, OF. cuveitier; Late Lat. *cupiditare. See Constans.

Coveitise, sb. greed, avarice, PP; coueityse, C3; couetise, PP; couetyse, S2, S3; coueitisis, pl., W.—OF. coveitise.

Coveitous, adj. covetous, MD; coueytous, S2; couetous, S2.—OF. coveitus, AF. cuveitus; Late Lat. *cupiditosum.

Couenable, adj. proper, fit, agreeing, W, MD, S2, H; cuuenable, S; conabill, H; conable, Prompt.; cunabil, H.—AF. cuvenable; Late Lat. convenabilem.

Couenaunt, sb. a covenant, PP; couenant, PP; covand, MD; conant, MD.—AF. covenant, OF. convenant, pr. p. of convenir, to agree; Lat. conuenire.

Couent, sb. an assembly, a convent, MD, PP, C2, C3; couant, PP.—OF. covent, convent; Church Lat. conventus, from Lat. conuenire, to come together.

Couerchief, sb. kerchief, MD; keuerchief, MD; kerchef, C3; kyrchefe, Prompt.; courchef, HD; courche, S3; kerche, Prompt.—OF. couvre-chef, covering for the head (Cotg.).

Coueren, v. to cover, MD, C2; keueren, MD, S3, P, W; kuueren, MD; kyueren, MD, W.—AF. covrir; Lat. cooperire.

Coveren, v. to gain, to heal, to recover one’s health, MD, S2, W; keueren, MD, CM, PP; kuueren, MD, S2; keuord, pt. s., H.—OF. covrer, (in recovrer) coubrer, to seize (Bartsch); Lat. -cuperare (in recuperare); cp. Late Lat. cuperamentum, acquisition (Ducange).

Couert, adj. and sb. covert, hidden, a covert, MD; cowart, S3.—OF. covert, pp. of covrir.

Couerture, sb. bed-clothes, horse-cover, covering, MD, S; kuuertur, S.—OF. coverture.

Couine, sb. conspiracy, craft, deceit, trickery, S3, MD, HD; covyne, C; covin, MD, ND; coven, ND.—AF. covine, from OF. covenir, convenir; Lat. conuenire.

Cow, sb. cow, MD, Voc.; ku, S, MD, Voc.; cou, MD; kues, gen. s., S; ky, pl., MD, S3; kie, MD; kye, H; kyn, MD, S2, C; kyne, S3, P; kyȝn, S2; kyen, PP; kien, W2; ken, MD, S2, PP.—AS. cú, pl. cý (gen. cúna).

Coward, adj. and sb. cowardly, a coward, MD, C2.—AF. coward, cuard, cp. the heraldic term lion couard, a lion with his tail between his legs, and the name for the hare in the old terms of hunting ‘la cowarde ou la court cowe,’ i.e. short-tail.—Formed with the suffix -ard from OF. coe, tail; Lat. cauda. Cp. It. codardo, from coda, a tail.

Cowardie, sb. cowardice, C; cowardy, MD.—OF. couardie.

Cowart, sb. covert, S3; see Couert.

Cowde, Cowthe, pt. s. could, knew, G; see Kunnen.

Cowschet, sb. cushat, wood-pigeon, S3; cowscott, Voc.; cowshot, SkD.—AS. cúsceote (Voc.), cúscute (OET.).

Coy, adj. still, quiet, MD, C, C2; sober, modestus, Prompt.—AF. coy, quiet, OF. coi, Ps. 77. 13, also coit; Lat. quietum.

Crabbe, sb. crab, S, Voc., Prompt.; also (in building) an arch, fornix, cancer, MD.—AS. crabba; cp. AF. crabbe.

Crabbed, adj. shrewish, cross, bitter, C2, Palsg., MD, PP; crabbyd, ‘awke or wrawe, cancerinus’ Prompt.

Cracchen, v. to scratch, MD, PP, C; crechen, S; cark, JD.

Craft, sb. might, power, ability, art, craft, deceit, MD, S, S2, C2; creft, MD; craftes, pl. trades, P.—AS. cræft; cp. OHG. kraft (Otfrid).

Crafti, adj. skilful, sly, MD, S2; crafty, C, P; crefti, S.

Crafti-man, sb. artificer, W.

Crage, sb. the neck, throat, S3, JD; crawe, the craw of fowls, Prompt., MD.—Cp. Du. kraag, neck, collar.

Crak, sb. a thunder-peal, MD. Phr.: crakkis of wer, cannon, B.

Craken, v. to crack (like thunder), to cry out, to chatter, to break with a noise, MD, PP; crakede, pt. s., S.—AS. cracian.

Crammasyn, sb. and adj. crimson, S3; see Crimosine.

Crammen, v. to cram, stuff, MD; crommen, MD; cremmyn, Prompt.; i-crommet, pp., S2.—AS. crammian.

Crampe, sb. the cramp, Voc., Prompt., PP; craumpe, CM.—OF. crampe (Cotg.); ODu. krampe.

Crane, sb. crane (bird), MD, Voc.; kranes, pl., MD; crennis, S3; cronez, MD.—AS. cran (Voc.).

Crasen, v. to break, MD; crased, pp., S3, C3; crasid, PP. Cp. Swed. krasa, to break in pieces.

Cratche, sb. manger, W, W2; cratch, HD, Cotg. (s.v. creiche); cracche, Voc., Prompt.; crecche, MD.—OF. creche: Prov. crepcha, crepia; OHG. crippea (Tatian). Cf. Cribbe.

Crauen, v. to crave, beg earnestly, S, MD, to prosecute, accuse, MD.—AS. crafian, ‘petere, postulare’; cp. Low Lat. cravare, in judicium mittere (also written gravare), see Schmid, Ducange.

Crawand, pr. p. crowing, S3; see Crowen.

Creat, pp. created, MD.—Lat. creatus, pp. of creare.

Creatour, sb. Creator, C3.—OF. creatour; Lat. creatorem.

Creature, sb. creature, MD; creatour, MD; creator, S2.—OF. creature; Lat. creatura.

Creaunce, sb. belief, MD, C3; creance, S2, C3.—OF. crëance, credence; Late Lat. credentia.

Creauncen, v. to borrow, MD.

Creaunt, pr. p. and adj. submitting as conquered, MD, PP; in phr.: cry ‘creaunt,’ MD.—OF. crëant; Lat. credentem.

Crechen, v. to scratch, S; see Cracchen.

Crede, sb. the Creed, S, C3, PP; credo, S, PP.—Lat. credo, I believe.

Credensynge, sb. believing, S3.

Crefti, adj. crafty, S; see Crafti.

Creme, sb. the sacred oil used in anointing, chrism, Voc., HD, MD; cream, HD; creame, Palsg.; creyme, S2, Voc.; Phr.: hille of creme, i.e. the Mount of Olives, MD.—OF. cresme; Church Lat. chrisma; Gr. χρίσμα. Cf. Crisme.

Cremelen, v. to anoint with oil or fat, MD; y-crymyled, pp., PP; kremelyd, MD; crymailed, PP.—OF. cresmeler, to anoint with holy oil.

Crempe, v. to draw in, S. Cf. G. krämpfen. See Crampe.

Crennis, sb. pl. cranes, S3; see Crane.

Crepen, v. to creep, S, C2; crope, MD; creap, pt. s., MD; crep, MD; crope, MD; 2 pt. s., P; crupen, pl., MD; crepte, pt. s. (weak), MD; cropen, pp., MD.—AS. créopan, pt. créap (pl. crupon), pp. cropen.

Creste, sb. crest (of bird, helmet), summit, MD, Prompt.; creistis, pl., S3.—OF. creste; Lat. crista.

Cresten, adj. Christian, S2; see Cristen.

Creyme, sb. the sacred oil, S2; see Creme.

Cribbe, sb. crib, manger; crib, MD; crybbe, Prompt.; cribbe, S, MD. Cp. OHG. crippea (Tatian).

Crike, sb. creek, MD; krike, MD, S; cryke, C, Prompt.—Icel. kriki.

Crimosine, sb. and adj. crimson, S3; crimosin, SkD; crammasyn, S3.—OF. cramoisin (cramoisi); Low Lat. carmesinum; from Pers. qirmisi, crimson; from Skt. krmi, a worm, insect, (i.e. the cochineal insect).

Crisme, sb. consecrated oil for anointing, MD; crysme, oil, Prompt.—Church Lat. chrisma, sacred oil; Gr. χρίσμα Cf. Creme.

Crisme-child, sb. the child anointed at baptism, MD.

Crisme-cloð, sb. the chrisom, the cloth tied round the head of the anointed child, S. Cp. Church Lat. chrismalis pannus.

Crisome, sb. the chrisom-cloth, crismale, Voc.; crysome, Palsg.; crisom, Cotg. (s.v. cresmeau).

Crist, adj. and sb. anointed, Christ, MD, S2, W, W2.—Lat. Christus; Gr. χριστός, anointed.

Cristen, adj. and sb. Christian, S, C2, C3; christen, S, S2; cresten, S2.—Lat. Christianus.

Cristendom, sb. Christianity, S, S2, C3; crystendom, S2.—AS. cristendóm.

Cristenly, adv. in a Christian manner, C3.

Cristes-messe, sb. Christmas, MD; Cristemasse, C2.

Cristiente, sb. Christendom, MD; cristiante, S3; cristianytee, S2, C3.—OF. crestiente, cristientet; Church Lat. Christianitatem.

Cristnien, v. to make Christian, to baptize, MD, S2; i-cristned, pp., S2; y-cristned, pp., S2; cristned, C3.—AS. cristnian.

Critouns, sb. pl. refuse of the frying-pan, W2.—OF. cretons (Cotg.).

Crochette, sb. a small hook, crotchet (in music), MD; crochettes, pl. crockets, S3.—OF. crochet (Bartsch).

Croft, sb. field, enclosure, PP, S2, MD.—AS. croft; cp. ODu. crocht, a field on the downs.

Croh, sb. a crock, waterpot, MD; cróós, pl., S.

Crois, sb. cross, PP, S, S3; croys, PP, S2, C2, C3; croiz, MD; croice, MD, S2.—OF. crois, croiz; Lat. crŭcem, see Brachet. Cf. Crouche, Cros.

Crok, sb. a hook, curl, a crooked way, wile, deceit, MD, Voc.; crokes, pl., S; crocks, HD. Phr.: went on croke, went astray, H.—Icel. krókr.

Croken, v. to bend, to curl hair, to turn aside, MD, W2; crokid, pp. curved, W2; i-croked, S.

Croket, sb. curl, MD, HD.

Crokke, sb. crock, pot, S2, PP; crocke, S, Voc.—AS. crocca.

Crom-bolle, sb. crumb-bowl, S3.

Cromme, sb. crumb, C3; crumme, MD; crume, MD; crome, MD; crowm, Voc.—AS. cruma.

Crommen, v. to cram, MD, S2; see Crammen.

Crone, sb. an old hag, S2, MD, C3; crony, SkD. Cp. ODu. kronie, karonie, an old sheep; Picard carone = F. charogne, see SkD (p. 797). See Caroigne.

Cronicle, sb. chronicle, MD.—OF. cronique. For the intrusive l cp. manciple, participle, principle, syllable, canticle, treacle, cardiacle.

Cronique, sb. chronicle, S2; chronique, C.—OF. cronique; Late Lat. chronica; Gr. χρονικά, annals.

Croos, sb. pl. water-pots, S; see Croh.

Crop, sb. top, upper part of a tree, crop of corn, Voc., PP, S2; croppe, Prompt., Palsg.; croppes, pl., young shoots, C; croppis, S3.—AS. crop.

Crope, 2 pt. s. didst creep, P; cropen, pp., MD; see Crepen.

Crope, sb. crupper, HD; croupe, CM, SkD.—OF. crope (F. croupe).

Croper, sb. crupper, the hinder part of a horse, C3.—OF. croupiere (Cotg.).

Cropiers, sb. pl. the housings on a horse’s back, HD.

Cropone, sb. the buttock, HD.—AF. cropoun.

Cros, sb. cross, PP, MD; crosse, P, MD.—ONorse, cros (cors); cp. Ir. cros, Prov. cros. Cf. Crois.

Crosselet, sb. a small crucible, C3; croslet, C3. See SkD (s.v. crucible).

Crouche, sb. the cross of Christ, crucifix, sign or representation of the cross, MD, PP, HD; cruche, PP; crowch, S.—Cp. OHG. crûci (krûzi) in Otfrid; Lat. cruci- (stem of crux). Cf. Crois.

Crouchen, v. to sign with the cross, MD; cruchen, MD; crowche, MD; crouched, pt. s., MD.

Croud, Croude, sb. a musical instrument (stringed), H, W; see Crowde.

Crouken, v. to croak, S2; crowken, Prompt.; croak, Sh.

Crouken, v. to bend down, S3, MD; see Croken.

Croune, sb. crown, the tonsure, S, G; see Corone.

Crouni; see Coronen.

Crouning, sb. crowning, S2; the tonsure, P. See above.

Crowch, sb. cross, S; see Crouche.

Crowd, v. to coo as a dove, S3; croud, JD.

Crowde, sb. a musical instrument (stringed), Prompt., Cath., Voc.; crouthe, MD; croud, H; croude (= chorus), W, H; crowd, ND; crouth, MD.—Wel. crwth, a fiddle: Ir. cruit: OIr. crot; cp. Low Lat. chrotta (Ducange). Cf. Rote.

Crowde, sb. wheelbarrow, Prompt.

Crowden, v. to push, HD, S2, C3; crouden, MD, HD, C3; crude, to press forward, S; crowdyn, Prompt.; crud, pt. s., MD, HD.—AS. *crúdan, to press, drive, pt. créad (pl. crudon), pp. croden; cp. Du. kruyden, to push (Hexham). See Sievers, 384, 385.

Crowdyng, sb. pressure, S2, C3.

Crowen, v. to crow; crawand, pr. p., S3; him croweth, pr. s. reflex., C3.—AS. cráwan, pt. créow, pp. crawen.

Crownell, sb. corolla, small crown, S3. See Corone.

Crucchen, v. to crouch, MD; cruchen, S3.

Cruche; see Crouche.

Crud, sb. curd, MD; curde, Prompt.; cruddes, pl., S2, PP; croddes, PP; crouds, JD; curddys, Voc.

Cruddid, pp. curded, W2.

Crude, v. to press forward, S; see Crowden.

Cruel, adj. cruel, MD; cruwel, MD; crewell, MD.—OF. cruel; Lat. crudelem.

Cruelnesse, sb. cruelty, MD; cruwelnes, S2.

Crueltee, sb. cruelty, C2.—AF. cruelte; Lat. crudelitatem.

Crulle, adj. curly, C; krulle, MD; crolle, MD.—Cp. G. krolle, curl; see Weigand.

Crune, sb. crown, S; see Corone.

Cry, sb. cry, MD; crye, Prompt.; crei, S.—AF. cri, crie.

Cryen, v. to cry, MD, PP; crie, PP; criȝinge, pr. p., S2; criȝed, pt. s., S2; crieden, pl., S; criede, S2.—AF. crier, cryer, for older cridar; cp. It. gridare.

Crymailed, pp. anointed, PP; y-crymyled, PP; see Cremelen.

Crystal, sb. ice, crystal, MD; cristal, W2.—AF. cristal; Lat. crystallum, ice (Vulg.), also, mountain-crystal; Gr. κρύσταλλος, ice.

Cubit, sb. elbow, a cubit (measure), MD; cubytes, pl., C2; cupydez, S2.—Lat. cubitum.

Cucurbite, sb. a gourd-shaped chemical vessel.—Lat. cucurbita, gourd.

Cudde, pt. s. made known, S; see Cuðen, Kythen.

Cude, sb. cud, S, MD; code, MD; cudde, Prompt., Palsg.; quide, MD; quede, MD; quid, HD, SkD.

Cuen, sb. queen, S; see Quene.

Cuffe, sb. cuff, PP, Prompt., Palsg.; coffes, pl., PP.—Cp. MHG. kuffe, coif. Cf. Coife.

Cukkow, sb. cuckoo, MD, Prompt.; cocow, Voc.; cocowe, Palsg.; cucko, Voc.; gukgo, S3.—OF. coucou; Lat. cuculum (acc.).

Culle, v. to strike, to kill, P; see Kulle.

Culme, sb. soot, Prompt.

Culorum, sb. end, conclusion, PP.—For Lat. seculorum in the phr.: in secula seculorum, for ever and ever, at the end of the Gloria Patri.

Culpon, sb. slice, shred, MD, C; culpown, Prompt.; culpen, Manip.—AF. colpoun; Low Lat. colponem; cp. F. coupon.

Culter, sb. coulter, the fore-iron of a plough, PP, Voc., Prompt.; kulter, PP; coltre, PP.—Lat. culter.

Culuer, sb. dove, MD, W, W2; cullfre, S; colvyr, Voc.; culuere, S2.—AS. culfre (OET.).

Culuer-briddis, sb. pl. young pigeons, W.

Cum-; see Com-.

Cumen, v. to come, S; see Comen.

Cumlyng, sb. stranger, H; see Comelyng.

Cumplie, sb. compline, S; see Complie.

Cumrit, pt. s. encumbered, S2; cummerit, S3; see Combren.

Cumsen, v. to commence, S2, PP; see Comsen.

Cun, v. to know how to, H; see Kunnen.

Cun, sb. kin, kind, nature, S; cunne, dat., S; see Kyn.

Cun-; see Con-.

Cunde, sb. kind, nature, S; see Kynde.

Cunde, adj. natural, kind, MD; see Kynde.

Cundeliche, adv. naturally, S; see Kyndely.

Cunes-mon, sb. kinsman, S; see Kynes-man.

Cunin, sb. cony, rabbit, S; see Conyng.

Cunnen, v. to know, to be able, S, S2; see Kunnen.

Cunreadnes, sb. pl. kindreds, S; see Kyn-rede.

Cupabil, adj. culpable, H; see Coupable.

Cuppe, sb. cup, S, C2, C; kuppe, S; coppe, S2, P.—AS. cuppe; Lat. cupa. Cf. Coupe.

Cuppe-mel, adv. by cupfuls, S2, PP; in cupmel, P.

Cupydez, sb. pl. cubits, S2; see Cubit.

Curace, sb. cuirass, S3, SkD; curat, HD.—OF. cuirace; Late Lat. coracium, from Lat. corium, leather.

Curall, sb. coral, S3; see Coral.

Curat, sb. curate, C.—Late Lat. curatus.

Curatour, sb. curate, priest who has cure of souls, PP, S2.

Cure, sb. a charge, cure of souls, PP, C3; cures, pl., pursuits, C2.—Church Lat. cura.

Curiour, sb. currier, W; see Coriour.

Curious, adj. busy, zealous, eager to know, dainty, fine, MD, S3; careful, C.

Curlew, sb. curlew, coturnix, Prompt., W2 (Ps. 104. 40); curlu, H; kurlu, MD; corlew, MD; curlowyr, Voc.—OF. corlieu, curlew (Cotg.).

Currour, sb. runner, courier, W2; corour, W2; currours, pl. light-armed troops, S3.

Curry, v. to prepare leather, to curry horses, to rub down, flatter, S3, MD; currayyn, Prompt.; coraye, MD.—OF. couraër, coureer (F. courroyer); It. corredare; from Low Lat. conredium. See Conrey.

Curs, sb. curse, C, G; cors, S3, G.

Cursedly, adv. wickedly, C2.

Cursednes, sb. malice, wickedness, C2; cursednesse, C2; cursidnesse, misery, W2.

Cursen, v. to curse, MD; corse, S2; cursede, pt. s., S; corsed, pp., S2.—AS. cursian.

Curt, sb. court, S; see Court.

Curteis, adj. courteous, S3, C; see Corteis.

Curteisly, adv. courteously, C2; see Corteisliche.

Curteisye, sb. courtesy, PP; see Cortesye.

Cus, sb. kiss, Prompt.; coss, W; cos, S, W, W2; kosses, pl., MD; cossis, W2.—AS. cos; cp. OHG. cus (Tatian).

Cusen; see Chesen.

Cussen, v. to kiss, S, MD; kussen, S; kesse, S, C2; custe, pt. s., S; keste, C2; kiste, S, C2; kest, S2; cusseden, pl., S2.—AS. cyssan; cp. OHG. cussan (Tatian).

Cust, sb. choice, moral excellence, character, MD; custe, dat., S.—AS. cyst; cp. OHG. kust (Otfrid). See Chesen.

Custome, sb. custom, a public due, MD, S; custume, S; costom, MD.—AF. custume, coustume; Late Lat. *consuetunimem, *consuetuninem; Lat. consuetudinem; see Constans, and SkD (p. 798).

Custome-house, sb. custom-house, S2.

Cut, sb. a cut twig, a lot, C, C3, H, Prompt., MD; kut, H, MD; cutte, Palsg.; kuttis, pl., H. Phr.: to draw cuts, HD. See Kutten.

Cuth, sb. race, people, PP; see Kyth.

Cuth, pp. known, S; see Kunnen.

Cuðe, pt. s. could, knew, S; see Kunnen.

Cuðen, v. to make known, S; see Kythen.

Cuðmon, sb. acquaintance, kinsman, S.—AS. cúðman.

Cuðreden, sb. familiarity, MD.

Cuððe, sb. relationship, one’s native land, S, MD; see Kyth, Ceðen, Cheðen.

Cut-purs, sb. cut-purse thief, PP; kitte-pors, PP. See Kutten.

Cwakien, v. to quake, S; see Quaken.

Cwalm, sb. death, pestilence, MD; see Qualm.

Cwalm-hus, sb. prison, place of torment, MD.

Cwalm-stow, sb. place of execution, S, MD.—AS. cwealm-stów (Schmid).

Cwað, pt. s. quoth, S; see Queðen.

Cwead-schipe, sb. wickedness, S; see Quedschipe.

Cwellen, v. to kill, S; see Quellen.

Cweme, adj. pleasing, S; see Queme.

Cwemen, v. to please, S; see Quemen.

Cwennkenn, v. to quench, S; see Quenchen.

Cweðen, v. to speak, S; cweð, pt. s., S; see Queðen.

Cwic, adj. living, S; see Quik.

Cwidden, v. to speak, announce, MD; i-cwiddet, pp., S.—AS. cwiddian.

Cwide, sb. speech, bequest, S; see Queðen.—AS. cwide, a saying.

Cyll, sb. a canopy, SkD (s.v. ceil).—OF. ciel, canopy, inner roof, ceiling (Cotg.); Lat. caelum, see Brachet, p. lv.

Cyne-rice, sb. kingdom, rule, S; see Kine-.

Cyrce-iærd, church-yard, S; see Chirche-ȝeard.

D.

Dade, sb. deed, S; see Dede.

Dæd, adj. dead, S; see Deed.

Dæde, sb. pl. deeds, S; see Dede.

Dæi, sb. day, S; dæȝe, pl., S; see Day.

Dære, adj. dear, S; see Dere.

Dæð, sb. death, S; see Deeþ.

Daft, adj. apt, fit, SkD (p. 799); deft, fit, mild, gentle, innocent, foolish, MD; daffe, a fool, S2, PP; deffe, obtusus, agrestis, Prompt.; defte, dat., S.—AS. dæft.

Dafte-like, adv. fittingly; deftly, MD; defly, MD; dafftelike, S.

Dage, sb. pl. days, S; see Day.

Dagen, v. to become day, S; see Dawen.

Dagge, sb. a jag of cloth, Prompt., MD, HD, CM; dagges, pl. jagged edges, PP.

Daggen, v. to pierce, to notch, to jag, to cut at the edges, MD, PP, SkD (p. 150), CM, HD; daggyn, fractillo, Prompt.; daggyde, pp., Prompt.—Cp. ODu. daggen, to stab. See Jagge.

Dagger, sb. dagger, pugio, CM; daggar, Voc.; daggare, Prompt.

Daghynge, sb. dawning, H; see Dawing.

Dagoun, sb. a jag of a blanket, CM; dagon, HD. See Daggen.

Daheð, sb. dawn; daheðes, gen., S. See Dawen.

Dai, sb. day, S, W; see Day.

Dai-gang, sb. day’s journey, S2.

Dai-liht, sb. daylight, MD; dai-liȝt, S.

Dai-rawe, sb. day-break, MD.

Dai-red, sb. the flush of morn, MD.

Dai-rime, sb. the edge of dawn, MD; dai-rim, S.—AS. dæg-rima.

Dai-sterre, sb. day-star, S, W2; day-sterre, PP.—AS. dæg-steorra, morning-star.

Dale, sb. dale, valley, S, PP; dele, S; dalen, dat., S; dales, pl., MD; deales, MD.—AS. dæl: Goth. dal; see Sievers, 49.

Dalf, pt. s. dug, W; see Deluen.

Daliaunce, sb. talk, C, C2, C3; daliance, MD.—AF. daliaunce, interference.

Dalien, v. to talk, Prompt.; dalye, to play and sport, Palsg., MD.—AF. dayler, to dally.

Dal-neominde, pr. p. as sb. partaker, sharer, S.—OMerc. dœl-niomend, Ps. 118. 63 (VP.).

Dalte, pt. s. dealt, G; see Deelen.

Damage, sb. damage, loss, Prompt., MD; domage, S3.—AF. damage (also OF. damage); Late Lat. *damnaticum, from Lat. damnum.

Dame, sb. dame, lady, dam, S, C3, MD; dam, MD.—AF. dame; Lat. domina.

Damesele, sb. damsel, S, W2, MD; damoysele, C.—AF. damoysele; Late Lat. domicella, for *dominicella; see Constans.

Dan, sb. a title of respect placed before personal names, MD, C2, CM; danz, MD; daun, MD, CM; dene, S3.—OF. danz, dans; Lat. dominus; in oblique case OF. dam; Lat. dominum, see Bartsch and Roland.

Dang, pt. s. beat, S3; see Dyngen.

Dar, 1 pr. s. I dare, MD; dear, MD; der, MD; darst, 2 pr. s., S, C3; dærst, MD; derst, MD; dar, pr. s., MD, C2, C3, P; durren, pl., MD; duren, S; doren, W; durre, pr. subj. s., MD; pl., S; durste, pt. subj. s., S; durst, MD, P; durste, pl., S; dorste, S, S2, C2; dorst, S2, P; durren, v., MD.—AS. dear, I dare, 2 pr. s. dearst, pl. durron, subj. durre, pt. s. dorste.

Dare, adj. dark, S; see Derk.

Darked, pt. s. lay hid, S; see Derken.

Darklyng, adv. in the dark, S3, Sh.

Dasewen, v. to be dim, MD; daswen, C3; dasewide, pt. s., W2.—Cp. E. daze.

Daun, sb. a title of respect, CM; see Dan.

Daunger, sb. absolute control, power, also difficulty, MD, PP, C; daungere, refusal, denial, S3; power to harm, PP.—OF. dangier, dongier, power, lordship, refusal, danger, (Bartsch); Late Lat. *dominiarium, from Lat. dominium, see Brachet.

Daungerous, adj. haughty, difficult to please, MD, C2, C.

Daunten, v. to force, tame, MD, S2, S3, P.—AF. danter, OF. donter (F. dompter); Lat. domitare.

Daw, sb. dew, S; see Dew.

Daw, sb. day, S2; see Day.

Dawen, v. to become day, C2, PP, Prompt., Palsg., MD, JD; dagen, S, Prompt.; daȝede, pt. s., MD.—AS. dagian.

Dawing, sb. dawning, S3; dagheynge, H; daghynge, H.

Dawnen, v. to dawn, Prompt.

Dawning, sb. dawning, MD; dawenynge, C.

Day, sb. day, SkD; dæi, S; dai, S, W (1 Cor.4. 3); daȝȝ, S; dei, S; dæies, gen., S; deies, S; phr.: be dæies, by day, S; now a dayes, C2; daie, dat., S; daw, S2; daȝes, pl., S; dayes, S; dawes, S, PP; dage, S; daga, gen., MD; daȝa, MD, daȝene, MD; dawene, MD; dahene, MD, S; dæȝen, dat., S; dæȝe, S; daiȝe, S; Phr. to give day, to give trust, S3; bring of daw, to kill, S2.—AS. dæg, dæges, dæge; pl. dagas, daga (and dagena), dagum.

Dayerie, sb. dairy, C; deyry, Voc., Prompt. See Deye.

Dayesie, sb. daisy, CM; dayesye, CM; dais-eie, Voc.; dayes-eȝes, pl., S2.—AS. dæges-éage, i.e. day’s eye (Voc.).

Daynen, v. to deign, S2; see Deynen.

Dayntethis, sb. pl. dainties, H, MD.—OF. deintet; Prov. dentat, dintat; Lat. dignitatem. Cf. Deyntee.

Dayre, sb. dairy-maid, androchia, Voc. See Deye.

De, v. to die, S3; see Deyen.

De-; see Dis-.

Deað, pr. s. doeth, S; see Don.

Deawes, sb. pl. dews, S2; see Dew.

Debat, sb. strife, discord, C2; debate, S3, P; debaat, C3.—AF. debat.

De-baten, v. to contend, fight, MD, C2.—OF. debatre (pr. p. debatant), It. dibattere, (Florio).

Debonaire, adj. mild, gentle, MD, C; debonere, S2; deboner, W2, H; deboneire, MD; dubonure, S2; debonayr, S3; debonur, H.—OF. debonaire; cp. OIt. di bon aire. Cf. Bonaire.

Debonerte, sb. gentleness, MD, H.—OF. debonerete, debonnaireteit (Ps. 44. 4).

De-breiden, v. to tear apart, W.—This is a hybrid form: de + ME. breiden.

De-breken, v. to break asunder, to tear, S2; debroken, pp., MD.—A hybrid form.

Debrusen, v. to bruise; debrise, MD; debrusede, pt. s., MD; debrused, S2.—AF. debruser, OF. debriser.

Deburs, v. disburse, pay, S3; see Disburse.

Deceit, sb. deceit, MD; disseit, W2.—AF. deceit; Late Lat. decepta.

Deciple, sb. disciple, S; see Disciple.

Ded, sb. death, S2, PP.—Cp. Swed. and Dan. död, death. See Deeþ.

Ded, adj. dead, S, PP; see Deed.

Dede, pt. s. did, S, S2; deden, pl.; see Don.

Dede, sb. deed, S, S2, PP; dade, S; dede, pl., S; dæde, S; dedes, S, S2; deades, MD.—AS. déd, (dǽd); cp. Goth. ga-dēths, see Brugmann, § 75.

Dede, pt. pl. died, S3; see Deyen.

Dede, sb. death, PP, S, S2, S3; see Ded, Deeþ.

Dede-stoure, sb. death-struggle, S2.

Dedeyn, sb. disdain, W, H; see Disdeyn.

Dedeyne, v. to deign, S3. See Deynen.

Dedly, adj. liable to death, H; see Deedli.

Deduit, sb. delight, pleasure, MD, HD; deduyt, C; dedut, MD; dute, MD.—AF. deduit; cp. Late Lat. deductus, ‘animi oblectatio’ (Ducange); from OF. deduire, (refl.) to rejoice; Late Lat. deducere.

Dee, sb. a die, MD; die, Sh.; dees, pl. dice, PP, C2, C3; dys, PP, C.—OF. de (pl. dez): It. dado, Prov. dat; Lat. datum.

Deed, adj. dead, S2, C2; ded, S, PP; dæd, S; dyad, S2; deade, pl., S.—AS. déad; cp. Icel. dauðr, Goth. dauþs.

Deedli, adj. mortal, subject to death, deadly, W, W2; dedly, H, PP; diadlich, S; dedlich, MD, PP.—AS. déadlic.

Deef, adj. deaf, MD, C; def, MD; deue, pl., C3.—AS. déaf: Goth. daubs.

Deel, sb. deal, share, MD, G; del, S, S3; deal, MD; deyl, S2. Phr.: neuer a deyl, not a bit, S2; euery deyl, S2.—AS. dǽl; cp. Goth. dails (daili-); see Douse, p. 94.

Deelen, v. to deal, share, divide, MD; delen, S2, G; delte, pt. s., C3; dalte, G; deled, pp., G.—AS. dǽlan: Goth. dailjan, from daili-; see Douse, p. 113.

Deep, adj. deep, C; dep, S; deop, S, MD; dyep, MD; dup, MD; depe, sb., S2, C3; deopre, comp., S; deope, adv., S; deoppre, comp., S; depper, C3.—AS. déop; cp. Goth. diups, Icel. djúpr.

Deer, sb. wild animal, C2; der, S; diere, dat., S; deer, pl., C2.—AS. déor; cp. Goth. dius, wild beast.

Deeþ, sb. death, C2; dæð, S, MD; deð, S; diath, S; dyaþ, S2; dead, S; ded, S2, PP; deaðe, dat., S; deðe, S, S2; dede, S, S2, S3.—AS. déaþ; cp. Icel. dauði, dauðr: Goth. dauþus.

Defame; see Diffame.

Defaute, sb. defect, fault, S2, C2, PP; defalte, S2; defautis, pl., S3, W2.—AF. defaute, defalte.

Defenden, v. to protect, to forbid, S2, MD, C3, H.—AF. defendre; Lat. defendere.

Defense, sb. protection, prohibition, MD; defence, S2.—AF. defense, defence.

Defet, pp. defeated, MD.—AF. defet, aefait, pp. of defaire.

Defien, v. to digest, MD, PP, HD; defye, S2; defy, Cath.

Defien, v. to mistrust, to defy, PP; defye, despicere, Cath.—AF. defier, OF. desfier: It. disfidare, to defy, (Florio).

Defiguren, v. to disfigure; defygurd, pp., S2.—AF. desfigurer.

Defless, sb. pl., devils, S; deflen, S; see Deuel.

Defoulen, v. to tread down, MD, W, W2, H, SkD (s.v. defile); defoilen, MD, SkD; defoulid, pp., W2.—OF. defouler, to trample on, rebuke (Cotg).; cp. fouler (Bartsch), foller, Ps. 138. 11; It. follare, to press, to full clothes (Florio); Lat. *fullare, to full cloth; cp. fullo, a fuller.

De-foulen, v. to make foul, inquinare, MD; defowlyn, Prompt.; defoulid, pp., W.—A hybrid form, de + ME. fulen. See Fulen.

Defte, adj. gentle, S; see Daft.

Deghe, v. to die, S2; see Deyen.

Degoutit, pp. spotted, S3. Cp. OF. degoutter (Cotg.), and Lat. gutta, a drop, a spot, speck on an animal.

Degyse, adj. fashionable, finical, H.—OF. desguisé, dissembled, sophisticated (Cotg.). See Disgysen.

Degyset, pp. disguised, S2; see Disgysen.

Deh, sb. dye, colour, SkD.—AS. déah.

Dehtren, sb. pl. daughters, S; see Dohter.

Dei, sb. day, S; see Day.

Deide; see Deyen.

Deih, pr. s. profits, S; see Duȝen.

Dei-hwamliche, adv. every day, S.—AS. dæg-hwamlice.

Deir, v. to harm, S3; see Dere.

Deken, sb. deacon, MD; diakne, MD; deakne, MD; dekene, W; deknes, pl., S2, C3.—AS. diacon; Church Lat. diaconus; Gr. διάκονος (NT).

Del, sb. deal, share, S, S3; see Deel.

Del, sb. grief, S2; see Dole.

Dele, sb. dale, S; see Dale.

Delen, v. to deal, S2, G; see Deelen.

Delfin, sb. dolphin, Voc.; delfyne, Prompt.; delfyn, SkD; delfyns, pl., MD; delphyns, S2.—Lat. delphinus; Gr. δελφιν- (stem of δελφίς).

Delful, adj. doleful, S2; see Dolefulle.

Delfulli, adv. dolefully, MD; see Dolfully.

Delices, sb. pl. delights, H, C3, W2; delicis, W, H.—OF. delices; Lat. delicias.

Delit, sb. delight, MD; delyt, S3, C2, C3.—OF. delit, deleit.

Delitable, adj. delightful, PP, S3, W2, H; delytable, S2, C2; dilitable, S2.—AF. delitable; Lat. delectabilem.

Delite, v. to delight, Cath., PP, W2; delyting, pr. p., C2.—AF. deliter; Lat. delectare.

Delitingis, sb. pl. delights, W2.

Deliuer, adj. quick, active, MD; delyuere, C.—OF. delivre, quick, literally ‘freed.’

Deliueren, v. to set free, MD; deliuery, S2; delyuery, PP.—AF. deliverer; Late Lat. deliberare; Lat. de + liberare.

Deliuerly, adv. quickly, nimbly, S2; delyuerly, S2, C.

Deluen, v. to delve, dig, S, C2, P, W; dalf, pt. s., MD, W; dalfe, W; doluen, pl., MD, P; delueden (weak pt.), W2; dolue, subj., S2; i-doluen, pp., S; y-dolue, S2; doluen, buried, S, P; i-doluen, S2.—AS. delfan, pt. dealf (pl. dulfon), pp. dolfen.

Deluers, sb. pl. diggers, S2; delueres, P.

Deme, sb. judge, S.—AS. déma.

Demen, v. to give doom, to judge, decree, S, S2, S3, C2; deeme, S2; demde, pt. s., S; i-demed, pp., S; y-demed, S; y-demd, S2; i-demd, S; demet, S; dempt, S.—AS. déman: OS. dómian, Goth. domjan. See Doom.

Demenen, v. to manage, to behave (refl.), MD; demenyng, pr. p. shewing, S3.—OF. demener, to carry on, make; demener joie, to rejoice, also demener dol, to grieve, Bartsch; cp. Cotg., and the phrase demener dolor in Roland.

Demere, sb. judge, S; demare, S.—AS. démere.

Demeyne, sb. power, possession, C2; demayn, MD; demeigne, MD.—OF. demeine, property, that which belongs to a lord; Lat. dominicum, from dominus; see Roland.

Dene, sb. a title of respect, S3; see Dan.

Dene, sb. din, noise, PP, MD; see Dyn.

Deneis, sb. pl. Danes, S2.—OF. Deneis; Low Lat. Denensis, a Dane, see Brachet, lvii.

Denie, v. to din; see Dinnen.

Denne, sb. den, MD; den, S; dennes, pl., S2, W, H; dennys, H.—AS. denn.

Dennen, v. to dwell; dennede, pt. s., S.

Denounce, v. to command, W (= Lat. denunciare).—OF. denoncer, to declare.

Dent, sb. blow, S, S2, PP, CM; dynt, S3; dint, S, S2; dunt, S, S2.—AS. dynt.

Deofell, sb. devil, S; see Deuel.

Deol, sb. grief, S, S2; see Dole.

Deop, adj. deep, S; see Deep.

Deopliche, adv. deeply, S.

Deopnesse, sb. deepness, S; see Depnesse.

Deore, v. to last, S2; see Duren.

Deore, adj. dear, S; see Dere.

Deore-wurðe, adj. precious, S; see Derewurðe.

Deorling, sb. darling, S; see Derling.

Deorne, adj. secret, dark, S; see Derne.

Deouele, sb. devil, S; see Deuel.

Dep, adj. deep, S; see Deep.

Departen, v. to separate, divide, PP, S3, C3, W, W2; to become separated, S2; depart, pp., S3.—AF. departir; OF. despartir; It. dispartire (Florio).

Departere, sb. a divider, W.

Departyng, sb. division, W; departyngis, pl., W2.

Depaynt, pp. painted, S3; depeynted, C; depaynted, S3; depeynt, pt. pl., S3.—OF. depeindre (pp. depeint).

Depayntar, sb. painter, S3.

Depe, sb. depth, S2, C3.—AS. dýpe.

Depen, v. to dip, S2.

Deplike, adv. deeply, MD; deopliche, S.—AS. déoplice.

Depnesse, sb. deepness, depth, MD; depnes, S2; deopnesse, S.—AS. déopnes.

Depraue, v. to slander, depreciate, W2, PP.—Lat. deprauare, to distort.

Depuren, v. to purify, S3, MD.—OF. depurer; Late Lat. depurare.

Der, sb. wild animal, S; see Deer.

Derby;—phr.: father Derbies bands, handcuffs, S3; Darbies bands, DG; darbies, DG.

Dere, sb. harm, injury, MD; darr, MD; der, S3.—AS. daru.

Dere, v. to harm, S, S2, C2; derien, S, MD; deir, S3; ders, pr. pl., S2.—AS. derian; cp. OHG. derien (derren) in Otfrid.

Dere, adj. and adv. dear, S, PP; diere, S; duere, S2; dære, S; dure, MD; deore, S; der, S2; deir, MD; derre, comp., C; derrest, superl., P.—AS. déore, dýre: OS. diuri, costly, loved.

Dereliche, adv. dearly, MD; derelych, S2; derli, S2.—AS. déorlice.

Dere-wurðe, adj. precious, S; dereworth, W; dierewurth, S; derworþe, S2, P; deorewurðe, S.—AS. déorwurðe.

Derewurðlice, adv. respectfully, S.

Dereynen, v. to answer to an accusation, to maintain a right in a judicial contest, CM, S2; dereyni, S2; derreyne, C; darreyne, C; dereyned, pp., S2.—AF. dereiner, OF. desresnier; Late Lat. disrationare (also derationare); see Ducange.

Derf, adj. brave, powerful, difficult, hard, MD; derfe, pl., MD; derue, MD, S; derfre, comp., S; derure, S.—Cp. OS. derbi.

Derf, sb. affliction, hardship, S.—AS. (ge)deorf.

Derfliche, adv. severely, cruelly, S.

Derk, adj. dark, MD, S2, PP; deork, MD; dorc, S; darc, S; dirk, MD; durk, MD; derke, dat., S.—AS. deorc.

Derken, v. to make dark, to become dark, MD, S3; dirken, MD; darken, S2.

Derkful, adj. dark, W.

Derkhed, sb. darkness, MD.

Derknesse, sb. darkness, MD, W.

Derling, sb. darling, S, W2; durlyng, S, MD; deorling, S; derlyngis, pl., chosen ones, W, W2.—AS. déorling. See Dere.

Derne, adj. secret, dark, S, S2, P, H; deorne, S; dærne, MD; durne, MD; dern, S2.—AS. derne; cp. OS. derni and MHG. tarn in tarn-kappe, the mantle of darkness, Grimm, p. 870.

Dernel, sb. a kind of weed, rye-grass, lollium, Prompt.; dernell, Palsg.; darnel, S3, MD.

Derring-doe, sb. daring enterprise, ND, S3. See Dar.

Dert, sb. dirt, S3; see Drit.

Derðe, sb. dearth, S, P. See Dere.

Derue, adj. bold, S; derure, comp. more severe, S; see Derf.

Deruen, v. to afflict, S. See Derf, sb.

Des-; see Dis-.

Desaly, Desselic, adv. foolishly, S2; see Dusiliche.

Desarayen, v. reflex. to fall into disorder, S2.—OF. desarroyer.

Desauauntage, sb. disadvantage, S2; disauauntage, MD; disadvauntages, pl., MD.—OF. desavantage.

Descenden, v. to go down, SkD.—AF. descendre; Lat. descendere.

Descensorie, sb. vessel used for extracting oil per descensum, C3.

Descriuen, v. to describe, MD; descryue, S3; descryfe, S2; discryue, S2, S3, C2; discreue, S2; discriued, pp., S2; discryued, W.—OF. descrivre (pr. p. descrivant; Lat. describere.

Deserited; see Disheriten.

Desert, sb. merit, C2.—AF. and OF. deserte, see Ducange (s.v. deservire).

Deserven, v. to merit, MD; disserued, pp., well served, W.—AF. deservir; Late Lat. deservire.

Desi, adj. foolish, MD; see Dusi.

Despeir, sb. despair, MD.—AF. despeir.

Despeiren, v. to despair, MD; despeired, pp., C2.—OF. desperer, Lat. desperare.

Desperate, adj. outrageous, S3.—Lat. desperatus.

Despisabil, adj. despicable, H; dispisable, W2.

Despit, sb. contempt, injury, S2, C3; despyt, C2; despite, WW; dispit, W.—AF. despit; Lat. despectum (acc.).

De-spiteful, adj. full of contempt, WW.

Despitous, adj. ignominious, MD, C; dispitous, contemptuous, S3; despitus, H.

Despitously, adv. contemptuously, spitefully, S2, C2, C3; dispitously, C.

Despoilen, v. to despoil, to strip, MD; dispoilen, C2; dispoyled, pp., S3.—OF. despoiller; Lat. despoliare.

Dest, 2 pr. s. doest, S; see Don.

Destrer, sb. a courser, war-horse, MD; dextrer, C2.—AF. destrer; Late Lat. dextrarium (from Lat. dextra, the right hand), the horse led by the squire on the right of his own horse.

Destroyen, v. to destroy, MD; destruien, MD, C; destrue, S2; distruen, S2; destrie, MD, W, W2; dysstrye, S2; distruyede, pt. s., W; distried, pp., W, W2.—AF. destruire. (pr. p. destruyant); Lat. destruere.

Destroyere, sb. destroyer, Prompt., MD; distrier, W.

Deð, pr. s. doeth, S, S2; see Don.

Deð, sb. death, S; see Deeþ.

Deð-vuel, sb. death-evil, S2.

Dette, sb. debt, C2; dett, adj. due, H.—AF. dette; Lat. debita.

Deue, adj. pl. deaf, C3; see Deef.

Deuh; see Dew.

Deuel, sb. devil, S, S2, W2; deofel, MD; deofell, S; diuel, S; dyeuel, S2; dewill, S3; dewle, Prompt.; dwylle, MD; deouele, S; diefles, gen., S; dieule, dat., S; deofles, pl., MD; defless, S; deoules, S; deoflen, S; deflen, S; deoflene, gen. pl., S.—AS. déofol; Lat. diabolus (Vulg.); Gr. διάβολος; cf. OHG. diufal (Otfrid).

Deuin, sb. prophesying, divinity, theology, MD; diuyn, S2.

Deuine, sb. theologian, augur, soothsayer, MD; dyuynes, pl., MD.—OF. devin; Lat. diuinum.

Deuinen, v. to foretell, guess, suspect, MD; deuyne, PP.

Deuinourr, sb. interpreter, explainer, theologian, MD, PP; dyuynour, PP.

Deuise, sb. tale, narrative, S3; deuys, order, C.

Deuisen, v. to divide, arrange, order, decide, tell, relate, MD, S2; deuyse, C2, C3; deuice, MD, S2; diuise, S2.—AF. deviser, It. divisare; formed from Lat. diuidere (pp. diuisus).

Deuisynge, sb. narration, S2.

Deuoid, pp. as adj. destitute of, SkD.

Deuoiden, v. to quit, leave, also to annihilate, exterminate, MD; deuoyden, S2.—OF. desvoidier, desvuidier.

Devoir, sb. duty, knightly duty, PP, C2; deuoyr, S3; devor, ND, PP; deuer, PP, CM.—OF. devoir (sb. orig. v.); Lat. debere.

Deuouren, v. to devour, MD; devoir, S3.—AF. devourer; Lat. deuorare.

Dew, sb. dew, PP; dæw, MD; daw, S; deu, S; deuh, PP; deawes, pl., S2.—AS. déaw.

Dewill, sb. devil, S3; see Deuel.

Dewite, sb. duty, S3; see Duete.

Dewle, sb. grief, S3; see Dole.

Dextrer, sb. a war-horse, C2; see Destrer.

Deye, sb. a female servant, esp. one who looks after the cows and dairy, androchia, Voc., Prompt., C; deye, a cow-boy, androchius, MD, Cath.—Icel. deigja, see CV; cp. AF. deye.

Deyen, v. to die, S2, PP; deȝen, MD, S2; deghe, S2; deie, S; dey, S3; dye, PP; diȝe, PP; dyȝe, S2, PP; de, S3; deide, pt. s., S, S2; deiȝede, MD; deyde, C2; deid, S2; deit, S3; dede, pl., S3; deyed, pp., C2.—Icel. deyja: OS. dóian.

Deyen, v. to dye, MD; dyyn, Prompt.; dyed, pt. s., C2.—AS. déagian, from déah. See Deh.

Deyere, sb. dyer, C.

Deyl, sb. deal, share, S2; see Deel.

Deynen, v. to deign, to appear good, to please, MD, CM, S2; deignen, MD; daynede, pt. s., S2; dæyned him, (refl.) C2.—AF. deigner; Lat. dignare.

Deynous, adj. proud, disdainful, MD, CM, Cath. (p. 95, n.).

Deyntee, sb. worth, pleasure, liking, S2, C2, C3; deynte, S2; deinte, MD; deyntees, pl., S2, C2, C3.—OF. daintie, deintet, Prov. din-tat; Lat. dignitatem. Cf. Dayntethis.

Deyntee, adj. dainty, C2, C3.

Deynteuous, adj. choice, dainty, C2.

Deys, sb. daïs, high table in hall, C, C2, PP; deyes, PP; deis, PP; dese, PP; deyse, PP; dees, MD; des, MD; day, canopy, JD.—OF. deis (AF. dois); Lat. discum (acc.), see Brachet, p. lxv. Cf. Disshe.

Deȝter, sb. pl. daughters, S2; see Dohter.

Di-; see De-, Dis-.

Dia, sb. A term set before medicinal confections or electuaries that were devised by the Greeks, Cotg.; dya, HD; dyas, pl. remedies, medicines, PP.—Gr. διὰ. See Dia-penidion.

Diadlich, adj. mortal, S; see Deedli.

Diamant, sb. diamond, PP, Cath.; dyamand, MD; dyamaunt, C.—OF. diamant, a diamond, the loadstone (Cotg.). See Adamant.

Dia-penidion, sb. a kind of sweet stuff like barley-sugar used to relieve coughs, PP; diapenydion, PP; diopendion, S2.—OF. diapenidion, It. diapenídio, cp. diapiéde, ‘a diapedon or confection made of Penids’ (Florio). See Dia and Penid.

Diaper, sb. a kind of figured cloth; dyaper, MD; diapery, MD.—OF. diaspre, diaspe, diapered cloth; Lat. iaspidem, jasper; from Gr. ἴασπις, probably of Semitic origin; see Diez, p. 119.

Diaper, v. to variegate, adorn with figures and colours, ND; diapred, pp., ND; dyapred, C.

Diath, sb. death, S; see Deeþ.

Dicht, pp. prepared, S2; see Dihten.

Diciples, sb. pl. disciples, S; see Disciple.

Dide, pt. s. did, caused, put, S; see Don.

Diefles, sb. gen. devil’s, S; see Deuel.

Dier, sb. wild animal, beast; diere, dat., S; see Deer.

Dier-chin, sb. deer-kind, beasts, S.

Diere, adj. dear, S; see Dere.

Diere-wurð, adj. precious, S; see Derewurðe.

Diete, sb. diet, food, MD, C; dyetis, pl., PP.—OF. diete; Late Lat. dieta, Lat. diæta; Gr. δίαιτα.

Dieten, v. to diet; diȝete, pr. subj. S2, PP.

Dieð, pr. s. doeth, S; see Don.

Dieule, sb. dat. devil, S; see Deuel.

Diffacen, v. to deface, MD; deface, to obliterate, C2; defaste, pp., S3.—OF. deffacer.

Dif-faden, v. to fade away, MD; defade, to cause to fade, S3; defadide, pp., HD.

Diffame, sb. dishonour, disgrace, MD, S3, C2; defame, C3.—OF. diffame.

Diffamen, v. to spread abroad a rumour, also to slander, MD, S2; defame, C2; diffameden, pt. pl., W; defamed, pp., W, C3.—AF. diffamer, to slander; Lat. diffamare, to spread abroad a report.

Digne, adj. worthy, proud, MD, C, C2, C3, S2, S3; dygne, S2. Phr.: digne as dich-water, i.e. making people keep their distance, S3.—OF. digne; Lat. dignum.

Dignelich, adv. worthily, P; dyngneliche, S2.

Dignete, sb. worth, dignity, high office, MD; dignitee, C2; dingnetes, pl., S2.—AF. dignete; Lat. dignitatem. Cf. Deyntee.

Dihten, v. to order, rule, prepare, adorn, MD, S2; diȝten, MD; diȝtti, S2; diht, pr. s., S; dightes, S2; dihte, pt. s., S; diȝte, S2; diht, pp., S2; diȝt, MD, S2; dight, MD, S3; ydiȝt, S2, S3; dyȝt, S2; dicht, S2; ydyȝt, S3; dygth, H.—AS. dihtan; Lat. dictare.

Dilatacioun, sb. extension, diffuseness, S2, C3.—Lat. dilatationem.

Dilitable, adj. delightful, S2; see Delitable.

Dim, adj. dim, MD; dym, C; dymme, MD; dimme, pl., S.—AS. dim.

Dimliche, adv. dimly, softly (of sound), MD; dimluker, comp., S.

Dimnes, sb. dimness, S2.

Dinnen, v. to din, MD; dunien, MD; denie, S; dinede, pt. s., MD; donyd, MD; dynnit, MD.—AS. dynian; cp. Icel. dynja. See Dyn.

Dint, sb. blow, S, S2; see Dent.

Dinten, v. to strike, S.

Diopendion, sb. a kind of barley-sugar, S2; see Dia-penidion.

Dirige, sb. the name of an anthem in the office for the dead beginning with the words from Ps. 5. 8, ‘Dirige, Dominus meus,’ MD, S3; dyrge, MD; dorge, MD.

Dis-; see Des-.

Disburse, v. to pay out of a purse, Sh.; deburs, S3.—OF. desbourser.

Dischargen, v. to unload, MD; deschargen, MD; dischargiden, pt. pl., W.—AF. descharger.

Dischevele, pp. with hair in disorder, MD, C.—OF. deschevelé, pp. of descheveler, to dischevel (Cotg.).

Disciple, sb. disciple, W (John 20. 2); disciplis, pl., PP, W; diciples, S; deciples, S; decipelis, S2.—AF. disciple; Lat. discipulum (acc.).

Disciplesse, sb. a woman-disciple, W.

Discipline, sb. chastisement, MD; disceplines, pl. flagellations, S.—OF. discipline (Cotg.); Church Lat. disciplina (Ducange).

Disclaundre, v. to slander, S2, C3.

Printed between Disciple and Disciplesse, with expected cross-reference to Sclaundre missing.

Disclaundre, sb. evil fame, S2, PP; desclandre, MD; dislander, ND. See Sclaundre.

Disclose, v. to disclose, S3; desclosen, S2.—OF. desclore (subj. -close); Lat. disclaudere.

Discomfiten, v. to defeat, to put to the rout, MD; dyscowmfytyn, Prompt.; disconfet, pt. s., MD; disconfite, MD; pp., MD; discumfyst, S3; dysconfited, S3.—OF. desconfire (pp. desconfit); Lat. dis + conficere.

Discomfiture, sb. defeat, MD; disconfiture, C.—AF. descumfiture, desconfiture.

Disconfort, sb. discomfort, C; discomfort, W.

Disconforten, v. to trouble, discomfort, C; disconfort, S3; discomforten, MD.—OF. desconforter.

Discoueren, v. to discover, uncover, MD, C3; diskeuer, MD; discure, S3.—OF. descovrir, descuvrir.

Disdeyn, sb. disdain, C2; desdayn, CM; desdeyn, C; dedeyn, MD, W, H; dedeyne, HD.—AF. dedeigne, OF. desdein.

Disdeyne, v. to disdain, C2; desdainen, MD.—AF. desdeigner, It. disdegnare.

Disese, sb. lack of ease, MD, S2, C2, C3, W; desese, S3.—OF. desaise.

Diseseful, adj. troublesome, W2.

Disesid, pp. troubled, W.

Disgysen, v. to disguise, MD; degisen, PP, MD; degyset, pp., S2; disguised, S3.—AF. degiser, degyser, OF. desguiser. Cf. Degyse.

Disheriten, v. to disinherit, S2; deseritede, pt. s., S2; deserited, pp., S2; disheryt, C.—AF. desheriter, OF. deseriter.

Disjoint, sb. perplexity, MD; disjoynt, C.—OF. desjoinct, pp. of desjoindre; Lat. disjungere.

Dismayen, v. to dismay, G; desmayen, MD.—OF. *desmayer; cp. Sp. desmayar, also (with different prefix), OF. esmaier, Prov. esmagar, It. smagare.

Disour, sb. professional story-teller, minstrel, MD; disoures, pl., P.—OF. disour, diseor: Sp. dicedor, It. dicitore, from Lat. dicere.

Disparage, sb. a want of parity or equality, especially in birth or station, disparagement, disgrace, C2. See Parage.

Disparagen, v. to disparage, disgrace; desparaged, pp., MD.—AF. desparager.

Disparplen, v. to become scattered, also to scatter, W; desparplen, MD, S2; dysparplyn, Prompt.; sparplyn, Prompt.; disperpelde, pt. s., H; deperpeyld, H; disparpoilid, pp., S2; disparplid, disparplit, W.—OF. deparpillier, Ps. 21. 14 (cp. It. sparpagliare, Florio); from OF. *parpille, butterfly; Lat. papilio, see Brachet (s.v. éparpiller), and Diez, p. 236.

Dispence, sb. expenditure, C, C2, S3; despense, C2, MD; dispenses, pl., S3.—OF. despense.

Dispenden, v. to spend, S3, C2, H; despenden, C2, MD; dispent, pp., S3.—AF. despendre; Late Lat. dispendere, to weigh out.

Dispendour, sb. steward, W; dispendere, W.

Dispers, pp. dispersed, S3, MD.—Lat. dispersus.

Displesance, sb. annoyance, C3.—OF. desplaisance.

Disport, sb. pleasure, recreation, S2, S3, C2, C3; desport, C3, MD.—AF. desport, mirth; cp. OF. deport (Bartsch).

Disporten, v. to cheer, amuse, MD.—OF. se desporter, se deporter; cp. It. diportare (compounded with Lat. de-).

Disposed, pp.; in phr.: wel disposed, in good health, C3.

Disputen, v. to dispute, MD; desputen, MD.—AF. desputer; Lat. disputare.

Disputeson, sb. disputation, MD; disputisoun, C; desputisoun, MD.—OF. desputeson; Lat. disputationem (for -eson = -tionem, see Ps. Introd. xxx).

Disseit; see Deceit.

Disseueren, v. to separate, C3.—AF. deseverer; Lat. dis + separare.

Disshe, sb. dish, PP; disch, S; dysche, discus, Voc.; dysshe, discus, Prompt.; dishe, disc, quoit, MD; disse, S; dysshes, pl., S2.—AS. disc; Lat. discus; Gr. δίσκος, quoit. Cf. Deys.

Dissheres, sb. a female dish-seller, P.

Dissimulen, v. to pretend a thing is not so, MD, C3; dissymilide, pt. s., W2.—Lat. dissimulare.

Dissimulinge, sb. dissembling, C2, C3.

Distaf, sb. distaff, C2; dystaf, Voc.; dysestafe, Voc.

Distinguen, v. to distinguish, MD; destingeþ, pr. pl., MD; distyngis, imp. pl., H; distingwed, pp., MD; distyngid, H.—OF. distinguer.

Distrier, sb. destroyer, W; see Destroyere.

Distraught, pp. distracted, tormented, S3; distrauhte, MD; destrat, SkD.—OF. destrait (F. distrait); Lat. distractum, pp. of distrahere.

Distresse, sb. distress, misery, S2; destresse, MD.—AF. destresse, destresce; Late Lat. *districtitia from Lat. districtus, pp. of distringere, to pull asunder, to punish.

Distreynen, v. to vex, S3; destreyne, C; distrayne, S3.—AF. destreindre (pr. p. destreignant); Lat. distringere.

Disturben, v. to disturb; destourbe, C3; distourbe, MD; desturbi, MD.—AF. desturber; Lat. disturbare.

Disturblen, v. to disturb, trouble, MD, W, W2; disturblid, pp., S2, W, W2. Cp. OF. tourbler, torbler (F. troubler); Late Lat. *turbulare, from Lat. turbare.

Disturblyng, sb. disturbance, W, W2.

Diten, v. to indict for trespass, Prompt.—OF. dicter; Lat. dictare. Cf. Dihten.

Diuel, sb. devil, S; see Deuel.

Diueren, v. to tremble, S, MD.

Diuise, v. to tell of, describe, S2; see Deuisen.

Diuulgate, pp. divulged; dy-wlgat, S3.—Lat. diuulgatus.

Diuyn; see Deuin.

Diyngis, sb. pl. dyes, colours, W2; see Deyen.

Diȝe, to die; see Deyen.

Diȝel, adj. secret, MD; diȝele, dat., S.—AS. dígol, dégol, déogol, déagol; cp. OHG. tougali (Tatian), also with different suffix, dougan (Otfrid).

Diȝte, pt. s. ordained, S2; diȝt, pp. prepared, S2; see Dihten.

Doale, sb. dole, portion, S3; see Dool.

Docken, v. to cut away the tail, decaudare, MD; to cut short, C; dokkyn, Prompt. See Dok.

Dodden, v. to crop, lop branches, MD, Prompt.; i-dodded, pp., S; doddyd (as trees), Prompt.

Doddit, adj. without horns, JD; doddy, JD; doddie, sb. cow without horns, JD.

Dogge, sb. dog, MD, S2, Voc., Prompt., W2 (Ps. 21. 21), PP, C2.—AS. docga.

Dohter, sb. daughter, S; doȝter, S, S2; douȝter, P, W2; dowter, S; douhtres, pl., S; douȝtres, P; douȝtris, W2; doutres, S; deȝter, S2; doȝtren, S2; doughtren, C; dehtren, dat., S.—AS. dohtor (dehter, dat. s.); cp. Goth. dauhtar; see Sievers, 93.

Dok, sb. a tail, MD, JD.—ONorse dockr; see MD.

Doke, sb. duck, S2, Voc., PP, C; douke, PP; docke, Prompt.; duke, Voc.; duk, PP.

Dole, sb. grief, P, CM; deol, S, MD, S2; duel, MD; doel, P; diol, MD; dol, MD; dool, S2, CM; dul, MD; del, MD, S2; dewle, S3; dule, S3.—OF. doel, duel, deol, dol, del; Late Lat. *dolium, from dol-, stem of Lat. dolere, to grieve; see Constans, supplement, p. 23.

Dolefulle, adj. doleful, MD; delful, S2, MD.

Dolfin, sb. dolphin, MD; doulphyn, Palsg.—OF. doulphin (Palsg.), daulphin (Cotg.), Prov. dalfin; Lat. delphinum. Cp. Delfin.

Dolfully, adv. dolefully, G; delfulli, MD.

Doluen, pt. pl. dug, P; pp. buried, S, P; see Deluen.

Dom, sb. judgment, S, S2, W; dome, S2, G; see Doom.

Domage, sb. damage, loss, S3; see Damage.

Domb, adj. dumb, MD, C3; doumb, MD; dum, Prompt.; dom, MD; dumbe, Manip.; doumbe, S, S2; dome, S3.—AS. dumb; cp. Goth. dumbs, OHG. dumb, foolish (Otfrid).

Dome, sb. doom, S2; domes, pl., S2, G; see Doom.

Domes-day, sb. dooms-day, P; domesdai, S; domesdei, S.—AS. dómes-dæg.

Domes-man, sb. judge, S, W, W2; domysmen, pl. H.

Domlen, v. to be dull; domland, pr. p. clouding over, S2.

Dom-place, sb. judgment-hall, W.

Don, v. to do, put, make, cause, S; do, S, S2; donne, ger., S, S2; done, S2, MD; doand, pr. p., S2; doande, CM; doing, S3; doð, imp. pl. S; dest, 2 pr. s., S; deð, pr. s., S, S2; dieð, S; deað, S; doð, S, S2; doð, pl., S, S2; done, S2; dude, pt. s., S2; dide, S; dede, S, S2; ded, S2; duden, pl., S; deden, S; dyden, S; dude, S2; ydoon, pp., C2; idon, S, S2; idone, S; ido, S, S2; ydon, S2; ydo, S2; don, S2; doon, MD; do, S2, MD.—AS. dón, pt. s. dyde, pp. ge-dón.

Donet, sb. grammar, primer, elementary instruction, PP, S2.—From Donatus, the grammarian; see Cotg. (s.v. donat).

Dong, pt. s. beat, MD; dongen, pp., S2, H; see Dyngen.

Donjoun, sb. the highest tower of a castle, also the dungeon or underground prison, MD; dongeon, P; dongoun, MD; dungun, S2.—AF. dongoun, OF. dongon, donjon: Prov. dompnhon; Late Lat. domnionem, a tower that dominates (Ducange), dominionem, lordship, from Lat. dominium.

Donk, adj. moist, S3, JD; danke, MD.—Cp. Icel. dökkr, obscure (stem *danku).

Donken, v. to moisten, MD, S2.

Don-ward, adv. downward, S2; see Dounward.

Doo, sb. doe, Voc., Palsg., W2; do, MD; da, MD; days, pl., S3.—AS. dá.

Dool, sb. dole, share, portion, MD; dole, MD; doale, S3.—AS. dál (see OET).

Doom, sb. doom, judgment, sentence, W; dom, S, W, S2; dome, S2; domes, pl., S2, G.—AS. dóm: Goth. doms.

Dorc, adj. dark, S; see Derk.

Dore, sb. door, MD, S2, C3; dur, MD, S3; dure, S.—AS. duru; cp. Gr. θύρα; see Brugmann, § 51.

Dore-tre, sb. bar of a door, P.

Dore-ward, sb. porter, door-keeper, S2; durewart, S.

Dorren, pr. pl. dare, MD; doren, W; dorste, pt. subj. pl., S, S2, C2; see Dar.

Dortour, sb. dormitory, MD, S3, CM; dorture, Voc.; dorter, Voc.—OF. dortour, dortoir; Lat. dormitorium.

Dosc, adj. dusk, S; deosc, MD.

Doseyn, num. dozen, C; see Dozein.

Dotard, sb. dotard, MD, Sh.

Dote, sb. fool, S, MD; dotest, adj. superl., very foolish, S2.

Dotel, sb. fool, MD; dottel, Manip.

Doten, v. to dote, to be foolish, childish, MD, S2, C2.

Doucte, pt. s. had value, S; see Duȝen.

Doughtren, sb. pl. daughters, C; see Dohter.

Doughty, adj. brave, C2, G; see Duȝti.

Douhtres, sb. pl. daughters, S; see Dohter.

Doumbe, adj. dumb, S, S2; see Dumb.

Doun, sb. a down, hill, MD; dun, MD; doune, S2; dune, dat., MD; downes, pl., MD; dounes, S2; dun, adv., down, S; don, S2; doun, S2, W.—AS. dún.

Doun-right, adv. right down, S2.

Doun-ward, adv. downward, MD; donward, S2; dunward, S.

Doute, sb. fear, doubt, MD, S2, C2, G; dute, MD, S, S2; dout, S2.—OF. dute, doute, doubte.

Doute-lees, adv. doubtless, S2, C2.

Douten, v. to fear, to doubt, MD, S3; duten, MD, S; dowte, S3; dowt, imp. s., G; doutede, pt. s., S; doutiden, pl., G.—AF. duter, OF. douter; Lat. dubitare.

Douthe; see Duheðe.

Douȝter, sb. daughter, P, W2; doutres, pl., S; see Dohter.

Douene, sb. f. dove, S2; doune, S2; downe, S2. See Dowue.

Dowaire, sb. dower, C2; dower, C2.—AF. douayre (and dowere); Late Lat. dotarium.

Dowen, v. to endow, MD.—OF. douer, doer; Lat. dotare.

Dowen; see Duȝen.

Doweþe, sb. army, host, S. Phr.: doweþes louerd, Lord of Hosts, S; see Duheðe.

Dowter, sb. daughter, S; see Dohter.

Dowue, sb. dove, MD, C3, W; douve, MD; dow, S3.—Icel. dúfa; cp. OS. dúba, Goth. dubo. Cf. Douene.

Doȝter, sb. daughter, S, S2; see Dohter.

Dozein, adj. dozen, S2; doseyn, C.—AF. dozeine, from doze, twelve; Lat. duodecim.

Drad, pp. dreaded, C2; dradde, pt. pl., S; see Dreden.

Dræm, sb. joyful sound, S; see Dreem.

Draf, pt. s. drove, S2; see Driuen.

Draf, sb. draff, husks, dregs, MD, C3, PP, Cath.; draff, JD; draffe, PP; draft, W2.—Icel. draf.

Dragen, v. to draw, S; drah, imp. s., S, S2; drahen, pp., S; see Drawen.

Dragge, sb. a comfit or digestive sweetmeat, dragetum, Prompt., Voc.; dragges, pl., C.—AF. dragge, OF. dragée (Cotg.), Prov. dragea, It. treggéa, an adaptation of Late Gr. τραγήματα, sweetmeats; see Diez, p. 326, Ducange (s.v. tragemata).

Drah, pt. s. suffered, S; see Dreȝen.

Drapen, pt. pl. slew, S; see Drepen.

Drast, sb. dregs, W2; drastys, pl. feces, Voc.; drestys, Prompt.—OMerc. derste, PS. 39, 3 (VP).

Drasty, adj. trashy, worthless, MD, C2; dresti, Prompt.; dresty, Palsg.

Drawen, v. to draw, S, S2, CM; draȝen, S, S2; dragen, S; dreaien, S; dreihen, S; drah, imp. s., S, S2; drawand, pr. p., S2; droh, pt. s., S; droȝ, S, S2; drou, S, S2; drow, S2, C2; drouȝ, S2; drouh, S2; dreuch, S2; drough, S2; droȝen, pl., S; drowen, W; droȝe, S; drowe, S2; dragen, pp., S; drahen, S; ydrawe, C2.—AS. dragan, pt. dróh (pl. drógon), pp. dragen.

Dre, v. to suffer, S2, S3; see Dreȝen.

Drecchen, v. to vex, torment, also to tarry, MD, S, S3, C; drechen, S, S2; draihte, pt. s., MD; drechede, MD; draiht, pp., MD; drecched, MD.—AS. dreccan, pt. drehte, pp. dreht.

Drede, sb. dread, MD, S, S2, C2, W2; dreid, S3; dred, S.

Dreden, v. to dread, S, S2, C2; dredand, pr. p., S2; dradde, pt. s., MD, C2; dredde, MD, C2, W; dredden, pl., MD, W; dradde, S; drad, pp., C2.—AS. (on)-drǽdan, pt. dreord, drǽdde, see Sievers, 394, 395.

Dredful, adj. dreadful, MD; timid, C; dredfule, dat., S.

Drednes, sb. dread, MD; drednesse, S; dridnes, S2.

Dreem, sb. a joyful sound, dream, MD; dream, S; dræm, S; dreme, dat., S; drem, MD, S; dremes, pl., S.—AS. dréam, joyful sound, Icel. draumr, dream; cp. OS. dróm, joy, also dream.

Drehen, v. to suffer, S; see Dreȝen.

Dreid, sb. dread, S3; see Drede.

Dreihen, v. to draw, S; see Drawen.

Drem, sb. dream, S; see Dreem.

Dremels, sb. dream, PP.

Dremen, v. to make a joyful sound, to dream, S; dreamen, S; drempte, pt. s., S; dremden, pl., S.—AS. dréman, to rejoice: OS. drómian; cp. Icel. dreyma, to dream.

Drench, sb. drink, S, MD.

Drenchen, v. to drown, S, S2, C3, W; drinchen, S; dreinchen, S; dreynt, pp., W, C, C2; drent, S3; drenched, C3; drenchid, W.—AS. drencan; cp. Icel. drekkja.

Drenchyng, sb. drowning, S2.

Dreng, sb. servant, retainer, MD; dring, S; drenches, pl., MD; dringches, S.—Icel. drengr, brave man, also bachelor; hence AS. dreng.

Drepen, v. to slay, S, S2; drap, pt. s., MD; drapen, pl., S; drape, MD.—AS. drepan, pt. dræp (pl. drǽpon), pp. drepen.

Drere, sb. grief, S3, ND.

Dreriment, sb. sadness, ND; dreeriment, S3.

Drery, adj. sad, dreary, C2; dreriȝ, MD; drury, MD.—AS. dréorig.

Dreryhead, sb. sorrow, ND.

Dressen, v. to make straight, direct, reach, prepare, dress, S2, S3, C2, C3, W, W2; y-dressed, pp., C2.—OF. dresser, drescier; Late Lat. *dirictiare (It. dirizzare); from Lat. directus, pp. of dirigere. Cp. Late Lat. drictum (Ducange).

Dressyngis, sb. pl. directions (= Lat. directiones), W2.

Dreuen, v. to trouble, afflict, MD; dreued, pt. s., S2; drefedd, pp., MD; dreofedd, MD; i-dreaued, S.—AS. dréfan: OS. dróbian; cp. OHG. druaben (Otfrid), truoben (Tatian), G. trüben. See Drouy.

Drewery, sb. darling, P; see Druerie.

Dreye, adj. dry, C, C2; see Drye.

Dreȝ, adj. continuous, great, powerful, MD; dryȝ, patient, S2.—Icel. drjúgr.

Dreȝen, v. to endure, suffer, continue, MD; dregen, S; dreȝhenn, S; drehen, S; dreye, S; drye, CM; dreghe, H; driȝen, S, MD; dryȝe, S2; drie, S, PP; dree, JD; dre, S2, S3; drah, pt. s., S; dreg, MD; dryȝed, continued, S2; druhen, pl., MD; drogen, pp., MD.—AS. dréogan, pt. dréah (pl. drugon), pp. drogen.

Dreȝ-ly, adv. continuously, earnestly, S2, MD; dryȝly, patiently, S2.

Dridnes, sb. dread, S2; see Drednes.

Drihten, sb. Lord (only used for God, Christ), S; dryhtin, S; dryhten, S; drigten, S; drigtin, S; drightin, S2; dryhte, S; drihte, S; dryȝte, PP; driȝte, S, PP; dryȝtyn, S2.—AS. dryhten: OS. drohtin; cp. Icel. dróttinn and OHG. truhtin (Tatian). From AS. dryht, men, warriors, retainers: OS. druht; cp. OHG. truht and Icel. drótt.

Driht-ful, adj. noble, S.

Dring, sb. servant, S; dringches, pl., S; see Dreng.

Drink, sb. drink, MD; drinch, S; drinnch, S; drinc, S2.

Drinken, v. to drink, S; drincken, S; dring, imp. s., S; dranc, pt. s., S; dronc, S; dronk, S; drunken, pl., S; dronken, C2; drongken, S; dranc, S2; i-drunke, pp., S; dronke, C2. Phr.: drinc-hail, drink, hale! S.—AS. drincan, pt. dranc (pl. druncon), pp. druncen.

Drinkere, sb. drinker, MD; drinckares, pl., S.

Drit, sb. dirt, MD, W, W2; dert, S3.

Drit-cherl, sb. dirt-churl (term of abuse), S.

Driuen, v. to drive, rush, pass, go, S; dryuen, S; drif, S2; draf, pt. s., MD, S2; drof, S, S2; droof, MD, W, W2; drofe, S2; driuen, pl., S, MD; dryuen MD; driueden, W2; driuen, pp., MD; driue, C2; dryuun, W2.—AS. drífan, pt. dráf (pl. drifon), pp. drifen.

Driȝen, v. to suffer, S; see Dreȝen.

Driȝte; see Drihten.

Drof, pt. s. drove, S, S2; droof, W, W2; see Driuen.

Drof-lic, adj. painful, MD. Cf. Drouy.

Drogen; see Dreȝen.

Drogges, sb. pl. drugs, PP; droggis, S3; see Drye.

Droh, pt. s. drew, S; see Drawen.

Dronk, pt. s. drank, MD; drone, S; dronke, pp., C2; see Drinken.

Dronkelewe, adj. given to drink, C3; see Drunkelew.

Dronkenesse, sb. drunkenness, C3.

Drought, sb. drought, MD, C (p. 1); droughte, C2; drouhþe, S2; drugte, S; drythe, S2.—AS. drugoðe. See Drye.

Drounen, v. to be drowned, to drown, MD; drune, MD; drund, pt. pl., S2. Cf. Drunknen.

Droupen, v. to droop, vultum dejicere, MD, Palsg.; drowpen, C.—Icel. drúpa.

Droupnen, v. to be cast down, MD; drupnin, S.

Drouen, v. to trouble, MD; druuy, H; droues, pr. pl., MD; droued, pp., MD; drouyd, H; druuyd, H. Cf. Dreuen.

Drouing, sb. trouble, S2, MD; druuynge, H.

Drouy, adj. turbid, troubled, CM, S2; droui, MD.—Cp. AS. dróf, OS. dróbi, OHG. truobi, G. trübe.

Droȝ, pt. s. drew, S, S2; drou, S, S2; drow, S2, C2; drouȝ, S2; drouh, S2; drough, C2; see Drawen.

Drubild, adj. disturbed, H.

Drublen, v. to disturb water, to trouble; drubblyn, Prompt.; drobyl, MD. Cf. Drouen.

Drubly, adj. turbid, H; drobly, Prompt.

Drublynesse, sb. turbulencia, Prompt.

Drublynge, sb. disturbance, H.

Druerie, sb. love, affection, also the object of affection, also a jewel, PP, MD, C2 (s.v. love); drurye, MD; drurie, S2, PP; druery, HD; druwery, PP; drewrye, MD; drewery, P; drowryis, pl., HD; druries, HD.—AF. druerie; Prov. drudaria, from OHG. drút, dear, beloved (Otfrid). See NQ. (6. 4. 270).

Druggar-beste, sb. the animal that has to pull forcibly, S3.

Druggen, v. to pull with force, CM, C.—Cp. E. drudge.

Druiȝest, 2 pr. s. art dry, S2; see Drye.

Drund, pt. pl. drowned, S2; see Drounen.

Drunk, sb. draught, MD; drunc, S; drunch, S.—Cp. Icel. drykkr.

Drunkelew, adj. given to drinking, W, Prompt.; dronkelewe, C3, PP; dronkeleuh, PP; dronkenlewe, PP; drunkenlewe, MD. See -lewe.

Drunken, sb. drinking, S, MD.

Drunkennesse, sb. drunkenness, MD; dronkenesse, C3, PP.

Drunknen, v. to be drowned, to cause to drown, MD; drunkenes, pr. s., S2; dronkenes, S2.—AS. druncnian, to be drowned, to be drunk. Cf. Drounen.

Drupnin, v. to be cast down, S; see Droupnen.

Drurie; see Druerie.

Druuy, v. to trouble, H; see Drouen.

Druuynge, sb. trouble, H.

Drye, adj. dry, MD, PP; druye, MD, S2; drue, MD; dru, S; driȝe, MD; drie, MD; dreye, C2, C. Phr.: drui fot, dry foot, S.—AS. dryge; cp. Du. droog.

Drye, v. to dry, to be dry, MD, G; druiȝest, 2 pr. s., S2.—AS. drygan.

Drye, v. to suffer, CM; Dryȝed, pt. s. continued, S2; see Dreȝen.

Drythe; see Drought.

Dryȝ, adj. patient, S2. Cf. Dreȝen.

Dryȝly, adv. patiently, S2.

Dryȝte, Dryȝtyn; see Drihten.

Dubben, v. (1) to dress, arm for battle, (2) to dub a knight by the stroke with the flat of the sword, MD, S, PP; dubbed, pp., S, S2, PP; dobbed, PP; doubed, PP.—AF. dubber, to dress; cp. Icel. dubba, to arm, dress, also to dub, AS. dubban, to dub a knight, in Chron. ann. 1085; cp. OF. aduber, adouber, to arm (Roland).

Dubbing, sb. decoration, adornment, S; the conferring of knighthood, S.

Dubonure, adj. mild, gentle, S2; see Debonaire.

Dude, pt. s. did, S2; duden, pl., S; see Don.

Duelle, v. to stay, S, W2; see Dwellen.

Duere, adj. dear, S2; see Dere.

Duete, sb. duty, MD; dewtee, MD; dwete, CM; dewite, S3.—AF. duete, debt, obligation, from OF. dëu, owed; Lat. debitum, pp. of debere.

Duhen, v. to get on well, S; see Duȝen.

Duheðe, sb. body of retainers, people, might, worth, dignity, S; doweþe, S; douþe, S2.—AS. duguð, worth, help, body of men, host.

Duk, sb. leader, prince, duke, MD; duc, S2; duyk, W, W2; douc, MD; duykis, pl., W2.—AF. duc; Lat. ducem.

Dulce, adj. sweet, S3.—Lat. dulcem.

Dule, sb. grief, S3; see Dole.

Dully, adj. dull, S3, DG; dolly, JD; dowie, JD.

Dumel, sb. a stupid man, Manip.; dummel, a dumb man, Manip.; dumble, HD. See Domb.

Dun; see Doun.

Dun, Dunne, adj. dun, dull brown, MD, Manip.; donne, MD.—AS. dunn; OIr. donn, dond (Windisch).

Dun, sb. a dun horse; Proverb: Dun is in the myre, C3.

Dunchen, v. to batter, S, Prompt.; dunch, to push, JD.—Cp. Dan. dunke, to thump.

Dune, sb. din; see Dyn.

Dungon, sb. dungeon, S2; see Donjoun.

Dunt, sb. blow, S, S2; see Dent.

Dun-ward, adv. downward, S; see Doun.

Dup, adj. deep, MD; see Deep.

Duppen, v. to dip, S2, MD; dippen, MD.—AS. dyppan, for *dup-ian, see SkD (p. 800), Sievers, 400.

Durance, sb. endurance, S3; imprisonment, Sh.

Dure, adj. dear, MD; see Dere.

Dure, sb. door, S; dur, S3; see Dore.

Duren, v. to last, C2, S2, S3, H; dury, MD; duyre, MD; deore, S2; duyryng, pr. p., S2; durede, pt. s., S2.—AF. durer; Lat. durare, from durus, hard, unyielding.

Duresse, sb. hardship, severity, MD, S3; duresce, MD.—AF. duresse, duresce; Lat. duritia, from durus.

Durlyng, sb. darling, S; see Derling.

Durren, pr. pl. dare, MD; durre, S; duren, S; see Dar.

Dusi, adj. foolish, S, MD; dysy, MD; desi, MD.—AS. dysig.

Dusiliche, adv. foolishly, MD; desaly, dizzily, S2; desselic, S2.

Dusken, v. to grow dark, C.

Dusten, v. to throw, toss, S; duste, pt. s., MD; deste, fell headlong, MD.

Dutchkin, adj. German-like, S3.

Dute, sb. doubt, fear, S, S2; see Doute.

Dutten, v. to shut, close, MD; dittenn, MD; dutande, pr. p., S2; dutt, pp., MD; dit, MD.—AS. dyttan; see OET (p. 573).

Duyk, sb. leader, prince, W, W2; see Duk.

Duȝen, v. to get on well, to be fitting, to be worth, to avail, valere, MD; duhen, S; dowen, MD; deah, pr. s., MD; deh, MD; deih, S; dugen, pl., MD; doucte, pt. s., S; dought, MD; dowed, S2.—AS. dúgan, pret. pres. déag (déah, dég), pl. dugon, pt. dohte; cp. OHG. tugan.

Duȝeðe, sb. nobles, S, MD; see Duheðe.

Duȝti, adj. fit, excellent, brave, doughty, MD; doughty, C2, G; douȝtiore, comp., S2.—AS. dyhtig, strong.

Dwal, adj. foolish, dull, erring, apostate, MD, SkD (p. 801); dwales, sb. pl. fools, S.—Cp. Goth. dwals, foolish.

Dwale, sb. error, MD; duale, MD; dwole, MD, S (16. 1777.).—ONorth. duala, error (Mt. 24. 24); cp. AS. dwola.

Dwellen, v. (1) to err, wander, (2) to loiter, stay, dwell, MD, G; duelle, S, W2; dwelland, pr. p., S2.—AS. dwelian, to err, also to make to err, to deceive; also dwellan, to deceive, to hinder, delay, also to remain, dwell; cp. Icel. dvelja, to tarry.

Dweole, sb. error, MD; dwele, MD; dwelle, MD.—AS. (ge)dweola.

Dweoluhðe, sb. error, foolishness, S.

Dwergh, sb. dwarf, MD; dwerk, MD; dwerf, MD; dwarfe, MD; dwerþ (for dwerȝ), S2.—AS. dweorh; cp. Icel. dvergr.

Dwilde, sb. error, S, MD.—AS. dwild. See Dwellen.

Dwindle, v. to waste away, Sh.

Dwinen, v. to vanish away, to waste away, MD, HD; dwynyn, Prompt.; dwynen, S2; dwynede, pt. s. (weak), MD.—AS. dwínan, pt. dwán (pl. dwinon), pp. dwinen.

Dwole; see Dwale.

Dyad, adj. dead, S2; see Deed.

Dyed, pt. s. coloured, C2; see Deyen.

Dyeuel, sb. devil, S2; see Deuel.

Dyk, Dyke, sb. dike, ditch, S3; dic, S; dich, MD; diche, MD; pl., S; dichen, S.—AS. díc.

Dyken, v. to make a ditch, to dig, S2; idyket, pp., S2.

Dyker, sb. ditcher, S2, P; dikere, P.

Dyn, sb. din, H, MD; dynne, H; dene, MD; dyne, PP; dine, MD; dune, MD.—AS. dyne, dyn.

Dyngen, v. to beat, PP, H; dang, pt. s., MD, 83; dong, MD; dange, pl., S3; dongen, pp., S2; dongyn, H; dongene, HD.

Dyngis, sb. pl. blows, H.

Dyngynge, sb. beating, H.

Dys, sb. pl. dice, C, P; see Dee.

Dys-playere, sb. dice-player, P.

Dyttay, sb. indictment, S3.—AF. dite; Lat. dictatum.

Dyvers, adj. pl. divers, MD; diverse, MD.—AF. divers (pl. diverses); Lat. diuersum.

Dyuerseli, adv. in diverse directions, W2.

Dyversen, v. to make difference, to diversify, also to be different, MD, Prompt.; dyuersith, pr. s., W; diuerside, pt. s., W.—OF. diverser.

Dyversitee, sb. divers colours, W2.

Dyuynistre, sb. a divine, C.—Late Lat. *divinista. See Deuine.

Dyȝe, v. to die, S2; see Deyen.

Dyȝt; see Dihten.

E.

E; see Eȝe.

E-, prefix; see Ȝe-. Cf. Eliche.

Eadiȝ, adj. wealthy, precious, happy, blessed, MD; eadi, S; ædie, S; edie, S; eddi, S; edy, S; edye, S.—AS. éadig: Goth. audags. From AS. éad, a possession, happiness, also, rich, happy: Icel. auðr, wealthy; cp. OS. ód, property.

Eadmodien, v. to humble, MD; eadmode, pt. s., MD; admoded, pp. as adj. lowly, S, MD.—AS. éaðmódian, from éaðmód humble. Cf. Eðemoded, Edmod.

Ealde, adj. old, S; see Old.

Ealde, sb. an age, age, S; see Elde.

Ealdren, pl. elders, chiefs; see Alder.

Ealre, gen. of all, S; see Al.

Eam, 1 pr. s. am; see Am.

Earding-stowe, sb. dwelling-place, S; see Erdingstouwe.

Earm, sb. arm (of the body), S, MD; see Arm.

Earme, adj. pl. poor; see Arm.

Earming, sb. a wretched being, S; see Erming.

Earnynge, sb. earning, S; see Ernen.

Eatelich, adj. horrible, S; see Atelich.

Eað, adj. easy, S; see Eth.

Eaðe, adv. easily, S; see Ethe.

Ebrayk, adj. Hebrew, S2.

Ebrisse, adj. Hebrew, S.—AS. ebreisc.

Ecclesiaste, sb. a preacher, C.—OF. ecclesiaste (Cotg.); Church Lat. ecclesiastes (Vulg.); Gr. ἐκκλησιαστής (LXX), from ἐκκλησία, an assembly.

Eche, adj. each, S, S2, W; ælche, S, MD; elc, MD, S; elch, S; elche, MD; alc, MD, S; alche, MD, S; eilc, MD; ilc, MD, S; ilk, S (12. 97), S2, H; ilch, S; ulc, MD; ulch, S; ulche, MD; æche, MD; ache, S; ech, MD, S, S2; ich, MD, S, S3; ych, S2; ewc, MD; euch, MD, S; uch, S, S2; uche, P, H; uich, S; uych, S.—Comb.: eche dayes, daily, on each day, S2; eche deyl, every bit, entirely, S2; ech on, each one, S2, S3, C2; ech oon, C2, W; ech one, S2; ich on, S3; ich a, S3; uch one, S2, P; ilk an, S2; ilc kines, of every kind, MD; ilkines, S; ich wer, everywhere, S.—AS. ǽlc, elc, ONorth. ælc, OMerc. ylc. The form ǽlc = á + ge + lic; cp. OHG. io-gi-líh (Tatian), G. jeglich. See Sievers, 347.

Eche, adj. eternal, S; echeliche, adv., S.—AS. éce, écelice; cp. OHG. éwic, also éwig (Otfrid). See Æ.

Eche, sb. increase, addition, S2, MD.—AS. éaca.

Eche, sb. pain, MD; see Ache.

Echen, v. to increase, add, HD, CM, MD; eken, S, S3, H; ayked, pt. s., MD.—AS. écean (écan): OS. ókian.

Echte, sb. possessions, S; see Auhte.

Eclipse, sb. eclipse, PP; eclypse, Manip.; enclips, PP; clips, PP; clyps, S3.—Lat. eclipsis; Gr. ἔκλειψις, failure.

Ecnesse, sb. eternity, MD; ecenisse, dat., S; ecenesse, S; echenesse, MD; ecchenesse, S.—AS. écnis. See Eche.

Ed-, prefix.—AS. ed-, cp. Goth. id-, back, again, OHG. it-, ita- (Tatian, Otfrid), as in it-lón, retribution; it-málí, feast (Tatian).

Ed-grow, sb. after-math, regermen, Prompt.; edgrew, HD.

Ed-len, sb. retribution, MD.—AS. ed-léan.

Edmod, adj. humble, MD; see Admod.

Edmodi, adj. humble, MD; see Admodie.

Edmodnesse, sb. humility, S; see Admodnesse.

Ed-wit, sb. reproach, S2.—AS. ed-wít; cp. OHG. it-uuizzi, a twitting (Otfrid). See Ed-.

Ed-witen, v. to blame, S, P; eadwiten, S; edwited, pt. pl., PP.—AS. ed-wítan; cp. Goth. id-weitjian, OHG. ita-uuízón (Tatian). Cp. E. twit.

Edy; see Eadiȝ.

Ee; see Eȝe.

Eek, conj. also, C2, C3; æc, S; ec, S; ek, S, S2, P; eik, S3; eke, S, S2, S3, P; eeke, G.—AS. éac: Goth. auk.

Eelde; see Elde.

Eem, sb. uncle, Prompt., CM; eom, S; æm, MD; em, MD; eme, S3, Voc., HD; eyme, S3; eam, HD.—AS. éam; cp. OHG. óheim.

Eese; see Ese.

Eest, adj. and sb. east, W (Mt. 8. 11), MD; est, S, S2, C2, C3, Prompt.; æst, Prompt.—AS. éast: Icel. austr; cp. OHG. óst (óstana, Otfrid).

Efenn; see Euen.

Effecte, sb. effect, MD; affecte, H.—Lat. effectus.

Effer, Effeir; see Afere.

Effnenn, v. to make equal or even, S; see Euenen.

Effray, sb. terror, S3; fray, S3. Cf. Affray.

Efning; see Euenynge.

Eft, adv. again, afterwards, S, S2, S3, C2, W; æft, MD; efte, S3.—AS. eft.

Efter, prep. after, S, S2; see After.

Eft-sone, adv. again, soon after, S, S2, C3; eftsoone, W; efsone, S2.—AS. eft-sóna.

Eft-sones, adv. soon after, S.

Egal, adj. equal, CM; egalle, S3, CM.—OF. egal; Lat. aequalem.

Egalite, sb. equality, CM.—OF. egalite; Lat. aequalitatem.

Egen; see Eȝe.

Egge, sb. edge, W; eg, Voc., CM; egges, pl., MD; eggez, S2.—AS. ecg: OS. eggia, see Sievers, 258; cp. Lat. acies.

Eggement, sb. instigation, C3.

Eggen, v. to sharpen, to incite, provoke, MD, H, CM; eggede, pt. s., S2; egged, S3, P; y-egged, pp., MD; i-egged, MD.—Icel. eggja.

Eggyyng, sb. instigation, S2, CM; eggyngis, pl., H.

Eghe; see Eȝe.

Egle, sb. eagle, C2, PP.—AF. egle, OF. aigle; Lat. aquila.

Egleche, adj. pl. war-like, S.—AS. agléca, aglǽcea, a warrior, vexator (Grein). See Eȝe.

Egre, adj. eager, sharp, fierce, C2, PP.—AF. egre, OF. aigre; Lat. acrem.

Egremoin, sb. agrimony, C3; see Agrimony.

Ehe; see Eȝe.

Ehte, sb. property, S; echte, S; see Auhte.

Eie; see Eȝe.

Eighte, num. eight, C3; eiȝte, MD; eihte, PP; eyhte, PP; aȝte, S2; aȝt, S2; æhte, MD.—AS. eahta (ahta); cp. OHG. ahto, Lat. octo.

Eighte, ord. eighth, G, PP.—AS. eahtoðe. Cf. Achtande.

Eightene, num. eighteen, MD; æhtene, S; auchtene, 83.—AS. eahta-téne.

Eightetethe, ord. eighteenth, C2.—AS. eahta-téoða.

Eihte, sb. property, S; eyhte, S; see Auhte.

Eild; see Elde.

Eire, sb. journey, circuit, SkD. Phr.: ane ayr, on circuit, S3.—AF. and OF. eire, eyre, oire, oirre, from errer, edrer, to make one’s way, from Lat. iter, journey; see Constans.

Eiren, sb. pl. eggs, PP; eirun, W2; see Ey.

Eise; see Ese.

Eisel, Eisil, sb. vinegar; see Aisille.

Eisful, adj. terrible, MD.—AS. egesful.

Eislich, adj. terrible, MD; eiseliche, S.—AS. egeslic: OS. egislik; from AS. egesa: OS. egiso, horror; cp. OHG. egiso (Otfrid).

Eisliche, adv. terribly, S; aisliche, timorously, S3.—AS. egeslice.

Eiðer, adj. either, S, S2; æiðer, MD; ayþer, S2; aiþer, S; eyðer, S, S2; ethir, W; er, S.—AS. ǽ-g-hwæðer; Sievers, 347.

Ekeu, v. to ake, MD; see Aken.

Elch; see Eche.

Elde, sb. an age (of the world), age, time of a man’s life, maturity, full age, old age, length of time, PP, S, S2, S3, G; eelde, W; ealde, S; helde, S; ulde, MD; eld, MD, S2; held, S2; eild, S2.—AS. eldu, yldu. See Old.

Elde, v. to grow old, H; elded, pp., S2; eldid, H.—AS. ealdian.

Elder, comp. older, S, C2; see Old.

Elderne, sb. pl. ancestors, S2; see Alder.

Eldryn, adj. old, H. Comb.: eldryn-man, old man, elder, H.

Ele, sb. oil, MD, S; eoli, S; eolie, S. Comb.: ele-sæw, oil, S.—AS. ele; Late Lat. olium (cp. It. olio); Lat. oleum; Gr. ἔλαιον, from ἐλαία, an olive-tree; cp. OHG. oli (Tatian).

Eleccioun, sb. election, choice, S2.—OF. election; Lat. electionem.

Ele-lendisch, adj. foreign; elelendis, MD.—AS. ele-lendisc, of a foreign land.

Elendisch, adj. foreign; helendis, MD.—From AS. ellende (Voc.).

Elenge, adj. protracted, tedious, wearisome, dreary, lonely; also (by confusion with AS. ellende) strange, foreign, PP, HD; elynge, PP; elyng, PP; alenge, NED, HD; alange, NED, Prompt.—AS. ǽ-lenge, lengthy, tedious; ǽ, ever + lenge, long, from lang.

Elengelich, adv. sadly, PP; elyngliche, PP.

Elf, sb. elf, genius, nympha, incubus, MD, C3, Sh.; alfe, MD.—AS. ælf. Cf. Aulf.

Elf-lock, sb. hair matted together as if by the elves, Sh.

Elf-queen, sb. fairy-queen, C2.

Eliche, adv. alike, S3; see Iliche.

Elixir, sb. elixir, C3, SkD.—OF. elixir (Cotg.), Sp. elixir; Arab. el iksír, the philosopher’s stone; Gr. ξηρόν, dry.

Elldernemannes, sb. gen. alderman’s, chief officer’s, S; see Aldermon.

Elleft, ord. eleventh, S2.—AS. endleofta.

Ellerne, sb. elder-tree, sambucus, S2, PP; ellaern, Voc.; ellarne, Voc.; eller, PP; eldir, PP.—AS. ellarn.

Elles, adv. otherwise, else, S, S2, C2; ellis, S3, W.—AS. elles; cp. OHG. alles, otherwise (Otfrid): Goth. aljis.

Elles-hware, adv. elsewhere, S; elles-wher, S, C3.—AS. elles-hwǽr.

Elles-hwider, adv. else-whither, S.

Elmesse, sb. alms, MD, NED; see Almesse.

Elmes-ȝeorn, adj. charitable, S.

Eluish, adj. elvish, foolish, C2, C3. See Elf.

Eluish-marked, pp. disfigured by the elves, Sh.

Elynge; see Elenge.

Embassade, sb. embassy, S3; see Ambassade.

Embassadour, sb. ambassador, C3.

Embassadrie, sb. ambassadorship, S2, C3.

Embatel, sb. battlement, S3 (19 a. 581).

Embattail, v. to array for battle, Sh.

Embrave, v. to adorn, S3.

Em-cristen, sb. fellow-christian, S, S2. See Euen.

Eme; see Eem.

Emeraude, sb. emerald, C2, CM.—OF. emeraude, esmeraude (esmeralde); Lat. smaragdum (acc.); Gr. σμάραγδος.

Emete, Emote, sb. ant; see Amete.

Em-forth, prep. according to, PP. See Euen.

Empaled, pp. enclosed, S3.

Emperere, sb. emperor, MD.—OF. emperere (empereres); Lat. imperator.

Emperice, sb. empress, S, CM; emperesse, PP.—AF. emperice; Lat. imperatricem.

Emperour, sb. emperor, PP, S2 (12. 212), C2, C3.—AF. emperur, OF. emperëor, emperedor; Lat. imperatorem.

Empoisoner, sb. poisoner, C3. See Enpoisonen.

Empoisoning, sb. poisoning, C3.

Emportured, pp. pourtrayed, S3.

Emprise, sb. undertaking, S2, C2, C3; enprise, MD.—AF. emprise, enprise; Late Lat. in-prensam, pp. of in-prendere.

Emtien, v. to empty, MD; empte, C3.—AS. æmetgian, to be at leisure, Ps. 45. 11 (VP).

Emty, adj. empty, MD, Prompt.; empti, MD.—AS. emtig (æmtig) empty, idle.

Emyspery, sb. hemisphere, S3.—Late Lat. emisperia (Voc.); Lat. hemispherium; Gr. ἡμισφαίριον.

Enamelen, v. to enamel, MD; enamelled, pp. Sh.; annamyllit, S3. See Amellen.

Enbibing, sb. absorption, C3.

Enbrouden, v. to embroider, MD; enbroud, pp. S3; enbroudin, S3; enbrouded, CM; embrowded, C.—AF. enbroyder. See Brayden.

Encens, sb. incense, MD, Voc., C.—AF. encens; Lat. incensum.

Encense, v. to offer incense, C3; to perfume with incense, MD.—OF. encenser (Cotg.).

Enchauntement, sb. enchantment, CM; enchaunmens, pl., S2.—AF. enchantement.

Enchesoun, sb. occasion, H, CM, JD; encheison, PP; encheson, C2, H.—AF. enchesoun. See Achesoun.

Encombren, v. to hinder, encumber, MD, S3 (3 b. 1098); encombred, pp. tired, troubled, C, CM.—AF. encombrer.

Encorporing, sb. incorporation, C3.

Encorsife, adj. fattened, H.—From OF. encorser, to get fat, to make flesh (Godefroy).

Encrees, sb. increase, S2, C, C3, PP; encres, Prompt.

Encressen, v. to increase, C2, C3; encresen, C2.—AF. encresc-, stem of encrescerai, fut. of encrestre; Lat. increscere.

Ende, sb. end, district, territory, end of life, S, C3, PP; ende, PP; ænde, S; hende, S. Comb.: on ende, lastly, S.—AS. ende for endi = *andio (Sievers, 130); cp. OHG. enti (Tatian): Goth. andeis, connected with and, prep. towards, through, see SkD.

Ende-dai, sb. day of death, MD; endedei, S.—AS. ende-dæg.

Endeles, adj. endless, C3; endelese, S.—AS. endeléas.

Enden, v. to end, S.—AS. endian.

Endenten, v. to write an indenture, PP.—AF. endenter, to indent, notch; Late Lat. indentare.

Endentur, sb. notch, S2.—AF. endenture.

Ender, adj. comp. latter, last past, S3; see Hindir.

Enditen, v. to compose, write, indict, accuse, G, PP; endyte, C2, C3.—AF. enditer; Late Lat. indictare.

End-lang, adv. and prep. along, S2, S3; endelong, S, C2; alonge, NED; anlong, MD; andelong, MD.—AS. and-lang; cp. Icel. endlang. See A-lang.

Enduren, v. to harden, endure, remain, survive, W, PP.—OF. endurer; Lat. indurare, to harden.

Ene; see Eȝe.

Ene, adv. once, S2.—AS. ǽne.

Enentysch, v. to bring to nought, H; enentist, pp., H; see Anientise.

Enerite, v. to inherit, W2; inherit, to take possession, Sh.—AF. enheriter.

Enes, adv. once, S. See Ones.

Eneuch, enough, S3; see Ynow.

Enfecte, pp. tainted, infected, C, HD.—OF. infect; Lat. infectum.

Enfermer, sb. superintendent of the infirmary in a monastery, S2.—OF. enfermier; Church Lat. infirmarium (Ducange).

Enfermerere, sb. infirmary officer, Cath. (p. 127 n). Cf. Fermerer.

Enflaumen, v. to inflame, MD, W; enflawmed, pp., S2, W.—OF. enflamer, enflammer; Lat. inflammare.

Enforce, v. to endeavour, strive, W; enforse, W2.

Enforme, v. to establish, teach, PP; enfourmeth, pr. s., P.—AF. enfourmer; Lat. informare.

Engel, sb. angel, MD, S; engeles, pl., S; enngless, S; englene, gen., S; englen, dat., S. Comb.: enngle þeod, the angelic host, S.—AS. engel: OS. engil: Goth. aggilus: Gr. ἄγγελος. Cf. Angel.

Engel, adj. English, S. See Angles.

Engle-land, sb. England, S; engelond, S2.—AS. Engla land.

Englene-lond, sb. the land of the English, England, S.—AS. Englena land.

Engleymen, v. to bind together as with glue or viscous matter, MD, PP; yngleymyn, Prompt.; engleymed, pp., MD; engleymede, H; englymede, H.

Englisch, adj. English, S2, PP; Engliss, S2; Ænglisc, S; Englisse, dat., S; pl., S2.—AS. englisc.

Engreynen, v. to dye in grain, PP.

Engyn, sb. understanding, craft, device, engine, MD, C2, C3; engyne, S3; engine, Sh.—AF. engin; Lat. ingenium.

Engyned, pp. tortured, C.

Enhached, pp. marked, S3, HD.

Enhastyng, pr. p. hasting, S3; enhasted, pp., HD.

Enhaunsen, v. to raise, C, W, W2; anhaunse, NED; enhansed, pp., PP.—AF. enhauncer, enhancer.

Enhorten, v. to encourage, MD, C.—OF. enhorter; Lat. inhortari.

Enke, sb. ink, MD, W; ynke, Voc.; inke, Cath.—OF. enque (Bartsch); Lat. encaustum; Gr. ἔγκαυστον.

Enker, adj. special, particular. Phr.: enker grene, wholly green, MD, HD.

Enkerly, adv. particularly, entirely, B, MD, JD; enkrely, B; ynkirly, B; ynkurly, S2, B.—Icel. einkarliga, variant of einkanliga, especially, particularly; see einka- in CV.

Enleuene, num. eleven, PP, W; enleven, W; enleue, PP; elleuene, PP; elleue, PP; eleuene, PP; aleuin, JD; alewin, S3; allevin, S3, NED.—AS. endleofan, endlufan (ellefan); Goth. ain-lif; see Douse, p. 80.

Enluminen, v. to illumine, MD, C2; enlumynyng, pr. p., S3.—AF. enluminer.

Enluting, sb. daubing with clay, C3.—Cp. Late Lat. lutare, from Lat. lutum, clay.

Ennewen, v. to renew, MD; ennewed, pp., S3.

Enoumbre; see Enumbren.

Ennuyed, pp. annoyed, P; see Anoyen.

Enoynt, pp. anointed, NED, C, H; anoynt, C.—AF. enoint; Lat. inunctum, pp. of inungere.

Enpoisone, sb. poison; enpoysone, HD.

Enpoisonen, v. to poison, MD, C2; enpoysened, pp., S2.—OF. enpoisoner.

Enquere, v. to inquire, C2, C3, G, W2; enqueri, S2.—OF. enquerir, enquerre; Lat. inquirere.

Enqueringe, sb. enquiry, C3.

Ensamplarie, sb. pattern, PP.

Ensample, sb. example, S, S2, PP, C2, C3; ensaumple, S3, P.—AF. ensample, essample, OF. example; Lat. exemplum.

Ensaumplid, pp. exemplified, S3.

Ensele, v. to seal, PP. Cf. Aselen.

Enserchen, v. to search into, W, W2.

Enstore, v. to restore, W; instorid, pp., W.—Lat. instaurare. Cf. Astore.

Entailen, v. to cut, carve, MD; entayled, pp. S3.—OF. entaillier, entallier.

Entencion, sb. intention, C2; entencioun, C3.—AF. entenciun.

Entendement, sb. understanding, intelligence, S3.—OF. entendement.

Entenden, v. to give attention to, MD, C2.—OF. entendre; Lat. intendere.

Entente, sb. heed, attention, purpose, intention, S2, PP, C2, C3; entent, S2, S3, PP.—OF. entente.

Ententif, adj. attentive, W2.—OF. ententif.

Enteren, v. to inter, bury, MD; enteryd, pt. s., S3.—OF. enterrer, It. interrare; from Lat. in terra.

Enterment, sb. interment, MD.—AF. enterrement.

Entraille, sb. entrails, C2; entraile, MD; entraylys, pl., Voc.—AF. entraille; cp. Prov. intralias, pl.; Sp. entrañas, from Lat. interanea, the inward parts.

Enumbren, v. to enshadow, obscure, hide, MD; enoumbre, S2.—OF. enombrer; Church Lat. in-umbrare.

Enuenymen, v. to envenom, PP; envenimed, pp., C2.—AF. envenimer.

Envenymes, sb. pl. poisons, P.

Envined, pp. provided with wine, C.—OF. enviné (Cotg.).

Enviroun, adv. in a circuit, around, MD; environ, S3; envyroun, S3. Comb.: in enuyrown, S2; bi enuyroun, MD.—OF. environ.

Envirounen, v. to surround, to move round, to go about, MD; envyrone, S2.—OF. environner.

Envolupen, v. to wrap up, C3.—AF. envoluper.

Enuye, sb. annoyance, S; see Anoy.

Eny, adj. any, PP, S, S2, G; eni, S, PP; eani, MD, S; æi, MD, S; eie, S; ei, MD, S; aniȝ, MD; ani, MD, S, S2; oni, MD; ony, S2, C, W. Comb.: eanis weis, in any way, any ways, S; eisweis, S; eyweis, NED (s.v. anywise); any ways, NED; aniȝe wise, in any wise, NED; aniwise, S.—AS. ǽnig.

Eode, pt. s., went, S; iæde, S; eoden, pl., S2; ieden, S.—AS. éode; Goth. iddja; see Douse, pp. 185, 188, and Brugmann, § 61. Cf. ȝeode.

Eoli; see Ele.

Eom, 1 pr. s., am, MD; see Am.

Eom; see Eem.

Eornen, v. to run, S, S2; see Rennen.

Eorre, sb. anger, MD, S; urre, S, MD; oerre, S; irre, MD.—AS. irre, angry, anger: OS. irri, angry, OHG. irri, out of the right way (Otfrid): Goth. airzeis, astray; cp. Lat. errare for *ersare. Cf. Erren.

Eorðe; see Erðe.

Eoten; see Eten.

Eouwer, pron. your, S; see Ȝoure.

Eppel, sb. apple, MD; see Appel.

Er, pr. pl. are, H; ere, S2; see Aren.

Er, adv., conj. and prep. ere, before, S, S2, C2, PP; ear, S, S3; ayr, S3; yer, S3; her, S; ar, S, S2, G, H, P; or, S, S2, S3, C3; ore, S2; are, S, S2, H, PP; here, S. Comb.: or ere, before, WW, Sh.; ere euer, WW. Erur, comp. formerly, S; erest, superl. soonest, first, S, PP; erst, S, S2, S3, C2, C3; earst, S; arst, G, P; orest, S; ærst, S; ærest, S.—AS. ǽr, comp. ǽror, superl. ǽrest.

Erayn, sb. spider, H; see Aranye.

Erche-bissop, sb. archbishop; see Archebiscop.

Erche-dekene, sb. archdeacon, S2; see Archideken.

Erd, sb. native land, home, S; ærd, S; erde, dat., P: herdes, pl., S (15. 2410).—AS. eard; OS. ard.

Erden, v. to dwell, MD; erthe, S, MD; earden, MD.—AS. eardian; cp. OHG. artón (Tatian).

Erding-stouwe, sb. dwelling-place, MD; eardingstowe, S.

Ere, sb. ear, S, C2, PP; eere, W2; ære, S; earen, pl., S, S2; eren, S; eeris, W2, PP. Comb.: eerering, ear-ring, W2.—AS. éare: Goth. auso; cp. Lat. auris.

Ere, pr. pl., are, S2; er, H; see Aren.

Erende, sb. errand, message, business, PP, S; ernde, S2, PP; earende, MD; arende, MD; Ærnde, MD; herdne, S.—AS. ǽrende; cp. OS. árundi, Icel. eyrindi; OHG. árunti (Otfrid); connected with AS. ár, messenger.

Erewe, adj. timid, S; ergh, JD; ery, eerie, JD; see Arwe.

Erfe, sb. cattle, MD; errfe, S; erue, S.—OMerc. erfe, erbe, inheritance (OET. P. 539): OS. erbi, OHG. erbi (Tatian, Otfrid): Goth. arbi; cp. OIr. orbe (Windisch); see Orf.

Erfeð, adj. difficult, MD; see Arfeð.

Erien, v. to plough, MD, PP; eren, PP, W, C; ear, WW; erynge, pr. p., W; eriden, pt. pl., W2.—AS. erian: Goth. arjan; cp. Lat. arare; see Douse, p. 114 (e).

Eringe, sb. ploughing, S2, PP; earing, S3.—AS. erung.

Eritage, sb. heritage, S2, PP.—AF. heritage.

Erl, sb. a man of noble birth, earl, MD, S, C2; æorl, S; erle, S3 (15 a. 1); yerle, S3; eorles, pl., S; ȝierles, S; ærlen, dat., S.—AS. eorl: OS. erl; cp. Icel. jarl.

Erl-dom, sb. earldom, PP; erldome, P.

Erly, adv. early, C, C2; erlyche, S2; arly, H; yerly, S3; arely, H; erliche, S2.—AS. ǽrlice.

Erme, adj. dat. poor, S; see Arm.

Erme, v. to feel sad, grieve, C3, CM.—AS. earmian; see Ten Brink, Chaucer, 48, 4. See Arm.

Erming, adj. wretched, S; sb. a wretched being, S; earmynges, pl., S.—AS. earming.

Ermite, sb. hermit, PP; eremite, PP, S2; heremyte, S2; ermytes, pl., S2, PP; heremites, P; hermites, S.—AF. ermite (heremite, hermite); Church Lat. eremita (heremita); Gr. ἐρημίτης from ἐρημία, a desert.

Ern, sb. eagle, MD, JD, S; erne, S2; aryn, H; arn, HD; ærn, MD; ernes, pl., CM; hernez, S2.—AS. earn, ONorth. arn; from Goth. ara; cp. OHG. áro, also arn, pl. erni (Tatian).

Ernde; see Erende.

Ernen, v. to earn, MD; arnen, MD.—AS. earnian: OHG. arnón, to reap a harvest (Otfrid), from arno, harvest: Goth. asans.

Ernen, v. to run, S; see Rennen.

Ernes, sb. a pledge, earnest, MD, W; ernest, S2; ernesse, dat., S.—OF. ernes, prob. for *erles; so in F. guigne the n is for an older l; see Brachet. Cf. Arles.

A derivation of this word from the French has not been proved.—OF. ernes does not exist.

Ernest, sb. eagerness, seriousness, earnest, C, MD; eornest, MD.—AS. eornest, earnestness: OHG. ernust, sorrow (Tatian).

Ernestful, adj. earnest, MD, C2.

Ernestly, adv. eagerly, quickly, S2, MD.

Ernung, sb. earning, desert, MD; earnynge, S. See Ernen.

Erraunt, adj. vagabond, arrant, PP, MD.—OF. errant, wandering, vagabond (Cotg.). See Erren.

Erre, sb. a scar, wound, Voc. (680. 1); arre, NEI; ar, HD; arr, JD; erres, pl., H, NED. Cp. Dan. ar, Icel. ör, örr.

Erren, v. to wander, W, MD; erriden, pt. pl., W.—OF. errer; Lat. errare. Cf. Eorre.

Ert, 2 pr. s. art, S, S2, H, PP; ertou, art thou, S2.—AS. eart.

Erthe, v. to dwell, S; see Erden.

Erthe, sb. earth, S, C2, C; eorðe, S; yerthe, S3; vrþe, S2; erd, S3. Comb.: anerþe, on earth, S2.—AS. eorðe; OS. erða; cp. OHG. erda (Otfrid).

Ertheli, adj. earthly, S2; erðliche, S; earðlich, S.—AS. eorthlice.

Erthe-mouyng, sb. earthquake, W.

Erthe-schakyng, sb. earthquake, W.

Erthe-tiliere, sb. tiller of land, W; erthe-tileris, pl., W2.—Cp. AS. eorþ-tilia.

Erthe-tiliynge, sb. husbandry, W.

Erue; see Erfe.

Es, conj. as, PP; see Also.

Es, pr. s., is, S, S2, H; esse, S2; see Is.

Escape, sb. transgression, HD, ND, Sh.; escapes, pl., S3.

Eschame, v. to be ashamed; eschamyt, pp., S3; see NED (s.v. ashame).

Eschapen, v. to escape, S2; escapen, MD; ascapen, W2, P; chapyt, pp., S3.—AF. eschaper, escaper. Cf. Achape.

Eschaping, sb. escape, S2.

Eschaunge, sb. exchange, C, PP.—AF. eschaunge.

Escheker, sb. chess-board, treasury, exchequer, MD; esscheker, PP; cheker, P; checker, S3; chekyr, PP; chesquier, PP.—AF. escheker, OF. eschequier.

Eschen, v. to ask, MD; see Asken.

Eschetes, sb. pl. escheats, PP; escheytes, forfeitures, PP; chetes, P.—AF. eschete (pl. eschaetes); es = ex + chaet, pp. of chaoir; Lat. cadere; see Bartsch, p. 511.

Eschewen, v. to eschew, avoid, S3, PP; eschuwen, PP; eschue, C3, C, PP.—AF. eschuer, OF. eschever, eschiver; OHG. sciuhan, sciuhen, to be afraid of (Otfrid). See Schey.

Escrien, v. to cry out, MD; see Ascrien.

Ese, sb. ease, C2, C3, P; eise, S, PP; eyse, PP.—AF. eise, OF. aise, pleasure; cp. It. agio, ease, convenience (Florio).

Ese, adj. easy, at leisure; eese, S2; eise, S.—OF. aise, glad.

Eseliche, adv. easily, S2; esily, C2, C.

Esement, sb. solace, S3.—AF. esement, aisement.

Esen, v. to entertain, MD, C; esed, pp., C.—OF. aiser, aisier.

Esmayed, pp. dismayed, frightened, S3, HD.—OF. esmaier, to frighten; Lat. ex + Low Lat. *magare, from Teutonic source; OHG. mag-, stem of mugan, to be able; cp. It. smagare, to vex out of his wits (Florio). Cf. Dismayen.

Esperance, sb. hope, S3; espirance, S3; esperaunce, CM.—OF. esperance.

Espye, v. to see, discover, C, C3.—OF. espier, It. spiare; OHG. spihan, see Diez. See Aspien.

Est, adj. east, S, S2, C2, C3, Prompt. Comb.: est del, the east, S2; estward, eastward; C2; see Eest.

Estat, sb. state, C, MD; estaat, C3; astate, S3, NED; estate, PP; astates, pl., ranks, S3.—OF. estat; Lat. statum. Cf. Stat.

Estatlich, adj. dignified, C.

Este, sb. favour, grace, delicacy, dainty, S; esten, pl., S; estene, gen., S.—AS. ést: OS. anst, OHG. anst (Otfrid): Goth. ansts (stem ansti-).

Este, adj. pleasant, kind, S2, MD.—AS. éste.

Ester, sb. Easter, S, S2; estren, dat., S. Comb.: estrene dae, Easter-day, S.—AS. éastro, sb. pl. the passover, easter-tide, eastrena (gen. pl.), from Eastre, the AS. form of the name of a German goddess of light and spring sunshine; see Grimm, Teut. M., p. 289.

Estre, sb. being, nature, quality, also, the place where one is, dwelling, quarters, chambers, or inner part of a house, HD, MD; estres, pl., C, HD, CM; esters, CM.—OF. estre, a sb. from an infin. (Bartsch); Late Lat. essere, to be; see Brachet (s.v. être). See also estre in Cotg.

Estrin-land, sb. Eastern land, S2. See Est.

Esy, adj. easy, gentle, MD, C, PP, Prompt.; eesy, MD.—OF. aisie. See Ese.

Et, prep. at, S. Comb.: et-foren, before, S.—AS. æt.

Eten, v. to eat, S, C2, PP; æten, S; eoten, S; eet, PP; hete, S; ett, pr. s., S; eet, PP; et, PP; et, pt. s., S; ete, S2; eet, C2, C3, PP; æten, pl., S; eten, S, C2, PP; eoten, S; eeten, G; eten, pp., S, PP; iȝeten, S, S2; iȝete, S2; y-ete, S2; eyt, S3.—AS. etan, pt. s. ǽt (pl. ǽton), pp. eten, see Sievers, 391, 3; Goth. itan, see Douse, p. 44.

Eterne, adj. eternal, C, HD.—OF. eterne; Lat. aeternum.

Etforen, Ethalden; see At-fore, At-halden.

Eth, adj. easy, H; eað, S, MD.—AS. éaðe, éðe: OS. óði; cp. Goth. authis, desert, waste, see Weigand (s.v. öde).

Eth-, prefix, easily.—Cp. AS. éaþ-, éþ-, ýþ-; cp. Icel. auð-.

Eðe, adv. easily, S, HD; eaðe, S.

Eðe-lich, adj. slight, light, S.

Ethelyng, sb. a noble, S; see Atheling.

Eðem, sb. breath, S.—AS. ǽðm, êðm; OHG. átum (G. athem), see Sievers, 45. 6.

Eðe-moded, adj. gentle, well-disposed, S, MD.—Cp. AS. éaðmódian, to obey. See Eadmodien.

Eðen, adv. hence; see Heðen.

Eð-lete, adj. lightly esteemed, MD; eðlate, S. See Eth, Eth-.

Eð-sene, adj. easily seen, S; eðcene, S; etscene, S.

Etlunge, sb. purpose, conjecture, S; see Atlinge.

Etteleden, pt. pl. directed their way, went straight, S2; see Atlien.

Eu, you, S; see Ȝou.

Eu-bruche, sb. adultery, MD, S; eau-bruche, MD; æwbræche, Voc.—AS. ǽw-bryce. See Æ.

Eure, pron. your, S; see Ȝoure.

Euangelie, sb. gospel, PP, W; euangile, S2; ewangelye, S2, PP; euangyles, pl., C3.—OF. evangile; Lat. evangelium (Vulg.); Gr. εὐαγγέλιον.

Euangeliste, sb. evangelist, PP; euangelist, C2; ewanigeliste, S.—OF. evangeliste (AF. ewangelist); Lat. evangelista (Vulg.); Gr. εὐαγγελιστής.

Euangelize, v. to preach, W.

Euel, adj. and adv. evil, S, W2, S2, PP; see Yuel.

Euel-les, adj. guiltless, S3.

Euen, sb. even, S, P; efenn, S; eue, S, C2, C3, PP. Comb.: euene-sterre, evening star, W2; eue-song, even-song, S2; euyn-songe, S3; euensonge, P.—AS. ǽfen (éfen): OHG. áband (Otfrid), see Sievers, 45.

Euen, adj. even, equal, fellow, MD, S2, W; euene, C2, PP; adv., PP; efne, S; æfne, S; ewin, S3. Comb.: efen-ald, of the same age, MD; euen-cristene, fellow-christian, S, PP, HD; em-cristen, S, S2; euen-forth, according to, to the extent of, PP; em-forth, C, PP; euen-forth, directly forward, S3; euen-forward, directly forward, HD; euene-long, of proper height, S; euene-worth, of like value, W2.—AS. efen: OS. eban, OHG. eban (Otfrid).

Euenen, v. to make equal, to be equal, MD, S; effnenn, S.—AS. efnan.

Euenhed, sb. equality, equity, H (Ps, 108. 2); euynhede, Prompt.

Euenli, adv. evenly, W2; euenliche, MD; euelyche, S.—AS. efenlice.

Euennesse, sb. equity, W2.

Euenynge, sb. an equal, S; efning, S.—Cp. Icel. jafningi.

Euerich, adj. every, S, S2, C2; averelc, MD; æverelch, MD; everech, MD, S; evrech, MD, S; afric, S; efrec, MD; evrec, MD; everilk, MD, S3; everilc, MD, S; euerich, S, S2, C2; eavrich, MD; æueric, S; ævric, MD; efrich, MD; eurich, S, S2; æueralche, S; auerich, S; afri, S; eaueriche, S; evereuch, S; eauereuch, S. Comb.: euerich on, every one, S2, C2, C3; everych one, S2; euerilk an, S2.—AS. ǽfre + ǽlc; see Eure (ever) and Eche.

Euese, sb. border, brink, edge (of a roof, mountain, forest), Prompt., MD; heuese, MD; eueses, pl., PP.—AS. efese: OHG. obisa, opasa; see Sievers, 93. Cp. E. eaves.

Euesien, v. to clip round, to shear, MD; euesed, pp., S3; i-eveset, S.—AS. efesian.

Euesunge, sb. a clipping, what is clipped off, MD; eaves, MD; evesing, Manip.; aisings, pl., PP (n.). Comb.: house-euysynge (= domicilium), H.—AS. efesung (Voc.).

Euete, sb. eft, newt, W2; newte, Voc. (642. 27); eueten, pl., S; ewtes, MD.—AS. efeta (Voc.).

Euorye, sb. ivory, HD; yvory, Prompt.; everey, Voc.—Prov. evori (avori); Lat. eboreum, made of ivory; cp. F. ivoire, It. avorio (Florio); see Diez.

Euour, sb. ivory, S3, HD; euor, H; evir, S3; ivor, Prompt.; yuer, W, W2.—Of French origin, from Lat. ebur.

Eure, adv. ever, S, S2, PP; euere, S, S2, PP; efre, S, MD; afre, S; efer, S, MD; eauer, S, MD; æfer, MD; auer, S; æuere, S; auere, S; æuere, S; ær, MD; er, MD. Comb.: euer among, continually, S3; euer eiþer, each, S3; efreni, ever any, S; euermo, evermore, S, S2, C2, C3; æfremo, S; euermor, S; æuer te, ever as yet, S.—AS. ǽfre, from áwa (á); see SkD, and Sievers, 192. 4.

Ew, sb. yew, C, Voc.; ewe, Cath.—AS. íw; cp. OHG. íwa.

Ewage, sb. beryl, PP.—OF. ewage, connected with water (Roquefort); Lat. aquaticum. The green beryl is called by jewellers aqua marina. See below.

Ewe ardaunt, sb. burning water, S2.—AF. ewe, eue, aigue; Lat. aquam, see Academy, No. 459, p. 139; cp. Goth. ahwa.

Ewen, v. to show.—AS. ýwan: Goth. augjan; cp. OHG. ougen (Otfrid). See Atewen, Eȝe.

Ewer, sb. a water-carrier, also, vessel for water, Palsg.; euwere, MD; eware, aquarius, Prompt.—AF. ewer, SkD (p. 803); OF. euwier, aiguier.

Ewilch, adj. every, MD (s.v. ælc ewilche, MD; iwilch, MD; uwilc, MD, S; uwilch, MD, S; ewiche, S.—AS. ǽ-g-hwilc: OHG. io-gi-welíh (Tatian), eo-gi-hwelíh; see Sievers, 347. 1.

Ewin; see Euen.

Exerce, v. to exercise, S3.—OF. exercer; Lat. exercere.

Exhibition, sb. payment, S3, Sh.—AF. exhibicioun; Late Lat. exhibitionem (Ducange).

Expert, adj. experienced, C3. See Apert.

Expert, v. to experience, S3.

Expounen, v. to expound, PP, C2, C3; expowne, S2, S3; expounde, C2.—Lat. exponere.

Expownyng, sb. interpretation, W.

Ey, sb. egg, C, C3, Prompt.; eye, S3, W; ay, G, HD; eyren, pl., PP; eiren, PP; eirun, W2; ayren, MD; egges, PP.—AS. æg (pl. ægru); cp. Icel. egg, whence E. egg.

Eyle, adj. loathsome, troublesome, NED; AS. egle: OTeut. *agljo; cp. Goth. aglus; see Sievers, 303.

Eylen, v. to trouble, afflict, NED; eilin, S; eileþ, pr. s., S2, PP; eyleth, C2, C3, C, PP.—AS. eglan: Goth. agljan.

Eyre, sb. air, C3, P; eire, W; eyr, C; eir, W2, PP; aier, PP; ayer, S3; air, S2 (20. 167); aire, NED.—OF. air; Lat. aerem.

Eyre, sb. heir, S2, PP; eire, W, PP; ayre, HD; aire, S2; eir, S, S2; eyr, G; eyer, S2; heir, S, C2; heyr, C3.—OF. eir, heirs; Lat. heres.

Eyren, sb. pl.; see Ey.

Eyt; see Eten.

Eythes, sb. pl. harrows, PP.—AS. egeðe, harrow: OHG. egida.

Eȝe, sb. awe, MD; eie, S; eye, S, G; ȝeie, S; aȝeie, S, NED; aye, HD; eyȝe, G.—AS. ege: Goth. agis; see Sievers, 263. 4. Cf. Awe.

Eȝe, sb. eye, S, S2, PP; ehe, S; eghe, S; eie, S2; yë, S2, C2, C3, G; iȝe, S3, W, W2; yȝe, W2; e, S2, S3; ee, S3; eȝen, pl., S, S2; egen, S; eien, S; eyen, S, S2, P; eyn, S3; eghen, S2, C; eiȝen, S2, PP; eiȝyen, S2; eyne, Sh.; ehne, S; ene, S3; eye, S2; iȝen, W, W2, S3; yȝen, S2; iyen, S3; yën, C2, C3; eyghen, P; eighen; ine, S2; eyghes, PP; eyghe, PP.—AS. éage: Goth. augo; cp. OHG. ouga (Otfrid).

Eȝe-lid, sb. eye-lid, MD; ehelid, S.

Eȝe-put, sb. the socket of the eye; eȝe-puttes, pl., MD.

Eȝe-þurl, sb. window; ehþurl, MD.—éag-þyrl; cp. Goth. auga-dauro, window (eye-door).

Eȝhe-sihðe, sb. the sight of the eye, presence, MD; ehsihðe, S; iȝe-siȝt, S3.

Eȝ-sen, sb. presence; eighesene, dat., MD; æhseone, MD; ecsene, MD; exsene, MD.—Cp. Icel. aug-sýn, OHG. oug-siuni (Tatian).

F.

Fa, adj. few, H; see Fewe.

Fa, Faa, sb. foe, S, S2; see Foo.

Face, sb. face, PP; a term in astrology, C2.—OF. face; Lat. faciem.

Facion, sb. fashion, S3; see Fasoun.

Facound, sb. eloquence, fluency, CM; facunde, H, Prompt.—OF. faconde; Lat. facundia.

Facound, adj. eloquent, CM.—OF. faconde; Lat. facundum.

Fade, adj. weak, faint (of colour), MD; vad, MD.—OF. fade.

Faden, v. to fade, lose colour, wither, to cause to wither, MD, Cath., Prompt.; vade, MD, Sh., HD.

Fader, sb. father, S, S2, C3; Feader, S; feder, S; vader, S, S2; veder, S; fadre, S2; faderes, gen. s., S; fadres, C2; fader, S2, C2, C3; faderes, pl., S2; fadres, C2; fadris, W.—AS. fæder.

Fadme, sb. fathom, ulna, MD, Prompt., C; fadome, CM; fedme, MD; fadmen, pl., G.—AS. fæðm.

Fadmen, v. to embrace, MD, Prompt.; faðmen, MD; fadmede, pt. s., MD; faþmed, pp., MD, S2.—AS. fæðmian.

Fæc, sb. space, interval, portion of time; fece, dat., S.—AS. fæc; cp. OHG. fah (MHG. vach), a wall, a compartment.

Fæie, adj. pl. dead, S; see Feye.

Færd, sb. army, S; see Ferd.

Færen, v. to fare, S; see Faren.

Fæu, adj. few, S; see Fewe.

Fagen, adj. fain, S; see Fayn.

Fai, sb. faith, S2; fay, G; see Feið.

Faie, sb. fay, fairy, S2; see Fay.

Fail, sb. greensward, JD; faill, S3; fail, grassy clod cut from the sward, JD.—Gael. fál, wall, hedge, sod; OIr. fál, wall, hedge (Windisch).

Fail-dyke, sb. dike built of sods, JD.

Faille, v. to fail, S, C2; fayle, S2; failede, pt. s., S.—AF. faillir; Late Lat. fallīre for Lat. fallere.

Faille, sb. fail, doubt, MD; feale, S3.

Fainen, v. to rejoice, S2; see Faynen.

Faire, sb. fair, P; see Feyre.

Fairye, sb. fairy power, fairy land, C2; see Fayerye.

Fait, sb. deed, S2, PP; faite, PP; see Fet.

Faiten, v. to beg under false pretences, PP; fayten, PP.

Faiterie, sb. deceit, PP; fayterye, Prompt., HD.

Faitour, sb. pretender, impostor, vagabond, MD, PP; faytowre, fictor, Prompt.; faytoures, pl., S3; faitors, H.—OF. faitour, faiteör (Godefroy); Late Lat. *factitorem.

Falding, sb. a kind of coarse cloth, C, HD; faldynge, amphibalus, birrus, Cath., Prompt.

Fallace, sb. deceitfulness, W; fallas, W, HD.—OF. fallace; Lat. fallacia (Vulg.).

Fallen, v. to fall, S, C2; uallen, S; feol, pt. s., S; fel, S; fil, C2; ful, S; fyl, S2; i-uel, S; fille, S3; vul, S2; feolle, subj., S; fellen, pl., S; felle, S; fille, C2; felden, S2, W, W2; y-fallen, pp., C2; i-falle, S; falle, S2, C2; fallyng (Scotch form), S3; feld, W.—AS. (ge)feallan, pt. féoll, pp. ge-feallen.

Fallow, sb. fellow, S2, S3; see Felawe.

Fallow, v. to be fellow to, S3; see Felawen.

Fallynge, sb. a falling; fallyngis, pl., ruins, W2, H.

Fallynge-ax, sb. felling-axe, W2; see Fellen.

Fallynge-euylle, sb. the falling-sickness, epilepsy, S2.

Fals, adj. false, MD, C2; false, MD, C2.—AF. fals; Lat. falsum.

Fals-hede, sb. falsehood, S3, C3; falset, S3.

Falsien, v. to make false, MD; falsyn, Prompt.; falsed, pp., C2.—OF. falser (mod. fausser); Late Lat. falsare.

Falsnessis, sb. pl. frauds, W2.

Falten, v. to fail, to be wanting in, to stammer; falt, pr. s., S; fauten, pl., PP.—OF. *falter (whence F. faute); cp. It. faltare, freq. form of Lat. fallere.

The form falt should be taken away from this article and placed under Folden. The words falt mi tunge mean ‘my tongue gives way.’ For the various meanings of this verb folden, see MD (ii. 68).

In the Additions it was not clear which passages belong to which word—Falten or Folden—so the added text is shown in full after both entries. The words “this article” refer to Falten.

Faltren, v. to totter, SkD, C3, CM; to stammer, falter, Prompt.; foltred, pp., S3.

Falwe, adj. fallow, pale, yellow, MD.—AS. fealu (stem fealwa).

Falwen, v. to become yellow, pallid, to fade, MD; faluwen, MD; valuwen, S.—AS. fealuwian.

Familier, adj. familiar, Manip.; famulier, C; famuler, MD.—AF. familier; Lat. familiarem.

Fand, pt. s. found, S, S2, S3; see Finden.

Fandien, v. to try, seek, strive, to prove, MD, S; fande, S2, H; fonde, S, S2, S3, C2; uonden, S; faynd, B; i-fonded, pp., S.—AS. fandian; deriv. of Finden.

Fanding, sb. tempting, temptation, S2; fandynge, H; fondunge, S; fondyng, S2, G; uondynge, S2.—AS. fandung.

Fane, sb. banner, streamer, S3, MD; fayn, weather-vane, S3; fan, C3; vane, C2; fanys, pl., streamers, S3.—AS. fana, a standard, Goth. fana, a bit of cloth; cp. Lat. pannus (pānus), see Curtius, 362.

Fantasie, sb. fancy, PP; fantasy, S3; fantasies, pl., P; fantasyes, S2, C2.—OF. fantasie; Lat. phantasia; Gr. φαντασία.

Fantome, sb. deceptive appearance, falsehood, apparition, MD, C3; fantoum, MD; fantum, S2, W; fantom, H; fantesme, MD; fanteme, MD.—OF. fantosme (Ps. 78. 4); Low Lat. *fantasuma (cp. Prov. fantauma); Lat. phantasma; Gr. φάντασμα.

Fare, sb. journey, S; doing, business, S2, C3, C; behaviour, G.

Faren, v. to go, to fare, to behave, S, S2, C2; uaren, S; færen, S; far, S3; vare, S; fair, S3; farst, 2 pr. s., S; feareð, pr. s., S; fars, S2; varþ, pl., S2; for, pt. s., S, S2; i-faren, pp., S; faren, MD, S2; fare, S, S2, C2; i-fare, S, S2. Comb.: far wel, farewell, C2; pl. fareth wel, C3; farewel, it is all over!, C3.—AS. faran, pt. fór, pp. faren.

Farme, sb. a feast, meal, CM, MD; see Ferme.

Farsen, v. to stuff, HD; farsed, pp., C; farsid, H.—OF. farcir; Lat. farcire.

Fasoun, sb. fashion, make, shape, MD, CM; fassoun, S3; faccion, S3; facions, pl., S3.—OF. fason, fasson, façon; Lat. factionem.

Fast, adj. firm, fixed, SkD; fest, S; faste, adv. fast, firmly, quickly, soon, PP, S, C2; securely, S; feste, S; fast, soon, PP; close, S2; ueste, S; uaste, S2. Phr.: fast aboute, very eager, G.—AS. fæst, firm.

Fasten, v. to make fast, also to fast, jejunare, MD, W (Mt. 6. 16); fest, S2; fæston, pt. pl., confirmed, S; fested, pp., S2.—AS. fæstan; cp. Goth. fastan, ‘jejunare.’

Fasten, sb. fasting, S; festen, S.

Fasting, sb. abstinence from food, MD; fasstinng, S.

Fast-lice, adv. continuously, S.

Fastnesse, sb. stronghold, MD; festnes, S2.

Fast-rede, adj. firm in counsel, S.

Fat, sb. vessel, S, Voc.; fet, MD; uet, MD; feat, MD; ueat, S; faten, pl., S.—AS. fæt: OS. fat; cp. OHG. faz (Tatian).

Fat, adj. fat, MD; fet, S; fette, pl., S.—AS. fæt; cp. Icel. feitr.

Faþmen, v. to embrace, S2; see Fadmen.

Faucon, sb. falcon, C2; faucoun, PP; faukyn, PP; faucones, pl., P.—AF. faucon, falcun; Lat. falconem.

Faunt, sb. child, infant, MD; faunte, HD; fauntes, pl., P; fauntis, P.—OF. fant, It. fante; Lat. infantem.

Fauntee, sb. childishness, PP.

Fauntekyn, sb. little child, PP; fawntkyne, HD; fantekyne, HD.

Fauntelet, sb. infancy, properly a little infant, PP.

Fauntelte, sb. childishness, PP.

Faur, num. four, MD; faure, S2; see Foure.

Faur-tend, ord. fourteenth, S2. Cf. Vourteþe.

Cross-reference could not be identified. No form of “four” is listed under UV in the Dictionary.

Faute, sb. fault, MD; faut, S2.—OF. faute, falte. See Falten.

Fauel, sb. impersonification of Flattery, PP; fauuel, S2; fauell, flattery, S3.—OF. favele, talk; Lat. fabella, ‘sermo brevis’ (Ducange).

Fawch, sb. fallow, S3; fauch, JD; faugh, HD; fauf, HD. Comb.: fawch-ȝallow, fallow-yellow, S3.

Fawe, adj. few, S; see Fewe.

Fawely, adv. few, S3.

Fawn, sb. fawn, the young of an animal, MD; enulus = hinnulus, a young mule, Voc.; fawne, hinulus, Voc.; fowne, hinnilus, Voc. [these Voc. words occur close to names for deer]; fawne, hinnulus, Cath.; fownys, pl., S3.—OF. faön, feön, foün; perhaps a derivative of Lat. foetus, see Diez, p. 580.

Fay, sb. fay, fairy, a person endued with supernatural powers, HD; faie, S2; faies, pl., RD.—OF. faë (fee); Late Lat. fata, from Lat. fatum, a decree of destiny; cp. It. fata, Sp. hada.

Fayerye, sb. magic, fairy world, a fairy, MD; fayreye, PP; feyrye, fairy origin, S2; feyrie, S2, PP; fairye, C2; fairy, P.—OF. faerie, enchantment, also feerie, (Cotg.).

Faym, sb. foam, S3; see Foom.

Fayn, sb. streamer, weather-vane, S3; see Fane.

Fayn, adj. fain, glad, willing, S2, C2, MD; fagen, S; fain, MD; uæin, S; fein, MD; uein, MD; feyn, S2: fawen, MD; fawe, adv., gladly, MD; fainest, superl., CM.—AS. fægen.

Faynen, v. to rejoice, PP; fainen, S2; faunen, to fawn, PP; fawnyn, Prompt.—AS. fagenian, fægnian.

Faynen, v. to feign, S3; see Feynen.

Faynnes, sb. gladness, H (Ps. 67. 3); faynes, H. See Fayn.

Fayntise, sb. pretence, S3; fayntis, H; see Feyntise.

Fayre, adj. fair, C2, PP; faȝȝerr, MD; fæiȝer, MD; faiger, MD; feiȝer, MD; feier, S; uair, S2; feir, MD, S; uayr, S2; fayr, S; vaire, S; faire, pl., S; feyre, S, S2; veyrer, comp., S2; fæirest, superl., S; færeste, pl., S; faireste, S.—AS. fæger.

Fayre, adv. courteously, kindly, PP; fæire, S; faȝȝre, S; faire, S, P; feyre, S, S2, CM; feire, S, S2; uaire, S2.

Fayrehed, sb. beauty, fairness; fairehed, S2; fairhede, S; uayrhede, S2.

Fayrnes, sb. beauty, MD; fairnesse, S, C2.

Fayten, v. to tame, mortify, PP, S2; faiten, PP. See Afaiten.

Faȝe, pl. spotted, S; see Foh.

Feale, sb. fail, failure, S3; see Faille.

Fearen, v. to fare, S; see Faren.

Feawe, adj. few, S; see Fewe.

Feble, adj. feeble, S, S2, PP; fieble, C2, P; feblore, comp., S2; febelore, PP; fibler, PP.—OF. feble, floible; Lat. flebilem.

Feble-like, adv. in sorry fashion, S.

Feblen, v. to become weak, to make weak, PP; febli, S2; febly, S2; feblid, pp., MD.

Fecchen, v. to fetch, S, S2, C2, P; vecche, S; fechen, S; fache, S3.—From AS. fecce, pr. s. of feccan (= fetian). See Fetten.

Fecht, v. to fight, B; see Fighten.

Fechtaris, sb. pl. fighters, S3, B.

Fechting-sted, sb., battle-ground, B.

Fede, sb. enmity, S3; feide, MD.—AS. fǽhð. See Foo.

Feden, v. to feed, S, PP; ueden, S; fet, pr. s., S; fett, S; vedde, pt. s., S2; fedde, PP; foded, S2; i-ued, pp., S; i-uædde, pl., S.—AS. fédan: OS. fódian. See Fode.

Feder, sb. father, S; see Fader.

Feder, sb. feather, MD; see Fether.

Fedramme, sb. plumage, S3; see Feðerhome.

Fee, sb. cattle, property, money, PP, S2; feo, MD; fe, S, S2, PP; feh, MD.—AS. feoh: OS. fehu; cp. Lat. pecus.

Feend, sb. enemy, fiend, C2, C3; fend, S, S2; feende, PP; feont, S; ueond, S; fond, MD; fynd, MD; fende, S2, S3; feondes, pl., S; fendes, S, S2; fiendes, S; vyendes, S2; feendis, W.—AS. féond, pr. p. of féon, to hate; cp. Goth. fiands, fijands, enemy, pr. p. of fijan, to hate.

Feendli, adj. fierce, devilish (= Lat. diabolica), W; feondliche, adv. fiercely, S; feendly, C3.—AS. féondlic, féondlice.

Feer, sb. companion, S3; see Fere.

Fees, sb. pl. landed possessions, cities, S2; feys, HD; feus, PP.—OF. feu, fiu, in pl. feus, fieus, fius, fiez, all found in Roland; also OF. fie (Bartsch), F. fief; probably of Teutonic origin, cp. OHG. fihu, property; see Braune, in ZRP. x. 262. See Fee.

Feet, sb. deed, C2, PP; see Fet.

Feffement, sb. possession, Manip., PP.

Feffen, v. to put into possession, MD, PP; feffede, pt. s., S2.—OF. feffer; cp. Low Lat. feoffare. See Fees.

Feht; see Fighten.

Fei, sb. faith, S2; fey, C2, C3; see Feið.

Feier, adj. fair, S; see Fayre.

Feierlec, sb. beauty, S.

Feild, sb. field, MD. Comb.: feild-going, a walking out of doors, S3. See Feld.

Feir, sb. companion, S3; see Fere.

Feir, adj. fair, S, PP; see Fayre.

Feire, adv. kindly, PP, S, S2.

Feiren, v. to make fair, S.

Feið, sb. faith, S, PP; feyth, PP; feth, S3; feiȝþ, S2; fei, S2; fey, C2, C3; fai, S2; fay, G, PP. Phr.: ye-feth, in faith, S3.—OF. fei, feit, feid: Lat. fidem.

Feið-ful, adj. faithful, MD; faithfol, PP; feiȝtful, S2.

Feiðliche, adv. faithfully, MD; feiȝliche, S2; feiȝþely, S2; feþli, S2; faithly, PP.

Fel, sb. a fell, mountain, S2; fell, MD; felle, MD, S2.—Icel. fjall.

Fel, adj. base, cruel, treacherous, S2, PP, C2, G, W; fell, S3; felle, S2, S3, W2; pl., PP, C2.—AF. fel, wicked, cruel.

Felawe, sb. partner, companion, fellow, S, S2, C3, PP; felaw, S2, PP; felow, S3, PP; felaȝe, S; fallow, S2, S3; felaus, pl., S2; feolahes, S; uelaȝes, S2.—Icel. félagi, partner in common property (fé). See Fee.

Felawen, v. to associate, to be fellow to; fallow, S3; uelaȝen, MD; felaghid, pp., H.

Felawrede, sb. fellowship, MD; uelaȝrede, S2.

Felawschipe, sb. fellowship, society, crew, PP; felaȝschipe, S2; feolahscipe, S.

Felawship, v. to associate, MD; felouschipid, pp., W2.

Felaȝliche, adv. intimately; feolohlukest, superl., S.

Feld, sb. field, S, PP; feeld (heraldic), C2; ueld, S2; fild, MD; felde, dat., S, S2; uelde, S, S2; ualde, S; feldes, pl., S, S3.—AS. feld.

Feld-fare, sb. fieldfare, lit. ‘field-farer,’ S2; campester, Voc.; ruruscus, Voc.

Feldi, adj. champain (= Lat. campestris), MD; feeldi, W.

Feldishe, adj. belonging to the country, S3.

Fele, adj. many, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; vele, S, S2; feole, S, PP; ueole, S; veale, S; vale, S, HD; felle, S3.—AS. fela; cp. Goth. filu.

Felefalden, v. to multiply, MD; felefalded, pt. s., S2.

Fele-folde, adj. manifold, S; many times, PP.

Felen, v. to feel, S; uele, MD; fel me, 1 pr. s., S2; felde, pt. s., S; feld, S2; felte, C2; feelede, C3.—AS. félan: OS. fólian (in gi-fólian), OHG. fóljan; cp. fualen (Otfrid).

Fell, sb. skin, S3; fel, MD, S2, G, P; felle, S2; felles, pl., S; uelles, S; fellys, S2.—AS. fell; cp. Goth. fill.

Fellen, v. to fell, S, PP; falle, S2; falleð, pr. pl., S; felde, pt. s., G, PP.—AS. fellan, OHG. fallian; OS. fellian, OHG. fellen (Otfrid).

Felnesse, sb. astuteness (= Lat. astutia), W2.

Felon, sb. villain, traitor, PP; feloun, PP; felloun, S3; felloune, S3.—AF. feloun, felon, acc. of fel. See Fel.

Felonie, sb. base wickedness, MD; felony, S; felonye, S2, S3, C3, W2.

Felonliche, adv. cruelly, PP; felunlyche, S2; felounelich, PP; felunly, S2.

Fen, sb. a section of Avicenna’s book on medicine called the Canon, C3, CM.—Arabic fan, a branch, division, category; cp. Ducange (s.v. fen).

Fen, sb. mud, mire, marsh, dung, S2, S2, G, H; fenne, Voc., Prompt., W; uenne, S.—AS. fenn: Goth. fani, mud, clay.

Fenden, v. to defend, PP; fend, imp. s., S3.—From OF. defendre; Lat. defendere.

Fenestre, sb. window, PP; fenystaris, pl., S3.—OF. fenestre; Lat. fenestra.

Feng; see Fon, v.

Fenkel, sb. fennel, MD, PP; fenecel, Voc.; fenkil, PP; fynkel, PP; fynkyl, Voc.; fenel, PP; fenyl, S2. Comb.: fenel seed, PP.—Lat. feniculum, foeniculum; cp. AS. fenol (Voc.).

Feole; see Fele.

Feond, sb. enemy, PP; feont, S; feondes, pl., S; see Feend.

Feord, sb. army, S; see Ferd.

Feorden, pt. pl., fared, S; see Feren.

Fer, sb. fire, S; fere, dat., S2; uere, S2; ueree, S; see Fur.

Fer, adj., adv. far, PP, S, S2, C2; ferr, S, S2, PP; uer, S2; feor, S; ueor, S; for, S; ferre, comp., C; ferrer, S3, C, PP; ferrest, superl., PP. Comb.: ferforth, far away, completely, S2, S3, C2, C3; farforth, S3; feoruoþ, S.—AS. feorr: OS. fer; cp. Goth. fairra. Cf. Aferre.

Ferd, sb. an expedition, army, MD; færd, S; feord, S; uerd, MD; ferde, MD; furde, dat., MD; ferde, pl., S; ferdes, MD; verden, dat., S; uerdes, MD.—AS. fird, fyrd, ferd. See Faren.

Ferd, sb. fear, PP, G; feerd, MD; ferde, dat., MD, CM, S2.

Ferdful, adj. causing terror, timid, MD, W, W2; feerdful, W2.

Ferdlayk, sb. fear, MD.

Ferdnes, sb. fear, MD, S2.

Fere, v. to frighten, terrify, PP, S2, W; feare, S3; feere, CM; fered, pp., S2, C3; ferd, S2; ferde, S3; feared, S3.—AS. fǽran, to frighten.

Fere, sb. companion, S, S2, S3, G; uere, S; feer, S3; feir, S3; feren, pl., S; ferin, S; feiren, S; feres, S, S2; feeres, S2. See Ifere.

Fere, adj. well, sound, MD, S2; fer, S, B; feir, B. Phr.: hoi and fer, MD, S; haill and feir, safe and sound, B.—Icel. færr, able, strong (for travelling).

Fere, sb. power, ability, S, MD.—Icel. færi, opportunity, ability.

Fere, sb. fear, PP, S, C2, MD; feer, MD; fer, MD, PP; feere, PP; feris, pl., MD; feeris, MD.—AS. fǽr, sudden danger; cp. Icel. fár, harm.

Fere-full, adj. fear-causing, also timid, MD; feerful, MD; ferful, MD; ferfullest, superl., CM.

Feren, v. to fare, to go, to behave, MD; ferde, pt. s., G, S, S2, C2; ferden, pl., S3; feorden, S; uerden, S; furde, MD; ferd, S2.—AS. féran pt. férde; deriv. of Faren.

Ferien, v. to bring, MD; fareð, pr. pl., S.—AS. ferian, Icel. ferja: Goth. farjan. Deriv. of Faren.

Ferlac, sb. fear, MD; fearlac, S; farlac, S. See Fere.

Ferlien, v. to wonder, PP; ferly, JD; ferleis, pr. pl., S3 (13. 80); ferliede, pt. s., PP.

Ferly, adj. dangerous, dreadful, sudden, strange, S2, PP, CM; ferlich, MD, S; ferli, S2; ferliche, adv., S; ferly, S2.—AS. fǽrlic, fǽrlice.

Ferly, sb. a wonder, S2, P; farly, MD; ferlikes, pl., S2; ferlyes, S2; ferleis, S3; ferlis, P.

Ferlyly, adv. wondrously, S2; ferlilic, S2.

Fermacye, sb. pharmacy, medicine, C.—OF. farmacie; Late Lat. pharmacia; Gr. φαρμακεία.

Fermans, sb. enclosure, S3; fermance, JD.—OF. fermance, from fermer, to shut; Lat. firmare, to strengthen.

Ferme, sb. food, an entertainment, feast, meal, MD; farme; MD, CM; ueorme, MD.—AS. feorm; cp. Low Lat. firma, a feast (Ducange).

Ferme, adj. firm, MD, C2.—AF. ferme; Lat. firmum.

Ferme, sb. rent, revenue, MD, S2, C; fermes, pl. farms, S3.—AF. ferme; Late Lat. firma.

Fermen, v. to strengthen, PP.—OF. fermer, to strengthen, also to shut; Lat. firmare.

Fermen, v. to hold land at a fixed rent, Prompt. See Ferme, sb.

Fermerer, sb. infirmary officer, Cath. See Enfermerere.

Fermery, sb. infirmary, S3, Voc.; fermorie, PP; fermory, Cath.; fermarye, Cath. (n.); fermerye, Prompt., Cath. (n.).—OF. enfermerie, infirmarie, infirmerie; Church Lat. infirmaria, a place for the infirm (Ducange).

Fermour, sb. farmer, steward, CM, MD; fermer, Cath. See Ferme, sb.

Fern, sb. fern, C2; ferene, dat., S2. Phr.: aisschen of ferne, fern ashes, MD. Comb.: fern-asshen, fern ashes, C2.—AS. fearn (Voc.): OHG. farn.

Fern, adj. and adv. old, long ago, C2, PP; ferne, CM; furn, MD. Comb.: fern-ȝeres, past years; fern yere, formerly, PP.—AS. fyrn (see Sievers); cp. OS. furn, forn, fern, Goth. fairnis.

Ferreden, sb. company, S; uerade, S. See Ȝefered.

Ferren, adj. and adv. far, distant, MD; feren, S; verrenne, pl., S; ferne, C.—AS. feorran, from afar. See Fer.

Ferret-silke, sb. coarse silk, S3, Florio.—It. fioretti, from fióre, flower. Cf. Floret-silk.

Fers, adj. fierce, brave, Prompt., C, PP; fiers, S2, C2, C3; fierse, PP.—OF. fers, fiers (Roland); Lat. ferus.

Fersly, adv. fiercely, PP, B.

Fersnesse, sb. fierceness, W2, PP; feersnesse, W, W2.

Ferst, adj. and adv. superl. first, S, S2, PP; uerst, S2; furst, S, S2, P; forst, S.—AS. fyrst: OHG. furisto. Superl. of Fore.

Ferthe, ord. fourth, C3, PP; fierthe, PP, S; feorthe, PP, S; feurthe, S2; ferth, S2; fierth, S2; ueorð, S.—AS. féorða. See Foure.

Ferthyng, sb. farthing, S2, PP; ferthing, PP. Comb.: ferþinges nok, a farthing piece, S2 (p. 301); ferþyng noke, S2.—AS. féorðung.

Fertre, sb. litter, bier, shrine, MD; feertyr, feretrum, Prompt.—OF. fertere, fiertre; Lat. feretrum; Gr. φέρετρον.

Fertren, v. to place in a shrine; fertered, pt. s., S2.

Fesaunt, sb. pheasant, S3; fesant, Voc.; fesauntes, pl., PP; fesauns, S2.—OF. faisan; Lat. phasianum (acc.); Gr. φασιανός.

Fesien, v. to drive away, MD; fesyn, Prompt., HD; veize, DG; pheeze, ND, Sh.; feazed, pp., ND.—AS. fésian, for fýsian, to drive away, see Sievers, 154. See Fusen.

Fest, adj. and v.; see Fast, Fasten.

Fest, sb. fist, C3; see Fust.

Feste, sb. feast, S, PP, C2, C3; fest, S3; festes, pl., S2.—AF. feste; Lat. festa.

Festeien, v. to feast, to entertain, MD; festeyinge, pr. p., C2.—OF. festeier, festoier; Late Lat. *festicare; cp. Prov. festegar.

Festen, sb. fasting, S; see Fasten.

Festlich, adj. festive, fond of feasts, C2. See Feste.

Festnen, v. to fasten, S; festnin, S; fæstned, pp., S; i-uestned, S; festnyd, PP.—AS. fæstnian.

Fet, sb. deed, PP; feet, C2, PP; fait, S2; faite, PP.—OF. fet, fait; Lat. factum.

Fet, adj. fat, S; see Fat.

Fet, sb. pl., feet, S; see Foot.

Fetel, sb. vessel, S2; vetles, MD; fetles, MD; pl., S.—AS. fætels, pl. fætelsas (Voc.). See Fat.

Feter, sb. fetter, MD; fetyr, compes, Prompt.; feteres, pl., G.—AS. fetor.

Feteren, v. to fetter, MD, G; fettren, P; y-fetered, pp., G; fettred, C2; ifetered, G.—AS. (ge)feterian.

Feth, sb. faith, S3: feðli, adv. faithfully, S2; see Feið, Feiðliche.

Fether, sb. feather, C2; fyþer, S2; fedyr, Prompt.; feðres, pl., S; fetheris, wings, W2; fedres, MD.—AS. feðer.

Feðer-foted, adj. four-footed, S.—Cp. AS. fiðer-fóte. With AS. fiðer cp. Goth. fidwor. See Foure.

Feðer-home, sb. plumage, MD; fedramme, S3.—AS. feðer-hama; cp. OS. feðerhamo, Icel. fjaðrhamr, see Grimm, Teut. M., p. 327. See Fether.

Fetis, adj. well-made, neat, handsome, MD, S2; fetys, S2, C3, C; fetyce, Prompt.—OF. faitis (f. -ice); Lat. factitium. See Fet (deed).

Fetisliche, adv. neatly, S2, PP; fetysly, C.

Fetten, v. to fetch, MD, S2, S3; fete, MD, S; fetteth, imp. pl., G; fette, pt. s. S, C2, C3; uette, MD; fatte, MD; uatte, MD; fet, S3; fetten, pl., S2, P; y-fet, pp., C2; fet, MD, S2, C2; fette, pl., MD.—AS. fetian (Grein). Cf. Fecchen.

Fettle, sb. order, condition. Phr.: in good fettle, JD, HD.

Fettle, sb. girdle, belt, horse-girth, JD. Cp. Icel. fetill, OHG. fezil.

Fettlen, v. to bind, fit, make ready, set in order, MD; fettle, to tie up, put in order, JD; fetyl, JD; fettled, pp., S2.

Feute, sb. track, scent, S2, MD; fewte, vestigium, Prompt.; fute, odour, Prompt.; foute, S2. Comb.: foote-saunte, scent, DG.

Feuer, sb. fever, PP; feuere, PP; feure, PP; fyueris, pl., W.—AF. fevre; Lat. febrem.

Feuerere, sb. February, HD; feuerel, HD; feuirȝer, S3; feuerȝere, HD (s.v. fraiste).—OF. fevrier; Late Lat. *febrarium; Lat. februarium (mensem).

Fewe, adj. pl. few, S, PP; feaw, S2; veaw, S2; fawe, S; feawe, S; vewe, S2; fæu, S; fo, S; fon, S2; fa, H (Ps. 101. 25); foner, comp., S2.—AS. féawe; cp. Goth. faws.

Fewnyng, sb. thrusting, S3. See Foynen.

Fewte, sb. fealty, S3, Prompt., HD; feute, MD.—AF. feaute, fëalte; Lat. fidelitatem.

Fey; see Feið.

Feydom, sb. the state of being near death, or that conduct which is supposed to indicate it, JD. See below.

Feye, adj. dead, doomed to death, feeble, S, S2, MD; fey, JD, HD; fay, MD; fæie, pl. dead, S, MD; fæiȝe, MD.—AS. fǽge; cp. Icel. feigr; see CV.

Feyn, adj. fain, S2; see Fayn.

Feynen, v. to feign, C2, C3, PP; feine, Prompt., MD; feyneden, pt. pl., S2; fayneden, S3; y-feyned, pp., C2.—AF. feindre (pr. p. feignant); Lat. fingere.

Feynt, adj. feigned, false, also weak, faint, MD, Prompt.; faint, MD; feynte, pl., PP.—OF. feint, pp. of feindre.

Feynten, v. to be weak, MD, Prompt.

Feynting, sb. fainting, failing, C2.

Feyntise, sb. deceit, hypocrisy, also weakness, cowardice, MD, S2, P; fayntis, H; fayntise, S3.

Feyre, sb. fair, PP; faire, P; fayre, PP; feyres, pl., P. Phr.: this feire is i-doon, this fair is done, everything is sold, there is no more business to be done, G.—OF. feire (mod. foire); Late Lat. feria, a fair; from Lat. feriae, holidays.

Feyrie, sb. fairy origin, S2; see Fayerye.

Feȝen, v. to join, MD; veien, MD; i-ueied, pp., S.—AS. fégan; cp. OHG. fuagen (Otfrid). See Foȝ.

Ficchen, v. to fix, MD; fitchid, pp., W, W2; fichyt, B.—OF. ficher (Ps. 31. 4); Late Lat. *figicare, from Lat. figere, to fix, see Diez (s.v. ficcare).

Fieble, adj. feeble, C2, P; see Feble.

Field, sb. field, S2; see Feld.

Field-wode, sb. name of a plant, S2.

Field-wort, sb. gentian, HD; feldwort, herba luminaria, Alph.

Fiers, adj. fierce, S2, C2, C3; fierse, PP; see Fers.

Fierðe, ord. fourth, S, P; see Ferthe.

Fife, num. five, S; fyf, PP, C2; fiff, B; fiffe, B; uiue, S; fyue, S2, PP; fif, PP.—AS. fíf: Goth. fimf, see Sievers, 185.

Fifetende, ord. fifteenth, S2.

Fif-fald, five-fold, MD; fif-folde, S.

Fiff-sum, adj. five in all, B.

Fifte, ord. fifth, S; fifþe, S; fyfte, PP.—AS. fífta.

Fifte-siðe, adv. fifthly, S.

Fighten, v. to fight, PP; fiȝte, S; vyȝte, S2; fihten, PP, S2; feȝtande, pr. p., S2; feaht, pt. s., MD; faht, MD; feht, MD; fauht, PP; faught, MD, C2; fuhten, pl., S; fuȝten, S; fouhten, PP; fouȝten, PP; i-fouhte, pp., PP; y-fouȝte, PP; foughten, C; fouȝten, PP.—AS. feohtan, pr. s. fiht, pt. feaht (pl. fuhton), pp. fohten; cp. OHG. fehtan (Otfrid).

Figure, sb. figure, MD, C2; figour, MD; uigour, MD; figures (of speech), C2.—AF. figure; Lat. figura.

Figurie, sb. figured work, S3.

Fihten, v. to fight, S2, PP; see Fighten.

Fiht-lac, sb. fighting, S.—AS. feoht-lác.

Fikel, adj. fickle, treacherous, MD; fikil, H (Ps. 39. 21); fykil, G; fickle, fidgety, S3.—AS. ficol, inconstant.

Fiken, v. to be fidgety, to go about idly, MD, HD; to flatter, play the hypocrite, deceive, MD.—Cp. AS. be-fician, to deceive, to go round.

Fil, pt. s. fell, C2, PP; fyl, S2; see Fallen.

File, sb. concubine, P; fyle, HD.—OF. fille, filie, daughter, wench; Lat. filia.

Fille, sb. wild thyme, S2, MD; serpillum, Voc.; fill, rest-harrow, HD. Phr.: not worth a fille, MD.—AS. fille.

Filstnien, v. to help; filstnede, pt. s., S.—AS. See Fulst.

Filthe, sb. filth, foulness, MD; fuðle, S.—AS. fýlðu. See Foul.

Filthehed, sb. dirtiness, W.

Filtz, sb. son, PP; fitz, PP; fiz, PP.—AF. fiz (fitz); OF. filz, fils; Lat. filius.

Finden, v. to find, S; fynden, S; vinden, S; vynde, S; fynt, pr. s., C3; fint, pl., S; fand, pt. s., S, S2, S3; fant, S; fond, S, S2, G, C2; fonde, S2; font, S2; vond, S2; foond, C2, W; funden, pl., S; funde, S; fonden, S; fand, S2; fonde, C2; founden, S2; i-funde, pp., S; ifounde, S; hi-funde, S; founde, C2; funden, S2; funding, S3.—AS. findan, pt. fand (pl. fundon), pp. funden.

Findiȝ, adj. heavy, firm, compact, weighty, S, MD; findy, JD; fundie, MD.—AS. findig, heavy.

Fine, sb. end, S3; fyn, S2, S3, C2, G.—OF. fin; Lat. finem.

Finen, v. to end, S, MD; fynde, 1 pr. s., S3; fon, pt. s., MD, S2; fan, MD; fyned, S2.—OF. finer for finir; Lat. finire.

Firmentie, sb. furmety, S3; see Frumentee.

Firsin, v. to put far away, S; firsen, S; fersien, MD; fursen, MD.—AS. fyrsian. See Fer.

First, sb.; see Frest.

Fisch, sb. fish, S, W2; fiss, S; fis, S; fisses, pl., S; fysses, S; fissches, S2; fises, S2; fischis, W2. Comb.:—fis-cynn, fish-kind, S.—AS. fisc; cp. Lat. piscis; OIr. iasc.

Fischen, v. to fish, W; fissen, S.

Fischere, sb. fisher, W; fissere, S.

Fischinge, sb. fishing, MD; fissing, S.

Fisike, sb. natural science, art of healing, MD; phisique, MD; phisik, MD; phesyk, MD; fisyk, S2.—OF. fisique; Lat. physica (ars); from Gr. φυσικός.

Fiðele, sb. fiddle, MD, C, PP; fidylle, vidula, vidella, viella, Cath.; fythele, vitula, Voc.; fydyll, viella, Prompt.; vythule, Voc.; fydelys, pl., MD.—Etym. doubtful, probably connected with Low Lat. vidula, ‘a vythule’ (Voc.); cp. OF. vïele, a viol.

Fiðelen, v. to play on the fiddle, PP; vydele, Voc.—Cp. Low Lat. vidulare (Voc.).

Fitheler, sb. fiddler, PP; vythulare, Voc.—Cp. Low Lat. vidularius (Voc.).

Fitz, Fiz; see Filtz.

Flake, sb. thin slice, piece torn off. SkD; flackes, pl., S3 (12. 2); flockes, S3.—Cp. Norw. flak, an ice-floe.

Flan, sb. arrow, S, MD; flon, MD; flone, MD; flonne, pl., HD; flone, HD; flonez, MD.—AS. flán; cp. Icel. fleinn. Cf. Flo.

Flanckring, adj. sparkling, HD.

Flanke, sb. spark, MD; see Flaunke.

Flanker, v. to sparkle, HD.

Flappe, sb. a blow, Prompt., Palsg.—Cp. Du. flap, a blow.

Flappen, v. to flap, slap, clap, MD; flapten, pt. pl., P.—Cp. Du. flappen, to flap.

Flat, v. to flatter, S3.—OF. flater.

Flateren, v. to flatter, PP.

Flatlyngis, adv. flat, B.

Flatour, sb. flatterer, C, MD; ulatours, pl., MD.—OF. flateör; Prov. flatador.

Flatten, v. to dash, cast quickly (water); flatte, pt. s., P; flattide, PP.—OF. flatir, to dash, throw down.

Flaucht, sb. flake, flash, S3 (s.v. fyre); flaghte, flake, piece of turf, Cath. Phr.: flaghte of snawe, flake of snow, Cath.; flyghte of snawe, Cath.; flaught of fire, flash of lightning, JD. See Flawe.

Flaumbe, sb. flame, PP; flambe, CM; flamme, PP; flawme, Prompt.; flaume, PP; flambes, pl. C2, C3.—AF. flambe, OF. flamme; Lat. flamma.

Flaun, sb. a kind of custard, HD; flawn, ND, SkD (p. 805); flaunes, pl., S.—OF. flaon (mod. flan): Low Lat. fladonem (flatonem); cp. OHG. flado; see Ducange (Supplement).

Flaunke, sb. spark of fire, S2; flonke, PP; flanke, MD; flaunkes, pl., S2.—Cp. G. flunkern, to sparkle, Du. flonkeren.

Flaunt-a-flaunt, adv. displayed in a showy manner, S3, SkD.

Flawe, sb. flake; in phr.: flawes of fyre, flakes of fire, SkD.—Icel. flaga, a slab of stone. Cf. Flaucht.

Flay, v. to put to flight, to scare, S2; see Fleyen.

Flayle, sb. flail, PP; fleȝȝl, S; flaill, B; flayles, pl., PP; fleiles, PP.—OF. flaël Lat. flagellum; hence OHG. flegil.

Fleck, sb. spot, blot, stain, RD.—Icel. flekkr; cp. OHG. fleccho.

Flecked, adj. speckled, spotted, PP; flekked, C3, PP, Cath., MD.

Flee, sb. flea, Prompt.; fle, MD; fleen, pl., C3; flen, MD; flees, MD.—AS. fléo (Voc.).

Fleen, v. to fly, flee, C2, PP; fleon, S; fleo, S, S2; flen, C; fle, S, S2, G; vle, S2; flighand, pr. p., S2; fliȝst, 2 pr. s., S; flegeð, pr. s., S; fleð, S; flyþ, S2; fliȝt, S; fleoð, pl., S; fleen, C2; flen, PP; fleh, pt. s., S; flegh, S2, PP; fleih, S2, PP; flaw, S3; fley, C2, G, W; fleiȝ, P, W; fleigh, C; flugen, pl., S; flowen, S2, C, P; flowe, S2; flowen, pp., MD; flowe, G. Weak forms: fledde, pt. s., C2, PP; fled, pp., MD.—AS. fléogan, fléon, pt. fléah (pl. flugon), pp. flogen.

Flees, sb. fleece, S2, PP; flus, PP; fleis, PP; fleose, dat., MD; fleyce, S3.—AS. fléos (flýs); cp. G. vlies.

Fleich, v. to flatter, JD; flechand, pr. p., B; fleeching, B; fleichit, pp., S3.—OF. flechir, to bend, to move any one.

Flem, sb. flight, MD; ulem, MD; fleam, Voc.; fleme, dat., MD.—AS. fléam; cp. Icel. flaumr, a flowing, OHG. floum (Otfrid).

Fleme, sb. fugitive, S, S2.—AS. fléma, and flýma (Voc.).

Flemen, v. to put to flight, MD, S2; flemed, pt. s., S3; flemden, pl., S; flemed, pp., C3; flemit, S3.—AS. fléman, flýman.

Flemer, sb. banisher, S2, C3.

Flen, v. to flay, S; fle, S; flo, S; flouh, pt. s., S; uloȝen, pl., MD; flayn, pp., MD; flean, HD.—AS. flean, pt. flóh, pp. flagen.

Flesch, sb. flesh, PP; flesc, S; fleis, S, S2; fleys, PP; fles, S; fleisch, W; fleysh, S2; fleissh, S2; flessh, S, PP; flesce, dat., S; ulesse, S2; flessce, S; fleischis, pl., W2.—AS. flǽsc; cp. OHG. fleisc (Otfrid).

Flesche-flye, sb. flesh-fly, Prompt.; fleisch-flie, MD, W2 (Ps. 77. 45 and 104. 31).

Fleschlich, adj. fleshly, S, PP; flesliche, adv. materially, S.

Fleten, v. to float, swim, PP, B, S, S3, C, W; to flow, W2; fleit, S3; fleyt, S3; fletes, pr. s., S2; fleet, S2, C3; fleteth, C3; flet, PP; fleet, pt. s., MD; fluten, pl., MD; floten, MD; flote, S2; flette, S2; fletiden, W2.—AS. fléotan, pt. fléat (pl. fluton), pp. floten.

Flex, sb. flax, C, P, Voc.; flax, Prompt., PP.—AS. fleax.

Flex-hoppe, sb. linodium, Voc.

Fleyen, v. to put to flight, to scare away, frighten; fley, JD, S3; flaien, MD; flay, S2; flayed, pp., S2; fleyit, B.—Cp. Icel. fleyja, to cause to fly, throw.

Flicht, sb. flight, PP, B; fliht, MD; fliȝt, S; fluht, S.—AS. flyht: OHG. fluht (Tatian). See Fleen.

Flit, sb. strife, MD; flyt, S2.

Fliten, v. to strive, contend, quarrel, PP, HD, H; flytin, Prompt.; flitis, pr. s., scolds, H; flytande, pr. p., S2; flote, pt. s., MD; fliten, pp., MD.—AS. flítan, pt. flát (pl. fliton), pp. fliten.

Fliting, sb. quarrelling, scolding, PP; flytynge, H.

Flo, sb. arrow, CM, MD; fla, MD; flon, pl., MD, S2; floon, G; flan, MD; flo, MD.—AS. flá (Voc.). Cf. Flan.

Floc, sb. a gathering of men, beasts, birds, MD; flocke (of swine), W (Mt. 8. 30); flockes, pl., S.—AS. flocc.

Flocke, v. tr. and intr. to collect, gather, MD, S3.

Floc-mele, adv. in crowds, MD; flokmele, C2.—AS. flocmǽlum.

Flod, sb. flood, sea, S, S2, PP; flood, C2, W; flode, PP; flodes, pl., PP; fludis, S3.—AS. flód.

Flor, sb. floor, MD, S2; flore, dat., S, PP.—AS. flór.

Floret-silk, sb. coarse silk, Cotg.; flurt-silk, figured silk, HD.—OF. fleuret (Cotg.); cp. G. florett.—Cf. Ferret-silke.

Florin, sb. florin, originally the name of a coin stamped with the emblem of a lily, MD, C3; floreines, pl., P.—OF. florin (Cotg.).

Florischen, v. to flourish, also to cause to flourish, to make to prosper, to brandish, flourish a weapon, MD; floryschyn, to make flourishes in illuminating books, Prompt.; fluricheþ, pr. s., adorns, decorates, S3.—OF. floriss- base of pr. p. of florir; Lat. florere; see Constans.

Flot, sb. fat, scum, S2, JD.—Icel. flot.

Flote, sb. a fleet, B; flot, B.—Icel. floti. See Fleten.

Flote, sb. company, multitude, S, MD.—OF. flote (flotte in Cotg.); Lat. fluctum.

Flote, Floten; see Fleten.

Floteren, v. to fluctuate, flutter, PP.—OF. floter (+ suffix -er); Lat. fluctuare; see Constans.

Flotering, sb. restless motion, W2.

Flour, sb. flower, C2, C3; flur, S; floures, pl., youthful powers, S2.—AF. flur; Lat. florem.

Flour-dammes, sb. ladies’ flower, perhaps Dame’s violet or Dame-wort, Hesperis matronalis (Britten’s Plant-names); Mr. Small suggests ‘damask rose,’ S3.

Floure-de-lice, sb. fleur-de-lys, S2; flour-de-lyss, S3; flour-de-lycis, pl., S3.—OF. flor de lis (Bartsch, 193. 2).

Flouren, v. to flower, flourish, PP, C2, W2.—OF. florir.—Cf. Florischen.

Flowe, Flowen; see Fleen.

Flowen, v. to flow, S, PP; flowe, to abound, W2; flohþ, pr. s., S; floȝed, pt. s., S2.—AS. flówan, pt. fléow, pp. flówen.

Flowing, sb. flood, W2.

Flowte, sb. pipe, cambucus, Prompt.; floyte, MD.—OF. flaute, It. flauto.

Flowten, v. to blow on a wind instrument, MD; flowtyn, calamiso, flo, Prompt.; floytynge, pr. p., C.—OF. fläuter; Late Lat. *flatuare from Lat. flatus; see Constans.

Flowtour, sb., fluter, piper, CM.

Flum, sb. river, MD; flow, flood, JD. Comb.: Flum Jurdan, river Jordan, MD; flum iurdon, S; flom Jordan, MD, W; fleme Jordon, MD.—OF. flum; Lat. flumen (cp. Vulg., Mk. 1. 5).

Flye, sb. fly, C3, PP; fliȝe, MD; fleȝe, MD; fle, S3.—AS. fléoge (flýge). See Fleen.

Flytten, v. tr. and intr. to remove, to depart, MD, S3, PP; flutten, MD; flitten, MD, PP; flute, imp. s., S; vlutten, to subsist, support oneself, S.—Icel. flytja, to carry, remove, support, flytjask (reflex.), to remove oneself, to flit, also, to support oneself.

Fnast, sb. breath, S.—AS. fnæst.

Fnasten, v. to breathe, to breathe hard, MD, S, HD.—Cp. OHG. fnastón, ‘anhelare.’

Fnesen, v. to breathe hard, to sneeze; fneseth, pr. s., puffs, snorts, C3.—AS. fnéosan.

Fnesynge, sb. snorting, Voc.; fnesynge (= Lat. sternutatio), W2 (Job 41. 9).—AS. fnéosung (Voc.).

Fo, adj. few, S; see Fewe.

Foaȝe, adj. spotted, S; see Foh.

Fodder, sb. food for cattle, MD; foddre, dat., S.—AS. fódor, foddor.

Fode, sb. food, S, S2, MD; uode, S; food, MD; fude, MD.—AS. fóda.

Fode, sb. child, lad, person, alumnus, S, S2, PP, HD, MD.

Foh, adj. spotted, S, S2; fou, S; faȝe, pl., S; foaȝe, S.—AS. fáh; cp. Goth. faihus, Gr. ποικίλος.

Foine, sb. beech-marten, Cotg. (s.v. fouïnne); foyne, PP; foynȝee, S3; fooyne, the fur of the marten, Prompt.; foyns, pl., fur, MD, HD.—OF. foine, faine, faine, the beech-marten, also faine, the fruit of the beech tree; Late Lat. fagina, ‘mustela,’ also ‘glans fagi’ (Ducange); from Lat. faginus, from fagus.

Foison, sb. abundance, plenty, might, MD, Sh., HD; foyson, S2, C3; foysyn, S2; foysoun, B; fusioune, B.—OF. foison, fuison; Lat. fusionem.

Folc, sb. folk, people, S, S2, W2, PP; uolk, MD; folk, PP; uolkes, gen., S; folkene, gen. pl., S; folken, S2.—AS. folc.

Folc-king, sb. the king of the people, MD; folc-kinge, dat., S.

Folde, sb. earth, ground, the world, S2, MD, HD, P.—AS. folde, OS. folda.

Folde, sb. a fold, plait, MD, PP. Phr.: in monie volde, in manifold (ways), S.

Folden, v. to fold, shut, embrace, PP; falde, MD; folde, pt. s., S3; folden, pp., S2, PP.—AS. fealdan, pt. féold, pp. fealden.

The form falt should be taken away from this article and placed under Folden. The words falt mi tunge mean ‘my tongue gives way.’ For the various meanings of this verb folden, see MD (ii. 68).

In the Additions it was not clear which passages belong to which word—Falten or Folden—so the added text is shown in full after both entries. The words “this article” refer to Falten.

Fole, sb. foal, S, PP; foles, pl., PP; folus, P.—AS. fola: Goth. fula; cp. Lat. pullus; see Brugmann, § 208.

Fole, adj. and sb. foolish, lustful, a fool, MD, S2; foole, S3; foule, H; fule, S2; fool, C2; foles, pl., S2, S3, P.—AF. fol.

Folgen; see Folwen.

Folie, sb. folly, S2, PP; folye, S, C2, PP; folies, pl., S.—AF. folie.

Folily, adv. foolishly, C3; folili, W.

Follich, adj. foolish, MD; foly, S2; folliche, adv., S.

Fol-marde, sb. polecat, S2; see Ful-mard.

Folte, adj. foolish, Prompt., Cath.; folett, Prompt.—OF. folet (Bartsch). See Fole (foolish).

Folten, v. to behave foolishly, MD, Prompt.; folted, pp. crazed, S2.

Foltheed, sb. folly, PP.

Foltische, adj. foolish, W; foltish, HD.

Foltren, v. to totter, S3; see Faltren.

Foltrye, sb. foolishness, Prompt.

Folwen, v. to follow, C2, C3, PP; folȝen, MD, S; folewe, S2, PP; folgen, S; follȝhenn, S; folhin, S; fallow, S2; filghe, S2; foluand, pr. p., S2; folheð, pr. s., S; folhes, S; foleweð, S; feleweð, S; fulwes, S2; folgede, pt. s., MD; folwede, PP; folgeden, pl., S; folecheden, S; folud, S2; ȝe-folged, pp., S; i-folewed, PP; y-folowed, PP.—AS. folgian (fylgean); cp. OHG. folgên (Otfrid).

Fon, v. to seize, grasp, take, receive, S, S2; fo on, 1 pr. pl. subj., begin, S; feng, pt. s. began, MD; feng on, S; veng, S2; feng, pl., S2.—AS. fón, 1 pr. s. fó, pt. feng, pp. fongen.

Fon, adj. few, S2; foner, comp. fewer, S2; see Fewe.

Fond; see Fonnen.

Fongen, v. to take, receive, PP, S, S2, S3; fangen, PP; fang, S2; see Fon.

Fonger, sb. receiver, S2.

Fo-man, sb. foeman, PP; fomon, S2; famen, pl., S, S2; vamen, S. See Foo.

Fonne, adj. and sb. foolish, a fool, MD; fone, HD; fon, MD, H, HD.—Cp. Swed. fåne, a fool.

Fonnen, v. to act foolishly, MD; fonned, pp. as adj. foolish, fond, W, HD; fond, S3, HD. See above.

Font, sb. font, PP; fount, S2, PP; founȝt, S2. Comb.: funt-fat, font-vessel, S; fant-ston, font-stone, S; fontstoon, C3; fun-ston, HD.—Church Lat. fontem.

Foo, adj. and sb., hostile, guilty, a foe, PP, C2; fo, PP, S2; uo, S2; fa, S; faa, S2; foon, pl., S3, C2, G, PP; fon, PP, S2; fan, S; uan, S; foin, HD; foyn, MD; fo, S; foos, PP, C2; faas, S2; faes, S2; fais, S2; fays, S3; fayis, S2.—AS. fáh, pl. fá; cp. Goth. fihan, to hate; see Brugmann, § 458. Cf. Feend.

Foole, sb. fool, S3; fool, PP. Comb.: fool sage, licensed jester, PP; foole large, foolishly liberal, S3; foole largely, S3; see Fole.

Foom, sb. foam, C3, MD; fame, HD; fom, S2, MD; fome, MD, C3; faym, S3.—AS. fám; cp. MHG. feim.

Foot, sb. foot, also, a measure, S2, C3, HD; fot, S, S2; fut, B; foote, PP; fote, PP; vote, dat., S; fute, B; fet, pl., S; fett, S; vet, S. Comb.: foothot, instantly, S2, C3; fote hote, HD; futhate, futhat, B.—AS. fót: Goth. fotus.

Foot-man, sb. foot-soldier, MD, HD; fotman, MD; votmen, pl., S2.

Foot-stappe, sb. footstep, Prompt.; fetsteppes, pl., S.

For-, prefix (1), having generally the sense of ‘loss’ or ‘destruction.’ Often it is merely intensitive, though generally in a bad sense.—AS. for-, Icel. for-, fyrir-, OHG. for- (Tatian), fir- (Otfrid), G. ver-, Goth. fra-, fair-.

For-, prefix (2), for, in the place of; see For (prep.).

For-, prefix (3), standing for AS. fore, before; see Fore.

For-, prefix (4), standing for OF. for-; Lat. foris, outside; cp. F. hors, from Lat. foras.

For, prep. for, by, for fear of, in spite of, in the place of, for the sake of, S, S2, PP; forr, S; fore, S, PP; uor, S.

For, conj. because, in order that, whether, S, S3, PP. Comb.: for outen, without, besides, S2, B; for owtyn, JD; for out, B; for te, for to, in order to, S, PP; vor te, S, S2; for to, PP; vor to, S2; for þan þe, because that, S; for-þon, S; vorþan, therefore, S; for þat þe, because that, S; for þet, for that reason, S; for þi for that cause, S, S2, PP; uorði, S; for-þe, S; for-þy, S2, PP; forr-þi, because, S; for till, for to, S3; for-whi, wherefore, S2, PP; because, S3; for-quhy, S3; for-why, C3, PP.

For, adv. far, S; see Fer.

For, pt. s. fared, S, S2; see Faren.

Forage, sb. forage, food, C2.—OF. forrage, from forre; Low Lat. fodrum, from a Teutonic source, cp. AS. fódor. See Fodder.

Forager, sb. forager, messenger, PP. Cf. Forrayour.

For-arnen, v. to cause to run about, to ride about; uorarnd, pt. s., S2.—Cp. AS. ærnan (v. tr.), pt. ærnde, pp. ærned. (For- 1.)

For-bathde, pp. pl. bathed deep, S3. (For- 1.)

For-beden, v. to forbid, S, Prompt., S2, PP; forbeode, PP; forbet, pr. s., S; forbed, S; forbadde, pt. s., PP; forbad, MD; uorbed, S2; fforbode, pl., MD; forbude, subj., S; forboden, pp., H, S3, P; forbode, S, PP; forbedun, W.—AS. for-béodan, pt. -béad (pl. -budon), pp. -boden. (For- 1.)

For-beren, v. to forbear, S, C, PP; uorberen, S; forbar, pt. s., PP; forbare, P; forbaren, pl., S; forbore, pp., MD.—AS. for-beran, pt. -bær (pl. -bǽron), pp. -boren. (For- 1.)

For-bernen, v. intr. to burn up, to be destroyed by fire, S; forbrenne, MD; uorbarnde, pt. s., MD; forbrende, MD; for-bernen, v. tr. to burn up, MD; forbærnen, S; forbearne, S; forbrenne, PP; forbrende, pt. s., PP, MD; vorbarnd, pp., S2; uorbernd, S2, MD.—AS. for-byrnan (v. intr.), pt. -barn (pl. -burnon), pp. -burnen, also, for-bærnan (v. tr.), pt. -bærnde, pp. -bærned. (For- 1.)

For-bisne, sb. example, S; uorbysne, parable, S2; forbusne, PP.—AS. fore-bysn. (For- 3.)

For-blak, adj. very black, C. (For- 1.)

For-bode, sb. forbidding, S, P; forbod, S; forbot, S. Phr.: Lordes forbode, it is the Lord’s forbidding, PP; Goddes forbode, PP; Godys forbode, S3.—AS. forbod. (For- 1.)

Force, sb. force; forss, B; fors, B; forse, matter, consequence, PP. Phr.: no forse, it matters not, PP; no fors, S2, C2; no force, ND, HD, S3 (20b, 87); to give no force, not to care, HD, Palsg.; make no fors, C3.—AF. force: Late Lat. fortia. Cp. Cotg. (s.v.): je ne fais point force de cela, I care not for, I force not of, that thing.

Forcere, sb. casket, strong-box, PP; forcer, HD; focer, HD; fosar, HD.—OF. forsier; Low Lat. forsarium (acc.), see Ducange.

For-cursæd, pp. utterly accursed, S. (For- 1.)

For-cwiddare, sb. foreteller, S. (For- 3.)

Ford, sb. a ford, passage, course, MD; forde, PP; forth, PP, S2; vorþ, S2; furth, MD.—AS. ford (OET.).

For-dede, sb. previous deed, S2. (For- 3.)

For-demen, v. to condemn, MD; fordemde, pt. s., S; fordemed, pp., MD; fordemet, S; fordempte, pl., MD.—AS. for-déman. (For- 1.)

For-don, v. to destroy, S, MD, S2, C, P; fordoon, S2; fordoð, pr. s., S, PP; uordonne, ger., S; fordude, pt. s., PP; fordede, S; fordeden, pl., S3; fordo, pp., PP; fordon, S; fordone, S3.—AS. for-dón, pt. -dyde, pp. -dón. (For- 1.)

For-dreden, v. to frighten, MD; fordred, pp., S. (For- 1.)

For-drenche, v. to make drunk, S. (For- 1.)

For-dronken, pp. drunken, C3; uordrunken S.

For-druȝe, v. to dry up, S; fordruye, pp., MD, CM; fordrye, C2. (For- 1.)

For-dynnand, pr. p., filling with loud din, S3; foredinning, S3. (For- 1.)

Fore, prep. before, S; for, JD. Comb.: for by, past, by, B, C2, C3; for gane, opposite to, S3, B; for outh, before, in front of, B; forowth, B; forrouth, S2, B; forrow, S2, B.—AS. for, fore, in the sight of, before, Goth. faura.

Forest, sb. forest, MD; forestes, pl., PP.—OF. forest.

Forester, sb. forester, MD; forster, C, PP, HD; foster, HD.

Foreyn, adj. strange, MD; foreynes, pl. strangers, PP.—OF. forain; Late Lat. foraneum.

For-faren, v. to perish, to fare ill, PP, S2, G; forfayr, B; forfarn, pp. destroyed, S2.—AS. for-faran. (For- 1.)

For-fered, pp. exceedingly afraid, C2, MD. (For- 1.)

For-feren, v. to perish, MD; forferden, pt. pl., MD; forferde, S2.—AS. for-féran. (For- 1.)

Forfet, sb. crime, forfeit, PP, MD.—OF. forfet, forfait; Late Lat. forisfactum, forefacttum (Ducange). (For- 4.)

Forfeten, v. to do wrong, to fail, to forfeit, MD, PP; forfaiten, PP. (For- 4.)

For-feynted, pp. enfeebled, PP; forfaynt, S3. (For- 1.)

For-freten, v. to eat away, PP; forfret, pr. s., PP. (For- 1.)

Forgaf; see For-ȝiuen.

For-gar, v. to lose; forgart, pt. pl., S2.—Cp. Icel. fyrir-göra, to forfeit. For- 1.)

Forgen, v. to make, construct, forge (of smith’s work), MD; forgeden, pt. pl., W2 (Ps. 128. 3); forgit, pp., S3; forgid, PP.—OF. forger, forgier (Ps. 128. 3); Lat. fabricare (Vulg.).

For-geten, v. to forget, MD, S, S2; see Forȝeten.

Forgetil, adj. forgetful, H.—AS. forgitol.

Forgetilnes, sb. forgetfulness, H.—AS. forgitolnes.

For-gilten, v. to forfeit, to make guilty, MD; forgulten, MD; to harm, PP; forgilt, pt. s., MD; forgulten, pl., MD; forgult, pp., S, MD; forrgilltedd, S. (For- 1.)

For-gon, v. to forgo, S2, C3; forga, S2; forgoon, C2; forgoð, pr. s., S; forgan, pp., MD; forgone, MD, S3.—AS. for-gán. (For- 1.)

For-heden, v. to neglect, pay no heed to, S2.—From AS. hédan. (For- 1.)

For-heed, sb. forehead, C; foreheued, MD. (For- 3.)

For-helen, v. to conceal, HD; forholen, pp., S, HD; forhole, S, HD.—AS. for-helan, pt. -hæl (pl. -hǽlon), pp. -holen. (For- 1.)

For-hewed, pp., hewn about, S3. (For- 1.)

For-hilen, v. to protect, MD. (For- 1.)

For-hiler, sb. protector, S2, HD.

For-hiling, sb. protection, S2.

For-hoght, sb. contempt, MD. (For- 1.)

For-hoȝien, v. to neglect, despise, S; forhohien, MD.—AS. for-hogian. (For- 1.)

For-langen, v. to long for; forrlangedd, pp., S. (For- 1.)

For-lesen, v. to lose wholly, MD, HD; forleosen, MD; forleost, 2 pr. s., S; vorleost, pr. s., S; forleseþ, S; forles, pt. s., S; forlesed, 2 pt. s., destroyedst, S2; forrlurenn, pl., S; forloren, pp., S; forrlorenn, S; vorloren, S; forlorne, S3; forlorn, S2; forlore, S2, S3; uorlore, S2.—AS. for-léosan, pt. léas (pl. luron), pp. loren. (For- 1.)

For-leten, v. to leave off, forsake, yield up, S, S2, C2; uorlete, to forgive, S2; forlet, pt. s., S; forleten, pp., S.—AS. for-lǽtan, pt. -lét, pp. -lǽten. (For- 1.)

For-leuen, v. to abandon, MD; forleaf, imp. s., S. (For- 1.)

Forloren; see For-lesen.

Forloynen, v. to go far astray, MD, HD; forloyned, pp., S2.—OF. forlonger, to go far before (Cotg.). (For- 4.)

Formaylle, sb. the female hawk, MD, HD.—Cp. OF. forme, a kind of hawk (Cotg.).

Forme, adj. superl. first, S, PP; forrme, S; furme, MD. Comb.: forme-fader, ancestor, S, S2, S3, H, PP; forme-foster, progenitor, S2; forme-mete, first meat, morning-meal, S.—AS. forma, superl. of fore, before.

Forme, sb. form, figure, shape, MD; scabellum, Voc.; furme, MD; fourme, MD, W; fourm, MD; foorme, form of a hare, Prompt. (see F. forme, Cotg.).—AF. forme; Lat. forma.

Formel egle, sb. female eagle, MD, CM. Cf. Formaylle.

Formen, v. to form, Prompt.—OF. former; Lat. formare.

Former, sb. former, creator, MD, PP.

Formere, adj. comp. former, MD.—Comb.: formere fader, ancestor, S2.

Formest, adj. superl. first, S, PP; furmest, S2.—AS. fyrmest (formest).

Formour, sb. former, creator, MD, PP; formeour, PP; formyour, MD, S2.—OF. formeör; Lat. formatorem.

Forn, prep. and adv. before, MD, HD; foren, S. Comb.: forn aȝens, over against, W.—AS. foran; cp. OHG. forn, ‘olim’ (Tatian).

Forn-cast, pp. forecast, C, CM.

Forneys, sb. furnace, C; fornays, MD; furneise, S; fornes, S2; fourneys, C2, C3; fornesse, HD.—OF. fornaise; Lat. fornacem.

For-nimen, v. to take away, MD; for-numen, pp., S.—AS. for-niman. (For- 1.)

For-old, adj. very old, C. (For- 1.)

For-pinen, v. to torment, MD; forpinede, pt. s., MD; forpined, pp., HD; forpyned, CM, P; famished, wretched, PP. (For- 1.)

For-priken, v. to spur violently; vor-priked, pt. s., S2. (For- 1.)

Forray, sb. foray, B.

Forray, v. to forage, B.

Forrayour, sb. forayer, forager, B; foreyours, pl., PP; foreioures, PP. Cf. Forager.

Forred, pp. furred, S2, PP; see Furren.

For-reden, v. to betray, hurt, wrong, S; forreaden, S; forradden, pt. pl., MD; forrad, pp., MD; forred, S.—AS. for-rǽdan. (For- 1.)

For-saken, v. to forsake, to deny, refuse, PP, S, S2; uorsake, S; forsoc, pt. s., S2; forsok, PP; uorsoc, S; forsake, 2 pt. s., S; forsoken, pl., PP; forsake, pp., W2, PP.—AS. for-sacan, to renounce, pt. -sóc, pp. -sacen. (For- 1.)

For-seon, v. to despise, MD; for-se, HD; forsest, 2 pr. s., S; forrse, subj., S.—AS. for-séon. (For- 1.)

For-slouthe, v. to lose through sloth, C; forsleuthed, pp., wasted idly, P. (For- 1.)

For-sonke, pp. sunk deep, S3. (For- 1.)

For-spent, pp. exhausted, Sh.; forespent, S3. (For- 1.)

For-spreak, sb. an advocate, HD. (For- 2.)

For-stallen, v. to forestall, obstruct, PP. See SkD (p. 805). (For- 3.)

For-standen, v. to stand for, avail; forstod, pt. s., S.—AS. for-standan. (For- 2.)

For-suneȝen, v. to be sinful, MD; forsunegede, pp. pl., sinful, MD; forsinegede, S.—AS. for-syngian, pp. forsyngad. (For- 1.)

For-swelten, v. to die, S, MD; v. tr., to kill, S, MD; forswelte, pp., MD.—AS. for-sweltan, ‘mori, perire.’ (For- 1.)

For-swelȝen, v. to swallow up, MD; uor-zwelȝe, S2. (For- 1.)

For-swerien, v. to forswear, MD; forsuore, pt. s., MD; forsworen, pp., S, G, PP; forswore, PP; uorsuore, S2; forsworene, pl., S.—AS. for-swerian pt. swór, pp. -sworen. (For- 1.)

For-swering, sb. perjury, C3.

For-sweten, v. to cover with sweat, MD; forswat, pp., S2, HD, B. (For- 1.)

For-swinken, v. to exhaust with toil; forswonke, pp., S3 (p. 364, l. 24).

Forth, adv. forth, henceforth, throughout, PP, S; uorth, S, S2; furð, S, S2; forth, prep., along, S2; furth, S3. Comb.: forth daies, far advanced in the day, W; fore days, HD; furth of, forth from, S3; forð riht, straightway, MD; forð rihtes, S; forð to, until, S; for to, S2; forte, S, S2; fort, S; uort, S; forthward, forward, S, S2, 03; forðwyth, right before, S2; forthwit, S; forwit, S2.

Forð-clepien, v. to call forth, S.

Forðen, adv. even, also, MD; forrþenn, S.—AS. forðum (furðum).

Forðen, v. to promote, perform, S.—AS. forðian.

Forther, adv. further, S2, PP; ferther, C2; furder, S3; furðer, MD. Comb.: forthermore, furthermore, C2, C3; forthermo, C3; forthirmar, S2; forther ouer, more over, C3.—AS. Furðor (= Fore + suffix -ðor).

Forther, v. to further, aid, S2; forthren, C; furðren, S; firthren, S.—AS. fyrðrian.

Forð-faren, v. to go forth, S, S2; uorð-farinde, pr. p. pl., S.

Forð-feren, v. to depart, die; forðfeorde, pt. s., S.—AS. forð-féran.

For-þresten, v. to destroy, MD; forþrast, pp., S2. (For- 1.)

Forð-teon, v. to draw forth, bring up, MD; forðteh, pt. s., S.—AS. forð-téon.

For-þunchen, v. to repent, S; forthynketh, pr. s. impers., MD; forthenkith, W; forþynkez, 82; forthinke, imp. pl., S2; forthouȝte, pt. s., W. (For- 1.)

For-trauailled, pp., wearied with toil, MD; fortravalit, S2, B. (For- 1.)

For-tuhting, sb. seduction, S; fortihting, S.—From AS. for-tyhtan, to lead astray. (For- 1.)

Fortune, sb. fortune, chance, MD, Prompt.; fortoun, B.—OF. fortune; Lat. fortuna.

Fortune, v. to make fortunate, to happen, S3, HD, C.

Fortunous, adj. fortunate, HD.

For-waked, pp. tired out with watching, S2, C3; forwake, S2. (For- 1.)

For-wandred, pp. wearied out with wandering, P. (For- 1.)

For-wanyen, v. to spoil by indulgence, PP; forweny, PP; forwene, PP. (For- 1.)

For-ward, sb. agreement, PP, S, C, C2; foreward, S, S2, PP; voreward, S; forwarde, PP, S2; vorewarde, S2.—AS. foreweard. (For- 3.)

For-waste, pp. utterly wasted, wasted with misery, S3. (For- 1.)

Forwe, sb. furrow, PP; see Fur.

For-werien, v. to wear out, MD; forwerd, pp., S3. (For- 1.)

For-werien, v. to cast aside, renounce, MD; forrwerrpenn, S; forrwarrp, pt. s., MD; forrwurrpenn, pl., S; forrworrpenn, pp., S.—AS. for-weorpan, pt. -wearp (pl. -wurpon), pp.-worpen. (For- 1.)

For-wetyng, sb. foreknowledge, C. (For- 3.)

For-wit, sb. forethought, foreknowledge, P. (For- 3.)

For-witen, v. to foreknow, MD; forwot, pr. s., C; forwoot, MD.—AS. fore-witan, pt. pr. -wát. (For- 3.)

For-withered, pp. utterly withered, S3. (For- 1.)

For-wounded, pp. desperately wounded, S3; uorwounded, pt. s., S2. (For- 1.)

For-wrapped, pp. wrapped up, C3. (For- 1.)

For-wreien, v. to accuse, S; forwreye, S; forwreiȝet, pp., MD.—AS. for-wrégan, (For- 1.)

For-wurðen, v. to perish, S; furwurðen, S; uorwurðen, S; forworthes, pr. pl., S2.—AS. for-weorðan, pt. -wearð (pl. -wurdon), pp. -worden. (For- 1.)

For-ȝelden, v. to reward, S, MD, S2; for-yelde, C2; for-yhelde, to render, S2; for-yheld, pt. s., S2.—AS. for-geldan. (For- 1.)

For-ȝeldinge, sb. retribution, S2; foryheldinges, pl., S2. (For- 1.)

For-ȝemen, v. to neglect, MD; foryemen, S.—AS. for-géman. (For- 1.)

For-ȝerd, sb. court, W. (For- 3.)

For-ȝeten, v. to forget, S, PP; forȝuten, PP; foryeten, S; forgeten, S, S2; vorȝete, S; forgetith, imp. pl., G; forȝieteð, pr. s., S; forȝiet, S; forȝet, S; foryet, S; forgat, pt. s., S; forȝete, S2; forȝat, G, PP; forȝaten, pl., W; forgeten, pp., S, C2; forȝieten, S; foryete, S; forȝeten, S2, PP; forȝete, P, W2; forgen, H.—AS. for-gitan, pt. -geat (pl. -géaton), pp. -giten. (For- 1.)

For-ȝetful, adj. forgetful, W (Jas. 1. 25); foryetful, C2.

For-ȝiuen, v. to forgive, PP; foryeue, C3; forȝeuen, PP; forȝieue, S; forrȝifenn, S; foryiue, C2; uorȝiuen, S; forgifen S; forȝef, imp. s., S; forgaf, pt. s., S; forȝaf, G, W, PP; forȝouen, pp., S2; forȝeuen, PP; forȝouun, W; forȝoue, W2.—AS. forgifan. (For- 1.)

For-ȝiuenesse, sb. forgiveness, MD; forrȝifenesse, S; foryeuenesse, S, PP; forȝieuenesse, S.

Foster, sb. nourishment, MD, HD; one nurtured, a child, MD; fostyr, nurturer, fosterer, S3.—AS. fóstor (= fód-stor), nourishment. See Fode.

Fostren, v. to foster, support, cherish, PP; fosstrenn, S; fostred, pt. s., C2, C3; y-fostred, pp., C2.—AS. fóstrian.

Fother, sb. a carriage-load, a load, MD, C; fothyr, B; fudder, JD; fudyr, B; uoðere, pl., MD.—AS. fóðer; cp. OHG. fuodar (mod. fuder), whence F. foudre.

Fou, adj. spotted, S; see Foh.

Foul, sb. fowl, bird, S2, C, PP; foȝel, S; fowel, C, PP; foghill, H; fuhel, S; foull, S3; fugeles, pl., S; fuȝeles, S; fughils, H; fueles, S; fuweles, S; fogheles, S2; foghles, S2.—AS. fugol.

Foul, adj. foul, PP, MD; uoul, MD, S2; ful, S; fule, adv., S; foule, G; fuluste, superl., MD. Comb.: ful-itowen, badly disciplined, wanton, MD; ful-itohen, S; fulitohe, S.—AS. fúl, Goth. fuls.

Foule, sb. fool, H; see Fole.

Foulen, v. to make foul, defile, revile, destroy, S2, PP; fowlen, S2; fulen, S; filen, S2; fild, pp., S2.—AS. fúlian, to become foul, fýlan, ‘inquinare.’ See Foul.

Foulere, sb. a taker of birds, W2. See Foul.

Foul-hed, sb. folly, H. See Foule.

Foundement, sb. foundation, S3, W.

Founden, v. to found, PP; fundit, pp., S3; y-founde, S3; foundun, W.—OF. fonder, Lat. fundare.

Foundour, sb. founder, PP.—OF. fondeur; Lat. fundatorem.

Foundren, v. to founder, also to cause to sink, MD; foundre, C; foundered, pp., S2; fowndryd (as horse), PP.—OF. fondrer, an extended form of fonder, to fall (Bartsch); see also Diez, p. 144.

Founs, sb. bottom, S2; founce, MD, WA.—OF. fons (Bartsch); Lat. fundus; cp. Prov. founs, deep (Diez, p. 143).

Foure, num. four, C3, PP; fower, S; uour, S; fuwer, MD; faur, MD; faure, S2; fawre, S2; fowre, S2.—AS. féower, OS. fiuwar: Goth. fidwor; cp. OWel. petguar, Lat. quatuor.

Foute, sb. scent, trace of a beast of chase, S2; see Feute.

Fownys, sb. pl. fawns, S3; see Fawn.

Foyne, sb. a foin, thrust, S3; prick, punctus, Manip.; foines, pl., ND.

Foynen, v. to thrust or lunge with a sword, MD, C; feyne, MD; foignen, MD; foin, ND, Sh.; foygnede, pt. s., MD; foyneden, pl., MD; fwnȝeit, B.

Foȝ, sb. mutual consent, junctura, MD; foȝe, dat., S.—AS. fóg, gefóg.

Fra, Fra-; see Fro.

Fraisten, v. to try, prove, MD, JD, HD; fraisted, pp., MD, S2, HD.—Icel. freista; cp. Goth. fraisan, AS. frásian.

Frake, sb. a man, HD; see Freke.

Frakly, adv. keenly, greedily, hastily, S2, B, JD. See Frek.

Frakne, sb. freckle, lentigo, Prompt.; frakyn, lenticula, Voc.; freken, neuus, Manip., HD; frecken, Palsg., Manip.; fraknes, pl., HD, C; freknes, MD.—Icel. frekna.

Fraknede, pp. freckled, HD.

Frakny, adj. freckled, Prompt.

Fram, prep. from, S, S2, PP; vram, S2; urom, S. Comb.: fram-ward, prep. away from, MD, HD; frommard, S; urommard, S.—AS. fram (from) and fromweard, ‘aversus.’ Cp. Fro.

Frame, sb. benefit, advantage, S, S2; freme, MD; ureme, MD.—AS. fremu; Icel. frami, advancement. Fremu is from AS. fram (from), excellent.

Framien, v. to serve, benefit, refresh, accomplish, MD; fremmen, MD; freme, S, HD; frame, JD.—AS. fremian.

Franke, adj. free, Manip.—AF. franc, cp. franke homme, freeman.

Frankeleyn, sb. freedman, libertinus, MD; also a freeholder, C, HD, G; frankeleyne, Prompt., PP; frankelayn, Voc., PP; frankelin, C2; francoleyn, MD; frankeleyns, pl., C (A. 216).—AF. fraunkelayn, fraunclein; Low Lat. franchilanus. The suffix -lanus is of Teutonic origin; cp. AS. -ling; see SkD. (s.v. chamberlain).

Fraught, pp. freighted, laden with cargo, MD, C3; fraughted, S3.

Fraunchise, sb. freedom, prerogative, liberality, MD, PP; fraunchyse, C2; fraunchis, H; franchiss, B.—AF. franchise (fraunchise); formed with suffix -itia; see Apfelstedt, Introd. 67. See Franke.

Fray, sb. terror, S3, B; see Effray.

Frayd, pp. frightened, S3; fraid, scared, S3; see Afrayen.

Frayel, sb. basket, PP; freyel, PP; frayle, Prompt.; fraile, HD.—OF. frayel, frael; whence Low Lat. fraellum (Ducange).

Fraynen, v. to ask, S2, S3, C2, PP; frainen, PP; fraȝȝnenn, MD; freinede, pt. pt. s., S; freinde, S; fraind, S2; freyned, pp., C3.—Icel. fregna, AS. frignan.

Fre, adj. free, free-born, generous, S, S2, C, C2, PP; free, C2, PP; fry, HD; freo, PP, S2.—AS. fréo.

Freden, v. to feel, experience, MD, HD; fredde, pt. s., MD.—AS. (ge)frédan, from AS. fród, wise, sensible, experienced, aged; cp. OHG. fruali, experienced (Otfrid).

Fredom, sb. freedom, liberality, S, S2, C2, C3; fredome, S2, B.—AS. fréodóm.

Freitour, sb. refectory, hall for meals, S3, MD, PP; fratour, HD; fraytour, S3; freitur, MD; fraitur, S3; fratery, HD; froyter, HD (p. 379).—OF. refretoir Late Lat. refectorium.

Frek, adj. eager, greedy, bold, S2; frak, JD; frike, MD; fryke, HD.—AS. frec; cp. Goth. friks, greedy (in faihufriks); Icel. frekr.

Freke, sb. a bold man, a warrior, a man, MD, S2, P; freek, PP; frek, S2, PP; freyke, S3; fraik, PP; frayk, PP; freik, PP; frake, HD; freckys, pl., S3; frekis, P.—AS. freca, a bold man, warrior.

Frekel, sb. freckle; freklys, pl., S3; freckles, variolae, Manip. See Fraken.

Frele, adj. frail, S2, P; freyle, MD; freel, PP.—OF. frele, fraile; Lat. fragilem.

Freletee, sb. frailty, C2; frelete, P.

Frely, adj. noble, gracious, S2, C2, B; freolich, S; freyliche, S2; freliche, adv. freely, PP, S2.—AS. fréolic, adv. fréolice. See Fre.

Fre-man, sb. freeman, S.—AS. fréomon.

Fremde, adj. and sb. strange, foreign, stranger, S, C2, PP; fremmde, S; fremede, S; fremmed, PP.—AS. fremede, fremde, strange.

Fremen, v. to accomplish, S, HD; see Framien.

Frend, sb. friend, S, C; freonde, PP; freondes, pl., PP; freond, S, S2; ureondes, S; frendes, C3, PP; frenden, dat., S.—AS. fréond.

Frenden, v. reflex. to gain friends; ureonden, S.

Frendesse, sb. female friend, W2.

Frendrede, sb. friendship, HD.—AS. fréondrǽden.

Frendschipe, sb. friendship, S, C; freontschipe, S.—AS. fréondscipe.

Freoien, v. to free, MD; vri, imp. s., S2; freode, pt. s., MD; fried, pp., S.—AS. fréogan (fréon), pt. fréode, pp. fréod. See Fre.

Freolsen, v. to free, to celebrate, MD; frelsen, MD.—AS. fréolsian, ‘diem festum celebrare;’ cp. Icel. frjálsa, to free. From AS. fréols freedom, festival: Goth. freihals, ‘collum liberum,’ freedom.

Frere, sb. brother, friar, MD, C, G, P; freir, S3; frer, B; freres, pl., C2, P.—OF. frere, fredre; Lat. fratrem.

Fresch, adj. fresh, new, MD, C; fersch, S2; fresche, W2, PP; freis, S2; freissh, S2.—AS. fersc.

Freschly, adv. freshly, B.

Fresen, v. to freeze, PP; freost, pr. s., S; frese, pt. s., MD; froren, pp., MD.—AS. fréosan, pt. fréas (pl. fruron), pp. froren.

Frest, sb. delay, MD, S2, B; ferst, MD; first, MD; furst, S; virst, S.—Icel. frest, AS. fierst, fyrst, first, an interval.

Fresten, v. to delay, to lend, MD, Prompt.

Freten, v. to devour, S, S2, C2, P; freate, to fret, feel vexed, S3; fret, pt. s., MD, S2, PP; freten, pp., S, S2; frete, S2, C3.—AS. fretan, pt. frǽt (pl. frǽton), pp. freten, a compound of etan, to eat; cp. Goth. fra-itan = fra + itan, to eat.

Fretten, v. to adorn, furnish, MD, S2; fret, pp., MD, S3; fretted, P.—AS. frætwian, ‘ornare;’ cp. OS. fratahón.

Freuren, v. to comfort, S.—AS. fréfrian. See Frofren.

Fri-dæi, sb. Friday, the week-day sacred to Friga, the AS. name of a Teutonic goddess having attributes similar to those of the Roman Venus, S; fridai, MD.—AS. Frige-dæg.

Frie, sb. the wife of Woden, MD.—AS. Friga; see Grimm, Teut. M., p. 299.

Frien, v. to fry, MD; i-friȝet, pp., S2; fryed, PP; yfryed, PP.—OF. frire; Lat. frigere.

Frigt, sb. fright, MD; friȝt, MD.—AS. fyrhto.

Frigten, v. to fear, also to alarm, MD; fricht, pp., S3.—AS. forhtian, pp. forht.

Frigti, adj. timid, S.—Comb.: frigti luue, reverence, S.

Frigtihed, sb. alarm, S.

Frigtilike, adv. timidly, S.

Frið, sb. peace, security, deer-park, forest, wood, S, S2, PP, HD; fryth, S2, PP.—AS. frið; cp. OHG. fridu (Otfrid).

Friðien, v. to free, protect, spare, MD; friðie, S; frithed, pp., enclosed, P.—AS. (ge)friðian, to protect.

Fro, prep. from, S, S2, C2, PP; froo, PP; fra, S, S2, S3. Comb.: frathine, from thence, S3, B; fraward, away from, forward, S2, MD; frawart, S3.—AS. fram, Icel. frá. Cf. Fram.

Frofre, sb. comfort, MD; frouer, S; froure, S, MD.—AS. frófor.

Frofren, v. to comfort, S; frouren, S; frefrien, MD; freureð, pr. s., S.—AS. frófrian, fréfrian.

Frogge, sb. frog, S, Voc.; frock, HD; froggen, pl., S; frogges, MD.—AS. frocga.

Froit; see Frut.

Frokke, sb. frock, PP, MD; frogge, PP; froggis, pl., B.—OF. froc (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. frocus, flocus, see Ducange. For interchange of fr and fl cf. Frounce.

Frosche, sb. frog, Voc.; froske, MD, H; froskes, pl., MD; froskis, H; frosses, MD.—AS. frox; cp. Icel. froskr.

Froten, v. to rub, MD, H; frotynge, pr. p., W; frotyng, grating, S2; yfroted, pp., S2.—OF. froter: It. frettare: Lat. frictum, from fricare; see Constans.

Froðe, sb. froth, foam, MD, Prompt.; forþe, S2.—Icel. froða, frauð; cp. Dan. fraade, Sw. fradga.

Frothen, v. to froth, C, MD.

Frounce, sb. a fold, plait, ND; frounces, pl., PP; flounce, SkD.—OF. fronce, wrinkle (Bartsch). For interchange of fr and fl cf. Frokke.

Frouncen, v. to knit the brow, wrinkle, fold, MD, ND, HD; frounsen, HD; frounced, pp., S3; fronst, HD.—OF. froncer; Late Lat. frontiare.

Frount, sb. front, forehead, S2, MD, B.—AF. frount, frunt; Lat. frontem.

Frude, sb. frog, MD; fruden, pl., S.—Icel. frauðr; cp. Dan. frö.

Frume, sb. beginning, MD; frome, MD.—AS. fruma; cp. Goth. frums.

Frumentee, sb. furmety, wheat boiled in milk, MD, HD; frumenty, MD, HD; furmente, MD; firmentie, S3.—OF. frumentee, fromentee; Late Lat. frumentata; from Lat. frumentum, corn (OF. froment, forment, wheat, corn).

Frumðe, sb. beginning, S; urumðe, MD.—AS. frymða (frumð).

Frustir, adj. frustrated, useless, JD, S3.—Cp. OF. frustrer; Lat. frustrare.

Frut, sb. fruit, S, S2; fruit, S; fruyt, C3; froit, MD; froyt, H (Ps. 125. 6); fryt, S2; frutis, pl., B; froytis, B.—OF. frut (fruit); Lat. fructum.

Fruytesteres, sb. pl. f., women fruit-sellers, C3.

Fugel, Fuhel; see Foul.

Ful, adj. foul, S; fule, adv., S. Comb.; ful-itohen, S. See Foul.

Ful, pt. s., fell, S, PP. See Fallen.

Ful, adj. full, S. Comb.: ful iwis, full assuredly, S; fol iwis, S; ful out, completely, W2; to ful, completely, S2. See Full.

Ful, sb. a goblet full of drink, a toast at a heathen feast; uul, S.—AS. ful; cp. Icel. full; see Grimm, Teut. M., p. 60.

Ful-bringen, v. to complete, MD; fullbrohht, pp., MD.

Fulcning, sb. baptism, S; folcninge, dat., S. See Fulhtnen.

Ful-don, v. to accomplish, S.

Ful-endin, v. to bring to an end, S; fulendy, S.

Ful-forðien, v. to perform, S.

Ful-fremien, v. to perfect, MD; fullfremedd, pp., S.

Ful-fullen, v. to fulfil, perfect, to fill full, MD; folvellet, imp. pl., S; fulfellþ, pr. s., S; uuluelden, pt. pl., S; folfult, pp., S2; fulfild, S2.

Ful-hed, sb. fulness, S2; folhed, MD.

Fulhtnen, v. to baptize, MD; fullhtnenn, S. See Fulluht.

Full, adj. full, MD; ful, S; fol, S2; vol, S2; fulle, dat., S, PP; adv., S; follest, superl., S2.

Fulle, sb. fill, S; fylle, S2.—AS. fyllo: OHG. fulli.

Fullen, v. to fill, complete, S; felle, S; fulde, pt. s., S; felde, S2; vulde, S2; fylden, pl., S; i-fullet, pp., S; i-uulled, S; hi-fulled, S; ifuld, S2; filt, S; fulde, pl., S.—AS. fyllan: OS. fullian: Goth. fulljan.

Fulliche, adv. fully, S; folliche, S; volliche, S2.

Fulluht, sb. baptism, S; fullouht, MD; fullouȝt, MD; fulloȝt, MD.—AS. fulwiht (OET.). See Full.

Ful-mard, sb. polecat, MD, Voc.; fulmarde, Palsg.; fulmerde, Voc.; fulmare, Manip.; fulmere, Voc., Prompt. (p. 407); folmarde, S2.—AS. fúl + mearð, marten. See Foul.

Fulnesse, sb. fulness, MD; uolnesse, S2.

Fulst, sb. help, S.—AS. fylst (ful + læst); cp. OS. ful-lésti. See Full.

Fulsten, v. to help, S.—AS. fylstan: OS. ful-léstian.

Ful-sum, adj. plenteous, S. See Full.

Fulsumhed, sb. abundance, S.

Fulsumnesse, sb. satiety, MD; fulsomnesse, C2.

Fulðe, sb. fulness, MD. See Full.

Fultum, sb. help, MD; fultume, dat., MD; pl., S.—AS. fultum (= ful + téam). See Full.

Fulwes; see Folwen.

Fulȝeis, sb. pl., leaves, S3.—OF. fuille, foille; Lat. folium.

Fume, sb. fume, smoke, MD; confusion in the brain produced by drunkenness, C.—OF. fum; Lat. fumum.

Fumetere, sb. the herb fumitory, fumus terrae, earth-smoke, Alph., Voc., C; fumytere, Voc.; fumeter, Prompt.—OF. fumeterre; Late Lat. fumus terrae (Alph.).

Fumosite, sb. indigestibility, MD; fumositee, the quality of getting into the head (of wines), C2, C3; fumositie, smoakiness, Manip.

Fumouse, adj. angry, Palsg. (p. 774).

Funden, v. to hasten, go, to strive, S, MD; fonde, S, S3; foonde, S2; founde, S2, B.—AS. fundian, to hasten. See Finden.

Funden, pt. pl., found, S; see Finden.

Fundie, adj. heavy, MD; see Findiȝ.

Fundles, sb. a finding, S; fundless, HD.

Fundling, sb. foundling, S.

Fundy, v. to become stiff with cold, JD.

Fundying, sb. benumbment with cold, B.

Funt, sb. font, S; funte, Voc. Comb.: funt-fat, font, S. See Font.

Fur, sb. fire, S, S2, PP; fir, S; fer, S; feer, S2; fyr, PP, C2; fuyr, PP; fuir, S2, PP; fyre, MD; fere, dat., S2; uere, S2.—AS. fýr: OHG. fiur (Otfrid).

Fur, sb. furrow, S3; furgh, MD; furch, MD; forwe, PP; forwes, pl., P. Comb.: fur-breid, furrow’s breadth, S3; furlong, furrow’s length, C2, C3, PP; fourlonge, P; forlang, PP.—AS. furh.

Fureur, sb. fury, S3.—OF. fureur; Lat. furorem.

Furial, adj. raging, C2.—Lat. furialis.

Furre, sb. fur, Prompt., Palsg.; furris, pl., PP.—OF. fuerre, a sheath (Bartsch); cp. Sp. fórro, lining: It. fódero, lining, a furred garment, a sheath, scabbard: Goth. fodr, sheath; cp. Icel. fóðr, lining, OHG. fuatar, see Kluge and Weigand (s.v. futter).

Furren, v. to line with fur, MD; furryn, Prompt.; furred, pp., MD; forred, S2, PP.—OF. forrer (Bartsch), also fourrer (Cotg.).

Furst, sb. delay, S; see Frest.

Fus, adj. eager, prompt, MD; fous, MD; vous, MD.—Icel. fúss: OHG. funs (Otfrid).

Fusen, v. to hurry, MD; fusede, pt. s., MD.—AS. fýsan: OS. fúsian.

Fust, sb. fist, S2, PP; fyste, Voc.; fist, MD; fest, MD, C3; feste, dat., C3.—AS. fýst: OHG. fúst (G. faust).

Fuȝten; see Fighten.

Fylyng, sb. defiling, S2. See Foulen.

Fyn, sb. end, S2, S3, C2, G; see Fine.

Fyr, sb. fire, PP, C2; fyre, MD. Comb.: fyre-flaucht, lightning, S3; fyr-reed, red as fire, C. See Fur.

Fyrth, sb. a passage, inlet of the sea, S3; firth, JD.—Icel. fjòrðr.

Fyry, adj. fiery, C; fery, S3. See Fur.

Fyȝte, v. to fight, PP; see Fighten.

Fyȝte, sb. fight, PP; fiȝte, S, S2; uihte, S; feht, MD; feȝt, S2; fæht, MD; fæhte, S.—AS. feoht: OS. fehta.

G.

Ga, v. to go; see Gan.

Gabben, v. to lie, mock, scoff, jest, prate, S, C, PP, Prompt., Cath., JD.—Icel. gabba, to mock.

Gabbynge, sb. lying, deceit, PP, Prompt., HD.

Gabbere, sb. liar, chatterer, CM, Prompt. (n).

Gadeling, sb. comrade, fellow, vagabond; gadelyng, PP, G, CM; gadlyng, HD; gedelynge, PP, HD; gedelyng, S2.—AS. gædeling OS. gaduling, a kinsman; cp. Goth. gadiliggs, a sister’s son.

Gaderare, sb. gatherer, S.

Gaderen, v. to gather, S, PP, C; gadery, S2; gadir, S2; gadire, W2; gedern, S; gedre, S2; gaddreð, pr. s., S; gaderid, pt. s., PP; gadred, S2; gederide, PP; ȝe-gadered, pp., S; y-gadered, S3; gedrid, S2.—AS. gaderian, gædrian.

Gadering, sb. gathering, S.—AS. gaderung.

Gæde, pt. s. went, S.—AS. ge-éode (OET. p. 622). Cf. ȝeode.

Gær, sb. year, S; see Ȝeer.

Gærsume, s. pl. treasures; see Gersum.

Gæt, sb. pl. goats, S; see Goot.

Gagates, sb. jet, S2.—Lat. gagates, jet; Gr. γαγάτης. See Iette.

Gage, v. to measure the contents of a vessel, to guage, S3, Sh.—AF. gauger (F. jauger); from OF. *gauge; cp. Low Lat. jalagium, ‘jus mensuræ’ (Ducange).

Gaignage, sb. crop, fruit of tilled or planted ground, HD; gaynage, S3.—OF. gaignage, produce, revenue, Cotg.; from OF. gaigner, to get, win.

Gainges, sb. pl. goings, S2. See Gan.

Gair, sb. a gore; see Gore.

Gairding, sb. garden, S3; see Gardin.

Gait, sb. way, S3; see Gate.

Gal, adj. lascivious, S; gole, pl., MD.—AS. gál; cp. OHG. geil.

Galamelle, sb. a sweet and nourishing drink, S2.

Gale, sb. sore, S3; see Galle.

Gale-gale, sb. a sing-song fellow, S.

Galen, v. to sing, cry out, to caw (as crows or rooks), Prompt., S3, CM.—AS. galan. Cf. E. nightingale.

Galeye, sb. galley, ship, Prompt.; galeie, S; galey, Voc.; galay, S2; gaylayes, pl., S2.—AF. galeye, galie; cp. Low Lat. galea.

Galianes, sb. pl. drinks named after Galen (called Galien in ME.), C3.

Galiard, adj. gay, sprightly, HD; galȝart, S3; galyarde, HD.—OF. gaillard, vigorous (Roland).

Galingale, sb. a plant from the root of which a spice was prepared, Cath. (s.v. galynga), ND, HD; galyngale, Alph., C3, Prompt.; galangale, ND.—OF. galingal, the root of the rush called cypress (cp. Low Lat. gallingar), from galangue; cp. Low Lat. galanga (Alph.).

Galiote, sb. large galley, S2.—It. galeótta, a good handsome big galley (Florio). See Galeye.

Galle, sb. the gall, bitterness, anger, S, Prompt., Voc., C2, C3, PP; bitter drink, S2.—AS. gealla (Voc.).

Galle, sb. sore in man or beast, Prompt.; gale, S3.—OF. galle, scab, itch; cp. Low Lat. galla (Ducange).

Galnesse, sb. lasciviousness, MD; golnesse, S; galnes, S. See Gal.

Galoche, sb. a kind of patten, C2, Prompt.; galoches, pl., PP; galage, ‘sandalium,’ Manip.; gallage, Manip. (n).—AF. galoche; Low Lat. calopodia, clogs; Gr. καλοπόδιον, dimin. of καλόπους, i.e. wood-foot, a last.

Galoun, sb. gallon, W, C3, P; galun, S.—AF. galoun.

Galpen, v. to yawn, PP, Voc., C2.—OS. galpôn, ‘clamare.’

Galwe, sb. cross, gibbet; galowe, Prompt.; galwes, pl., gallows, Voc., C2; galues, S.—AS. gealga, also galga (Voc.)

Galwe-tre, sb. gallows-tree, S, Prompt.—AS. gealg-tréow.

Galȝart, adj. gay; see Galiard.

Game-gobelyn, sb. a demon who plays with men, Voc.

Gamen, sb. play, sport, CM, S, S2, G, PP, H; gammyn, S2; gomen, S; game, S, G, Prompt., Voc., C2, C3; gome, S.—AS. gamen.

Gamen, v. to be pleasant; him gamede, pt. s., it was pleasant to him, C.

Gan, v. to go, S; gon, S, S2, C2; goon, C2; go, S; ga, S2; gonde, pr. p., S; ga, imp. s., S; gais, S2; goð, pl., S, S2, C2; gooth, C2; gest, 2 pr. s., S, S2; gaas, S2; goost, C2; gaþ, pr. s., S; geð, S, S2; goð, S, C2; gas, S2; goð, pl., S; gon, S2; goon, C2; gan, pp., S2; goon, C2; goo, S3; ygon, C2, C3; igon, G; igoon, G; ygo, S2; igo, G.—AS. gán.

Gan, pt. s. began, did; see Ginnen.

Gane, v. to fit, avail, JD; ganyde, pt. pl., S3; ganand, pr. p. as adj., suitable, becoming, S3; see Geȝnen.

Gang, sb. going, S2.

Gangen, v. to go, S, PP; gang, S3; gangande, pr. p., PP; gangand, S2; gonge, 2 pr. s. subj., S.—AS. gangan.

Ganien, v. to yawn, gape, SkD; gane, Manip., Palsg., S3, C3; gone, S2; ȝanin, Prompt.—AS. gánian (Voc.).

Gar, v. to cause, make, S3; gare, H; gart, pt. s., S2, PP; see Ger.

Gardin, sb. garden, SkD, C2; gardyn, PP; gardyne, PP; gardayne, Manip.; gairding, S3.—AF. gardin (F. jardin).

Garget, sb. throat, CM; see Gorget.

Garite, sb. a watch-tower, look-out on the roof of a house or castle-wall, S3; garytte, a high ‘solere’, Prompt.; garett, HD; garret, Cotg. (s.v. tourelle); garettes, pl., Prompt. (n); garrettes, projecta, Manip.—OF. garite; cp. Span. garíta.

Garlek, sb. garlick, PP; garleke, Alph.; garleek, C; garlekke, Prompt.; garlike, P; garlik, PP.—AS. gárléac (Voc.).

Garnet, sb. a kind of precious stone; garnettes, pl., SkD; granat, Cotg. (s.v. grenat); granate-stone (Florio). Cp. It. granáta, pomegranate, garnet. See Grain.

Garnet-appille, sb. pomegranate, HD. See Apple-garnade.

Garth, sb. an enclosure, HD, S3, H; orchard, Manip.; garthe, sepes, Cath.; garthis, pl., H.—Icel. garð. See Ȝerd.

Gas, pr. s. goes; see Gan.

Gast, sb. spirit, S, S2; see Gost.

Gastlike, adj. spiritual, S; see Gostliche.

Gat, sb. goat, S; gayte, S3; pl., H; gate, S, S3; see Goot.

Gate, sb. way, path, street, PP, CM, S2, Prompt., HD, S3, H; gat, S2; gait, S3.—Icel. gata; Goth. gatwo, street.

Gate, sb. gate, PP, Prompt.; ȝate, S2, G, H, Prompt.; yate, C2, CM, S3, Prompt.; gat, S; ȝat, PP; yat, G; yatt, H; ȝett, S3; giate, dat., S; ȝeate, S.—AS. geat, Icel. gat.

Gate-ward, sb. gate-keeper, S, PP; ȝateward, PP; gatwarde, PP.

Gatte, pt. s. granted, S; see Ȝeten.

Gat-tothed, adj. lascivious, C, CM.

Gaude, sb. weld, Reseda luteola, dyer’s greenweed, producing a green dye (distinct from woad, Florio being here wrong). Comb.: gaude grene, a light green colour, C, HD; gawdy grene, ‘subviridis,’ Prompt.—OF. gaude (Cotg.): Sp. gualda, a herb to dye yellow with (Minsheu); cp. It. gualdo, woad to dye blue with (Florio), Low Lat. gualda, gualdum, ‘glastum’ (Ducange).

Gaude, sb. a toy, piece of finery, also a jest, trick, CM; gawde, a jape, nuga, Prompt.; gaud, HD, ND; ornament, CM; trick, C3.—Late Lat. gaudium, a large bead; Lat. gaudium, joy.

Gaude, v. to sport, jest, keep festival, ND; to scoff, Manip.

Gaudiouse, adj. festal, solennis, Manip.

Gaudying, sb. toying, S3; gauding, scoffing, Manip.

Gauren, v. to gaze, CM, C2, C3; gawren, CM.

Gaurish, adj. garish, S3.

Gayn, adj. convenient, S2; gaynliche, adv. readily, S2; see Geyn.

Gaynage, sb. crop, S3; see Gaignage.

Gaynen, v. to avail, CM, S2; see Geȝnen.

Gayn-ras, sb. return (= Lat. occursus), H; gaynrase, dat. meeting, H; see Ȝeyn.

Gayn-stand, v. to withstand, S3.

Gaytre-beryis, sb. pl. berries of the gayter-tree, C (C. 145), CM, MD.—Cp. Scot. gait-berry, bramble-berry, JD; gaiter-tree, the bramble, JD.

Ge-, prefix; see Ȝe.

Ge, ye, S; see Ȝe.

Geaunt, sb. giant, S, C2; giaunt, W2; gyaunt, PP; ieaunt, PP; geauntes, pl., PP; ieauntez, S2.—AF. geant; Lat. gigantem.

Gede, pt. s. went, S.—AS. ge-éode, Cf. Gæde.

Gedelynge, sb. vagabond, PP; see Gadeling.

Gederen, Gedre; see Gaderen.

Gees, sb. pl. geese; see Gos.

Geet, sb. jet, C; geete, Prompt.; see Iette.

Geet, sb. pl. goats, W2; geete, W2; see Goot.

Geet-buckis, sb. pl. he-goats, W2.

Geinen, v. to avail, profit, S, S2; see Geȝnen.

Geld, pt. s. paid, requited, S; see Ȝelden.

Gelden, v. to geld, castrare, Prompt., Manip.; geldid, pp., W (Mt. 19. 12).—Icel. gelda.

Gelding, sb. eunuch, W (Acts 8. 34); ȝelding, W (Acts 8. 27); geldingis, pl., W.

Gelty, adj. guilty; see Gulty.

Gemme, sb. gem; gemmes, pl., PP, G2; jemis, S3.—OF. gemme; Lat. gemma, gem, bud. See Ȝimmes.

Gemmyt, adj. covered with buds, S3.

Gendre, sb. gender, kind, PP; gendrez, pl., S2.—OF. genre; Lat. genere, abl. of genus.

Gendre, v. to beget; gendrith, pr. s., W2; gendrid, pp., W2.

Gendrer, sb. progenitor, PP.

Gendrure, sb. engendering, W2.

Gendrynge, sb. begetting, PP.

Genette, sb. a small Spanish horse, a jennet, SkD; iennet, S3, Sh.—OF. genette (Cotg.); Sp. ginete, a light horseman (Minsheu): from Zenāta, the name of a tribe in Barbary, see Dozy.

Genge, sb. a going, expedition, army, S; pl. nations, S2, H.

Gent, adj. noble, nobly-born, PP, C2; spruce, gay, SkD (p. 813), S3; gente, S.—OF. gent; Lat. genitum, born, well-born.

Gentil, adj. worthy, excellent, gentle, compassionate, C2; noble, PP; gentils, sb. pl., people well born, C2, C3.—AF. gentil, noble, beautiful; Lat. gentilem.

Gentillesse, sb. nobleness, gracefulness, C2, C3.—OF. gentillesse.

Gentrise, sb. noble nature, PP; gentrice, PP.—AF. genterise.

Gentrye, sb. gentleness, PP.

Gepoun, sb. a short cassock, CM; see Gipoun.

Ger, pl. years, S; see Ȝeer.

Ger, v. to cause, make, S2, JD; gere, to make, H; gar, JD, S3; gare, H; geren, to prepare, S; gare, imp., H; gers, pr. s., H; 2 pr. s., H; gerte, pt. s., PP; gert, S2, PP, S3, H; garte, PP; gart, S2, PP; garde, pl., S3; gert, pp., PP, H.—Icel. göra (for görva). See Ȝare.

Geraflour; see Gerraflour.

Gere, sb. gear, apparel, property, material, business, CM, PP, C, C2, C3, S2; geare, S3; ger, C, S3; geeres, pl., habits, manners, C.—Cp. OS. garuwi, gear.

Ger-fawcon, sb. a kind of falcon, HD; gerfaucun, Prompt.; gerfawcune, Voc.; gerfawkyn, Voc., Prompt.; gerfaukun, W2; gerfawcun, W2.—Lat. gyrofalconem.

Ger-ful, adj. changeable, C, CM. See Gery.

Gerken, v. to prepare, S; see Ȝarken.

Gerland, sb. garland, C3, C; gerelande, PP; garlaunde, PP.—AF. gerlaunde.

Gerles, sb. pl. children; see Gurles.

Gern, adv. eagerly, S2; see Ȝeorne.

Gerner, sb. garner, C, PP.—AF. gerner, OF. gernier, grenier; Late Lat. granarium.

Gerraflour, sb. gilly-flower, S3; geraflour, HD; gylofre, MD, S2 (s.v. clowe); gyllofre, gariophilus, galiofolus, Prompt.; gillofer, ND, Palsg.; gyllofyr, clove, Prompt.; gillyvor, Sh.; ielofer, S3; gelofer, ND, MD.—Cp. OF. girofle, the clove (Bartsch); Low Lat. gariophilus, (Alph.), also caryophyllum; Gr. καρυόφυλλον, lit. nut-leaf.

Gerss-pilis, sb. pl. blades of grass, S3. See Gras.

Gersum, sb. treasure; gersom, HD; gærsume, pl., S; garisome, S; gersoms, HD.—AS. gærsum; cp. Icel. gersemi, a costly thing, jewel.

Gert, pp. made, S2; see Ger.

Gert, pp. girt, S2; see Girden.

Gerte, pt. s. struck, G; see Girden.

Gerth, sb. girth, SkD; gerthis, pl., PP.—Icel. gerð.

Gery, adj. changeful, PP, C. See Gerful.

Gessen, v. to suppose, imagine, CM, S2, C2, C3, W, W2; gessist, 2 pr. s., S2; gessiden, pt. pl., S2.—Cp. Du. gissen.

Gesserant, sb. a coat of mail, S3; gesseron, S3; see Iesseraunt.

Gessynge, sb. guessing (i.e. doubt), S2.

Gest, 2 pr. s. goest, S, S2; geð, pr. s., S. S2; see Gan.

Gest, sb. guest, Prompt., S2, C2; geste, PP; gestes, pl., S, PP, S2, C2; geste, S; gistes, PP; gustes, PP.—AS. gæst: Goth. gasts; cp. Lat. hostis.

Geste, sb. story, romance, PP, C2; gest, S3, Manip.; jest, fun, Sh.; gestes, pl., PP, C2, C3; ieestes, PP; gestis, deeds, W2, H.—AF. geste, an exploit, history of exploits, romance; Lat. (res) gesta, a thing performed.

Geste, v. to tell romances, Prompt., MD; jest, to act in sport, Sh.

Gesten, pp. lodged (?), S2.

Gesting, sb. lodgings, S2.

Gestinge, sb. jesting, S3; gestynge, romancing, Prompt. See Geste.

Gestnen, v. to feast, entertain; gestened, pt. s., HD; igistned, pp., S2.

Gestninge, sb. feast, banquet, S; gestening, S2; gistninge, S; gystninge, S.

Gestour, sb. a reciter of tales, C2; gestowre, Prompt.; gestiours, pl., CM. See Geste.

Get, sb. fashion, behaviour, CM, C, C3, Prompt.; see Iette.

Geten, v. to gain, get, beget, PP; get, pr. s., S2, PP; gat, pt. s., S, PP; geten, pl., PP; geten, pp., PP, G; gete, PP.—AS. gitan, pt. geat (pl. géaton), pp. giten.

Geð, pr. s. goes; see Ga.

Gett, sb. jet, Prompt.; see Iette.

Gett, pp. granted, S2; see Ȝeten.

Geue-like, adj. equal. Phr.: o geuelike, on equal terms, S.—AS. ge-efenlic. See Euen.

Geyn, adj. near, convenient, ready, direct, S3; geyne, Prompt.; gayn, S2; gain, HD; gane, JD; geynest, superl., fairest, S2.—Icel. gegn.

Geȝnen, v. to meet, suit, avail; geȝȝnenn, S; geinen, to avail, profit, S, S2; gayne, CM; ȝene, to reply, S; gane, to fit, JD; gayned, pt. s., S2; ganyde, pl., S3; ganand, pr. p., becoming, suitable, S3.—Icel. gegna, to go against, to answer, to suit. See Ȝeyn.

Giarkien, v. to prepare, S; see Ȝarken.

Giaunt, sb. giant, W2; see Geaunt.

Giet, conj. yet, S; see Ȝet.

Gif, Gief, if, S2; see Ȝif.

Gigelot, sb. a strumpet, MD, H; gygelot, wench, agagula, Prompt.; giglot, ND, Sh.; gigglet, ND.

Giggyng, sb. clattering, C.

Gigour, sb. musician, S.—OF. giguëor (Low Lat. gigatorem), from OF. gigue (Low Lat. giga), a musical instrument; cp. G. geige, violin.

Gildir, v. to deceive; gildirs, pr. s., H; gildird, pp., H.—Icel. gildra, to trap.

Gildire, sb. deceit, snare, H; gildirs, pl., H.—Icel. gildra, a trap.

Gile, sb. guile, deceit, fraud, PP, C.—AF. gile, OF. guile: AS. wíle (Chron. ann. 1128).

Gilen, v. to beguile, PP; gylen, S2; giled, pp., S.

Gilery, sb. deceit, H; gilrys, pl., H.—OF. gillerie.

Gill, sb. a familiar term for a woman, S3, ND, Sh.; jill, Sh.—Short for Gillian, a woman’s name, Sh., ND; Lat. Juliana.

Gill-burnt-tayle, sb. the ignis-fatuus, ND (s.v. gyl).

Gille, sb. a gill (measure), PP; gylle, PP, Prompt.; iille, P.—OF. gelle.

Gill-flurt, sb. a flirt, ND.

Gillofer, Gillyvor; see Gerraflour.

Gilour, sb. deceiver, PP; gyloure, H.—AF. gilour.

Gilt, sb. guilt, S, PP; see Gult.

Giltlese, adj. guiltless, S; gilteles, C; giltlees, C3.

Gin, sb. engine, contrivance, artifice, C2, C3, S3; gyn, PP, S2; ginne, S, S2; gynne, PP.—OF. engin, engien, craft, deceit, contrivance.

Ginful, adj. guileful, deceitful, PP.

Gingebreed, sb. gingerbread, C2; gyngebred, gingium, Voc. Cp. Low Lat. gingibretum (Ducange), also OF. gigimbrait, a preparation of ginger, gingenbret, ginger (Bartsch).

Gingiuere, sb. ginger, SkD, Cath. (n); gingiuer, HD; gyngyre, zinzibrum, Voc.; ginger, zinziber, zinzebrum, Cath.; gyngere, Prompt.—OF. gingenbre, gengibre; Lat. zingibrum, acc. of zingiber; Gr. ζιγγίβερις.

Ginnen, v. to begin, S; gynne, S, PP, S3; gan, pt. s., began, S, S2; gon, PP; gonne, pl., S2; gan, pt. s. (used as an auxiliary), did, S, S2, S3; gon, S, PP, S2; gun, S2; gunnen, pl., S; gunne, S, PP; gonne, S, PP, S2, C2, G.—AS. -ginnan, pt. -gan (pl. -gunnon), pp. -gunnen.

Gipe, sb. cassock, CM; jub, Florio.—OF. juppe (Cotg.) It. giuppa, giubba (Florio), Sp. al-juba (Minsheu); Arab. al-jubbah, a woollen undergarment; cp. MHG. schube, G. schaube (Weigand).

Gipoun, sb. a short cassock, CM; gypoun, C; gepoun, C; jupon, HD; joupone, HD.—OF. gippon, jupon (Cotg.), It. giubbone, a doublet (Florio.). See above.

Gipser, sb. pouch, purse, C; gypcer, Prompt.; gypsere, Prompt.; gypcyere, Prompt.—OF. gibbeciere (Cotg.), from gibier, game.

Girdel, sb. girdle, C, C2; gurdel, S.—AS. gyrdel.

Girden, v. to gird, cingere, MD; gurden, MD; girde, 2 pt. s., S2; gyrte, pt. s., S; i-gurd, pp., S, S2; gird, C, W2; gert, S2.—AS. gyrdan.

Girden, v. to strike, CM, HD, C2, G; gurdeþ, imp. pl., S2; girt, pt. s., cast, PP; gerte, G; gorde, pt. pl., rushed, S2; girt, pp., SkD (s.v. gride), C. See Ȝerd.

Gisel, sb. hostage, MD; gysles, pl., S; ȝisles, MD; ȝislen, dat., MD.—AS. gísel; cp. Icel. gísl.

Gist, sb. guest; see Gest.

Giste, sb. a beam, balk, joist, MD; gyyste, Prompt.; gyst, Palsg.; gistes, pl., MD; joystes, SkD.—OF. giste, joist, something to lie on. See Joist.

Gistninge, sb. banquet, S; see Gestninge.

Giterne, sb. guitar, C3, PP, MD, CM; gyterne, PP, Prompt.; geterne, MD; getyrne, Voc.—OF. guiterne; cp. It. chitarra; Lat. cithara. See Citole.

Giuenesse, sb. forgiveness, S.—AS. gifnes, grace.

Glad, pt. s. glided, MD; glade, S2; glaid, S3; see Gliden.

Glad, adj. glad, S, S2; gled, S; glaid, S3; gladur, comp., S; gladdore, S2.—AS. glæd.

Gladien, v. to make glad, make merry, S; gladen, S, C2; glade, S3; glaid, S3; gleadien, S; gledien, S, S2; gladed, pt. s., S2.—AS. gladian.

Gladliche, adv. gladly, PP; gledliche, S.

Gladnesse, sb. gladness, MD; glednesse, S.

Gladschipe, sb. gladness, MD; gledschipe, S; gledscipe, S; gleadschipes, pl., S.

Gladsom, adj. pleasant, C2.

Gladynge, sb. gladness, MD; gleadunge, S.

Glam, sb. word, message, S2; loud talk, noise, MD.—Icel. glam, a tinkling sound.

Glaren, v. to shine brightly, S, SkD.

Glas, sb. glass, S, C2.—AS. glæs.

Glasen, adj. made of glass, PP.

Glasen, v. to furnish with glass, PP.

Glað, adj. glad, MD; glaðe, S.—Icel. glaðr.

Glaue, sb. sword, S3; see Gleyue.

Glayre, sb. the white of an egg, Cath.; see Gleyre.

Gle, sb. joy, glee, music, singing, S, S2, PP; glee, C2; glie, S; gleu, C2 (n). MD; glew, MD, S3; glu, Prompt.; gleo, S; glewis, pl., freaks, S3.—AS. gléo, stem gliwo-, see Sievers, 250.

Gleaw, adj. wise, S; gleu, S.—AS. glíaw.

Gled, adj. glad; see Glad.

Glede, sb. a kite, milvus, H (Ps. 62. 8), ND, WW, Voc.—AS. glida (Voc.).

Glede, sb. glowing coal, S, PP, S3, C2; gleede, C; gleden, pl., S; gledess, S.—AS. gléd: OS. glód (stem glódi); cp. OHG. gluot (dat. gluoti). See Glowen.

Gledien, v. to make merry, S, S2; see Gladien.

Gledliche, v. gladly, S.

Glednesse, sb. gladness, S.

Gledschipe, sb. gladness, S.

Gle-man, sb.; see Gleo-man.

Glenten, v. to glance, to move swiftly, MD; glente, pt. s., MD; glent, S3, HD; shone, SkD (p. 808).—Swed. glinta, to glance aside (Rietz).

Gleo, sb. music, S; see Gle.

Gleo-beames, sb. pl. harps, S.

Gleo-dreames, sb. pl. joys of music, S.

Gleo-man, sb. minstrel, PP; glewman, PP; gleman, PP.

Gleowien, v. to make music, to make merry, MD.

Gleowinge, sb. music, S.

Glette, sb. phlegm, slimy matter in the throat, viscositas, filth, Cath. (n), S2; glett, Cath.; glet, H, Cath. (n).—OF. glette, ‘flegm, filth, which a hawk throws out at her beak after her casting,’ Cotg.; cp. North. E. glit, tough phlegm, JD.

Gleu, adj. wise, S; see Gleaw.

Glew, sb. joy, glee, S3; see Gle.

Glew, sb. glue, MD; see Glu.

Gleyme, sb. slime, limus, gluten, Prompt.; gleym, subtlety, S3; gleme, viscus, Prompt. (n).

Gleymows, adj. slimy, viscosus, Prompt.; glaymous, HD.

Gleyre, sb. the white of an egg, C3, Prompt., Cath. (n); glayre, Cath.; glarye, Manip.—OF. glaire, the white of an egg (Cotg.); Low Lat. glara (Voc.); Late Lat. clara ovi (Ducange); cp. Sp. clara de huevo, also It. chiára (Florio).

Gleyue, sb. sword, CM; glayue, SkD; glave, S3, ND; gleiue, SkD; gleave, Cotg., ND.—OF., glaive; Lat. gladium (acc.)—for the v in glaive, see Brachet (s.v. corvée).

Gliden, v. to glide, S; glyde, C2, C3; glydande, pr. p., walking, S2; glit, pr. s., MD; glad, pt. s., MD; glade, S2; glaid, S3; glod, MD, S2; glood, C2; glode, MD; gliden, pl., MD; gliden, pp., MD.—AS. glídan, pt. glád (glidon), pp. gliden.

Glie, sb. music, S; see Gle.

Gliffen, v. to glance, spectare; gliffe, to look back, Manip.; gliff, to be scared, JD; glyfte, pt. s., MD.

Gliffni, v. to glance; gliffnyt, pt. s., S2.

Glod, pt. s. glided, S2, MD; glode, MD; glood, C2; see Gliden.

Glommen, v. to look glum, to frown, MD; glomben, MD; glowmbe, CM; glum, S3; gloom, ND; gloume, Manip.; glommede, pt. s., HD.—Swed. glomma, to stare (Rietz).

Glopen, v. to look askance, MD; glop, to stare, HD; gloppen, to be startled, HD. Cp. Du. gluipen, to peep, sneak.

Glopnen, v. to look downcast, MD; glopnid, pp., frightened, S2.—Icel. glúpna.

Glorie, sb. glory, PP; glore, S3.—AF. glorie; Lat. gloria.

Glose, sb. a gloss, comment, explanation, PP, Prompt., C2; glosis, pl., S3.—OF. glose; Lat. glossa, a gloss; Gr. γλῶσσα.

Glosen, v. to explain, flatter, deceive, PP, Prompt., S3, C2, C3; glosed, pt. s., spoke smoothly, S2; y-glosed, pp., C3.—OF. gloser, to gloss, expound; Late Lat. glosare. See above.

Glosynge, sb. an expounding, Prompt.; flattering, Prompt.; glosing, flattery, W.

Glotonie, sb. gluttony, S2, Prompt.; glotonyes, pl., C3.—OF. glotonie.

Glotori, sb. gluttony, H; glutiry, H; glutrie, MD.

Glotoun, sb. glutton, S, PP, W2; gluton, S.—AF. glutun; Lat. glutonem.

Gloume, v., see Glommen.

Glowen, v. to glow, PP, Prompt., C; glouand, pr. p., S2; glowennde, S.—Cp. OHG. gluojan.

Glu, sb. glue, Prompt.; glew, MD.—OF. glu; Lat. gluten.

Gluen, v. to glue, MD; y-glewed, pp., C2.

Glum, v. to look gloomy, S3; see Glommen.

Glutenerie, sb. gluttony, S.—AF. glutunerie.

Gluton, sb. glutton, S; see Glotoun.

Glutrie, sb. gluttony, MD; see Glotori.

Gnar, v. to snarl, S3; gnarre, ND. Cp. gnarl, to snarl, Sh.

Gnasten, v. to gnash the teeth, Prompt., Palsg., W2, H; gnayste, H; gnashe, Manip.; gnastiden, pt. pl., W, W2; gnaistid, H.—Cp. Icel. gnastan, a gnashing.

Gnawen, v. to gnaw, PP; gnaghe, H; gneȝeð, pr. pl., S; gnow, pt. s., C2; gnew, SkD; gnawiden, pt. pl., W2; knawen, pp., S3.—AS. gnagan, pt. gnóh (pl. gnógon), pp. gnagen.

Gniden, v. to rub, SD, S2; gnyde, S; gniden, pt. pl., MD.—AS. gnídan (Voc.).

Gobelin, sb. goblin, demon; gobelyn, W2, MD; goblin, Sh.—OF. gobelin; cp. Low Lat. gobelinum (acc.).

Gobet, sb. a small piece, Prompt., C, W; gobbet, Manip.; gobetis, pl., S2, W.—Norm.F. gobet, see Diez, p. 599; cp. OF. gobeau, a bit, gobbet (Cotg.).

God, adj. good, S, S2. Phr.: to goder hele, to the good health of, S2, MD; goderhele, MD; godder-hele, HD. See Good.

God, sb. God, S; godd, S; gode, dat., S; godes, gen., S; pl., S; goden, S.—AS. God.

God-child, sb. godchild, S.

Godcund, adj. divine, godly, MD.

Godcundhede, sb. piety, MD.

Godcundnesse, sb. divinity, S; godcunnesse, S.

Goddcundleȝȝc, sb. divinity, S.

Goddot, God knows, S; goddoth, S.—AS. God wát.

Godhede, sb. deity, C.

Godien, v. to endow; goded, pt. s., S; i-goded, pp., benefited, S.—AS. gódian.

Godlec, sb. goodness, S, MD.—Cp. Icel. góðleiki.

Godles, adj. without good, needy, S2, MD; godelease, S.—AS. gódléas.

Godly, adv. kindly, S2; goddeli, S2; gudely, S3.—AS. gódlice.

Godnesse, sb. goodness, S; godnisse, S, S2; godenesse, S2.

God-spel, sb. gospel, S; god-spell, S3; gospel, MD.—AS. godspel.

Godspelboc, sb. gospel-book, S.

Gogelen, v. to goggle, MD.

Gogil-iȝed, adj. squint-eyed, W; gogyl-eyid, Prompt.; goggle-eyed, louche (Palsg.).

Gold, sb. gold, S; gol, S; gulde, dat., S.—AS. gold; cp. Icel. gull.

Gold-beten, pp. adorned with beaten gold, S3.

Golde, sb. marigold, souci, Palsg.; goolde, solsequium, Prompt.; guldes, pl., C.—Cp. OF. goude (Cotg.)

Gold-spynk, sb. goldfinch, S3.

Gole, sb. throat, SD, HD; golle, HD.—OF. gole, goule, gule; Lat. gula.

Golet, sb. gullet, C3, Prompt., HD.—OF. goulet.

Goliardeys, sb. buffoon, MD, PP; golyardeys, C.—OF. goliardeis (goliardois); Low Lat. goliardensis.

Golnesse, sb. lasciviousness, S; see Galnesse.

Gome, sb. a man, PP, S, S2; gomes, gen., S2; gumen, pl., S.—AS. guma (stem guman-); cp. Lat. homo (stem homin-).

Gome, sb. care, PP; gom, MD.—OS. góma, care; cp. OHG. gouma, provision, supper (Tatian).

Gomen, sb. play, S; gome, S; see Gamen.

Gomme, sb. gum, CM; gumme, Cath.; gommes, pl., P.—OF. gomme; Lat. gummi; Gr. κόμμι.

Gon, v. to go, S, S2, C2; gonde, pr. p., S; goon, pp., C2; see Gan.

Gone, v. to gape, S2; see Ganien.

Gonge, 2 pr. s. subj. go, S; see Gangen.

Gonne, sb. gun, PP, CM; gunne, Cath., Prompt.; gon, S3.—Cp. Low Lat. gunna.

Good, adj. good, MD; god, S, S2; godd, S2; goud, MD; guod, MD; gud, MD.—AS. gód.

Good, sb. good, MD; goud, S2; gud, S3; god, S, S2; godes, pl., S, S2; guodes, S2.—AS. gód.

Goodman, sb. master of the house, C3.

Goot, sb. goat, Prompt., C3; gayte, S3; gat, S; gæt, pl., S; gate, S, S3; geet, W2; geete, W2; gaite, H; gaytes, H; gayte, H.—AS. gát.

Gorde, pt. pl. rushed, S2; see Girden.

Gore, sb. a triangular piece of cloth inserted, HD; gremiale, apron, Manip.; goore, Prompt.; gair, JD. Phr.: under gore, under clothing, S2, HD.—Cp. AS. gára, an angular point of land.

Gore, sb. mire, Prompt., HD; filth, S2.—AS. gor (Voc.).

Gorge, sb. throat, Manip., PP.—OF. gorge; Lat. gurgitem (acc.); see Ducange.

Gorget, sb. throat, piece of armour to protect the throat, SkD; ‘torques,’ Manip.; garget, C; gargate, HD.—OF. gorgette, throat, also gargaite, (Roland, 1654).

Gorst, sb. gorse, furze, Voc., MD; gorstez, pl., S2; gorstys tre, Prompt.—AS. gorst.

Gos, sb. goose, S3; goos, MD; gees, pl., S; gysse, S3.—AS. gós.

Gos-hawke, sb. goshawk, Prompt., Voc.; gos-hauk, C2.—AS. gós-hafuc (Voc.).

Gosse, sb. in phr.: by gosse (a profane oath), S3.

Gossib, sb. sponsor, PP, CM; godsyb, friend, PP.—AS. god-sibb.

Gossomer, sb. gossamer, Prompt., C2; gossummer, Voc.; gosesomere, Voc.

Gost, sb. spirit, mind, soul, life, ghost, PP, S, S2, C3; goost, C2, PP; gast, S, S2; gostes, pl., S2; gostus, PP; gastes, S2.—AS. gást.

Gostliche, adj. spiritual, S; gostly, S3, C3; goostliche, PP; gastlike, S; gastelich, S; gasteli, adv., S2.

Gote, sb. water-channel, Prompt., HD; goote, Prompt.; gotez, pl., S2.—Cp. Low G. gote, Du. goot.

Gotere, sb. gutter, water-channel, Prompt.; goteris, pl., drops, stillicidia, rain falling drop by drop, W2; goters, HD.—OF. goutiere, gutter, from gote, a drop; Lat. gutta.

Goulen, v. to howl, cry, S, S2; gowland, pr. p., S3; see Ȝoulen.

Goules, sb. pl. the heraldic name for red, gules, SkD; gowlis, HD; gowlys, S3, HD.—AF. goules; Late Lat. gulas acc. pl. of gula, ‘pellis rubricata’ (Ducange).

Goune, sb. gown, PP, C; gowne, PP; gunes, pl., MD.—AF. goune, OF. gone.

Goune-cloth, sb. cloth enough to make a gown, CM.

Gourde, sb. gourd, C3, H; goord, Prompt.; gowrdes, pl., S2.—OF. gourde, gouhourde, cougourde; Lat. cucurbita.

Gouernaille, sb. management, C2; gouernaile, rudder, W; gouernails, pl., W2.—OF. gouvernail, rudder; Lat. gubernaculum.

Gouernance, sb. government, behaviour, PP, C2, C3; gouernaunce, C, C2, C3; gouernauncis, pl., rules for conduct, customs, S3.

Gouerne, v. to govern, PP, C2.—AF. governer; Lat. gubernare.

Gouernour, sb. governor, C2; steersman, W, W2.—OF. gouverneur; Lat. gubernatorem (acc.).

Gradde, pt. s., S, S2, PP; see Greden.

Gradi, adj. greedy, S; see Gredy.

Graffe, sb. a slip, young shoot, PP, Prompt.; graff, Cotg.—Late Lat. graphium, a stile (Gr. γραφεῖον); hence Low Lat. graffiolum, a graft, sucker; cp. OF. greffe.

Graffen, v. to graft, PP; graffid, pp., W.

Graith, adj. exact, direct, S2, PP; see Greith.

Graith, sb. preparation, PP.

Graithen, v. to prepare, H; grathis, pr. s., dresses, S3. See Greiðen.

Graithly, adv. readily, PP; gratheli, S2; see Greiðliche.

Gramcund, adj. angry, S.

Grame, sb. vexation, anger, S, HD, C3; grome, S; gram, S2; greme, S2.—AS. grama; cp. Icel. gramr, wrath.

Gramercy; see Graunt.

Gramien, v. to vex, to be angry, MD; grame, PP, S; gromien, MD.—AS. gramian; cp. Goth. gramjan. See Gremien.

Granand, pr. p. groaning, S2; see Gronen.

Granat, sb. a garnet; see Garnet.

Granyt, pp. dyed in grain, S3; grained, Sh. See Greyne.

Grape, v. to handle, palpare, H; see Gropien.

Grapers, sb. pl. grappling-irons, S3.

Gras, sb. grass, S, PP, C2; gres, S, Prompt.; gresse, Prompt., S2; grases, pl., 82; greses, S2; gyrss, S3.—AS. græs: Goth. gras.

Grathis, pr. s. dresses, S3; see Graithen.

Graunt, adj. great, PP. Phr.: graunt-mercy, many thanks, C2, C3, PP; gramercy, PP, Sh.; gramercies, pl., S3.—AF. grant, OF. grand; Lat. grandem.

Grauntye, v. to grant, give, agree, allow, PP; grawntyn, Prompt., C2; graunte, PP; granti, S, S2; graunti, 1 pr. s., S; grante, imp. s., S; y-graunted, pp., C3, P; i-granted, S2.—AF. gräanter (graunter, granter); OF. crëanter; Late Lat. credentare, from Lat. credentem, pr. p. of credere.

Grauen, v. to bury, S, PP, C2, H; to engrave, PP; grof, pt. s., H; grauen, pp., buried, S, PP, G, H; i-grauen, engraved, S; i-graue, S, G; graue, PP.—AS. grafan, to dig, pt. gróf, pp. grafen.

Grauynge, sb. engraving, S2, P; burying, H.

Gravys, pl. groves, S3; see Groue.

Gray, adj. gray, PP, MD; grey, PP; greye, sb. gray clothing, PP; grai, gray fur, S; grey, S; badger, S3; gray, HD; badger’s skin, HD.—AS. græg.

Gre, sb. step, degree, S3, PP, MD; worthiness, gradus, Prompt.; gree, HD; grees, pl., W, MD, HD; greis, H.—OF. gre; Lat. gradum (acc.).

Grece, sb. stair, MD, Prompt., Cath., Palsg.; greece, Manip.; grese, MD, HD; greese, Cotg. (s.v. degré), HD; grize, Sh.; greces, pl., W2; grises, Prompt. (n).—From grees, steps, a flight of steps, pl. of Gre (above).

Greden, v. to cry aloud, S, PP, S2; gradde, pt. s., S, PP, 82; gredde, PP.—AS. grǽdan, pt. grǽdde.

Gredinge, sb. crying, MD; gredynges, pl., S2.

Gredy, adj. greedy, PP; gradi, S; gredi, S.—AS. grǽdig; cp. Icel. gráðugr.

Gree, sb. favour, S2, C2, C3; prize, PP, C. Phr.: take in gre, agree to, S3.—OF. gre, gred, gret, pleasure, recompense; Lat. gratum, pleasing.

Gree, v. to agree, HD; greeing, pr. p., S3.—OF. gréer, to agree, to accept; Late Lat. gratare (for Lat. gratari).

Greesings, sb. pl. steps, HD. See Grece.

Gref, sb. grief, MD; greeue, dat., G.—OF. gref, from Lat. gravem, heavy.

Gre-hounde; see Greyhownd.

Greit, sb. grit, S3; see Greot.

Greith, adj. ready, PP; graith, exact, direct, PP, S2; grayþ, PP; grayþest, superl., PP, S2; graith, adv., S3.—Icel. greiðr, ready: Goth. ga-raids, exact.

Greiðen, v. to prepare, SD; graithe, H, HD; grathis, pr. s., dresses, S3; graithed, pt. s., S2; greythede, S; greithide, S2; greithede, pl., S2; greythed, pp., S; greȝȝþedd, S; greþþed, S; graythed, HD, S2; i-greiðet, S; y-greiðed, S3; graid, H.—Icel. greiða.

Greiðliche, adv. readily, PP; graithly, PP, HD; graythely, S2; gratheli, S2.

Gremien, v. to vex, to be angry, MD, S; greme, S; ȝe-gremed, pp., S.—AS. gremian. See Gramien.

Grene, sb. snare; see Grin.

Grene, adj. and sb. green, S, PP, S2, C2, C3; greyne, B.—AS. gréne: OS. gróni; cp. OHG. gruoni (Tatian).

Grenehede, sb. greenness, wantonness, S2, C3.

Grennen, v. to grin, show the teeth (as a dog), S, W; grennyn, Prompt.—AS. grennian.

Grennunge, sb. grinning, S; grennynge, Prompt.

Greot, sb. gravel, grit, PP; greit, S3; greete, Manip.; grith, PP.—AS. gréot.

Gres, sb. grass, S, Prompt. See Gras.

Gresy, adj. grassy, S3.

Gret, adj. great, S, S2, C2, PP; greet, C2; grete, Prompt., PP, S2, C2; grette, PP; greate, S; grate, S; gretture, comp. S; grettoure, PP; grettour, PP; gretter, C2; grettere, W2; grettest, superl., PP; grete, adv., S3.—AS. gréat.

Greten, v. to salute, S, PP, S2; gret, imp. s., S; greteth, pl., G; grette, pt. s., S, PP, S2, C2, C3, W; grette, pl., G; gretten, W; gret, pp., W.—AS. grétan, to approach (also ge-grétan), pt. grétte, pp. gréted: OS. grótian; cp. OHG. gruazen (Otfrid).

Greten, v. to weep, S, PP, H; greete, S3; gret, S2; groten, S; gretande, pr. p., HD; gretand, S2, S3, H; gret, pr. s., S; gret, pt. s., S, H; grete, HD; grete, pp., HD, S2.—AS. grǽtan (grétan), pt. grét (pl. gréton), pp. gréten: Icel. gráta.

Gretien, v. to magnify; i-gret, pp., S.—AS. gréatian.

Gretliche, adv. greatly, S, PP; gretly, S2; gretluker, comp., S.

Gret-wombede, adj. big-bellied, S3.

Gretyng, sb. lamentation, S2; gretynge, H.

Gretyngful, adj. sorrowful, H.

Greuaunce, sb. grievance, hurt, C2; grewance, S3; greuaunces, pl., PP.—OF. grevance.

Greue, sb. thicket, grove, MD; greues, pl., S2, CM, HD; grevis, S3.

Greuen, v. to grieve, PP, S, C2.—AF. grever, to burden; Lat. gravare.

Greuous, adj. grievous, PP; greuousere, comp., W2.

Greyce, adj. gray, S3. See Grys.

Grey-hownd, sb. greyhound, leporarius, Voc.; grayhund, Voc.; grayhownd, Voc.; grehunde, Voc.; grehownde, Prompt.; greahund, SkD; grehoundes, pl., S3; greahondes, S3; greihoundes, SkD.—Icel. greyhundr, greyhound; grey, a dog.

Greyn, sb. handle, branch, MD; grayn, MD; grayne, WA.—Icel. grein.

Greyn, sb. grain of corn, a kind of spice, MD, PP, CM; greyne, Prompt.; greyn de Parys, CM.—AF. grein, grain; Lat. granum.

Greyne, sb. colour, dye, PP, MD; greyn, S3, C2; grayn, C2.—AF. graine; Late Lat. grana, cochineal dye (Ducange).

Greyn-horne, sb. Greenhorn, the name of an ox in the Towneley Mysteries, HD.

Griffoun, sb. griffin, C, S2; gryffown, Prompt.—OF. griffon, a gripe (Cotg.).

Gril, adj. horrible, rough, fierce, MD; gryl, S2, Prompt.—Cp. MHG. grel, angry.

Grillen, v. to vex, MD; grulde, pt. s., twanged, S; i-gruld, pp., provoked, SD.—AS. grillan.

Grim, adj. fierce, S; grym, heavy, PP, S2, C; grimme, pl., horrible, S.—AS. grim.

Grimlich, adj. horrible, S; grimlych, S; grimliche, adv. terribly, S, PP; grymly, sharply, PP.

Grin, sb. snare, noose, S, Voc.; gryn, W; grene, laqueus, MD, Voc.; grune, MD; grone, MD; grane, MD.—AS. grin.

Grinden, v. to grind, MD; y-grounde, pp., C2; grundyn, S3; grounden, C3.—AS. grindan, pt. grand (pl. grundon), pp. grunden.

Grindere, sb. grinder; grynderis, pl., W2.

Grip, sb. vulture, S; grype, Voc., Prompt.—Icel. gripr.

Gripen, v. to grip, S, PP, H; grap, pt. s., MD; grop, MD; gripen, pl., MD; grepen, MD; gripen, pp., MD; grypen, PP; griped, PP.—AS. grípan, pt. gráp (pl. gripon), pp. gripen.

Gris, sb. a young pig, PP; grise, Cath.; gryse, Voc.; gryce, Prompt.; grys, pl., MD, S2, PP.—Icel. gríss.

Grisen, v. to shudder, S2; gryse, to be frightened, HD; him gros, pt. s. reflex., S.—AS. grísan, pt. grós (pl. grison), pp. grisen.

Grislich, adj. horrible, S, S2; grislic, S; grysliche, S, PP; grisli, S2; grisly, C2, C3; grisliche, adv., S; grieslie, S3.—AS. grislic.

Grist, sb. ground corn, SkD.—AS. grist, from grindan; for loss of n before s see Sievers, 185.

Grist-batinge, sb. grinding of the teeth, MD; grisbayting, MD; gris-bitting, S2.

Grith, sb. peace, S; griðe, dat., S.—Icel. grið, domicile, place of safety, peace; hence grið in the Chron.

Grið-bruche, sb. breach of the peace, S.

Griðful, adj. peaceful, MD.

Griðfulnesse, sb. peacefulness, S.

Grocchen, v. to grudge, grumble, S2, S3. See Grucchen.

Grof, pt. s. dug, buried, H. See Grauen.

Grof, adv. flat on one’s face, CT (951); gruf, MD, C2, C.—Cp. Icel. liggja á grúfu, to lie on one’s face.

Groflinges, adv. groveling, MD; grouelings, S2; grouelynge, supinus, Prompt.; grufelynge, Cath. See above.

Grom, sb. lad, servant, PP, grome, PP, S (n); gromes, pl., S, PP.—Cp. ODu. grom, stripling.

Grome, sb. vexation, anger, S. See Grame.

Gronen, v. to groan, PP, CM, Prompt.; grony, S2; graninde, pr. p., S; granand, S2; gronte, pt. s., C2.—AS. gránian.

Grop, pt. s.; see Gripen.

Gropien, v. to seize, handle, MD; gropyn, Prompt.; grope, C, C3; grape, palpare, H, Manip.—AS. grápian, from grípan. See Gripen.

Gros, pt. s. reflex. was afraid, S. See Grisen.

Grot, sb. weeping, S, MD. See Greten.

Grot, sb. atom, MD; grotes, pl., S.—AS. grot, particle.

Grote, sb. groat, C3, PP; grotte, S3.—OLG. grote, a coin of Bremen; cp. Du. groot, great. Cf. Gret.

Groten, v. to weep, S, MD; see Greten.

Ground, sb. ground, foundation, bottom (of water), MD; grund, S; grounde, PP; gronde, dat., S2; groundes, pl. foundations, S2. Phr.: to grounde com, came to the ground, i.e. was ruined, S2.—AS. grund.

Grounden, v. to found; grownden, Prompt.; groundes, 2 pr. s., S2; grounded, pp., S2.

Groue, sb. a little wood, Prompt., MD; gravys, pl., S3.—AS. gráf.

Grouelings, adv. flat on one’s face, S2; see Groflinges.

Groyn, sb. the snout of a pig, CM; groyne, Prompt.; groon, Manip.; grune, Cath.—OF. groing, groin.

Groynen, v. to grunt, to murmur, W; groignen, MD.—OF. groigner, grogner.

Groynyng, sb. murmuring, discontent, C.

Grucchen, v. to grudge, grumble, PP, S2, C, C2; grocching, pr. p., S2; grocched, pt. s., S3; grutchiden, pt. pl., W, W2.—OF. groucher, groucer, grocer.

Grucching, sb. grumbling, S; grucchyng, G; grutchyng, W.

Gruf, adv. flat on one’s face, MD, C, C2. Phr. a gruf, MD; on groufe, MD; one the groffe, MD. See Grof.

Grulde, pt. s., twanged, S; see Grillen.

Grund, sb. ground, bottom of a well, S; see Ground.

Grundlike, adv. thoroughly, heartily, MD, S. See above.

Grunten, v. to grunt, MD; gryntiden, pt. pl., MD. Cp. OHG. grunzen.

Gruntyng, sb. grunting, gnashing, W; grynting, W; grentyng, W.

Grure, sb. horror, MD.—AS. gryre; OS. gruri.

Grure-ful, adj. horrible, S.

Gruselien, v. to munch, S.

Grusen, v. to munch, MD; gryze, HD; gruse, JD.

Grys, sb. a costly fur, the fur of the grey squirrel, C, S2, PP, HD; grey, C3; gryce, Prompt.; greys, PP; greyce, S3.—OF. gris, gray.

Gu, you, S; see Eow.

The form Eow does not occur in the Dictionary. The entry Ȝou gives the AS. root éow.

Guerdon, sb. reward, S3, CM; guerdone, S3, CM.—AF. guerdon: It. guidardone; Low Lat. widerdonum (Ducange).

Guerdonen, v. to reward, CM.—OF. guerredoner (Bartsch).

Guerdonlesse, adj. without reward, CM.

Guerdonyng, sb. reward, CM.

Gukgo, sb. cuckoo, S3; see Cukkow.

Gulche-cuppe, sb. a toss-cup, S.

Gulchen, v. to gulp, swallow greedily, MD.

Gulde, sb. dat. gold, S; see Gold.

Gulde, sb. marigold, C; see Golde.

Gulden, adj. golden. S, MD; gilden, S2, MD.—AS. gylden.

Gult, sb. guilt, S, S2, C, PP; gylt, C; gilt, S, PP; gylte, PP; gilte, PP; gultes, pl. faults, S, PP; gultus, S2.—AS. gylt.

Gulten, v. to sin, S; gilte, pt. s., S; gulte, pl., PP; i-gult, pp., S.—AS. gyltan.

Gulty, adj. guilty, C, PP; gylty, PP; gilty, PP; gelty, S.—AS. gyltig.

Gultyf, adj. guilty, G; giltyf, G, HD.

Gumen, pl. men, S; see Gome.

Gumme, sb. gum; see Gomme.

Gunge, adj. young, S; gungest, superl., youngest, S; gunkeste, S; see Ȝong.

Gunnen, pt. pl. began, did; see Ginnen.

Gur, your, S; see Ȝe.

Gurdel, sb. girdle, S; see Girdel.

Gurden, v. to strike, MD; gurdeþ, imp. pl., S2; see Girden.

Gurles, sb. pl. children (of either sex), C, PP; gerles, PP. Phr.: knave gerlys, boys, HD. Cf. Gyrle.

Guðhede, sb. youth, S; see Ȝouthede.

Gyde, sb. clothing, C3, MD; gide, MD, JD.

Gyde, sb. guide, C3.

Gyden, v. to guide, C2, C3, Palsg.—OF. guider.

Gyen, v. to guide, direct, PP, Prompt.; gye, S3, C2, C3; gie, PP; gyede, pt. s., PP, S2.—OF. guïer, guider.

Gylofre, sb. gillyflower, S2 (s.v. clowe); see Gerraflour.

Gylt, adj. gilt, PP; gulte, PP; gilte, PP, C2.

Gylt, v. to gild, S3.

Gymp, adj. slim, delicate, short, scanty, S3; gimp, JD; neat, HD; jimp, HD, DG; gym, trim, spruce, S3; gim, DG; jim, DG; jemmy, DG.

Gyrle, sb. a child, generally a girl, but also used of a boy, MD; gerles, pl., MD; girles, MD. Cf. Gurles.

Gryrss, sb. grass; see Gras.

Gyse, sb. guise, manner, C, PP, Prompt.; gise, C, S3; gyss, S3.—AF. guise. See Wyse.

Gysse, sb. pl. geese, S3; see Gos.

H.

Ha, pron. he, S, S2. See He.

Habben, Habe; see Hauen.

Haberdasher, sb. a seller of small wares, C, SkD (p. 809).

Haberdashrie, sb. haberdashery, SkD.

Haberioun, sb. habergeon, a piece of armour to defend the neck and breast, PP; haburioun, W, W2; hawbyrgon, Voc.; haburjon, S2; habergeoun, C2; haberion, PP.—OF. hauberjon from hauberc. See Hauberk.

Habide, v. to abide, resist, S2; see A-biden.

Habilitie, sb. ability, S3. See Abilite.

Hable, adj. able, S3, MD. See Abil.

Haboundanle, adv. abundantly, S3. See Habundantly.

Habounde, v. to abound, NED, S3, C2; see Habunde.

Habundance, sb. abundance, C2.

Habundant, adj. abundant, C2.

Habundantly, adv. abundantly, C3.

Habunde, v. to abound, NED.—OF. habonder, abunder; Lat. abundare.

Hac, conj. but, S; see Ac.

Hacche, sb. hatch, PP; hach, hatch of a ship, S2.—Cp. Dan. hække.

Had, sb. state, order, rank, person (of Christ), S; pl. ranks (of angels), S.—AS. hád; cp. OHG. heit.

Hæ-; see under He-.

Hæhst, highest; see Heighest.

Hæleð, sb. warrior; see Heleð.

Hæne, adj. pl. poor, S. See Heyne.

Hærre, sb. lord, S. See Herre.

Hæȝe, adv. highly, S; see Heighe.

Haf, Hafst, Hafð; see Hauen.

Hafed, sb. head, S. See Heued.

Hafed-men, sb. pl. prelates, S.

Hage-faderen; see Heh-fader.

Hagge, sb. a hag, P; hegge, MD.

Hagt, sb. (?), S.

Dr. F. Holthausen suggests that this word means ‘danger, peril,’ comparing this ME. hagt with Icel. hætta which has the same meaning. Kluge connects this hætta with Gothic hāhan, to hang, so that it may mean radically ‘a state of being in suspense.’ The word must have come into England in the form *haht, before the assimilation of ht to tt.

Hah, adj. high, S; see Heigh.

Hail, sb. hail, PP; heal, S3; haille, PP; hayle, PP.—AS. hagol.

Hail, adj. hale, whole, sound, S; hæil, S; heil, S. Cf. Hool.

Haile, adv. wholly, S3; haill, S3.

Hailen, v. to greet, Cath., MD; heilen, MD, S2.

Hailsen, v. to greet, to say ‘hail,’ MD, Cath., P, S3; haylsen, S3; halsen, S2, S3.—Icel. heilsa; cp. AS. hálsian, to greet, see Sievers, 411.

Hailsinge, sb. salutation, Cath.; halsing, S2.

Hailsum, adj. wholesome, S3.

Hakeney, sb. horse, nag, C3, PP; equillus, Voc.; mannus, Voc.—AF. hakenai, hakeney.

Hakeney-man, sb. one who lets out horses, P; equiferus, Voc.; hakneyman, Voc.

Hal, sb. a secret place, MD; hale, dat., S.

Hal, adj. all, S2; see Al.

Halde, pt. s. inclined, S. See Helden.

Halely, adv. wholly, S2; haly, S2. See Hail.

Halen, v. to hale, drag, S, S2, S3, Prompt.; halie, PP.—OS. halón; cp. OFris. halia; from Teutonic comes OF. haler.

Halende, sb. the Saviour, S; see Helende.

Halewen, v. to hallow, consecrate, S2, W2, PP; halwen, S2, S3, PP, C3; haliȝen, S; halȝed, pt. s., S2; y-halȝed, S2.—AS. hálgian. See Holi.

Halewis, sb. pl. saints, W; halechen, S; see Halwes.

Half, sb. side, S, S2; hælf, S; halue, dat., S; pl., S; halues, G. Phr.: o Godess hallfe, on God’s behalf, S.—AS. healf.

Halflingis, adv. half, S3.

Halfpeny, sb. halfpeny, MD; halpens, pl., W.

Hali, adj. holy, S, S2. See Holi.

Halidom, sb. a holy thing, holy relics, S, P; halydom, S2; haliȝdomess, pl., S.—AS. háligdóm.

Hali-write, sb. holy writ, S.

Haliȝen, v. to hallow, S; see Halewen.

Halke, sb. corner, recess, S, Prompt., MD; halkes, pl., C3; halkeȝ, S2.

Halle, sb. hall, Cath., S, C2; hallen, dat., S.—AS. heall.

Halp, pt. s.; see Helpen.

Hals, sb. neck, S, S2, C2, C3.—AS. heals; cp. Icel. háls.

Halsien, v. to embrace, MD; halsen, Cath., Prompt.; hals, H.—AS. healsian; cp. Icel. hálsa.

Halsien, v. to beseech, conjure, MD; halsen, S2, C2.

Hals-man, sb. executioner, HD.

Halsynge, sb. embrace, Cath.

Halt, adj. lame, MD.

Halten, v. to walk as lame, MD; halted, pt. pl., S2.—AS. healtian.

Haluen-del, sb. the half, S, G; haluendele, PP.

Halwes, sb. pl. saints, C3; halewis, W; halhes, S; halechen, S; haleȝen, dat., S; halȝen, S2; halhen, S; halege, sb., saint, S; halgh, S2. See Holi.

Halȝed, pt. s.; see Halewen.

Ham, them, S, S2; see Hem.

Ham, sb. home, S. See Hoom.

Ham, 1 pr. s. am, S; see Am.

Hamer, sb. hammer, C, C3.—AS. hamor.

Hamly, adv. familiarly, heartily, H. See Homliche.

Hamlynes, sb. intimacy, H. See Homlinesse.

Hand, sb. hand, MD; hond, S, S2, C2; hoond, W, W2; honde, dat., S, S2, C3; hand, pl., S; bend, S, S2; hende, S2; honde, S; honden, S, S2; handes, S; hondes, S, S3, C2, C3, P.—AS. hand (hond).

Hand-ful, sb. sheaf, S, MD.

Handidandi, sb. forfeit, P; handiedandie, HD.

Handlen, v. to handle, S, C2.

Hangen, v. (strong), to hang; (1) tr., MD; heng, pt. s.; C2; hengen, pl., S; heengen, S2; hongen, pp., MD; (2) intr. heng, pt. s., C3, MD; hyng, S2, MD; hing, MD; hong, S3, MD; hynge, C.—AS. hange, 1 pr. s., héng, pt. s., hangen, pp.

Hangen, v. (weak) to hang; (1) intr., MD; hengen, S, MD; hongen, S, S2, S3; hongien, MD; hingen, S2; hing, MD; hyng, S2, S3, H; henged, pt. s., MD, S; honged, pl., S3, G; hangiden, W; henged, pp., S; (2) tr. hongede, pt. s., S2; hongide, W; hangede, MD; hanged, pp., P; y-honged, S2.—AS. hangian.

Hanselle, sb. handsel, earnest-money on a purchase, a gift, PP, Cath.; hansale, strena, Prompt.; haunsel, MD; hansel, P, HD.—Icel. handsal, the confirming of a bargain by shaking hands.

Hansellen, v. to handsel, to betroth, MD, Cath., Palsg.; i-hondsald, pp., S.—Icel. handsala.

Hap, sb. chance, fortune, C2, C3, PP; happe, S2, W; happes, pl., P.—Icel. happ.

Happen, v. to hap, chance, P, S2, C2, C3; hapte, pt. s., MD.

Happiliche, adv. perchance, P; happily, P.

Happy, adj. lucky, S3.

Happyn, v. to wrap up, Prompt., MD; hap, JD; happis, pr. s., S3; happid, pt. s., HD; happid, pp., H.

Happynge, sb. wrapping, H.

Harborowe, v. to harbour; see Herberwe.

Harde, adj. hard, severe, disastrous, parsimonious, PP, C2; hard, S; harde, herdure, adj. comp., S; harde, adv., severely, S, S2; hard, with difficulty, W. Comb.: harde cloðes, sackcloth, S. Phr.: of hard, with difficulty, W, W2.—AS. heard.

Hardeliche, adv. bravely, S, S2; hardely, S3.

Harden, v. to make hard; y-harded, pp., C2.

Hardenen, v. to harden; harrdenesst, 2 pr. s., S.

Hardi, adj. hardy, S, W2; bold, daring, S2; hardy, C2, PP.—OF. hardi.

Hardiliche, adv. boldly, P; hardilike, S; hardily, C2; hardiloker, comp., PP.

Hardiment, sb. boldness, MD; hardyment, S2.

Hardinesse, sb. boldness, C2; hardynesse, W, PP.

Harding, sb. a hardening, C2.

Hares, pl. hairs, S2; haris, S3. See Here.

Harlot, sb. beggar, vagabond, ribald, buffoon, rascal, C, PP; herlot, acrobat, H; harlotte, MD; harlotes, pl., P; herlotis, H; adj. scoundrelly, S3.—OF. harlot, herlot, arlot.

Harlotrie, sb. tale-telling, jesting talk, ribaldry, buffoonery, P; harlatrye, jesting = Lat. scurrilitas (εὐτραπελία), W; harlotries, pl., C.

Harm, sb. harm, S; hærm, S; hearm, S; harem, S; hærme, dat., S; harme, S, C2; hermes, pl., damages, S; harmes, PP.—AS. hearm.

Harmen, v. to harm, S; hearmeð, pr. s., S; hermie, subj., S.—AS. hearmian.

Harne-panne, sb. the cranium, skull, Cath.; harnpanne, Voc.; harnpane, Voc.; hernepanne, HD.

Harnes, sb. pl. brains, Voc., Cath., HD; hærnes, S; hernes, S2.—Icel. hjarni, the brain; cp. Goth. hwairnei.

Harneys, sb. armour, C, PP, S3; herneys, C, PP.—OF. harneis.

Harneysed, pp. equipped, C.

Haro! interj., a cry for assistance raised in Normandy by any one wronged, HD; harow, PP; harrow, an exclamation of distress, C, C3, PP.—AF. harro! OF. haro, harol, Cotg., Palsg., p. 501, Bartsch.

Harre, sb. hinge, C, CM. See Herre.

Harryng, sb. growling like a dog, S2.

Harwen, v. to harrow, harry, ravage, PP, MD, CM; herwen, MD; herien, S2; harowen, PP, MD; hærȝien, S; herȝien, MD.—AS. hergian. See Here.

Hary, v. to drag violently, CM; harry, to drag, to vex, HD; haried, pp., C.—OF. harier, to harry, hurry, vex (Cotg.).

Has, sb. command, S; see Heste.

Hasard, sb. the game of hazard played with dice, C3, Voc.—OF. hasard, hasart.

Hasardour, sb. a dice-player, C3, Voc.; haserder, Voc.—AF. hasardour, OF. hasardeur.

Hasardrye, sb. gaming, playing at hazard, C3.

Hase, adj. hoarse, H. See Hoos.

Haske, sb. a wicker fish-basket, ND, S3.

Haspe, sb. a hasp, fastening of a door, Manip.; hespe, Prompt., Cath.—AS. hæpse (Voc.).

Haspen, v. to hasp, obserare, Manip.; hasped, pp., S2; y-hasped, P; i-haspet, S2.

Hast, sb. haste, PP.—Cp. OSwed. hast.

Hasten, v. to haste; hasteth, imp. pl., C3.

Hastif, adj. hasty, C2; hastyfe, S3.—OF. hastif.

Hastiliche, adv. quickly, S2; hasteliche, S; hastily, C2; hastly, S2: hestely, S3.

Hat, adj. hot, S; hatere, comp., S. See Hoot.

Hate, sb. heat, S; see Hete.

Haten (1), v. to bid, promise, call; hete, 1 pr. s., S2, C3; hote, S2; hicht, S2; hight, S3; hateð, pr. s., bids, S; hat, S; hot, S; hoot, S; hat, pl., S2; hæhte, pt. s., called, S; hehte, ordered, called, S; hihte, S2; hiht, S2; hiȝt, S2; het, ordered, promised, S, S2; hæhten, pl., S; hight, S2; hyghte, C2; hoteð, imp. pl., promise, S; heete, pr. s. subj., C; gehaten, pp., S; i-haten, S; i-hate, S; i-hote, S; y-oten, S; hoten, called, S, P; hotene, promised, S; hote, P; hette, S2; hight, S2; hyht, S2; hecht, S3; y-hyȝt, S2; y-hoten, PP; y-hote, PP; i-hote, S2.—AS. hátan, pt. héht, pp. háten.

Haten (2), v. to be called; hoten, S, MD; hote, C; hatte, MD; het, MD; hight, MD; hiȝt, 1 pr. s., S2; hyȝt, pr. s., S2; hat, P; hattest, 2 pr. s., S; hatte, 1 pr. s., am called, S; pr. s., S2; hatte, pt. s., was called, S, MD; hette, MD; hete, MD; highte, C2; hæhte, S; hehte, S; hecht, S3; hyghte, S2; hiht, S2; hyȝt, S2; het, S, S2; hat, S2.—AS. hátan, pr. and pt. hátte; cp. Goth. haitada, I am called, see Sievers, 367. The forms of AS. Hátan (1) are often used by confusion in the place of the old passive forms.

Hatere, sb. clothing, HD, PP, Prompt.; hater, PP; heater, S; hatren, pl., clothes, S2.—AS. hæteru, pl. garments, see Sievers, 290.

Haterynge, sb. dress, PP.

Hathel, sb. noble one, S2; see Athel.

Hatien, v. to become hot; hatte, pt. s., S; yhat, pp., S2.—AS. hátian. See Hoot.

Hatien, v. to hate, MD, S, S2; hatede, pt. s., C2.—AS. hatian.

Hatreden, sb. hatred, MD; hateredyn, H; hatredyn, H; hatrede, dat., S.

Hatterliche, adv. savagely, S; see Heterly.

Hauberk, sb. a coat of ringed mail, S2, C, C2.—OF. hauberc; OHG. halsberc, lit. neck-defence.

Hauk, sb. hawk, C2, PP, S2; hauec, S; havekes, gen., S; pl., S2; heauekes, S.

Hauke, v. to hawk, C2; hawkyd, pt. s., PP.

Haukynge, sb. hawking, P; an haukyng, on hawking, a-hawking, C2.

Haunt, sb. abode, C2; skill from practice, C; use, custom, PP.

Haunten, v. to frequent, practise, make use of, PP, C3, S3, S2, W, H; hant, S3, HD.—OF. hanter, to frequent.

Hauteyn, adj. loud, MD, C3; havteyn, haughty, H; howteyne, H (n).—OF. hautain, high.

Hauekes, gen. of Hauk.

Hauen, v. to have, S; habben, S, S2; abbe, S2; haben, S; habe, S; han, S2, C2; haue, C2, PP; haf, S2; aue, 1 pr. s., S; ha, pr. s. subj., S3; hafst, 2 pr. s., S; hafesst, S; hæfuest, S; hauest, S2; hest, S; hafð, pr. s., S; hafeð, S; haueð, S; haues, S2; hatȝ, S2; heþ, S2; hes, S3; aueð, S; aþ, S2; habbet, 2 pl., S; habbeð, pl., S, S2; abbeð, S2; habeð, S; habbeȝ, S2; han, S2, S3; hafd, 1 pt. s., S2; haued, S2; hauid, S2; hafdes, 2 pt. s., S; hafde, pt. s., S; haffde, S; hefde, S; hefede, S; hedde, S; heuede, S; hadde, S2, C2; adde, S, S2; hæfden, pl., S; hafden, S; haffdenn, S; hefden, S; hedden, S; hadden, S, C2; hadde, S; hade, S; heuede, S2; hafd, pp., S2; y-hadde, S2; haiffeing, pr. p., S3; haze = hae + us, have us, S3.—AS. habban, pt. s. hæfde, pp. gehæfd.

Hauene, sb. haven, S, S2, CM; haunes, pl., 2.—AS. hæfene.

Hauene, v. to take harbour; hauenyden, pt. pl., W.

Hauer, sb. oats, P; havyr, Cath.; hafyr, Voc.—Cp. Du. haver, G. hafer.

Hauer-cake, sb. oat-cake, Cath. (n); havyre-cake, HD.

Hauer-grasse, sb. wild oats, Cath. (n), HD.

Havyng, sb. behaviour, S2; hawyng, S2.

Haw, adj. azure, S3, JD; hawe, grey, MD; haa, MD.—Cp. AS. hǽwen, sea-blue.

Hawbart, sb. halberd, S3.—OF. halebarde.

Hawe, sb. hedge, enclosure, C3, MD; haȝe, MD; hahe, MD; hagh, HD.—AS. haga, hedge (Voc.).

Hawe, sb. hawthorn-berry, MD, C2, PP, Cath.—AS. haga (Voc.).

Hawe-thorne, sb. hawthorn, PP, Prompt.; haȝþorn, MD.—ONorth. hagaþorn (Mat. 7. 16).

Haxede, pt. s. asked, S; see Asken.

Haye, sb. a hedge, a kind of springe to catch rabbits, S3; hay, ND.—OF. haie (haye), a hedge.

Hay-warde, sb. hedge-warden, PP; haiwarde, PP; hayward, Voc.; heiward, S.—From AS. hege, hedge, and weard.

Haȝheliȝ, adv. becomingly, S; haȝhelike, S.—Icel. hagliga, skilfully, suitably, from hagr.

Haȝher, adj. skilful, MD; hawur, MD; haver, MD; haȝherrlike, adv., becomingly, S. See above.

He, pron. he, S; used indefinitely, = one of you, P; heo, S; hi, S; hie, S; ha, S, S2; a, S2; ȝe, S2; e, S; has = he + hes, he them, S; has = he + hes, he her, S.

Hea-; see under He-.

Heal, sb. hail, S3; see Hail.

Healden, v. to pour, S; see Helden.

Healen, sb. pl. dat. heels, S; see Heele.

Heanen, v. to oppress, afflict, S; heande, pt. s., S; heaned, pp., afflicted, S.—Cp. AS. hýnan, to humble, from héan, despised. See Heyne.

Heas, sb. command; hease, dat., S. See Heste.

Heascen, v. to insult, MD; heascede, pt. s., S.—Cp. AS. hyscan.

Heater, sb. clothing, S; see Hatere.

Heaued, sb. head, S; see Heued.

Heaued-sunne, sb. capital sin, deadly sin, S.

Hecht; see Haten.

Hecseities, pl. a term in logic, S3.

Hedde, Hedden, had; see Hauen.

Hede, sb. heed, care, C2, PP.

Heden, v. to heed, S; hedde, pt. s., SkD; hedd, MD.—AS. hédan: OS. hódian, cp. OHG. huaten (Otfrid).

Hee-; see under He-.

Hee, adj. high; see Heigh.

Heed, sb. head, C2, C3, G, W; see Heued.

Heedlyng, adv. headlong, W.

Heele, sb. heel, PP; helis, pl., PP; helen, dat., S; healen, S.—AS. héla.

Heep, sb. heap, crowd, number, PP, W2; hep, PP; hepe, Cath., G, PP.—AS. héap; cp. OHG. houf (Otfrid).

Heer, sb. hair, S3, C3; heere, W, PP; see Here.

Heer, adv. here, C2, PP; her, S, S2, C; hær, S; hier, S2; hire, G. Comb.: her-afterward, hereafter, C3; her-biuore, heretofore, S2; herbiforn, C3; her-inne, herein, C3; her-onont, as regards this, S; her-to, hereto, C3; for this cause, W; heer-vpon, hereupon, C2.

Heete; see Haten (1).

Hefden; see Hauen.

Hegge, sb. hedge, S, C, W2; hegges, pl., P; heggis, W2.—AS. hegge (dat.) in Chron. ann. 547.

Hegh, sb. haste, H; see Hye.

Heh, adj. high, S, S2, PP; see Heigh.

Heh-dai, sb. high day, festival, MD; hæȝe-dæie, dat., S.

Hehe, adv. highly, S; see Heighe.

Heh-engel, sb. archangel, S.—AS. héahengel.

Heh-fader, sb. patriarch, SD; hagefaderen, pl. dal., S.—AS. héahfader.

Hehlich, adj. noble, proud, perfect, MD; hely, S3.—AS. héahlic.

Hehliche, adv. highly, splendidly, loudly, MD; heihliche, S2; heȝlyche; hæhliche, S; hehlice, S; heglice, S.—AS. héahlice.

Hehne, adj. contemptible, S; see Heyne.

Hehnesse, sb. highness, MD; heynesse, S3; heghnes, S2; hiȝnesse, W.—AS. héahness.

Heh-seotel, sb. high-seat, throne, S; hegsettle, dat., S.—AS. héahsetl.

Hei, sb. hay, grass, Voc., W; see Hey.

Hei, adj. high, S, S2; see Heigh.

Heien, v. to extol, S; see Hiȝen.

Heigh, adj. high, chief, principal, noble, PP, CM, C2, S2; heiȝ, PP, S2; heyȝ, S3; heih, S; heh, S, S2, PP; hegh, S2, S3; hey, PP, C2, S, S2; hei, S, S2; heg, S; heȝe, S, S2; hiȝ, W, S; hyȝe, S2; hihe, C; hi, PP; hy, C2; hæh, S; hah, S; hee, S2.—AS. héah, héh.

Heighe, adv. highly, PP; heiȝe, PP, S2; heye, S, S2, PP; hehȝe, S; hehe, S; heie, S, S2; hye, C2; he, S2; hæȝe, S.—AS. héage, héah.

Heigher, adj. comp. higher, C, CM; heyer, S2, C3; hyer, S3; herre, S, P.—AS. hérra.

Heighest, adj. superl. highest, PP; heghest, S2; hehȝhesst, S; hegest, S; hest, S2; hæhst, S.—AS. héhst.

Heih, adj. high; see Heigh.

Heind, adj.; see Hende.

Heir, sb. heir, S, C2; see Eir.

Hei-uol, adj. haughty, S2. See Heigh.

Hei-ward, sb. hedge-warden, hayward, S; see Hay-warde.

Hekele, sb. hatchel, mataxa, Prompt.; hechele, hatchel for flax, HD; hekylle, mataxa, Voc., Cath.; heckle, comb, Manip.; hekkill, heckle, cock’s comb, S3; heckle, HD.—Cp. Du. hekel, hatchel.

Helde, sb. age, S; see Elde.

Helde, sb. a slope, S; heldes, pl., MD.

Helden, v. to tilt, to incline, S, S2, W; healden, to pour, S; helde, pt. s., W; halde, S; helded, S2; heldid, H; held, pp., S2.—AS. heldan cp. Icel. halla, to incline; E. heel (over). See Hell.

Heldynge, sb. an inclining aside, H.

Hele, sb. health, soundness, S, S2, S3, C; hale, S; heale, S, S3; hel, S2; heles, pl., S2.—AS. hǽlu.

Helen, v. to cover, conceal, CM, P, S, S2; heolen, S; halen, pp., S; heled, S2; hole, MD.—AS. helan, pt. hæl, pp. holen; cp. OHG. helan (Otfrid).

Helen, v. to heal, PP, S2, C2; halyd, pp., H.—AS. hǽlan; cp. OHG. heilen (Otfrid).

Helende, sb. the Saviour, the Healer, S; halende, S; healent, S.—AS. hǽlend; cp. OHG. heilant (Otfrid).

Heleth, sb. armed man, warrior, MD; hæleð, MD; heleðes, pl., S.—AS. heleð; cp. G. held.

Helfter, sb. noose, snare, S.—AS. hælftre (Voc.); see SkD. (s.v. halter).

Heling, sb. salvation, S2.

Hell, v. to pour out, H; hel, 1 pr. s., H; hell, imp. s., H; helles, pl., H; helland, pr. p., H; helt, pt. s., H; pp., H.—Icel. hella, to pour. See Helden.

Helle, sb. hell, C2, MD, PP; = infernum, W.—AS. hell: OHG. hella: Goth. halja.

Helle-fur, sb. hell-fire, S.—AS. helle-fýr.

Helle-hound, sb. hell-hound, MD.

Helle-muð, sb. mouth of hell, S.

Helme, sb. a helm, covering for the head, PP, CM; helm, MD.—AS. helm; cp. Goth. hilms.

Helmed, adj. provided with a helm, C2, CM.

Help, sb. help, C2, PP.

Helpen, v. to help, S2; halp, pt. s., C2, PP; halpe, PP, S2; pl., P; holpyn, P; hulpen, P; holpen, pp., C, C2, PP; holpe, P; hulpe, P.—AS. helpan; pt. healp; pp. holpen; cp. Goth. hilpan.

Helplees, adj. helpless, C3; helples, PP.

Helthe, sb. health, salvation, S2; heelthe, W.—AS. hǽlð.

Hem, pron. pl. dat. and acc. them, S, S2, S3, C2, W, PP; hom, S, S2; ham, S, S2; him, C2; heom, S.—AS. him, heom, dat. pl.

Hem-self, pron. themselves, S, C3, PP; hemseluen, PP; hemsilf, W, W2; hemsilue, PP.

Hende, adv. at hand, S2.

Hende, adj. near at hand, handy, courteous, S, S2, G, P; heind, S2; hinde, S3; hendest, superl., S; hændest, S.—AS. (ge)hende.

Hendeliche, adv. courteously, S, S2, P; hændeliche, S; hendely, S2; hendliche, S3.

Hendi, adj. gracious, courteous, S2; hendy, S2, MD.—AS. hendig (in compounds): Goth. handugs, clever.

Heng, pt. s. hung; see Hangen.

Henge, sb. hinge, MD; hengis, pl., W2. See Hangien.

The form Hangien does not occur in the Dictionary. The intended reference may be Hangen (weak).

Henne, adv. hence, S, C3, PP; heonne, S; hennen, S.—AS. heonan.

Hennes, adv. hence, S, S2, P, W; hennus, W; heonnes, PP.

Hennes-forth, adv. henceforth, C2.

Henten, v. to seize, Prompt., S3, C3, P; hente, pt. s., PP, S2, C2, C3, HD; hynt, S3; hent, S2, PP, S3; pp., S3, C2, C3; y-hent, C3.—AS. hentan.

Henter, sb. a thief, HD.

Heo-; see under He-.

Heo, pron. she, S, S2, P; hi, S; hye, S; hie, MD; he, S, S2, P; hue, S2; ha, S; ho, S2, S3; ȝeo, S; ȝho, S; ȝhe, S2; ȝe, S (s.v. ge); heo, acc., her, S.—AS. héo.

Heo, pron. he, S; see He.

Heom, pron. them, S; see Hem.

Heo-seolf, she herself, S.

Hep, sb. heap; see Heep.

Hepe, sb. hip, the fruit of the dog-rose, SkD, MD; heepe, CM.—AS. heope.

Hepe-tre, sb. cornus, Voc., Cath.

Heraud, sb. herald, S3, C; heraudes, pl., C, PP.—OF. heraud, herault, heralt.

Herbe, sb. herb, Voc.; eerbe, W2; hairbis, pl., S3; herbes, C2; erbez, S2; eerbis, W2.—OF. herbe; Lat. herba.

Herbere, sb. garden of herbs, S3; herber, PP, CM; erber, PP; erberes, pl., S3.

Herbergage, sb. lodging, S2, C2, C3.—AF. herbergage, from OF. herberge, encampment (Roland).

Herbergeour, sb. provider of lodging, C3.—OF. herbergeur.

Herbergeri, sb. lodging, S2.—OF. herbergerie.

Herberwe, sb. lodging, shelter, harbour, place of refuge, camp, S, PP; herborewe, W; herbergh, C, PP; herborȝ, PP; herbore, W.—Icel. herbergi lit. army-shelter. See Here.

Herberwe, v. to harbour, lodge, S3, PP; herborowe, PP; harborowe, S3; herborwe, PP; herborwed, pp., S; herborid, W. See above.

Herbore-les, adj. homeless, W.

Herce, sb. triangular form, S3; herse, a framework whereon lighted candles were placed at funerals, HD; burden of a song, S3.—OF. herce, a harrow; Lat. hirpicem.

Herd, adj. haired, C.

Herde, adj. pl. hard, S; see Harde.

Herde, sb. herd, grex, PP.—AS. heord.

Herde, sb. shepherd, CM; hirde, S, H; hird, S3, H; hurde, keeper, guardian, S; hirdis, pl., W, H.—AS. hierde (heorde), herdsman; cp. OHG. hirti (Otfrid).

Herde-man, sb. herdsman, S3; heordemonne, gen. pl., S.

Herdes, sb. pl. the refuse of flax, MD; hardes, Voc., Cath.; heerdis, CM; hyrdys, Prompt.; heorden, dat., S.—AS. heordan.

Herdes, pl. lands, S; see Erd.

Here, sb. hair, S, CM, S3; her, S2; heer, S3, C3; heere, W, PP; heare, S3; hore, MD; hares, pl., S2; haris, S3; heres, C2; heeris, W; heiris, W2.—AS. hǽr; cp. OHG. hár (Otfrid).

Here, sb. hair-cloth, S, S2; haire, Cath.; hayre, Voc.; heare, S; heire, W2, PP; heyre, C3, P, W; haigre, dat., S.—AS. hǽre.

Here, sb. host, army, S, S2.—AS. here: Goth. harjis.

Here, pron. of them, their, S, S2, C, PP; her, S, S3, C2, C3, PP; heore, S; huere, S2; hore, S; hor, S2; hare, S, S2; hir, C2; hire, S; hern, herne, gen. theirs, W, W2.—AS. hira (heora).

Here, pron. and poss. pron. her, C3, PP; see Hire.

Here, adv. before, S; see Er.

Hered-men, sb. pl. retainers, S; see Hired-men.

Heremyte, sb. hermit, S2; heremites, pl., P; see Ermite.

Heren, v. to hear, S, C2; hiren, to obey, S, MD; huren, MD; hæren, S; hieren, MD, S2; heir, S3; heoreð, 1 pr. pl., S; herde, pt. s., S, S2, C2; herd, S2; hurde, S2; hard, S3; herden, pl., G; hard, pp., S3; herd, C2; y-hyerd, S2; ihurd, S2.—AS. héran: OS. hórian.

Here-toȝe, sb. leader of an army, MD; heretoche, S.—AS. heretoga; cp. G. herzog.

Here-word, sb. praise, S.

Here-wurðe, adj. worthy of praise, S.

Herield, adj. given as a heriot, S3.—Low Lat. heregeldum, see Ducange (s.v. heriotum). See Heriet.

Herien, v. to praise, S, C2, C3; herie, W; herye, S3, S2; i-heret, pp., S.—AS. herian: Goth. hazjan.

Herien, v. to harry, S2; see Harwen.

Heriet, sb. a heriot, equipment falling to the lord of the manor on decease of a tenant, MD.—AS. heregeatu, military equipment. See Here, Herield.

Hering, sb. herring, MD; herynge, S2 (8 b. 46); elringe, S2 (probably an error). Cp. AF. harang.

Heriynge, sb. praise, W; heryinge, S2.

Herken, v. to hark, MD; herk, S2.

Herknen, v. to hearken, S, C2; hercnen, hercni, S.—AS. hearcnian.

Herknere, sb. listener, S3.

Herlot, sb. acrobat, H; see Harlot.

Hermes, sb. pl. harms, damages, S; see Harm.

Hermyne, sb. ermine, S; ermine, S.—OF. hermine.

Herne, sb. a corner, S2, C3, P; hirne, S, PP, H, S3; hyrne, H; hurne, S, S2; huirnes, pl., S2, PP.—AS. hyrne.

Herne, sb. heron, Prompt.; see Heron.

Herne-panne, sb. scull, HD; see Harne-panne.

Hernes, sb. pl. brains, S2; see Harnes.

Herneys, sb. armour, C; see Harneys.

Hernez, sb. pl. eagles, S2; see Ern.

Heron, sb. heron, MD; heiroun, MD; heyrone, MD; heroun, MD; herne, Prompt.; heern, Prompt.; heryn, Prompt.—OF. hairon: It. aghirone: OHG. heigero.

Heronsewe, sb. a heron, a young heron, C2, Cath.; herunsew, HD; hearnesew, HD; hernshaw, HD, SkD.—AF. herouncel (OF. heronceau).

Herre, sb. a hinge, Prompt., MD; harre, Cath., C; har, JD, Voc.; herris, pl., W2; herrys, H.—AS. heorr; cp. Icel. hjarri.

Herre, sb. lord, master, MD; hærre, S.—AS. hearra; cp. OS. hérro.

Herse, sb. burden of a song, S3; see Herce.

Hert, sb. hart, S2, C, C2, W2; hertes, pl., S2; hertis, W2, PP.—AS. heort, heorot, heorut; see Brugmann, § 67. 5.

Herte, sb. heart, S, PP, S2, C2; hairt, S3; hurte, S2; huerte, S2; hierte, S; heorte, S, PP; hert, S2; hertes, pl., S, C2, C3; hertis, P.—AS. heorte; cp. Goth. hairto.

Herte-blood, sb. heart’s blood, C3.

Herteles, adj. without courage, C; hartlesse, S3; hertles, foolish, W2.

Hertely, adj. hearty, MD; hertly, C2; joyous, W2.

Hertely, adv. heartily, S3, C2; herteliche, S.

Herten, v. to cheer, HD, S3, S; hertid, pp., wise, W2.

Herte-spon, sb. brisket-bone, C.

Herting, sb. cheering, S.

Heruest, sb. harvest, S, S2, P.—AS. hærfest.

Heruest-trees, sb. pl. autumnal trees = arbores autumnales, W.

Hes, he, her; see He.

Hesmel, sb. collar (?), S.

Hesn, sb. command, MD; hesne, pl., S.—Formed from AS. hǽs. See Heste.

Hespe, sb. hasp; see Haspe.

Heste, sb. command, S, S2, C2, C3, PP; has, S; hes, S; hest, S; hease, dat. S; hese, pl., S; hestes, S, S2, S3, C2; heestis, W; hestene, gen., S.—AS. hǽs.

Hete, sb. heat, S, C3, PP; hæte, S; heat, S; hit, S; hate, dat., S.—AS. hǽtu.

Hete, v. to heat, Cath., S2.—AS. hǽtan.

Hete, sb. hate, S.—AS. hete: OS. heti.

Hetel, adj. hateful, cruel, horrible, MD.

Hetelifaste, adv. cruelly, S.

Heten, v. to promise, MD, S2, C3, H; see Haten.

Heter, adj. rough, MD.

Heterly, adv. fiercely, violently, S2; hetterly, S2; heterliche, MD; hatterliche, S; heatterliche, S.

Heth, sb. heath, PP, CM; heethe, dat., C.—AS. hǽð; cp. Icel. heiðr.

Hethen, adj. heathen, S, S2, C3, PP; hathene, S; heaðene, S; hæðene, S.—AS. hǽðen.

Heðen, adv. hence, S, S2, S3, H; eðen, S.—Icel. héðan.

Hethenesse, sb. heathendom, S, C3, PP.—AS. hǽðennis.

Hethenlich, adv. in heathen manner. W.

Heðing, sb. scoffing, scorn, S2, HD, CM; hethyngis, pl., H.—Icel. hæðing.

Hette; see Haten.

Hetyng, sb. promising, H. See Heten.

Heued, sb. head, S, S2, PP; heaued, S; heauet, S; hafed, S; hæfedd, S; hæued, S; hefed, S; heeued, S2; heuet, S; heed, C2, C3, G, W; heuede, dat., S2; hæfden, pl., S; heuedes, C2; heuiddes, S2; hedes, C3; heedes, C2, G; heedis, W.—AS. héafod.

Heued-cloð, sb. head-cloth, S.

Heued-sunne, sb. a capital sin, deadly sin, S; hefed-sunne, S; heaued-sunne, S.

Heuegeð, pr. s. bears heavy on, S.—AS. hefigian.

Heuen, v. to heave, raise, S, S2, C; houe, pt. s., S, MD; houen, pp., S2, MD.—AS. hebban, pt. hóf, pp. hafen.

Heuene, sb. heaven, PP; heouene, S; heuen, C2; heoffness, gen., S; hewynnis, S3; heofene, dat., S; heouene, S; heoffne, S; hefene, S; heuene, S, C2; hefenen, pl., S.—AS. heofon.

Heuenen, v. to raise, MD, S2. See Heuen.

Heuene-riche, sb. kingdom of heaven, S, S2, P; heoueneriche, S; heoueriche, S; heueriche, S; heofeneriche, S.—AS. heofonríce.

Heuen-king, sb. King of Heaven, S.

Heuenliche, adj. heavenly, S, C; heouenlich, S.

Heuy, adj. heavy, mournful, PP; molestus, W; heuie, S; hefiȝ, S; heuy, adv., W.—AS. hefig.

Heuyed, pp. made heavy, W.

Heuynesse, sb. heaviness, grief, PP, C2.

Hew, sb. colour, S, S2, S3; heou, S; heu, S2; huȝ, S2; hu, S2; hiu, S; heowe, dat., S; hewe, S2, C2; hewes, pl., colours for painting, C.—AS. hiw.

Hewe, sb. servant, P, MD; hewen, pl., P, MD.—AS. híwan, pl. domestics, from híw, family. See Hyne, Hired.

Hewed, adj. hued, S3, C; hwed, S2.

Hewen, v. to hew, knock, C, PP; hiewh, pt. s., S2.—AS. héawan.

Hey, adj. high; see Heigh.

Hey, sb. hay, S2, C2, C3, W; hei, W; hai, S2; heye, W.—AS. hég (OET).

Heyda, interj. ho! there, SkD; hoighdagh, S3.—Cp. G. heida.

Heyne, adj. as sb. despised, worthless person, C3, CM, MD; hehne, adj. dat., contemptible, S; hæne, pl., poor, S.—AS. héan; cp. Goth. hauns.

Heyre, sb. hair-cloth, C3, P, W; see Here.

Heythe, sb. height, Prompt.; heȝthe, S2; heyt, S2; hycht, S3. Phr.: on highte, aloud, C.—AS. héhðu. See Heigh.

Heȝe, adj. high; see Heigh.

Hi-, prefix; see under Ȝe-.

Hi, pron. nom. and acc. they, S, S2; hy, S, S2; i, S; hie, S; hii, S, S2; hij, P; hei, S; heo, S, S2; ho, S; he, S, S3; ha, S; hue, S2; a, S2.—AS. hí (hig), híe, héo.

Hi, pron. he, S; hie, S; see He.

Hid, sb. privity = absconditum, H (p. 96).

Hidel, sb. secrecy, secret, MD; hidils, H, W, HD. Phr.: in hiddlis = (in occulto), W, W2.—AS. hýdels.

Hiden, v. to hide, PP; see Huden.

Hider, adv. hither, S, S2, C2, G, PP; hyder, PP; huder, PP; hidur, HD.—AS. hider, hiðer.

Hider-to, adv. hitherto, S.

Hider-ward, adv. hitherward, S, S2, C2, P.

Hidous, adj. hideous, C; hydus, S2; hydows, immanis, Prompt.—OF. hidus (F. hideux).

Hidousnesse, sb. horror, W2.

Hierte, sb. heart, S; see Herte.

Hight, Hiht; see Haten.

Hihe; see Heigh.

Hi-heren, v. to hear, S.—AS. ge-héran. See Ȝe.

Hiht; see Haten.

Hihten; see Hiȝten.

Hil, sb. hill, S; see Hul.

Hilen, v. to cover, protect, S, S2, W, H; hulen, S, S2, PP; hiled, pp., C, P, H; hilid, W, H; hild, H; y-hyled, S3.—Icel. hylja.

Hilere, sb. protector, H; heyler, H.

Hiling, sb. covering, 82, W, W2; hilynge, H.

Him, pron. dat. s. him, C2.

Him-seluen, pron. himself, C2, PP.

Hindir, adj. comp. hinder, latter, S3; hinder, JD; ender, 83. Phr.: this hyndyr nycht, this night last past, 83; this ender daie, S3.—Icel. hindri, hinder, latter.

Hine, pron. acc. him, S; hyne, S, S2; hin, S.—AS. hine.

Hine, sb. servant, MD; used of the Virgin Mary, MD; pl., S, S2; hinen, S; see Hyne.

Hine-hede, sb. service, S2.

Hirde, sb. shepherd, S, H; see Herde.

Hirdnesse, sb. flocks under a shepherd’s care, S. See Herde.

Hire, pron. and poss. pron. her, S, S2, C; hure, PP, S; here, C3, PP; hir, C3, PP; ire, S2; hires, hers, S2, C3; hire-selue, herself, S2; Hir-selue, AS. hire (hyre).

Hire, adv. here, G; see Heer.

Hired, sb. body of retainers, S, MD; hird, household, company, courtiers, S, MD.—AS. híred, household = híw + réd. See Hewe.

Hired-men, sb. pl. retainers, S; heredmen, S.

Hiren, v. to obey, S; see Heren.

Hirne, sb. corner, S, S3, PP, H; see Herne.

Hirten, v. to hurt, dash against, W, W2; see Hurten.

Hirtyng, sb. stumbling, W, W2; hortynge, dat., hurting, H (p. 96).

His, pron. f. acc. her, MD (p. 446), S; hies, S; hes, S; ys, MD; is, 82; hyse, MD.

His, pron. pl. acc. them, S, S2; hise, S2; hes, S; is, S, S2: es, MD; ys, MD.

His, pron. poss. his, S, S2; hisse, S2; es, S; is, S, S2; hise, pl., S, W, PP; hyse, S, PP.

Hit, pron. it, S, S2; hyt, S2; it, S, S2; hiȝt, S2; hit (used as gen.), S2.—AS. hit.

Hit, sb. heat, S; see Hete.

Hitten, v. to hit, Cath., PP, S2; hutten, MD; hitte, pt. s., cast down hastily, P; hutte, PP; y-hyt, pp., S2. Icel. hitta: Goth. hinthan, to catch.

Hiȝ, adj. high, W, S; see Heigh.

Hiȝen, v. to heighten, extol, W; heien, S; hieth, pr. s., W; i-heied, pp., S (p. 123); i-hæȝed, S; heghid, H.

Hiȝen, v. to hie, hasten, MD, W; hyȝen, S2; hyen, S3, PP; hye, reflex., S2, C3; hiȝede, pt. s., S, S2, S3, PP; hiȝed, pp., W; hied, PP.—AS. higan, higian.

Hiȝingli, adv. hastily, W.

Hiȝt; see Haten.

Hiȝte, sb. delight, joy, S.—AS. hyht, joy; cp. hihting, joy, exultation (Voc.).

Hiȝten, v. to rejoice, be glad, S.—AS. hyhtan; cp. ge-hihtan (Voc.).

Hiȝten, v. to adorn, Trevisa, (1. 41, 235 and 2. 363); hight, HD; hihten, pt. pl., S.

Hiȝter, sb. embellisher, Trevisa, (1. 7).

Hoball, sb. an idiot, S3; hobbil, HD.—Cp. Du. hobbelen, to toss, stammer, stutter.

Ho-bestez, sb. pl. she-beasts, S2. See Heo.

Hobie, sb. a kind of hawk, Manip.; hoby, Voc., Cath.; hobby, HD; hobies, pl., S3.—Cp. OF. hobreau (Cotg.).

Hod, sb. hood, S2, S3, PP; hode, C2, P; see Hood.

Hoddy-peke, sb. a hood-pick, HD; see Huddy-peke.

Hohful, adj. anxious, MD; hohfulle, S.—AS. hohful, from hogu, care.

Hoise, v. to hoist, lift up, WW; hoyse, S3; hyce, Palsg.; hyse, Palsg.; hoighced, pp., WW.—Cp. ODu. hyssen, G. hissen, Du. hijschen, also F. hisser.

Hok, sb. hook, MD; hoc, S2; hokes, pl., P.—AS. hóc.

Hoked, adj. provided with a hook, P; i-hoked, hooked, S.

Hoker, sb. mockery, scorn, MD; hokere, dat., S; hokeres, pl., S.—AS. hócor.

Hoker-lahter, sb. the laughter of scorn, S.

Hokerliche, adv. scornfully, S.

Hokerunge, sb. scorn, MD; hokerringe, dat., S.

Hokkerye; see Hukkerye.

Hold, sb. a stronghold, C3.

Hold, adj. inclined to any one, gracious, friendly, S; holde, pl., S2.—AS. hold: Goth. hulþs.

Holdelike, adv. graciously, S2.

Holden, v. to hold, observe, keep, consider, S, S2, PP; healden, S; halden, S, S2, PP; hælden, S; helde, S; halst, 2 pr. s., S; halt, pr. s., S, S2, S3, C2; hallt, S; hauld, pl., S3; haldes, haldis, imp. pl., S2; heold, pt. s., S; heeld, C2; hield, S2; huld, S2; heoldon, pl., S; heolden, S; heolde, S; helde, C2, PP; hielden, S; hulde, S2; i-halden, pp., S; halden, S2; i-holde, S, S2; holden, S, C2; holde, beholden, S2; kept, C2; y-holde, S2, C3; y-holden, P; i-hialde, S.—AS. healdan.

Hole, pp. covered; see Helen.

Hole, adj. whole, C3; pl., entire, i.e. neatly mended up, P; see Hool.

Hole-foted, adj. whole-footed (i.e. web-footed), S2.

Hole-ly, adv. wholly, P; holly, S2, C; hollyche, S3; holliche, PP; holiche, PP.

Holi, adj. holy, S, PP; holy, PP; hali, S, S2; heali, S; ali, S; haliȝ, S; hallȝhe, S; haliche, adv., S.—AS. hálig.

Holi-cherche, sb. Holy Church, P; holikirke, P.

Holi-dai, sb. holiday, PP; haliday, P.

Holi-gost, sb. Holy Ghost, PP; hali-gast, S.

Holle, sb. hull of a ship, SKD (p. 811), MD, Voc., Prompt.—AS. holh. Cf. Holwe.

Holly, sb. holly, MD; holie, S; holy, Prompt. See Holyn.

Holpen, pp.; see Helpen.

Holsumliche, adv. wholesomely, S. See Hool.

Holt, sb. a wood, wooded hill, grove, MD; holte, C, PP; holtes, pl., S3, PP.—AS. holt (OET.).

Holwe, adj. hollow, C3, PP; howe, pl., S3, JD.—Cp. AS. holh, a hollow.

Holyn, sb. holly, S (p. 116), Voc., MD, Cath.; holin, S (p. 116); hollen, MD.—AS. holen, holegn.

Holyn-bery, sb. holly-berry, Cath.

Homage, sb. men, retainers, vassalage, S.—OF. homage.

Homicyde, sb. assassin, C2.—AF. homicide; Lat. homicida (Vulg.).

Homicyde, sb. manslaughter, murder, C3.—OF. homicide; Lat. homicidium (Vulg.).

Homliche, adj. meek, domesticus, W; homeli, W; hamly, adv. familiarly, heartily, H. See Hoom.

Homlinesse, sb. domesticity, C2; hamlynes, intimacy, H.

Homward, adv. homeward, S, C2.

Hon-; see also under Hun-.

Hond, sb. hand, S, S2, C2. See Hand.

Hond-fast, pp. fastened by the hands, G.

Honest, adj. honourable, worthy, C2, C3, PP; onest, W; oneste W.—OF. honeste; Lat. honestum.

Homestetee, sb. honourableness, C2.

Honestly, adv. honourably, C3.

Hong, pt. s. hung; see Hangen.

Hongede, pt. s. hung; see Hangen (2).

Honour, sb. honour, MD; honur, S2.—OF. honur; Lat. honorem.

Honoure, v. to honour, PP, C2; onuri, S; honur, S2; anuri, S; onourynge, pr. p., W; anuret, imp. pl., S; anurede, pt. pl., S; anured, pp., S; onourid, W2.—OF. honorer (onurer); Lat. honarare.

Hony, sb. honey, PP, W.—AS. hunig.

Hony-socle, sb. honeysuckle, Prompt.; locusta, Prompt.

Hony-souke, sb. chervil, cerifolium, Voc.; serpillum, pellitory, Voc.; locusta, Voc.; honysoukis, pl. (= locustae), W.—AS. hunigsúge, privet, also hunisuce (Voc.).

Hood, sb. hood, PP, MD; hud, MD; hod, S2, S3, PP; hode, C2, MD, P; hoode, C2; hude, Cath.—AS. hód.

Hool, adj. whole, C2, W, PP; hoi, S, S2, PP; hoole, S2, S3; hole, C3; hal, S.—AS. hál; cp. Icel. heill. Cf. Hail.

Hoolsum, adj. wholesome, W; hoisome, S3; holsum, S.—Cp. Icel. heilsamr.

Hoom, sb. home, CM; horn, S, S2; om, S; ham, S; hom, adv., S2, C2; hoom, C2; haym, S3; heame, S3; whome, S3.—AS. ham, nom. and dat. loc., see Sievers, 237.

Hoor, adj. hoar, gray, C3; hor, PP; hore, pl., S3, G, P.—AS. hár.

Hoornesse, sb. hoariness, W2.

Hoos, adj. hoarse, PP; hos, PP; hoose, W2; hors, PP; horse, CM; hase, H.—AS. hás; cp. G. heiser.

Hoot, adj. hot, C3; hat, S; hate, S; hot, PP; hote, adv., S2; hatere, comp., S; hatture, S.—AS. hát; cp. G. heiss.

Hope, sb. hope, MD; hoip, S3.—AS. hopa.

Hopen, v. to hope, MD; hope, to think, expect, H.

Hopper, sb. a seed-basket, HD; hoper, P; hopyr, corn-basket, Voc.; hoppyr, farricapsa molendini, Cath.

Hoppesteres, sb. pl. dancers (viz. the ships), MD, C.—AS. hoppestre.

Hord, sb. hoard, S2, C3; horde, S, PP.—AS. hord: Goth. huzd; cp. Lat. custos, see Brugmann, § 469.

Horde-hows, sb. treasury, HD.

Hordere, sb. treasurer, SD.—AS. hordere (Voc.)

Horder-wice, sb. the office of treasurer; horderwycan, S.

Hore, sb. whore, PP; hoore, W, W2; horis, pl., W; hooris, W.—Icel. hóra.

Horedom, sb. whoredom, PP; hordom, S, S2.—Icel. hórdómr.

Horeling, sb. fornicator, MD; horlinges, S.

Hori, adj. dirty, MD; hoory, MD.—AS. horig.

Horlege, sb. time-teller, clock, Cath. See Orologe.

Horlege-loker, sb. a diviner, haruspex, Cath.

Horowe, adj. foul, unclean, CM.—From AS. horh, filth (gen. horwes).

Horwed, pp. as adj. unclean, S2.

Hors, sb. horse, S; pl., S, C2, PP; horse, PP; horsus, PP.—AS. hors.

Horse-corser, sb. horse-dealer, S3.

Horsly, adj. horselike, C2.

Horte, sb. hurt, S3. See Hurte.

Horten, v. to hurt, MD; see Hurten.

Hortynge, sb. hurting, H (p. 96); see Hirtyng.

Hosel, sb. the Eucharist, MD; see Husel.

Hoseli, v. to housel, S2; see Huslen.

Hosen, sb. pl. stockings, S, C2, G; hoosis, W.—AS. hosan, pl.

Hoskins, sb. pl. gaiters, S3; hokshynes, S3.

Hoste, sb. host, entertainer, MD; see Ooste.

Hostel, sb. lodging, MD; see Ostel.

Hostellere, sb. inn-keeper, P; see Ostelere.

Hostelrie, sb. inn, C; see Ostelrie.

Hostery, sb. inn, MD; see Ostery.

Hoten, v. to bid, promise, MD; see Haten.

Hou, adv. how, S2, PP; hw, S; hwu, S; wu, S, S2; hu, S, S2; whou, S3; whouȝ, S3; wouȝ, S3.—AS. hú. Cf. Hwi.

Houch-senous, sb. pl. hock-sinews, S3; see Houȝ-senue.

Houge, adj. huge, WW; see Huge.

Hound, sb. hound, dog, MD, C2; hund, S; hunde, dat., S.—AS. hund.

Hound-fleȝe, sb. dog-fly, cinomia, MD; hund-fleghe, H; hundeflee, Cath.; hundfle, H.—AS. hundesfléoge (Voc.).

Houre, sb. hour, MD; our, S2, S3; oware, S3; houres, pl., hours, devotions at certain hours (see Horae in Ducange), S2, P; oures, P; houris, orisons, songs of praise, S3; vres, S.—AF. houre, OF. hore (eure, ure); Lat. hora.

Hous, sb. house, also a term in astrology, PP, S2, C2; hus, S.—AS. hús.

Housbond, sb. the master of a house, husband, C2, C3, G; housebond, PP; hosebonde, farmer, PP; husband, S, S2, S3; husbonde, S; husebonde, S.—Icel. húsbondi.

Housbonderye, sb. economy, P; housbondry, C; hosboundrie, PP; husbandry, Sh.

Hous-coppis, sb. pl. house-tops, W2.

Housel, sb. the Eucharist, CM; see Husel.

Houselen, v. to housel, CM; see Huslen.

House-wif, sb. house-wife, PP; hosewyues, pl., W.

Houten, v. to hoot, PP; howten, Prompt.; huten, MD; y-howted, pp., PP.—Cp. OSwed. huta, with which is related OF. huter (huer).

Houȝ-senue, sb. hock-sinew, MD; houchsenous, pl., S3.—AS. hóh-sinu; cp. Icel. há-sin.

Houe, sb. hoof, ungula, MD; hufe, Cath., MD; houys, pl., MD; hoeues, S3.—AS. hóf.

Houe-daunce, sb. a court-dance, HD, MD, Caxton (Reynard, p. 54). Cp. ODu. hofdans.

Houen, v. to wait about, remain, S, S2, S3, P; hufe, S3.

Howe, sb. high hill, tumulus; how, H (p. 374), JD; howis, pl., H.—Icel. haugr.

Howfe, sb. hood, coif, tena, Cath.; howue, P, CM, C2 (p. 178); houue, PP; houues, pl., S2, P.—AS. húfe.

Hoxterye, sb. retail-dealing, S2, PP; see Huksterie.

Huche, sb. hutch, clothes-box, a chest, the ark of Israel, Prompt., H, MD; hucche, P, HD; hutche, Prompt.—OF. huche.

Hud, sb. hood, MD; see Hood.

Huddy-peke, sb. a hood-pick, one who thieves out of a man’s hood, simpleton, S3; hudpik, S3 (p. 422); hoddypeke, S3 (p. 421), HD.

Hude, sb. hide, S; hide, MD; hiden, pl., S2.—AS. hýd: OS. húd; cp. Lat. cutis.

Huden, v. to hide, S, PP; hiden, S, PP; huyden, PP; hyde, C2; huide, S; hud, imp. s., S; hit, pr. s., C2; hut, MD; hudde, pt. s., PP; hidde, C2, PP; y-hid, pp., C3; i-hud, S; hidd, S; hudde, S.—AS. hýdan.

Hudinge, sb. concealment, S2.

Hue, sb. a loud cry, SkD, Sh.—AF. hu. See Houten.

Huerte, sb. heart, S2; see Herte.

Hufe, sb. hoof, Cath., MD; see Houe.

Hufe, v. to hover about, S3; see Houen.

Huge, adj. huge, MD; hoge, MD; hugie, S3; houge, WW; hogge, HD, MD.

Hugely, adv., hugely, greatly, Cath.

Huide, v. to hide, S; see Huden.

Huirnes, sb. pl. corners, S2, PP; see Herne.

Hukken, v. to hawk, to retail, Voc.; hucke, Palsg.—Cp. ODu. huken, to stoop down (Du. heuken, to retail).

Hukker, sb. a hawker, retailer of small articles, Voc.—Cp. Du. heuker.

Hukkerye, sb. retail dealing, PP; hokkerye, PP.

Hukster, sb. huckster, Voc., MD, Cath.; hukkester, Voc.; hokester, MD.

Huksterie, sb. retail dealing; huckustrye, PP; hoxterye, S2, PP.

Hul, sb. hill, S2, PP, Voc.; hil, S; hille, dat., S; hulle, S; pl., S; hulles, S2, P; hilles, MD.—AS. hyll.

Hulden, v. to flay, MD, S2; hild, HD; helden, MD; hylt, pp., HD.—AS. (be)hyldan, to flay, skin; cp. Icel. hylda.

Hule, sb. a hull, husk, covering of grain or nuts, PP; hole, Prompt.; hoole, Prompt., SkD (p. 811).

Hulpen; see Helpen.

Huly, adj. slow, moderate, JD; hoolie, JD.—Icel. hógligr, adj.

Huly, adv. slowly, H; holy, H.—Icel. hógliga.

Hulynes, sb. slowness, H; huliness, JD.

Humble, adj. humble, MD; humyll, S3.—OF. humble, humile; Lat. humilem.

Humblesse, sb. humility, S2, C2, C3.

Humilitee, sb. humility, C2.

Hund, sb. hound, S; see Hound.

Hund-fle, sb. dog-fly, H; see Hound-fleȝe.

Hundred, num. hundred, S, P, Cath.; hundret, S; hondreð, P; hondred, S2; hundereth, S2; hundreth, WW.—Icel. hundrað.

Hundred-feald, hundredfold, S.

Hunger, sb. hunger, famine, S; hungær, S; honger, S2; hungre, dat., S.—AS. hungor.

Hunger-bitten, adj. famished, WW.

Hungren, v. to hunger, S; hungrede, pt. s., was hungry, S.—AS. hyngran.

Hungri, adj. hungry, S.—AS. hungrig.

Hunte, sb. hunter, S, C; honte, C.—AS. hunta (Voc.).

Hunten, v. to hunt, S, C2.—AS. huntian.

Hunteresse, sb. huntress, C.

Hunteð, sb. a hunting, MD; honteð, S2, MD.—AS. huntoð.

Hunting, sb.; an huntinge, on hunting, a-hunting, S, C2; on hontyng, C.

Hupe, sb. hip, MD; hepe, MD; hupes, pl., CM, MD; hipes, C; hipis, W.—AS. hype.

Huppen, v. to leap, dance, jump, MD; hupte, pt. s., S, S2.—Cp. G. hüpfen.

Hurde, sb. keeper, S; see Herde.

Hurde, pt. s. heard, S2; see Heren.

Hure, adv. at least; hure and hure, at intervals, S, MD; hur and hur, frequently, S.—AS. huru, at least. Cf. La hwure.

Hure, sb. hire, S, S2, G, PP; huire, S, S2, P; huyre, P.—AS. hýr.

Huren, v. to hire, MD; huyre, ger., G; hyre, G; hurede, pt. s., S; hyred, pp., C2; huyred, P; ihuret, S2.—AS. hýrian.

Hurkelen, v. to stoop down, crouch, rest, MD; hurkle, HD; hurkled, pt. s., S2.

Hurlen, v. to rush, dash against, hurl, S2, C3, W2; hurlle, PP; hurliden, pt. pl., threw down, W.

Hurne, sb. corner, S, S2; see Herne.

Hurrok, sb. oar (?), S2, MD.—Cp. orruck-holes, oar-drawing holes (?), in the Norfolk dialect, cited in MD.

Hurte, sb. hurt, collisio, Cath.; hurt, PP, C2; hortis, pl., S3.

Hurten, v. to dash against, push, injure, MD, Prompt., PP; horten, MD; hirten, W, W2; y-hurt, pp., S2, S3.—OF. hurter.

Hurtlen, v. to dash against, rattle, dash down, C, W, W2.

Huschen, v. to hush, MD; hussen, MD; hussht, pp., MD; hoscht, MD; hust, pp., C.

Husel, sb. the sacrifice of the Eucharist, S; housel, CM; hosel, MD.—AS. húsel.

Huslen, v. to administer the Eucharist, MD; hoseli, S2; hoslen, S; houselen, CM; huseled, pp., houseled, S; hosled, S; y-housled, S2.

Hus-lewe, sb. house-shelter, S; see Hous.

Huyre, sb.; see Hure.

Hy, adj. high; see Heigh.

Hye, sb. haste, S2, S3, CM, C3; hie, MD; heye, MD; hegh, H.

Hyen, v. to hasten, S3, PP; see Hiȝen.

Hyne, sb. domestic, servant, hind, S2, P, C3, W; hine (used of the Virgin Mary), MD; hind, Sh.; hine, pl., S, S2; hinen, S.—Cp. AS. hína man, a man of the domestics. Hína, also written híwna, gen. pl. of híwan, domestics. See Hewe.

I (vowel).

[For words in which initial I has the sound of J, see under I (consonant) below.]

I-, prefix; see Ȝe-.

Iæde, pt. s. went, S; ieden, pl., S; see Eode.

I-bede, sb. prayer, S; ibeden, pl., S.—AS. gebed. See Bede.

I-bere, sb. noise, S.—AS. gebǽre, gesture, cry: OS. gi-bári.

I-beten, v. to amend, S.—AS. ge-bétan.

I-biden, v. to have to do with, S.—AS. ge-bídan.

I-biten, v. to bite, eat, taste, S.—AS. ge-bítan.

I-blissien, v. reflex. to rejoice, S.—AS. ge-blissian.

I-bod, sb. command, S.—AS. ge-bod.

I-bon, pp. prepared, adorned, S.—AS. ge-bún, pp. of ge-búan. See Boun.

I-borhen, pp. saved, S; iboreȝe, S; iboruwen, S; see Berȝen.

I-brucen, v. to enjoy, S.—AS. ge-brúcan.

I-brusted, pp. made bristly, S.

I-bureð, pr. s. (it) behoveth, S.—AS. ge-byrian.

I-bureȝen, v. to deliver, S.—AS. ge + borgian. See Borwen.

Ich, pron. I, S, S2, S3, C2; icc, S; ik, P; hic, S; hy, S2; ic, S; ih, S: ihc, S; y, S, W, W2. Comb.: ichabbe, I have, S2; icham, I am, S2; ichaue, I have, S2; icholle, I will, S2; ichcholle, S2; ichulle, S2, S; ichim, I + him, S; ichot, I wot, S2; ychabbe, I have, S2; ycham, I am, S2.—AS. ic; cp. OHG. ih (Otfrid).

Ich, adj. each, S, S2; see Eche.

I-chaped, pp. furnished with a chape, C. See Chape.

I-cnowen, v. to know, S.—AS. ge-cnáwan. See Knowen.

I-coren, pp. chosen, S; see Chesen.

I-cundur, adj. com. more natural, S; see Ȝe-cende.

I-cwede, pp. spoken, S; see Queðen.

I-cweme, adj. pleasing, S.—AS. ge-cwéme.

I-cwemen, v. to please, S; i-queme, S; i-quemde, pt. s., S.—AS. ge-cwéman.

Idel, adj. idle, empty, useless, S; ydel, S, C2, P; idul, W. Phr.: an ydel, in vain, P; on idel, S.—AS. ídel; cp. OHG. ítal (Tatian).

Idelliche, adj. idly, SD; ydelly, C3.

Idelnesse, sb. idleness, S; idelnisse, S2.—AS. idelnis.

Idiote, sb. unlearned person, a man not holding public office, TG, PP; ydiot, W; ideot, Cotg.; ydiote, PP.—OF. idiot, one that hath no charge in a commonwealth, an unprofitable person, a ninny, a natural fool (Cotg.); Lat. idiota (Vulg.); Gr. ἰδιώτης, ignorant (NT), lit. one occupied with τὰ ἴδια his private affairs, from ἴδιος, one’s own.

I-dreaued, pp. troubled, S; see Drouy.

Ieden, pt. pl. went, S; see Eode.

I-fæied, pp. hated, SD; i-uaid, S; i-væid, SD.—AS. ge-féoged, pp. of ge-féogan, to hate.

I-fellen, v. to fell, SD; i-uælþ, pr. pl., S; yfelde, pt. s., S; ifulde, S.—AS. ge-fellan.

I-fere, sb. a fellow-farer, companion, comes, S; ȝe-feren, pl., S; i-feren, S; i-ueren, S; y-fere, S; i-uere, S.—AS. ge-féra.

I-feren, adv. together, S; see In, prep.

I-finden, v. to find, S; i-uinden, S; i-uynde, S; y-fynde, C2.—AS. ge-findan.

I-fon, v. to take; i-uo, S; ifoð, pr. pl., S.—AS. ge-fón. See Fon.

I-fulde, pt. s. felled, S; see I-fellen.

Igain, prep. and adv. against, again, S2; see Aȝein.

Igain-sawe, sb. contradiction, S2. Cf. Ogainsaghe.

I-gistned, pp. lodged, S2; see Gestnen.

I-gon, v. to go, S.—AS. ge-gán.

I-grætten, pt. pl. saluted, S; igret, pp., S (7. 105).—AS. gegrétton, pt. pl. of grétan. See Greten.

I-grede, sb. shouting, clamour, S. See Greden.

I-healden, v. to hold, keep, S; iholde, S.—AS. ge-healdan. See Holden.

I-hende, adv. near, S.—AS. ge-hende; see Hende.

I-heorted, adj. in phr.; heie iheorted, proud-hearted, S.

I-heren, v. to hear, S; ihure, S, S2; hi-heren, S; yhyren, S2; ihærde, pt. s., S; ihorde, S.—AS. ge-héran.

I-hold, sb. fortress, hold, S.—AS. ge-heald. See Hold.

I-holde; see I-healden.

I-hudeket, pp. hooded, S. See Hood.

I-hure; see I-heren.

I-hwulen, v. to be at leisure, S. See While.

Ik, pron. I, P. See Ich.

I-latet, adj. visaged, S. See Late.

-ild, suffix. As in beggild, MD; cheapild, S; fostrild, MD.

Ile, sb. isle, S, S2, C3; yle, C2, PP, S3.—OF. ile, isle; Lat. insula.

I-leaded, pp. fitted with lead, S.

I-leaue, sb. leave, S2.—AS. ge-léaf.

I-ledene, sb. pl. of one’s people, compatriots, S.—AS. ge-léod. See Leode.

I-leoten, v. to fall to one’s lot, SD; iloten, pp., befallen, S.—AS. ge-hléotan, to share, get; pp. ge-hloten. See Lot.

Iles-piles, sb. pl. hedgehogs, S; ilspiles, S (n). Properly ‘the quills of the hedgehog’; AS. íl, igel, hedgehog (OET) + píl, a dart (Grein); Lat. pilum.

I-lete, sb. face, demeanour, S. Cp. ODu. ge-lát. See Leten.

I-lethered, adj. made of leather, S.

I-leue, sb. belief; i-læfe, SD; i-leave, SD; i-leuen, pl., S.—AS. ge-léafa; cp. OHG. giloubo (Otfrid).

I-leuen, v. to believe, S, S2; ilef, imp. s., S.—AS. ge-léfan, ge-líefan: Goth. ga-laubjan; cp. OHG. gi-louben (Otfrid). Cf. Yleuen.

Ilich, adj. like, S; iliche, S; ylyche, S2; ylike, S3; ilik, S; ilikest, superl., S.—AS. ge-líc.

Iliche, adv. alike, S; ilyche, S; yliche, C2; ylyke, C2; eliche, S3; elyk, S3; ȝelice, S.—AS. ge-líce. Cf. Aliche.

Iliche, sb. an equal, likeness, S; ilike, S.

Ilke, adj. the same, S, G, C3, S2, S3, C2, H; ilk, H; ilce, S; ulke, S; yche, S2.—AS. ilca (ylca) = í-lic; with i- cp. Goth. ei, Lat. i- in i-dem, see Grimm, German Grammar, 3. 50, Fick, 3. 728.

Ille, adj., sb. bad, ill, S; ylle, S2; þe ille, the evil one, i.e. the devil, S. Comb.: il torned, perverse, S2.—Icel. íllr (illr).

Ille, adv. badly, S, HD.

Ille, v. to make wicked; illid, pt. pl., H.—Icel. ílla, to harm.

Illuster, adj. illustrious, JD; illustare, S3.—OF. illustre; Lat. illustrem.

I-lokien, v. to observe, S; iloken, S.—AS. ge-lócian.

I-lome, adv. frequently, S, S2; ylome, S2.—AS. ge-lóme. Cf. Lome.

I-lomp, pt. s. happened, S; see Ȝelimpen.

I-long, adv. S, NED (p. 250); longe, S2. Phr.: al ilong of, entirely belonging to, dependent on, owing to, S; long on, C3, S2; all long of, long of, Sh.—AS. gelang, belonging, depending, gelang on, gelang æt, because of, owing to. Cf. A-long. (A- 6.)

I-loten, pp. befallen, S.—AS. ge-hloten, pp. of ge-hléotan, to share. See I-leoten.

I-melen, v. to speak, S.—AS. ge-mǽlan.

I-membred, pp. parti-coloured, S.—Cp. OF. membre (Cotg.), and see Ducange (s.v. membrare). See Membre.

I-mene, adj. common, S.—AS. ge-mǽne.

I-mid, in the midst, S2; i-middes, S.

I-mong, prep. among, S, SD; imange, S2.—AS. ge-mang; see NED (s.v. among).

Impayable, adj. implacable, H. (In- 3.)

Impne, sb. hymn, Prompt.; imne, Prompt.; ympne, W, CM; ympnes, pl., W2; ympnys, HD.—OF. ymne (Ps. 64. 1); Lat. hymnus (Vulg.); Gr. ὕμνος.

Importable, adj. intolerable, C2.—Lat. importabilis. (In- 3.)

In-, prefix (1), representing the Eng. prep. in. See In.

In-, prefix (2), standing for the Latin prefix in-, which is the prep. in in composition.

In-, prefix (3), the negative Latin prefix in-, equivalent to Eng. un-. See Un-.

In, sb. dwelling, lodging, abode, S, S3, C2, C3; hin, S; ynne, S3; inne, dat., S.—AS. inn.

In, prep. in, into, on, S, S2, PP; hin, S; I, S, SD. Comb.: in-fere, together, MD (p. 104), C3, S2, S3; yfere, S2, S3, C2; in feere, G; iuere, S; iferen, S; i-whils, while, H; ywhils, H; ewhils, H; in-like, in like manner, H; in-lich, inly, SD; i-mid, in the midst, S2; imiddes, S; ymydis, H; in-mongez, among, S2; itwix, betwixt, meanwhile, H; in-with, within, S, C2, B.

Inche, sb. inch, Prompt., Cath.; enches, pl., S3.—AS. ynce (SkD); Lat. uncia, ounce, inch. Cf. Ounce.

Incontinent, adj. incontinent; adv. immediately, S3, Sh. (In- 3.)

Influence, sb. influence of the planets, SkD.—OF. influence (Cotg.); Late Lat. influentia. (In- 2.)

Influent, adj. possessing influence (astrology), S3.—Lat. influentem, pr. p. of influere, to flow into. (In- 2.)

Inforce, v. reflex. to strive, S3. (In- 2.)

Infortunat, adj. unlucky, S2, C3. (In- 3.)

Infortune, sb. misfortune, C2. (In- 3.)

Ingot, sb. mould for pouring metals into, C3, SkD. (In- 1.)

In-hinen, sb. pl. indoor-members of a household, S. See Hine.

In-like, in like manner, H.

Inne, prep., adv. into, in, S, S2, PP, C2; ine, S, S2; ynne, S2; inre, adj. comp., inner, S; inerere, pl., H; innresst, superl., S; innemest, SkD; ynneste, W2.—AS. inne, comp. innera, superl. innemest, see Sievers, 314.

Inne, dat. of In, sb.

Innen, prep. within, into, SD, S.—AS. innan.

Innen, v. to lodge, C; ynnen, C.—AS. innian.

Innoð, sb. womb, S.—AS. innoð.

Inobedience, sb. disobedience, S, W.—Late Lat. inobedientia (Vulg.). (In- 3.)

Inobedient, adj. disobedient, S2.—Late Lat. inobedientem (Vulg.). (In- 3.)

Inoh, enough, S; innoh, S; inow, S; inouh, S; inou, S2; inoȝe, S; inoȝh, S; inough, C; innoghe, S2; inouwe, pl., S2; see Ynow.

Inpassyble, adj. incapable of suffering, H. (In- 3.)

Inpossible, adj. impossible, S2, PP.—Late Lat. impossibilis (in-). (In- 3.)

In-ras, sb. inroad, H. (In- 1.)

Inunctment, sb. ointment, S3.—From Lat. inunctus, pp. of in-ungere, to anoint. (In- 2.)

In-with, within, S, C2, B.

In-wyt, sb. conscience, consciousness, S2; inwit, PP; ynwitt, PP.—AS. inwit, craft. (In- 1.)

I-orne, pp. run, S; see Rennen.

Ipotaynes, sb. pl. hippopotamuses, S2.

I-queme, v. to please, S; see I-cwemen.

Irchon, sb. hedghog, S2; urchon, Prompt.; urchone, Palsg.; urchin, Sh.; vrchuns, pl., H; irchouns, W2.—OF. ireçon, ereçon; Late Lat. *ericionem, from Lat. ericius, from hēr; cp. Gr. χήρ, hedghog, see SkD (s.v. formidable).

Iren, sb. iron, S, Cath.; yren, C3, PP; irun, W2; yrun, W, W2; yre, S2; yrens, pl., P; yrnes, P.—OMerc. íren (OET): WS. ísern: OHG. ísarn; cp. OIr. iarn: Gaulish ísarnos.

Iren, adj. iron, ferreus, SD, Cath.; irnene, pl., S.—OMerc. íren: WS. ísern, see OET.

I-reste, sb. rest, S.—AS. ge-rest.

Irisse, adj. Irish, S; Yrisse, S; Irish, S; Ersche, S3.—AS. írisc.

Is, pr. s. is, S; his, S, S2; es, S, S2, H; esse, S2.—AS. is.

Ische, v. to issue, cause to issue, JD; isch, B; ischit, pt. s., S3, B.—OF. issir; Lat. ex-ire.

I-secgan, v. to confess; isecgð, pr. s., S.—AS. ge-secgan.

I-sechen, v. to seek; isoȝte, pt. pl., S.—AS. ge-sécan.

I-selðe, sb. happiness, S.—AS. ge-sǽlð. See Selðe.

I-sene, adj. evident, seen, S; y-sene, S3, C.—AS. gesýne. Cf. Sene.

I-seon, v. to see, S; i-seo, S2; i-sien, S; y-se, S2; i-si, S; y-zi, S2; i-se, S2; y-zy, S2; i-seonne, ger., S; i-seo, 1 pr. s., S; i-seoð, pr. s., S; i-seȝð, S; i-sihð, S; i-sið, S; i-sist, 2 pr. s., S; i-sæh, pt. s., S; i-seh, S; i-seih, S; i-seyh, S; i-sey, S2; i-seȝ, S; i-sei, S2; y-sey, S2; i-zeȝ, 1 pt. s., S2; i-seȝe þe, 2 pt. s., S2; i-seien, pl., S; i-seyen, S; i-seȝe, S, S2; i-saye, S2; y-zeȝen, S2; i-sehen, pp., S; i-seien, S; y-seye, S2; y-soȝe, S2; y-zoȝe, S2.—AS. ge-séon.

I-set, pp. said, S (3a. 93); see Seggen.

I-sihðe, sb. sight, S; ȝesecðe, S.—AS. ge-sihð.

Isle, sb. glowing ashes, favilla, HD; isyl, Prompt.; iselle, Cath.; easle, HD; ysels, pl., HD; useles, Trevisa, 4. 431; usellez, S2; iselen, dat., SD, Cath. (n).—Icel. usli; cp. MHG. üsele (G. üssel). The same stem us- is found in Lat. us-ere (urere), to burn.

I-some, adj. agreed, peaceable, S.—AS. ge-sóm.

I-soȝte, pt. s., sought; see I-sechen.

Isturbed, pp. disturbed, S.—OF. estorber; Lat. ex- + turbare.

I-swink, sb. toil, S.—AS. ge-swinc.

I-þank, sb. thought, intention, S.

I-þenchen, v. to think, S; i-þohten, pt. pl., S.—AS. ge-þencan.

I-þeȝ, pt. s. thrived, S2; see Theen.

I-þolien, v. to endure, S.—AS. ge-þolian.

I-þoncked, adj. minded, S.

I-tiden, v. to betide, S; itit, pr. s., S; ityt, S.—AS. ge-tídan.

I-timien, v. to happen, S.—AS. ge-tímian; cp. Icel. tíma.

I-twix, meanwhile, H.

I-uaid, pp. hated, S; see I-fæied.

I-ueied, pp. joined, S; see Feȝen.

I-ueiþed, pp. treated with enmity, S. See Fede.

Iuel, adj. evil, S, W2, S2. See Uuel.

I-uelen, v. to feel, S.—AS. ge-félan.

Iuen, sb. ivy, Cath.; yven, Cath. (n); ivin, HD, EDS (C. vi).—AS. ífegn (Voc.).

I-uere, sb. companion, S; see I-fere.

Iui, sb. ivy, S; ive, S3.—AS. ífig.

I-uo, v. to take, S; see I-fon.

I-ureden, v. to hurt, injure, S.—ME. i-ureden = i-wreden = i-werden; AS. ge-werdan, ge-wyrdan (BT). See Werd.

I-war, adj. aware, wary, S, PP; ywar, PP.—AS. ge-wær. See War.

I-whilc, adj. every, S.—AS. ge-hwilc.

I-whils, adv. while, H.

I-wil, sb. will, S.—AS. ge-will.

I-wis, adv. truly, certainly, S, PP, S2; iwiss, S; iwys, G; ywis, S, S2, C2; ywys, S2, PP; ywisse, PP; iwisse, S3. Comb.: wel ywisse, S; mid iwisse, S.—AS. ge-wiss, certain, formed from wisse, pt. of witan, see Sievers, 232 d.

I-witen, v. to know, S, S2; i-wyten, S; y-witen, S2; i-wiste, pt. s., S.—AS. ge-witan.

I-witen, v. to protect, S. See Witen.

I-woned, pp. accustomed, S, S2; y-woned, S2; i-wuned, S; woned, S, S3; wont, S3; wunt, S2; woonted, S3.—AS. ge-wunod, pp. of ge-wunian, to dwell, to be accustomed. See Wonen.

I-wune, sb. custom, S.—AS. ge-wuna. Cf. Wone.

I-wurðen, v. to become, to happen, S; i-worðe, S; y-worðe, P, S2; i-worðe, pp., S.—AS. ge-weorðan.

I (consonant).

[For words in which initial I is a vowel see under I (vowel) above.]

Iacynte, sb. jacinth, SkD; iacynct, SkD; jacint, Cotg.; iacinctus, W (Rev. 21. 20); jagounce, HD; iacynctis, pl., W2 (= Heb. tarshish).—OF. jacinthe (Cotg.); Lat. hyacinthus (Vulg.); Gr. ὑάκινθος (NT); cp. OF. jagonce.

Iagge, v. to jag, notch, Prompt., Palsg.; jag, HD; jaggede, pt. s., HD; jaggde, pp. pl., S3; jaggede, HD.

Iagge, sb. a jag of cloth, Prompt.

Ialous, adj. jealous, C2, C3.—OF. jalous; Late Lat. zelōsum, from Lat. zelus; Gr. ζῆλος, zeal.

Ialousye, sb. jealousy, PP, C2, C3; ielesye, PP.—OF. jalousie.

Iambeux, sb. pl. armour for the legs, C2, HD; giambeux, ND.—Cp. OF. jambiere, armour for a leg (Cotg.), from jambe, leg: It. gamba (Florio).

Iane, sb. a small coin of Genoa, ND, C2, HD.—See Ducange (s.v. januini).

Iangle, v. to jangle, chatter, murmur, argue, quarrel, S2, PP, Sh., S3, C2, C3; gangle, SkD; iangland, pr. p., S2, H.—OF. jangler, to jest, mock (Bartsch).

Ianglere, sb. brawler, wrangler, W2; prater, chatterer, H; iangeler, story-teller, S2, PP; iangelere, Prompt.

Iape, sb. joke, jest, mockery, PP, S3, C2, C3, Prompt.; iapes, pl., S2.

Iapen, v. to jest, mock, play tricks, act the buffoon, PP, C2, C3; iapede, pt. s., S2.—OF. japper, to yapp (of dogs), Cotg.

Iaper, sb. jester, buffoon, PP, Prompt.; iapers, pl., S2.

Iargoun, sb. jargon, S2; jergon, SkD.—OF. jargon.

Iaunys, sb. the yellow disease, jaundice, S2, SkD, HD; iawnes, Cath., HD, Voc.; jaundys, Cath. (n); jandis, Voc.—OF. jaunisse, from jaune, gaune, yellow; Lat. galbinum, from galbus.

Ieaunt, sb. giant, PP, S2; see Geaunt.

Ielesye, sb. jealousy, PP; see Ialosye.

Ielofer, sb. gillyflower, S3; see Gerraflour.

Iemis, sb. pl. gems, S3; see Gemme.

Iennet, sb. a small Spanish horse, S3; see Genette.

Ient-man, sb. gentleman, S3. See Gent.

Ieoperdie, sb. jeopardy, S3; see Iupartie.

Ierkin, sb. jerkin, jacket, S3.—Cp. Du. jurk, a frock.

Iesseraunt, sb. a coat or cuirass of fine mail, HD; gesserant, S3; gesseron, S3.—OF. jazerant (Ducange), jazeran, iaseran (Cotg.), jazerenc (Roland); cp. It. ghiazzerino (Florio).

Iette, sb. jet, SkD; jet, SkD; geet, C; geete, Prompt.; gett, Prompt.—OF. jet, jaet; Lat. gagatem. See Gagates.

Iette, sb. fashion, custom, PP, Palsg.; gette, Palsg.; iutte, rude slight, S3; jet, a device, HD; get, Prompt., SkD (jet), C, C3.

Ietten, v. to throw out, to fling about the body, to strut about, SkD, Prompt., Palsg.; getten, Prompt.; ietting, pr. p., S3.—OF. jetter (getter), jecter (gecter); Lat. iactare, freq. of iacĕre, to throw.

Iewe, sb. Jew, PP; Iewes, pl., PP; Geus, S; Gius, S; Gyus, S.—AF. Geu, OF. Jueu, Judeu; Lat. Iudæum.

Iewise, sb.; see Iuwise.

Iogelen, v. to juggle, play false, PP, Prompt.; iuglen, S3, SkD.

Iogelour, sb. buffoon, juggler, CM, C2, PP; ioguloure, Prompt., iogulor, deceiver, H; iuguler, Cath.; iuglur, S.—AF. jugleör; Lat. ioculatorem.

Ioie, sb. joy, S, C2; joye, S, S2, C2, PP.—AF. joie, OF. goie; Lat. gaudia, pl. of gaudium, rejoicing.

Ioien, v. to rejoice, W2, PP.

Ioist, v. to put out cattle to graze at a fixed rate, to agist cattle, HD, EDS (C. vi); jyst, EDS (C. xxvi); ioyst, pp., lodged (of cattle), S2.—OF. gister, to lodge, from giste, a place to lie in, a pp. form of gesir; Lat. iacēre, to lie; see NED (s.v. agist).

Iolif, adj. gay, merry, C, H, PP; iolef, S2; ioli, W2, PP; joly, C2.—AF. jolyf, jolif.

Iolifte, sb. amusement, enjoyment, joviality, H; iolitee, C2, C3.—OF. jolivete.

Iolily, adv. merrily, G.

Iolynesse, sb. festivity, C, C2.

Iorne, sb. journey, S2; jornay, S2; see Iourne.

Iouisaunce, sb. enjoyment, S3.—OF. jouissance (Cotg.), from OF. joïr: Prov. gaudir; Lat. gaudere.

Iourne, sb. a day’s work or travel, PP; iornay, S2; jurneie, SkD; iourney, S3, C2; iornes, pl., S2; iournes, H (Ps. 22. 9).—OF. jornee, journée, a day, a day’s journey, a fixed day (cp. AF. jorneie, day on which a court is held); Low Lat. jornata, *diurnata, from Lat. diurnus.

Iousten, v. to approach, encounter, to joust, tilt, PP, CM; iusten, C3.—OF. jouster (joster), juster; Late Lat. juxtare, to approach, from Lat. iuxta.

Iouster, sb. champion, PP.

Ioustes, sb. pl. tournaments, CM.—AF. joustes.

Ioutes, sb. pl. a food made from herbs, broth, P, HD, Prompt. (n); iowtes, lap-pates, Cath., Prompt. (n); iowtys, potage, Prompt.; jutes, Voc.; eowtus, Prompt. (n).—OF. ioute, ‘olera’ (Ps. 36. 2); Low Lat. jūta, ‘awilled meolc’ (Voc.); jutta (Ducange); prob. of Celtic origin, cp. Breton iot, porridge, Wel. uwd, OIr. íth, see Rhys, Lectures on Welsh Philology, p. 7.

For other cognates of this wide-spread word, see Kluge (s.v. jauche). See also s.v. käse, where Kluge remarks that Icel. ostr, cheese, and Finnish juusto, cheese, are etymologically connected with G. jauche, and Latin jus.

Ioynen, v. to join, PP, C3; joyneaunt, pr. p., joining, S3.—OF. joindre (pr. p. joignant); Lat. iungere.

Ioynturis, sb. pl. joinings, W; ioyntours, W.—OF. jointure; Lat. iunctura (Vulg.).

Iuge, sb. judge, S2, Voc., C2, C3; jugge, C; jugges, pl., P; juges, S3.—AF. juge; Lat. iudicem.

Iugement, sb. judgment, S2, C2, C3; juggement, C.—AF. jugement.

Iugen, v. to judge, decide, PP; iugge, PP, CM.—OF. juger; Lat. iudicare.

Iugge-man, sb. judge, G.

Iuglen, v. to juggle, S3; see Iogelen.

Iuguler, sb. buffoon, Cath.; see Iogelour.

Iugulynge, sb. juggling, S3.

Iumpred, sb. mourning, S2.—AS. géomer + rǽden. See Ȝemer.

Iunglenges, sb. pl., disciples, S; see Ȝonglyng.

Iupartie, sb. jeopardy, CM, C3; Ieoperdie, S3; jeobertie, HD.—OF. jeu parti, a divided game, a poetical discussion (Bartsch); Late Lat. jocus partitus (Ducange).

Ius, sb. juice, S2, HD.—OF. jus; Lat. ius, broth.

Iusten, v. to joust, C3; see Iousten.

Iustlen, v. to jostle, push, S3.

Iutes, broth; see Ioutes.

Iutte, sb. a piece of scornful behaviour, S3; see Iette.

Iuuente, sb. youth, S2, PP.—OF. jovente (Bartsch); Lat. iuventa.

Iuwise, sb. judgment, PP; iuwyse, CM, C; iewise, HD; iewis, PP; iuyse, C3; iuise, HD.—AF. juise; Lat. iudicium.

K.

K-; see also under C-.

Kacherel, sb. bailiff, S2; see Cacherel.

Kærf, pt. s. cut, carved, S; see Keruen.

Kairen, v. to go, P; see Kayren.

Kaiser, sb. Cæsar, emperor; cayser, MD; caysere, MD; caisere, MD; kaysere, S; kayser, S2; keiser, S; keysar, S3.—Cp. Goth. kaisar; Lat. Caesar.

Kale, sb. cabbage, cale, H; see Cole.

Karf, pt. s. cut, S; see Keruen.

Kateyl, sb. property, S2; see Catel.

Kayren, v. to go, move oneself, S2, MD; kairen, P; cair, to drive backward and forwards, JD.—Icel. keyra, to impel, drive.

Kechyn, sb. kitchen, S2; see Kuchene.

Kedde, pt. made known, S; see Kythen.

Kele, v. to cool, W, S2, H, PP.—AS. célan.

Keling, sb. a large kind of cod, MD, HD, S2 (s.v. lobbe); kelynge, MD; keeling, JD.—Cp. Icel. keila, ‘gadus.’

Kemben, v. to comb, S, C2, PP; kemyn, Prompt.; kempt, pp., MD.—AS. cemban. See Combe.

Kemelyn, sb. tub, CM.

Kempe, sb. warrior, S, MD, Cath.—AS. cempa, Icel. kempa: OHG. chemphio, also kempho (Tatian); Late Lat. campio, from Lat. campus. See Camp.

Kempe, adj. shaggy, rough, C, CM; campe, C (p. 155), EETS (1).

Kempster, sb. f. flax-comber, Palsg.; kemster, Voc. See Kemben.

Ken, sb. pl. cows, S2; see Cow.

Kende, adj. natural, kind, S2; see Kynde.

Kende, sb. race, kind, S2; see Kynde.

Kendeliche, adv. naturally, S2; see Kyndely.

Kendlen, v.; see Kindlen.

Kene, adj. bold, keen, sharp, Prompt., S, C2; keyn, MD; kenre, comp., MD; kennest, superl., MD.—AS. céne; OTeut. *kōnī; cp. OHG. kuani (Otfrid), chuoni.

Kenne, sb. dat. kin, S, S2; see Kyn.

Kennen, v. to beget, engender, to bring forth, to be born, MD, PP; y-kend, pp., S2; kenned, MD.—AS. cennan, to beget, conceive, bring forth; OS. kennian, to beget, causal from OTeut. root KAN, to generate, see Kluge (s.v. kina).

Kennen, v. to show, declare, teach, S2, PP, SkD (s.v. ken), Prompt., H; kende, pt. s., S2.—AS. cennan, to make to know: Goth. kannjan = *kannian, causal of OTeut. KANN, base of *KONNAN, to know.

Kennen, v. to know, SkD. (s.v. ken); ken, S3, JD; kend, pt. pl., S3; kend, pp., S3.—Icel. kenna, to know. See above.

Keoruen, v. to carve, S; see Keruen.

Kepe, sb. heed, S2, S3, C2; kep, S3.

Kepen, v. to keep, mark, observe, regard, S, S2, S3, C2; keped, pt. s., S2; kipte, S2.—AS. cépan, later form of cýpan (= céapian), see Sievers, 97.

AS. cépan, to keep, should be kept quite distinct from AS. cýpan, to sell. AS. cýpan is the phonetic representative of OTeut. kaupjan, whereas cépan, to keep, represents an OTeut. *kōpjan. Cp. E. keen, the representative of AS. céne, OTeut. *kōni (G. kühn). See Kluge’s note in P. & B. Beiträge, viii. 538.

Keppen, sb. pl. caps, S; see Cappe.

Kernel, sb. a loophole in a fortress, a battlement, PP; crenelle, HD; kyrnellis, pl., S3; kirnelis, PP.—OF. crenel, from cren (cran), a notch; Lat. crena.

Kerneled, adj. furnished with battlements, P.

Kertel, sb.; see Kirtel.

Keruen, v. to carve, MD, Prompt., S, C2; keoruen, MD, S; cærf, pt. s., MD; kærf, S; kerf, MD; karf, MD, S; carf, C2; curuen, pl., MD; coruen, pp., MD, S3, C; icoruen, S3; y-coruen, S3, C3; y-koruen, C2; i-koruen, S; kerued, S3.—AS. ceorfan, pt. cearf (pl. curfon), pp. corfen.

Kesse, v. to kiss, S, C2; see Cussen.

Keste, v. to cast, S2; see Casten.

Kete, adj. bold, lively, gay, powerful, MD, S2, PP; ket, irascible, JD.—Cp. Icel. kátr, merry, Dan. kaad.

Kete-lokes, sb. pl. trefoil, H; see Cat-cluke.

Keuel, sb. a bit for a horse, a gag, a small piece of wood used in casting lots, MD, H, S; kevyl, Prompt.; cavel, JD; kevelles, pl., MD; caflis, MD, JD.—Icel. kefli.

Keueren, v. to recover one’s health, MD, PP; keuord, pt. s., H; see Coveren.

Keueringe, sb. recovery, S2.

Keye, sb. key; kay, MD; cays, pl., MD; keis, S; keiȝes, S2.—AS. cæg.

Kidde, pt. s. made known, S, P; pp., S; kid, S; see Kythen.

Kidnere, sb. kidney, SkD; kydney, Voc.—Icel. kviðr, belly + nýra, kidney. See Nere.

Kien, sb. pl. cows, W2; see Cow.

Kiken, v. to kick, MD, W; kycke, Palsg.—Cp. kiken, kiksen in G. dialects.

Kime, sb. coming, S.—AS. cyme. See Come.

Kindle, sb. offspring, brood, MD; kundel, MD; kyndlis, pl., MD.

Kindlen, v. to bear young, S; kyndlyn, Prompt.; kendlen, MD; kundlen, MD; i-kindled, pp., S. See Kynde.

Kindlen, v. to set fire to, MD; kyndlen, C; kinlen, MD.

Kine- (used in compounds), royal; see below.—AS. cyne.

Kine-boren, adj. of royal birth, MD; kineborne, S.—AS. cyne-boren.

Kine-dom, sb. kingdom, MD, S, S2.—AS. cyne-dóm.

Kine-helm, sb. royal helmet, crown, MD.—AS. cyne-helm.

Kine-lond, sb. kingdom, S, MD.

Kine-merk, sb. royal mark; kynemerk, S.

Kine-riche, sb. kingdom, rule, MD; cynerice, S.—AS. cyne-ríce.

Kine-scrud, sb. royal robes, S.

Kine-stol, sb. throne, S.—AS. cynestól.

Kine-þeod, sb. subjects of a king, MD.

Kine-wurðe, adj. royal, S, MD.

Kine-ȝerde, sb. sceptre, MD.—AS. cyne-gerd (Voc.).

King, sb. king, MD, S; kyng, S; kyngene, pl. gen., S2, PP.—AS. cyning: OS. kuning.

Kingdom, sb. kingdom, MD.

Kinghed, sb. Kingship, PP.

King-riche, sb. kingdom, S, MD; kingrike, S2; kyngrike, H; kyngriche, P.

Kipte, pt. s. received, S2; see Kepen.

Kirke, sb. church, S, S2, P; see Chirche.

Kirnel, sb. loop-hole, PP; see Kernel.

Kirtel, sb. kirtle, a short gown or petticoat, tunic, S3, P, CM; kurtel, S; cortel, MD; kirrtell, MD; kirtil, H; kyrtyl, S2; kertel, MD; kirtel, S3, P; curtel, MD.

Kist, sb. chest, coffin, MD; cyst, Voc.; kyst, S2; kiste, S2; kyste, S2, PP; cyste, munificentia, Voc.; chist, MD.—AS. cist; Lat. cista; Gr. κίστη.—Cf. Chest.

Kith, sb. one’s country, PP; see Kyth.

Kithen, v. to make known, S, S2; see Kythen.

Kithing, sb. telling, S2.

Kitlen, v. to tickle; kittle, HD, JD; kytlys, pr. s., S3. See below.

Kitlynge, sb. tickling, H; kitellynge, MD, HD.—AS. kitelung, ‘titillatio’ (Voc.).

Kitoun, sb. kitten, P; kyton, PP.

Kitte, pt. s. cut, S2, C2, C3; kittide, W; see Kutten.

Kitte-pors, sb. thief, PP; see Cut-purs.

Kittingis, sb. pl. cuttings, W.

Kleþing, sb. clothing, S2. See Cloth.

Knack, sb. a snap, crack, a jester’s trick, a trifle, toy, SkD, MD; knakkes, pl., CM; knackes, S3.

Knaing, sb. knowing, acquaintance, S2; see Knowen.

Knap, v. to snap, break with a noise, SkD; imp. s., strike (the bell), S3.—Cp. G. knappen, to crack.

Knappes, sb. pl. knobs, S2, P; see Knoppe.

Knarre, sb. a knot in wood, SkD (s.v. gnarled), C, CM.—Cp. MDu. cnorre, Du. knor, a knurl.

Knarry, adj. full of knots, C.

Knaue, sb. a boy-baby, boy, servant, knave, S, S2, C2; cnafe, MD; cnaue, MD.—AS. cnafa; cp. OHG. chnabe (G. knabe).

Knaue-child, sb. a male child, W.

Knawe, v. to know, S2; see Knowen.

Knawen, pp. gnawed, S3; see Gnawen.

Kne, sb. knee, S, S2; cneowe, dat., S; cnouwe, S; knes, pl., S; kneon, S; knowes, C2, P.—AS. cnéow (cnéo).

Kneden, v. to knead, Voc., Palsg.; cneden, S, MD; knodyn, pp., MD; knodon, Prompt.; kned, CM; knodden, HD.—AS. cnedan, pp. cnoden (cneden), see SkD.

Knelen, v. to kneel, S; knely, S2; kneolen, PP; knewlen, pr. pl., PP.—Cp. Low G. knélen.

Knelyng, sb. kneeling, PP; cnelinng, S; knewelyng, S.

Kneon, sb. pl. knees, S; see Kne.

Knippen, v. to nip, break off the edge; nippen, SkD; nyppen, PP; knyp, pp., S3.—Cp. Du. knippen, to crack, snap.

Kniȝt, sb. knight, soldier, armed retainer, S, S2; knict, S; knyht, S; knyght, C3; cnihtes, pl., S; knictes, S; knyhtes, S; knyȝtis, W, W2; kniȝtes, S; cnihten, S.—AS. cniht; cp. OHG. kneht, ‘puer’ (Tatian), ‘miles, discipulus’ (Otfrid).

Kniȝten, v. to knight, S.

Kniȝthod, sb. knighthood, S; knyghthode, dat., C2; knighthede, C; knyȝthod, army, warfare, W, W2.

Knoppe, sb. knob, buckle, bud, MD, Prompt., Cath., Palsg., S3; knobbe, C; knappes, pl., S2, P; knoppes, CM, PP.—Cp. Dan. knop.

Knopped, adj. full of knobs, S3.

Knotte, sb. knot, C2, PP, Prompt., S3.—AS. cnotta.

Knowen, v. to know, MD; knawe, S2; cnawen, S; knaa, HD; cnoweð, pr. s., S; kneuȝ, pt. s., S2; knewen, pl., S; i-cnawen, pp., S; ȝe-cnowe, S; y-cnowen, S3; y-knowe, S2; knowun, W; cnowen, S2; knawen, S2; knawin, S3.—AS. cnáwan, pt. cnéow, pp. cnáwen.

Knowes, sb. pl. knees, C2, P; see Kne.

Knowleche, sb. knowledge, MD; knouleche, acquaintance (= Lat. notos), W; knawlache, MD; knawlage, MD; knowlych, S2. See -leȝȝc.

Knowlechen, v. to acknowledge, S2, W2, P; cnawlechen, MD; knouleche, W; knoulechide, pt. s., W; knowlechiden, pl., W.

Knowleching, sb. the acknowledging, C3; cnawlechunge, S; knaulechynge, S2; knowleching, C3; knoulechyng, W2.

Knucche, sb. small bundle, MD, Cath. (n); knyche, Cath.; knitch, JD; knytchis, pl., W.—Cp. G. knocke (Kluge).

Knytten, v. to knit, bind, Prompt., S2, C3, PP; knutte, pt. s., MD; knette, MD; knitte, C3; knyt, pp., MD; knit, C2.—AS. cnyttan. See Knotte.

Ko, pt. s. quoth, S3; see Koth.

Kokewolde, sb. cuckold, P; see Cokewold.

Kole-plantes, sb. pl. cabbages, P; see Cole.

Kollen, v. to embrace, S2; see Collen.

Kon, pt. pr. can, S; see Kunnen.

Konning, sb. skill, C2; see Conning.

Konyng, sb. cony, rabbit, S; see Conyng.

Koth, pt. s. quoth, S3; cothe, MD; see Queðen.

Koude, pt. s. knew, W2; see Kunnen.

Kouren, v. to cower, S2; couren, MD.—Icel. kúra, to sit quiet; cp. G. kauern, see Weigand.

Kourte-by, sb. short coat, P; see Courte-py.

Kouthe, pt. s. could, S; pp. S2; see Kunnen.

Kraghan, sb. burnt grass = cremium, dry fire-wood, H; crakan, Cath.—Cp. North.E. crack, to make a noise (JD).

Krake, sb. crow, H; crake, Cath.; krakis, pl., H.—Icel. krákr.

Kremelen, v. to anoint with oil or fat; kremelyd, pp., MD; see Cremelen.

Krike, sb. creek, S; see Crike.

Krune, sb. crown, S; see Corone.

Ku, sb. cow, S; see Cow.

Kuchene, sb. kitchen, S; kychene, MD; kechyn, S2; kychens, pl., S3.—AS. cycene.

Kud, pp. made known, S2; i-kud, S; see Kunnen.

Kudde, pt. s. made known, S2; kude, pl., S; see Kunnen.

Kude, pt. pl. could, S; see Kunnen.

Kueade, adj. dat. bad, S2; see Quad.

Kulle, v. to strike, to kill, P, MD; kylle, Cath.; kyllyn, Prompt.; colen, MD; culle, P.—The word means properly to knock on the head; cp. Norweg. kylla, to poll, to cut the shoots off trees, from koll, the top, head; Icel. kollr, head, crown.

Kumen, v. to come, S; see Comen.

Kun, v. to get to know, to learn, H; see Conne.

Kun, sb. kin, S2; kunnes, gen., S2; kunne, dat., S, S2; see Kyn.

Kunde, adj. natural, kind, S2; see Kynde.

Kunde, sb. kind, race, nature, S2; see Kynde.

Kundel, sb. offspring, MD.

Kundite, sb. a conduit, S3; see Conduit.

Kunes-men, sb. pl. kinsmen, S, S2; see Kynes-man.

Kunnen, v. to know, to know how, to be able, S, S3, W2, CM; cunnen, S, S2; conne, S, S3, P; cun, H; con, pt. pr., S; kon, S; can, S, S2; kan, S, S2; con, can, used as auxil., S2; canstu, 2 pr. s., with pron., S; canstow, S2; cuðe, pt. s., S; kuðe, S; couthe, S, S2, S3; cowthe, G; couȝðe, S2; cuth, S2; coude, S2; cowde, G; koude, W2; couȝde, S2; kouthen, pl., S; kude, S; cuð, pp., S (17 b. 161); kuð, S; couth, C2; couðe, S2; kouthe, S2.—AS. cunnan, pt. cúðe, pp. cúð (used as adj.).

Kun-rede, sb. kindred, S; see Kynrede.

Kuppe, sb. cup, S; see Cuppe.

Kussen, v. to kiss, S; see Cussen.

Kut, sb. lot, a cut twig, H; see Cut.

Kuth, sb. kith, friends, PP.

Kuðe, pt. s., could, knew, S; see Kunnen.

Kutthe, country, PP; see Kyth.

Kuþþes, sb. pl. manners, S2, HD, MD; see Kyth.

Kutten, v. to cut, MD, CM; kitt, MD; kut, pt. s., MD; kitte, S2, C2, C3; kittide, W, MD; ketten, pl., P; kyt, pp., W; kit, W.

Kuueren, v. to recover one’s health, S2; see Coveren.

Kuynde, adj. natural, S2, PP; see Kynde.

Kwene, sb. queen, S; see Quene.

Ky, sb. pl. cows, S3; see Cow.

Kychen, sb. kitchen, S3; see Kuchene.

Kyn, sb. pl. cows, S2, C; see Cow.

Kyn, sb. kin, kind, generation, S, W, MD; kun, S2; kin, S, S2, C2; cun, MD, S; kunnes, gen., S2; cunne, dat., S; kunne, S, S2; kenne, S, S2; kynne, P.—AS. cynn: OS. kunni, OHG. kunni (Otfrid): Goth. kuni: from Teut. base *KONYA, from root KAN.

Kynde, adj. natural, kind, S2, S3, P; kunde, S2, MD; cunde, MD; kinde, S; kende, S2, PP; kuynde, S2, PP.—AS. cynde.

Kynde, sb. kind, nature, race, children, natural disposition, PP, S2, S3, C2, C3, W; kunde, S2; cunde, S; kinde, S. S2; kende, S2; kynd, S3.—AS. (ge)cynd.

Kyndely, adj. natural, kindly, MD; kyndli, W; kyndly, Cath.; kundeliche, MD.—AS. cyndelic.

Kyndely, adv. naturally, kindly, S2; kyndli, W; kindely, S2; kindelike, S; kendeliche, S2; kuyndeliche, S2, PP; cundeliche, S.—AS. cyndelice.

Kyndlyn, v. to bear young, Prompt.; see Kindlen.

Kyndlyngis, sb. pl. brood, litter of beasts, W.

Kynes-man, sb. kinsman, MD; cunesmon, S; kunesmen, pl., S, S2.

Kynrede, sb. kindred, S3, W2, C; kunrede, S; kynredyn, H; kinredis, pl., W; cunreadnes, pl., S.—AS. cynn + rǽden, condition.

Kysse, sb. kiss, Palsg.—From AS. cysan. See Cussen.

Kyth, sb. one’s country, native land, relatives, kith, friends, PP, S2; kith, PP; kuth, PP; cuth, PP; kutthe, PP; kitthe, PP; cuððe, S, PP; couthe, PP; kythez, pl., S2; ceðen, S; cheðen, S; kuþþes, manners, S2.—AS. cýððu (cýð): OHG. cundida, race, kinship; see Sievers, 255.

Kythen, v. to make known, MD, C2, C3, PP, S3; kiðen, S, S2; cuðen, S; couthe, MD, PP; couth, pr. s., P; kydde, pt. s., PP; kidde, PP, S; kudde, S2; cudde, S; kedde, S, MD; kyd, S2; kid, MD; kydst, 2 pt. s., S3; i-kud, pp., S; kud, S2; kyd, S2; kid, S; kidde (as adj.), S.—AS. (ge)cýðan: OS. kúðian; OHG. kundjan, also kunden (Otfrid).

L.

La, interj. lo!, S; lo, W2 (Ps. 67. 34).—AS. lá. Comb.: la hwure, at least, S.

Laas, sb. snare, C, C3; see Las.

Labbe, sb. he that can keep no counsel, Prompt., CM; lab, a blab, tittle-tattle, HD.

Labben, v. to blab, babble, PP; labbing, pr. p., C2.—Cp. Du. labben, to blab.

Labbyng, adj. blabbing, CM.

Lacchen, v. to catch, seize, snatch, PP; lauhte, pt. s. seized, practised, PP; lauȝte, PP, S2; laȝte, S; laucte, S; lacchide, pl., PP; lauht, pp., PP; lagt, S; latchyd, Prompt.—AS. læccan, ge-læccan.

Lacching, sb. taking, S2.

Lacert, sb. a fleshy muscle, C, CM.—OF. lacerte (Cotg.); Lat. lacertum (acc.), a muscle, strength, usually, the muscular part of the arm.

Lad, Ladde; see Leden.

Ladel, sb. ladle, PP, C3; ladylle, coclear, Prompt.; hausorium, Voc.

Laden, v. to burden, to charge with burdens, Prompt., WW; to draw water to lade, Prompt.; laden, pp. oneratus, Prompt., SkD.—AS. hladan (pt. hlód, pp. hladen): Icel. hlaða, Goth. hlathan (in comp.).

Læfdi, sb. lady, S; see Leuedy.

Læfe, Lafe, sb. belief, S; see Leue.

Læn, sb. a grant, loan, S.—AS. lǽn (OET).

Laf, sb. loaf, S; see Loof.

Lage, Lahe, sb. law, S; see Lawe.

Lah, adj. low, S; see Louh.

Lahfulnesse, sb. lawfulness, S.

Lahhen, v. to laugh, S; lauhen, PP; laughe, PP, C2 lauȝen, PP, S3; lauȝwe, S3; lauȝwhen, PP; lawghe, PP, C; leiȝen, W; lauhwen, S, PP, S2; lahynde, pr. p., S2; laȝinge, S2; louh, pt. s., PP; lough, C2, C3; lowh, PP; lowȝ, PP; loh, S2; lewch, S3; loȝen, pl., S2; lough, S3; louȝe, subj., S.—AS. hlehhan (pt. hlóh): Goth. hlahjan.

Lahter, sb. laughter, S; leiȝtir, W2; leihtre, dat., S.—AS. hleahtor.

Laif, sb. the remainder, B, S3; laiff, B; layff, B, S2, S3; lafe, B; lave, B, JD, HD.—AS. láf, what is left, heritage (Voc.), from -lífan (Grein), only found in compounds, e.g. be-lífan, to remain; cp. OHG. bi-líban, to remain (Tatian) G. bleiben.

Laire, sb. clay, mud, mire, WA, H, HD; layre, H; lare, H; quagmire, HD.—Icel. leir, clay, mire.

Lairy, adj. miry, H; layry, H; layri, H; layery, HD.

Laiten, v. to seek, SD, HD, S2, WA; leȝten, SD.—Icel. leita: Goth. wlaiton, to look about.

Laith, adj. loathsome, H; see Loth.

Laitis, sb. pl. gestures, S3; see Late.

Lake, sb. a kind of fine linen, C2, HD, CM.—Cp. Du. laken, cloth, a sheet, OHG. lahhan, also lachan (Otfrid).

Lake, sb. standing-water, Prompt.; rivulus, Voc.; llak, pl., S2. Comb.: lake-ryftes, chines worn by water, S2.—AF. lake, OF. lac; Lat. lacum.

Lake, sb. dat. a gift, offering, S; see Lok.

Laken, v. to offer to God, S.—AS. (ge)lácian, to give.

Lakke, sb. defect, a failing, C2; lak, Prompt., C; lac, SkD; lake, blame, WA, S3; lakke, C2; lakkes, pl. faults, PP.—Cp. Du. lak, blemish.

Lakken, v. to lack, PP, C; him lakked, pt. s. there lacked to him, C2.

Lakken, v. to blame, G, PP, Prompt.; lak, JD; lakes, pr. s., S2; lackand, pr. p., H; y-lakked, pp., P.—Cp. Du. laken, to blame.

Lammasse, sb. Lammas, the first of August, PP, S2; Lammesse, Prompt.—AS. hlammæsse, hláfmæsse, loaf-mass, named from the Blessing of Bread. The Feast is called in the Sarum Manual Benedictio novorum fructuum.

Lampe, sb. lamp, Cath., PP; laumpe, S2, PP; lawmpe, Voc., Prompt.; lampes, pl., C3.—AF. lampe; Lat. lampadem.

Lampe, sb. a thin plate, C3; lamm, HD, ND.—OF. lame; Lat. lamina.

Laner, sb. a kind of hawk, basterdus, Voc.; lanner, Cotg.; lannard, HD.—OF. lanier (Cotg.); Lat. laniarium, that which tears, from laniare, to tear.

Lanere, sb. a thong, Prompt.; see Laynere.

Lang, adj. long, tall, S; long, S, PP; lengre, comp., S; lenger, S2, C2, PP; lengore, S2; lange, adv. long, S; longe, S, S2; lang, S2; leng, comp., S; lenger, S3; lengere, S, S2; langar, S3; lengest, superl., S, S2.—AS. lang.

Langage, sb. language, C, C2, PP.—AF. langage.

Langes, pr. pl. belong, S2; see Longen.

Lang-fridai, sb. Long-Friday, i.e. Good-Friday, S; lange-fridai, S.—Icel. langi-frjádagr.

Langmode, adj. long-suffering, S2.—AS. lang-mód.

Langour, sb. languishment, slow starvation, C2, PP; langours, pl. sicknesses, W.—AF. langour, illness; Lat. languorem.

Languor, sb. disease, sickness, W; languores, pl., W.—Lat. languor (Vulg.).

Lanȝer, sb. a thong, Cath.; see Laynere.

Lappe, sb. lap, bosom, PP, C2, C3; a lappet, skirt, PP, S; the lobe of the ear, Cath.—AS. lappa (OET).

Lappen, v. to wrap, W, H, Cath., SkD, HD: see Wlappen.

Lare, sb. lore, S, S2, H; see Lore.

Lare, sb. clay; see Laire.

Lare-fadir, sb. teacher, doctor, H; larfadir, H; larefather, HD; lorefadyr, HD.

Large, adj. liberal, generous, S, G, PP, C; plentiful, S2; sb. size, S2.—AF. large.

Largeliche, adv. bountifully, PP, S2; largely, G.

Largesse, sb. largess, bounty, PP, S3.—AF. largesce.

Lar-þawes, sb. pl. teachers, S; see Lor-þeaw.

Las, sb. snare, lace, HD, SkD, C; laz, S; laas, C3, C; lase, Voc.—OF. las, laqs; Lat. laqueus; cp. AF. laz.

Lase, v. to fasten, C; lasynge, pr. p., C; lacede, pt. s., S; i-laced, pp., S.—OF. lacier.

Laser, sb. leisure, S2, S3; see Leyser.

Lasnen, v. to lessen; lasned, pt. s., S2.

Lasse, adj. and adv. comp. less, S, S2, S3, C3, PP; lesse, S. Phr.: lasse and more, smaller and greater, i.e. all, C2; on les that, on a less supposition than that, unless, SkD; onlesse that, Palsg.; onlesse, SkD; þi les þe, lest, SD; leste, S, PP; les when, lest at some time, H.—AS. læssa, adj.; and læs, adv.; þý læs þe, lest.

Last, sb. weight, burden, ship’s cargo, C2.—AS. hlæst; see Sievers, 232. See Laden.

Last, sb. fault, SD; lest, SD; laste, dat., S.—Icel. löstr (stem lasta); cp. OHG. lastar, abuse, blame (Otfrid).

Lasten, v. to find fault, blame, SD.

Lasten, v. to follow out, last, endure, S, PP; lesten, S, S2; last, pr. s., S, C2; lest, S; laste, pt. s., S, C2; lastede, S; lestyt, pp., S3.—AS. lǽstan, to perform, to last: Goth. laistjan, from laists (AS. lást), a foot-track.

Lastingly, adv. constantly, W.

Lat, pr. s. leads, S; see Leden.

Lat, Late, Laten; see Leten.

Late, sb. behaviour, look, gesture, S, S2; lete, S; lote, S; lates, pl., S; laitis, S3; loten, S.—Icel. lát. See Leten.

Late, adj. and adv. slow, late, S, PP; later, comp., S, PP; latere, adv., S2; latst, superl., S.—AS. læt: Goth. lats, slothful.

Lateful, adj. late, W.

Lað, adj. hateful, loath, S, S2; see Loth.

Lað, sb. hatred, S.—AS. láð.

Laðe, sb. barn, horreum, granarium, Cath., Voc., HD; laðes, pl., S.—Icel. hlaða.

Laðful, adj. hateful, S.

Laðien, v. to invite, summon to a feast, SD.—AS. laðian; cp. OHG. ladón (Otfrid).

Laðiere, sb. inviter, S.

Latimer, sb. interpreter, S; latymer, HD; latineres, pl., SD, HD.—AF. latymer, OF. latinier, interpreter, lit. one knowing Latin; Late Lat. latinarium (Ducange).

Latis, sb. lattice; latijs, W2; latisis, pl., W2.—Cp. F. lattis.

Latly, adv. late, scarcely, H; latlier, comp., H.—AS. lætlice; cp. Icel. latliga. See Late.

Laton, sb. auricalcum, Prompt., C2; latoun, C3, C, W, WA; latten, Sh., ND, HD.—OF. laton.

Latrede, adj. tardy, CM.—AS. lætræde. See Late.

Latsum, adj. backward, SD.—AS. lætsum.

Latsumnes, sb. backwardness, H.

Laude, sb. praise, C2.—Lat. laudem.

Lauhen, v. to laugh, PP; laughe, PP, C2; see Lahhen.

Lauhte, pt. s. seized, PP; lauȝte, PP, S2; laucte, S; laȝte, S; see Lacchen.

Laumpe, sb. lamp, S2; see Lampe.

Launce, sb. lance, PP, WA; lance, Cath.—AF. launce, lance; Lat. lancea.

Launcegay, sb. a kind of spear, C2; lancegaye, ND; lawncegay, Prompt.—AF. launcegay (Godefroy).

Launcen, v. to hurl, fling, dart, to leap, hurry, to spring up, S3, PP; lanse, S2; launchen, to skip over a dike with a long pole; lawnchyn, Prompt.—OF. lancer, lancier, lanchier.

Launde, sb. a wild, untilled, shrubby, bushy plain, PP, CM, C, HD; laund, Sh., ND, Cotg.; lawnd, saltus, Voc.; land, Cotg.; lawnde, Cath.—AF. launde, forest, plain, OF. lande (Cotg.).

Laurer, sb. laurel, C; loryȝer, Prompt.; loryel, lorel, Prompt.—OF. laurier, lorier; Late Lat. *laurarium; from Lat. laurus.

Lauȝen, v. to laugh, S3, PP; laughe, C2, PP; lauhwen, S, S2, PP; see Lahhen.

Laue, sb. the remainder, B, JD, HD; see Laif.

Lauen, v. to lave, wash, PP; lauande, pr. p., S2.—OF. laver; Lat. lavare.

Lauerd, sb. lord, S, S2; see Louerd.

Lauerding, sb. nobleman, S2. Cf. Louerdinges.

Lauerdschipe, sb. lordship, S2; lordschipe, W2.

Laueroc, sb. lark, alauda, SD; lauerok, SD, JD; lauerokke, CM; lauerock, S2; larke, PP, Prompt., Voc.—AS. láwerce (Voc.).

Lauour, sb. laver, cistern, S3, CM, WW; laver, WW.

Law, adj. low, S3; see Louh.

Lawe, sb. law, S, PP; laȝe, S; laghe, S, H; lahe, S; lage, S; lages, pl., S; lahen, S; lawes, S; laȝe, S; laȝen, S; laȝhess, S. Phr.: of the beste lawe, in the best order, G.—Icel. lög (stem lagu), statute, decree.

Laweful, adj. lawful, SD; lawfulle, Cath.

Lawelese, adj. lawless, S; laȝelease, S.

Lawelyche, adj. lawful, S; lagelice, adv., S.

Lay, sb. law, CM; religion, fidelity, S2; creed, C2, C3; laies, pl., PP.—OF. lai, ley, lei; Lat. legem.

Layes, sb. pl. leas, meadows, S3; see Leye.

Layke, sb. game, sport, trial of strength, PP, S2; laike, WA; laik, PP.—Icel. leikr. Cf. Lok.

Layken, v. to play, sport, S2, PP, Prompt., Manip.; laike, PP, WA; leyke, S.—Icel. leika; cp. AS. lácan, to spring, leap for joy, dance, contend: Goth. laikan, to leap for joy.

Layking, sb. play-thing; laykyn’, Prompt.; lakan, Prompt. (n); leikin, a sweet-heart, Prompt. (n).

Laynere, sb. a thong, C, CM; layner, SkD (p. 814); lanȝer, Cath.; lanyer, Palsg.; lanyr, Voc.; lanere, Prompt.—OF. laniere (Cotg.), lasniere (Palsg.), lasnier (Bartsch); Late Lat. *laniaria (linea), the thong for a lanner. See Laner.

Laȝe, sb. law, S; see Lawe.

Laȝte, pt. s. took, S; see Lacchen.

Lazar, sb. leper, PP; lazer, C; lazars, pl., PP, C.—Church Lat. lazari, lepers (Ducange), from Lazarus; Gr. Λάζαρος (Lu. 16. 20); Heb. Eleazar, God helpeth.

Leahtor, sb. vice; leahtrum, pl. dat., S.—AS. leahtor, from leahan (léan), to blame: OS. lahan.

Lean, sb. reward, S.—AS. léan: Icel. laun, OHG. lón (Tatian).

Leasing, sb. falsehood, WW; see Leesinge.

Lebard, sb. leopard, S2; see Leopart.

Leccherye, sb. lewdness, PP; lecherie, S, S2, PP.—AF. lecherie.

Leche, sb. physician, S, S2, S3, C3, H; leeche, W; lache, S; leches, pl., S3; lechis, W.—AS. lǽce: Goth. lēkeis.

Leche-craft, sb. knowledge of medicine, S2, C, PP.

Lechen, v. to heal, S2, HD, PP.

Lechnien, v. to heal, SD.—AS. lácnian.

Lechnunge, sb. healing, S.—AS. lácnung.

Lechour, sb. a dissolute person, PP; letchour, W; lechur, S; lechours, pl., PP; lechouris, W; letchours, W.—AF. lecheur, glutton, from OF. lecher, to lick; cp. OHG. gi-lechon (Otfrid). See Licken.

Lede, sb. man, PP; ledes, pl., tenements, PP; see Leod.

Leden, v. to lead, carry, S, S2, Prompt.; laden, S; leaden, S; leide, S3; lat, pr. s., S, PP; ledys, pr. pl., S3; ledde, pt. s., S; ladde, S, S2, S3; læd, S; lad, S2, lædden, pl., S; ladde, C2, PP; i-led, pp., S; i-lad, S, G; lad, S2, S3; lede, S2; ladde, PP.—AS. lǽdan, to lead, carry, lift (pt. lǽdde, pp. lǽded), from lád, a way. See Lode.

Leden, adj. leaden, C3. See Leed.

Leden, sb. language, S2; leoden, SD; lede, WA; ludene, voice, PP; ledene, dat., C2 (n.); PP; ledenes, pl., S.—AS. lyden, language, also leden, Latin (on leden gereorde, Latina lingua, Voc.); Lat. latinus; cp. OF. latin, speech (the warbling of birds), Bartsch, 385. 29, It. latino, language.

Lee-; see also under Le-, Leo-.

Leed, sb. lead, S2, S3, C3, Voc., Prompt.; led, PP; lede, S3, P.—AS. léad (OET); cp. OLG. lód; see Weigand (s.v. lód).

Leed, sb. a kitchen copper, CM (2. 7); leede, dat., C.—Cp. lead (in dialects), HD, EDS. 21 (Tusser).

Leef, sb. leaf, a piece, PP, C; lef, PP; lyf, S2, PP; leues, pl., PP; levis, S3; leyvis, S3.—AS. léaf: Goth. laufs, laubs.

Leef, adj. dear, S3, C; see Leof.

Leel, adj. leal, S3; see Lel.

Leendis, sb. pl. loins, S2; see Lende.

Leep, sb. basket, W; see Lepe.

Lees, sb. leash, snare, C3, CM, Prompt.; leese, CM; see Lese.

Lees, adj. and sb. false, a lie, S2, PP; les, S; less, S2, S3; lease, S; lese, S; lessere, comp., S.—AS. léas; cp. Icel. laus, loose, dissolute.

Leesinge, sb. falsehood, S3; leasung, lesing, S, S2, C3, W2; leasing, WW; leesing, W.—AS. léasung.

Lefdi, sb. lady, S, S2; see Leuedy.

Lef-ful, adj. believing, S. See Leue.

Lefsum, adj. allowable, PP; see Leifsum.

Lege, adj. liege, S3; see Lige.

Leggen, v. to lay, S, S2, W; leyn, S, S3; leie to, to add, W2; leist, 2 pr. s., S; leȝȝesst, S; leið, pr. s., S; leyð, S; legeð, pl., S; leide, pt. s., S, S2; leyde, S; leȝȝde, S; læide, S; læiden, pl., S; leyden, S2; leid, pp., S; leyd, S, S2; i-leid, S; i-leyd, S; y-leid, S3; y-leyd, C2.—AS. lecgan: Goth. lagian.

Legistre, sb. a legist, man skilled in the law; legister, Prompt.; legistres, pl., P.—AF. legistre; Late Lat. legista.

Leif, sb. leave, licence, B; see Leue.

Leifsum, adj. allowable, S3; lefsum, PP.

Leir, sb. a couch, bed; leire, dat., S.—AS. leger, lying, illness.

Leiren, v. to lay low, sternere; leirede, pp., SD; laid on a sick bed, S.—AS. legerian (Leo).

Leir-stowe, sb. sepulchre, SD.

Leit, sb. lightning, S, W, W2; leyt, W2; leitis, pl., W, W2.—AS. léget, liget, Mt. 24. 27, líeget; see Sievers, 247.

Leiten, v. to flame, SD; to lighten, W2; leitinde, pr. p., S. See above.

Leityngis, sb. pl. lightnings, W.

Leiȝen, v. to laugh, W; see Lahhen.

Leiȝtir, sb. laughter, W2; see Lahter.

Leiȝyng, sb. laughing, W.

Lel, adj. leal, loyal, true, S2, S3; leel, PP, S3; lele, S2.—AF. lëal, OF. leial; Lat. legalem.

Lelliche, adv. truly, S2, S3, PP; lelly, S2, S3, PP; leelly, S2, PP; lelye, S2; lely, H; lelest, superl., PP.

Leme, sb. gleam, light, S, S2, PP, CM; leom, PP; leome, S; lemes, pl., CM; leemes, C; leames, S3; lemys, S3; leomene, pl. gen., S; lemene, S.—AS. léoma.

Lemen, v. to shine, SD; leomen, SD; lemand, pr. p., S3, WA; leomede, pt. s., SD; lemede, SD; lemed, PP.—AS. lýman.

Lemman, sb. sweetheart, lover (of both sexes), mistress, concubine, S, C2, C3, PP; lemmans, pl., WA; see Leofmon.

Lende, sb. loin, lumbus, Voc., S2; lendes, pl., HD, G; leendis, S2, W, W2; lendis, H; lendys, PP.—AS. lendenu, pl. (Voc.); cp. OHG. lendi (G. lende), lentîn (Tatian).

Lende, v. to land, arrive, to remain, dwell, to cause to land, S, PP; lend, pt. pl., S2; lended, pp., S2; ylent, S2.—Icel. lenda, to land; cp. AS. (ge)lændian, to cause to land. See Lond.

Lene, adj. lean, S, PP, C2, Prompt., Cath.—AS. hlǽne.

Lenen, v. to lean, PP; len, H; lenede, pt. s., PP; leonede, PP, S2; lent, pp., S3.—AS. hlionian; cp. Lat. clinare (in inclinare).

Lenen, v. to lend, grant, S, PP, S2, S3, C3; leenen, W; lennen, Cath.; leendyn, Prompt.; len, imp. s., S2; lenys, pr. s., H; lennys, H; lenð, S (1. 51); lantez, 2 pt. s., S2; i-lenet, pp., S; y-lent, C3; i-leaned, S; land, S2; lend, S2; lent, S2.—AS. lǽnan. See Læn, Lone.

Lener, sb. lender, usurer, W; leyner, Cath.

Leng, Lenger, Lengre; see Lang.

Lenge, v. to linger, remain, dwell, PP, S2; lenged, pt. s., PP.—AS. lengan. See Lang.

Lengðe, sb. length, S, PP; lenðe, S2.—AS. lengð.

Lennen, v. to lend, Cath.; see Lenen.

Lennynge, sb. a lending, H; lendynge, Prompt.

Lenten, sb. spring, lent, S2, PP; lente, PP, C2.—AS. lengten.

Leo-; see also under Le-.

Leod, sb. a man, also, a tenement, possession, PP, S2; leode, PP; lede, PP, WA; lud, S2; leodes, pl., PP; leodis, PP; ledes, S2, PP; ledis, PP, WA; leedes, PP, G; ludes, S2.—AS. léod, a prince (Grein).

Leode, sb. country-men, people, S; leede, G; leoden, dat., S; lede, HD, S2, WA; leode, S2. Phr.: land and lede, HD.—AS. léod, sb. f. a people, pl. léode, men (Grein); cp. OHG. liut (Otfrid).

Leof, adj. dear, beloved, glad, S, PP, S2; lief, S, S3, C2, PP; lef, S, S3, HD; leef, S3, C, PP; lif, S; lefe, S2; leue, PP, S, S2, S3, C2; lieue, S; luef, S2; luf, S2; leoue, S; leofue, S; leuer, comp., S3, C2; leof, adv. PP; luf, PP; leuere, comp., S, S2; leouere, S; leuer, H; leouest, superl., S, S2; louest, S; leueste, S2.—AS. léof.

Leofliche, adj. dear, precious, S; adv., S; leuelike, S; leoflukest, adj. superl., S.—AS. léoflic, adj.; léoflice, adv.

Leof-mon, sb. dear one, beloved one, lover (used of both sexes), S; lefmon, S, HD; lemman, S, PP, C2, C3; leouemon, S; lemmanes, pl. sweethearts, PP; lemmons, concubines, PP.

Leofsum, adj. precious, S; lefsum, SD.

Leoften, v. to flatter, caress; leoftede, pt. s., S.

Leome, sb. limb, S2; see Lim.

Leome, Leomen; see Leme, Lemen.

Leon, sb. lion, S2, C2, WA; leun, S; leoun, S, S2, C2; lyoun, S2; liuns, pl., S; leuns, S.—AF. liun, OF. leon; Lat. leonem.

Leonyn, adj. lion-like, C2.—OF. leonin Lat. leoninum.

Leopart, sb. leopard, PP; leparde, Voc.; lepart, C; lebard, Voc.; leberde, Voc.; lyberde, Cath.; libard, B; labbarde, Prompt.; lebbard, Prompt.; leoperdes, pl., PP; lepardes, C2; lebardez, S2; libardes, S2; liberdes, S3.—AF. leopard, leopart, lepart, pl. leoparz.

Leor, sb. cheek, face, S, PP, S2; lere, PP, S2, S3, WA; lire, PP; lure, SD.—AS. hléor, the cheek, face, look.

Leornen, v. to learn, S, S2; see Lernen.

Leorning-cniht, sb. disciple, SD, S.

Leoðre, adj. bad, S; see Luðer.

Lepe, sb. basket, Voc., HD, H (s.v. ber), Palsg.; leep, W, W2, Prompt.; leap, Cotg. (s.v. nasse); lepis, pl., W; lepes, S (s.v. bread).—AS. léap; cp. Icel. laupr.

Lepen, v. to leap, run, PP, G; lope, Cath., HD; leop, pt. s., PP, S2; lep, PP; leep, PP; lap, S2, S3; lepe, PP; loupe, P; lope, S2, PP; lep, pl., S2; lopen, P; lope, P; lopen, pp., PP, S2, HD; lepte, pt. s. (weak), S2; lippide, W; lepten, pl., PP.—AS. hléapan, pt. hléop (pl. hléopon), pp. hléapen: Goth. hlaupan; cp. Icel. hlaupa.

Leper, sb. leaper, Cath.; loper, Cath.; leperes, pl. runners, wanderers, PP.

Lepe-ȝere, sb. leap-year, Voc., Cath.

Lepre, sb. leprosy, S2; leprye, Manip.—AF. lepre; Lat. lepra (Vulg.); Gr. λέπρα.

Lere, sb. flesh, muscle, C2; see Lyre.

Lere, sb. cheek, face, S2, S3; see Leor.

Lered, pp. used as adj.; læredd, the learned, clergy, S; lerud, instructed, W, W2.—AS. lǽred.

Lered-men, sb. pl. the learned, the clergy, S.

Leren, v. (1) to teach, S, S2, S3, H; learen, S; leoren, S; ler, imp. s., S; lerede, pt. s., S; leorde, S; lerde, S2; y-lered, pp., S2. (2) Leren, v. to learn, S, S2, S3, C2, H.—AS. lǽran: Goth. laisjan, to make to find out, to teach.

Lerned, adj. learned, C2, PP.

Lernen, v. to learn, teach, S, S2, S3, PP, W2; lurnen, S2; leornen, S, S2; leornin, S.—AS. leornian.

Les, Lese, adj. false, S; see Lees.

Lese, sb. a leash, laxa, Cath., PP; lees, Prompt., C3; leece, Prompt.; lease, Cotg. (s.v. laisse); lesshe, Palsg.; leesshe, HD; leysche, S2.—OF. laisse; Lat. laxa, a loose rope.

Lesen, v. to lose, S2, S3, C2, PP, W; liese, S; leese, PP, S3; to destroy, W; leosen, S, S2, PP; leest, 2 pr. s., PP; lest, pr. s., S2; lees, pt. s., PP; les, PP; lese, PP; loren, pl., PP; lorn, pp., PP, S2; lorne, S3; lore, PP, G, S2; ilore, G; y-lore, S2; loste, pt. s. (weak), W; losten, pl., PP, C3, C, W2; loste, pp., PP; lost, PP; y-lost, C3.—AS. léosan, pt. léas (pl. luron), pp. loren.

Lesen, v. to set free, redeem, S, HD, H; les, imp. s., S2; lese, G; lesde, pt. s., S; lesed, pp., S; i-lesed, S.—AS. lésan: OS. lósian.

Leser, sb. releaser, SD, HD, S2.

Lesewe, sb. pasture, W2; leesewe, W2; lese, SD, S2; lewse, dat., S; lesewis, pl., W; lyssouris, S3.—AS. lesu, læsu.

Lesewin, v. to feed; lesewynge, pr. p., W, S2; lesewid, pp., W2.—AS. læswian.

Lesing, sb. a lie, S, S2, C3, W; lesyng, PP; see Leesinge.

Lesing-monger, sb. liar, W.

Lesnesse, sb. remission, S2. See Lesen.

Lesse, adj. comp. less, S.

Lessin, v. to diminish, Prompt.; lessi, S2.

Lessinge, sb. diminution, S2.

Lest, sb. desire, C2; see Lust.

Lest, sb. fault, SD; see Last.

Lest, pr. s. it pleases, PP; pt. s., PP; see Lusten.

Lest, pr. s. loses, S2; see Lesen.

Leste, adj. superl. least, S2, C2, G, PP; lest, S, PP; last, S.—AS. læst.

Leste, imp. s. listen, S; see Lusten.

Lesten, v. to last, S, S2; see Lasten.

Lestinde, adj. lasting, S; leastinde, S.

Lesty, adj. cunning, skilful, S3. See Liste.

Les-when, conj. lest at some time, H. See Lasse.

Lesynge, sb. loss, PP; lesyng, S3, C2, PP; losyng, S2. See Lesen.

Leten, v. (1) to let, cause, permit, (2) to let go, (3) to leave, forsake, neglect, desist, (4) to behave, pretend, (5) to esteem, S, S2, C3, H; laten, S; leoten, S; læte, S; late, imp. s., S2; lat, C2; lest, 2 pr. s., S; letiþ, pr. s., S2; lates, S2; lattis, H; læt, pt. s., S; let, S2, S3; leet, S2, C2; i-leten, pp., S; latun, W; laten, H.—AS. lǽtan, létan, pt. lét, léot, pp. laten; cp. Icel. láta.

Leten, v. to delay, S; laten, S.—AS. latian. Cf. Letten.

Letherien, v. to be in a lather, SkD; liðeri, pr. s. subj., S.—ONorth. leðrian, to anoint (John 11. 2), from AS. léaðor, lather (Voc.); cp. Icel. lauðr, froth.

Lette, sb. delay, S, S3, C2; let, S2.

Letten, v. to hinder, to make late, PP, S2, S3, C2; let, pr. s., S, PP; lette, pt. s., S, C2; letted, S3; lettid, H.—AS. lettan: Icel. letja: Goth. latjan, to be late.

Lettere, sb. hinderer, S2, PP.

Lettre, sb. writing, C2, PP; lettres, pl., C3, PP.—AF. lettre; Lat. littera.

Lettrure, sb. writing, scripture, learning, PP, W2; letterure, C2, PP, C3; lettyreure, H.—AF. lettrure, OF. letreüre; Lat. litteratura.

Letuarie, sb. electuary, C3; lettwary, Cath.; letuaries, pl., Cath. (n), C.—OF. laituaire, leiture, letuaire, electuaire; Lat. electuarium, a medicine dissolving in the mouth (Ducange).

Leude, adj. ignorant, H; see Lewed.

Leun, sb. lion, S; see Leon.

Leute, sb. loyalty, PP; see Lewte.

Leue, sb. permission, Prompt., S2, C2, PP; leaue, S; leif, B. Phr.: nom læue, took leave, took permission to go, S; nam lefue, S; tok his leue, S, C2; tuk his leyff, S3; be ȝoure leue, by your leave, WA.—AS. léaf.

Leue, sb. belief, S; leeue, S3; læfe, S; lafe, S.—AS. (ge)léafa.

Leue, adj. dear, S, S2, S3, C2; see Leof.

Leue, v. to live, S2, S3; see Liuien.

Leued, adj. covered with leaves, PP, S2.

Leuedy, sb. lady, S2, H; leuedi, S2, S; lefdye, S2; lefdi, S, S2; leafdi, S; lauedi, S; læuedi, S; læfdi, S.—AS. hlǽfdige.

Leueful, adj. allowable, PP; leeueful, S2, C3, W; leefful, S2; leeful, S2, S3.—AS. léafful.

Leuen, v. to permit, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; lef, imp. s., S.—AS. lýfan, to allow.

Leuen, v. to believe, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; leauen, S; leeuen, S2; leyue, PP; lefenn, S; lyue, PP; lef, imp. s., S, PP; leef, PP, S2; leues, pl., S2; leueden, pt. pl., W; leeued, pp., S3.—AS. (ge)lýfan: Goth. (ga)laubjan.

Leuen, v. to leave, to dismiss, to remain, relinquere, relinqui, PP, S, S2, S3; leauen, S; lef, S2; leaf, imp. s., S; lef, S; leeue, S2; leues, pr. pl., S2; lefde, pt. s., S; leafde, S; lefte, S2, S3; leuede, pl., S2; lafte, C2; laft, pp., S2, C2; lewyt, S3; y-left, S2.—AS. lǽfan, to leave, from láf, remains, heritage. See Laif.

Leuene, sb. lightning, Cath. (n), Prompt.; levin, JD, SD, ND; levyn, Prompt.—Cp. Goth. lauhmuni, also Dan. lyn; see Douse, p. 103.

Leuenen, v. to smite with lightning, to shine; levyn, Cath.; leuenand, pr. p., Cath. (n), H.

Leuenynge, sb. lightning, Cath., H; leuening, S2; leyfnyng, Voc.; leuenyngis, pl., H.

Leuere, adj. comp. dearer, preferable, PP, S, S2; adv. more dearly, sooner, rather, PP, S2; leuer, PP, S2, S3; see Leof.

Levy, sb. a raising, esp. of money, SkD (p. 815).—OF. levée, a levy (Cotg.).

Levy, v. to raise (money), SkD; leueyed, pp., S3.—OF. lever; Lat. leuare.

Lewch, pt. s. laughed, S3; see Lahhen.

Lewde, adj. ignorant, S3; see Lewed.

-lewe, suffix. Cf. Chekelew, Costlewe, Drunkenlewe, Siklewe, Þurstlew.—Icel. suffix -ligr, passing into -liw, and then into -lew, by influence of w on i; cp. Icel. kostligr, ME. costlewe, costly (W. W. S.).

Þurstlew appears under the headword Þrist. Siklewe could not be located, either as an independent entry or under the headword Sek.

Lewe, sb. shelter, S; lew, HD.—AS. hleow, hléo.

Lewe, adj. warm, tepid, S; lew, HD, W.

Lewed, adj. unlearned, ignorant, worthless, S2, C, C2, PP, H; læwedd, S; lewde, S3, Prompt.; lewid, W; lawd, H; lawde, H; leude, H; lewedeste, superl., PP.—AS. lǽwed, lay, ‘laicus’ (Voc.), (ge)léwed, pp. of lǽwan, to weaken.

Lewedly, adv. ignorantly, C2, C3.

Lewednesse, sb. ignorance, PP, S2, C2; lewdnesse, PP; lewdnes, S3; lewdenesse, Prompt.

Lewke, adj. tepid, Cath.; luke, Cath. (n).

Lewse, sb. pasture, S; see Lesewe.

Lewte, sb. loyalty, fidelity, G, Prompt., PP; leute, PP.—AF. lealte, OF. lëalted; Lat. legalitatem.

Lewth, sb. shelter, HD.—AS. hleowð, hléoð.

Leye, sb. flame, PP, S; leie, S; lei, SD.—AS. lég: Icel. logi. Cf. Lowe.

Leye, sb. untilled land, PP; lay, Prompt.; laye, dat., S3; laye, adj., G; layes, pl. meadows, S3; leys, S3; leyes, PP; leyȝes, PP; leas, S3 (p. 228).—AS. léah.

Leye-lond, sb. lea-land, PP; laylande, ‘terre nouvellement labourée,’ Palsg.

Leyen, pt. pl. lay, S, S3; leyn, pp., lain, S3; see Liggen.

Leyn, v. to lay, S, S3; leyde, pt. s., S; leyd, pp., S, S2; see Leggen.

Leyser, sb. leisure, C, C2; laser, S2, S3: laysure, Manip.—AF. leisir; Lat. licere.

-leȝȝc, suffix, used in forming abstract nouns, found in Ormulum, S.—Icel. -leikr, or -leiki. Cf. -lac.

The suffix -lac occurs in words such as Ferlac, Fiht-lac, Reflac. It does not have an independent entry.

Li-; see also under Ly-.

Libben, v. to live, S, S2, S3; see Liuien.

Lich, sb. body, form, S, PP, SkD; liche, S, PP, WA; like, WA; lyche, dead body, Prompt. Comb.: lichewake, the watch held over the body of the dead, C, SD; lyke-waik, JD, Prompt. (n).—AS. líc, the body, generally the living body; cp. Goth. leik, the body, also a corpse. Cf. Liche.

Lic-hame, sb. body, S; licham, S; lykhame, PP; licame, S, PP; licam, PP, S2; likame, PP; likam, PP, S2; lykam, PP; lykame, S2; lycome, S; liham, PP; lichames, gen., S; licames, PP.—AS. líc-hama, a body, properly ‘body-covering’; cp. Icel. líkami.

Lichamliche, adj. bodily, carnal, S; lichomliche, S.—AS. líchamlic.

Liche, adj. like, resembling, PP, S3; lyche, PP, S2; lich, S2; lijk, W2; lyik, W2; lykkest, superl., S2.—AS. líc, found usually in the form ge-líc. Cf. Lich, Ilich.

-liche, suffix, found in adjectives and adverbs.—AS. -lic, adj. suffix, -lice, adv. suffix.

Licht, adj. light, not heavy, easy, S2, B; see Liht.

Licht, pr. s. lights, S; see Liȝten.

Lichtlines, sb. levity, jesting; lychtlynes, S3.

Licken, v. to lick, SkD; lickiden, pt. pl., W (Lu. 16. 21). Comb.: lyck-peny, a name for London from its licking up the penny, swallowing money, S3; lick-penny, S3 (n).—AS. liccian; cp. OHG. lechón in gi-lechón (Otfrid); see Brugmann, § 214. Cf. Lechour.

Licour, sb. liquor, juice, S2, C3; lycour, PP; liquoure, Manip.; licur, SkD.—OF. licur; Lat. liquorem.

Lic-wurðe, adj. pleasing, S.

Lid, sb. a cover, lid, SD; lydde, Cath.; book-cover, HD; lides, pl., lids of the eyes, S.—AS. hlid.

Liden, v. to cover, SD.—AS. hlídan, to cover (in be-hlídan), pp. hliden.

Lieftenant, sb. lieutenant, deputy, S3; lieftenants, pl., S3.—AF. lieutenant; Lat. locum-tenentem.

Liese, v. to lose, S; see Lesen.

Lifes, pr. s. lives, S2; see Liuien.

Lift, adj. left, S, S2, PP; see Lyft.

Lige, adj. liege, free, PP, C2, C3; lyge, PP; liege, PP; lege, S3, PP, SkD; leege, PP; lyche, Prompt.; lige, sb. pl., liege servants, PP, C2; lyges, PP; lieges, S2, C3; liegis, PP; leges, PP.—OF. lige (Bartsch), lige seignur, liege lord (Roland, 2421); cp. AF. seignour lige, and homes liges; cp. Low Lat. ligius.

Ligeaunce, sb. allegiance, C3.—OF. ligeance, see NED (s.v. allegiance).

Ligen, v. to tell a lie, S; see Lyȝen.

Liggen, v. to lie, S, S2, H, C2, W; ligen, H; liȝen, S2; lien, S; leȝe, S; list, 2 pr. s., S; lið, pr. s., S, S2; lyð, S; ligeð, pl., S; ligges, continue, S2; lygge, pr. pl. subj., S2; lai, pt. s., S; lay to, suited, S2; leigen, pl., S; leyen, S, S3; y-leye, pp., P; i-leie, S; leie, W; leyn, S3; y-layne, S3; i-leiȝen, S2.—AS. licgan, pt. læg, pl. lǽgon (lágon), pp. gelegen.

Liggyng, sb. lying down, W.

Lighte, v. to make less heavy, to relieve a horse of his burden by descending, to alight, CM; lyghte, S3, C3, Cath.; light, S2, S3; liȝten, S, S2; ligten, S; lihten, S; lyȝt, S2; liȝte, pt. s., PP; lyȝte, PP; lyȝt, S2; lychtyt, pl., S3; liht, pp., S2; ligt, S.—AS. líhtan. See Liht.

Lihen, v. to deceive, S; see Lyȝen.

Liht, adj. light, not heavy, easy, S; lyht, S; licht, S2; liȝt, W2; liȝte, active, S; adv., S2; liȝtere, comp., S2, W.—AS. leoht: OHG. líhti; cp. Goth. leihts; see Sievers, 83.

Lihtlich, adj. easy, light, S; lihtliche, adv., S; liȝtliche, S, S2.—AS. leohtlic, leohtlice.

Lihtschipe, sb. swiftness, S.

Liken, v. to please, SkD, PP, WW, S3; liki, S; lykyen, S; like, to rejoice, S2; likeð, pr. s. impers., PP, S2; lykeð, PP, S2, C2; lykede, pt. s., S2.—AS. lícian (also lícan), to please, literally, to be like or suitable for. See Liche.

Likerous, adj. dainty, lecherous, S2, PP, C3; lykerous, PP; lycorouse, dainty-mouthed, Palsg.; licorous, Cotg. (s.v. lecheresse). See Lechour.

Likful, adj. pleasing, SD.

Likinge, sb. pleasure, S, W; liking, PP, W2; lykyng, S2, C2.

Likinge, adj. favourable; lykynge, S2.

Likli, adj. likely, SD.

Liklihed, sb. likelihood, SkD; lyklihede, C2.

Liklinesse, sb. probability; lyklinesse, C2.

Liknen, v. to liken, to compare, PP; lykne, PP; lickne, PP; lykned, pp., C2; licned, W; iliknet, S2.

Liknesse, sb. likeness, appearance, PP, W; liccness, S; liknes, S2; lyknes, S3.—AS. gelícnes.

Lilburne, sb. a heavy stupid fellow, S3.

Lilie, sb. lily, argentea, S, S2. Comb.: lylie-whyt, lily-white, S2.—AS. lilie (Voc.); Lat. lilia, pl. of lilium; cp. OHG. lilia (Otfrid).

Lim, sb. limb, S; lym, S2; lyme, PP; leome, PP, S2; limen, pl., S; lemes, PP; limes, S; lymes, limbs, W2, S2, PP, C2; creatures, PP; lyms, S3; limmes, C2. Phr.: feondes lymes, limbs of the fiend, PP (cp. Icel. limir Fjándans); the deuyl and his lymmes, H (Ps. 108. 30). Comb.: lim-mele, limb-meal, SD; limel, S.—AS. lim, lim-mǽlum, ‘membratim.’

Limpen, v. to happen, to belong to, S; lomp, pt. s., SD; lymppede (weak), HD; lumpen, pp., S2.—AS. limpan, pt. lamp (pl. lumpon), pp. gelumpen.

-ling, suffix. See SkD (s.v. darkling).

Linnen, v. to cease, S; lynne, S; lin, HD; lyn, S3; lan, pt. s., SD.—AS. linnan, pt. lann (pl. lunnon), pp. lunnen; cp. Icel. linna.

Linnunge, sb. ceasing, S.

Lipnen, v. to trust; lippin, JD.

Lipning, sb. trust; lypnyng, B.

Lire, sb. cheek, face, PP; see Leor.

Lispen, v. to lisp, SkD; lyspe, Cath.; lipsede, pt. s., C.—AS. wlispian.

Lisse, sb. ease, rest, joy, happiness, S, PP; lysse, S, PP.—AS. liss (for líð-s); see Sievers, 258. See Liðe.

Lissien, v. to ease, SD; lisse, HD; lyss, S3.—AS. lissian.

List, pr. s. impers. it pleases him, S2, S3, C2; see Lusten.

Liste, v. to desire, PP; see Lusten.

Liste, sb. list or edge of cloth, PP, Manip.; lyste, PP, S2, Palsg., Cath.; lyyste, Prompt.; lyyst, Prompt. Comb.: lyste of the ear, mol de l’oraylle, Palsg.—OF. liste; Icel. lista.

Liste, sb. craft, astuteness, S, S2.—AS. list; cp. Icel. list, OHG. list, from Teut. base LIS. Cf. Lore.

Listely, adv. slily, S2.—AS. listlice.

Listes, sb. pl. the lists, the ground enclosed for a tournament, C2; lystes, C.—AF. listes, pl.; OF. lisse, (also lice), a tilt-yard; see Ducange (s.v. licia).

Listre, sb. a lector, preaching friar, PP; listyr, Prompt.; reader, Trevisa, 6. 257; listres, pl., PP.—OF. listre for litre; Church Lat. lector (Ducange).

Lit, adj. little, S; see Lyte.

Lit, sb. stain, dye, colour, S, SD; littis, pl., WA.—Icel. litr, colour, complexion, countenance, dye. See Wliten.

Litarge, sb. litharge, protoxyde of lead, C, C3.—OF. litharge; Lat. lithargyrus; Gr. λιθάργυρος.

Liteled, pt. s. 2 p. didst esteem lower, S2; see Lutlin.

Lith, sb. joint, limb, member, PP, S, S2, C; lyth, HD; lythe, Prompt.—AS. lið; cp. Icel. liðr, Goth. lithus.

Liðe, v. to go, pass through, S; liðen, S.—AS. líðan; cp. Icel. líða, OHG. líðan, to go through, suffer (Otfrid), Goth. leithan.

Liðe, adj. gentle, mild, soft, calm, sweet, S; lythe, Prompt.; lythe, adv., HD.—AS. líðe (for linth-j-a); cp. OHG. lindi, lind, Icel. linr. Cf. Linnen.

Liðeliche, adv. gently, S.—AS. liðelice.

Liðer, adj. bad, S2; see Luðer.

Liðien, v. to relax, S, SD; liðe, PP, WA; lethe, to alleviate, S2; to grow calm, S2.—AS. líðian.

Liðnien, v. to ease; liðnid, pp., PP.

Litte, v. to dye, H, Cath., HD; liten, Prompt.—Icel. lita, to dye. See Lit.

Littester, sb. dyer, tinctor, tinctrix, Cath.; lytster, tinctor, Voc.; lyster, Cath.; lystare, Prompt.; litsters, pl., HD. See Lit.

Liue, Liues; see Lyf.

Liuelod, sb. sustenance, S3; see Lyflode.

Liuenoðe, sb. sustenance, S.—Icel. lifnaðr, conduct of life.

Liuien, v. to live, S; liue, S; leiffe, S3; lefien, S; leue, S2, S3; leeuen, S3; libben, S, S2, S3; lybbe, S2, S3; liuiende, pr. p., S; libbinde, S; leuand, S3; leowinde, S: lyfand, S2; liffand, S2; lifes, lyfes, pr. pl., S2; lifd, pt. s., S2; i-leued, pp., S; i-luued, S; leyffyt, S3.—AS. lifian, libban, to remain, to be left, to live; cp. AS. lífan, to leave, and OHG. be-líban, to remain (Tatian).

Liuing, sb. means of livelihood, S3.

Lixt, 2 pr. s. liest, G; see Lyȝen.

Liȝt, sb. light, S; lyht, S, S2; licht, S; lict, S; liht, S, PP; lyȝt, S2; loht, S; liȝt, pl., S2.—AS. léoht: Goth. liuhath; cp. OHG. lioht (Otfrid).

Liȝt, adj. light, bright, WA; lyht, S2.—AS. léoht; cp. OHG. lioht (Otfrid).

Liȝten, v. to light, enlighten, to become bright, S; lihten, S; lict, imp., S; licht, pr. s., S; lihtede, pt. s., S; i-liȝt, pp., S2; liht, S; lyht, S2.—AS. lýhtan, líhtan.

Liȝten, v. to alight, S, S2; see Lighte.

Liȝti, adj. bright, shining, W.

Liȝtinge, sb. lightning, S2.

Liȝtne, v. to enlighten, shine, dawn, W, W2; liȝtnede, pt. s., W.

Liȝtnere, sb. enlightener, W2.

Liȝtnyng, sb. illumination, W, W2.

Lob, sb. a clown, a clumsy fellow, HD; a lout, lubber, Sh.

Lobbe-keling, sb. a large cod, S2.

Lob-cocke, sb. lubber, S3, Cotg. (s.v. baligaut), HD. See Lob.

Lobres, sb. pl. lubbers, PP, S2.

Loby, sb. looby, PP; lobyes, pl., PP.

Lode, sb. a way, path, SD; loode, something carried, a load, vectura, Prompt.; lade, SD.—AS. (ge)lád, a way, path, from líðan, to go. See Liðe.

Lode-menage, sb. pilotage, C.

Lodesman, sb. pilot, Palsg.; lodezmon, S2; lodysmanne, ‘vector, vehicularius,’ Prompt.

Lode-star, sb. load-star, S3; lode-sterre, CM.

Lode-stone, sb. loadstone, SkD.

Lof, sb. praise, S, S2; lofe, S, WA; loft, S.—AS. lof; Icel. lof, praise, permission, OS. lof; cp. OHG. lob (Otfrid).

Lof, sb. loaf, S; see Loof.

Lofen, v. to praise, S, S2; loue, SD, S2, S3, H; lovand, pr. p., HD, S2, H.—AS. lofian, to praise; cp. Icel. lofa, to praise, to permit.

Lof-song, sb. song of praise, S; loftsong, S; loftsonges, pl., S.—AS. lof-sang.

Loft, sb. an upper room, height, PP, G, SkD. Phr.: on lofte, aloft, literally, in the air, PP, S2, C3; on þe lofte, S.—Icel. lopt, air, sky, an upper room, balcony; á lopt, aloft, in the air. Cf. Lyft.

Logge, sb. a lodge, hut, small cottage, B, CM; loge, WA; lodge, WW; luge, HD.—AF. loge.

Loggen, v. to lodge, dwell, PP; lodge, WW; logeth, pr. s., PP; logged, pt. s., S3, CM; lugede, pp., HD; lugit, S3.—AF. loger.

Loggyng, sb. lodging, CM; luging, S3; logyng, B.

Loghe, sb. water, sea, S2; loȝ, S2; loȝe, S2, WA; lowis, pl., S3. Cp. AS. lagu-flod, ‘obscura unda’ (Voc.); also Icel. lögr (gen. lagar).

Loh, pt. s. laughed, S2; see Lahhen.

Loht, sb. light, S; see Liȝt.

Lok, sb. an offering, gift, S; loc, S; lac, S; loke, sport, PP; lake, dat., S; lac, pl., S; lakes, S.—AS. lác, a leaping for joy, sport, contest, also, a sacrifice, gift: Goth. laiks, sport, dance. Cf. Layken, Laken.

Lok, sb. lock, fastening, S2, PP; lokkes, pl., PP. See Louken.

Loken, v. to look, observe, S, S2, PP; lokin, S; lokien, S; loki, to protect, S; loky, to guard, S2; luke, S3; locan on, to observe, S; loc, imp., S; lokede, pt. s., S.—AS. lócian.

Loken, pp. locked, S; see Louken.

Loking, sb. looking, PP; lokyng, custody, S; appearance, W; lokinge, decision, S2; lokynge, PP; protection, S2; lokunge, S.

Lokken, v. to lock, SkD; lok, Cath.; ylokked, pp., S2. See Lok.

Lokrand, pr. p. as adj. curling S3; lokkerand, Cath. (n).

Lokyrynge, sb. curliness, crispitudo, Cath.

Lollen, v. to loll, limp about, lounge, rest, also, to flap, wag, PP; lollede, pt. s., S3; lullede, S2.

Lollere, sb. loller, idle vagabond, PP; loller, C2, CM.

Lomb, sb. lamb, C3, W2, PP; lombe, Voc., PP, W; lambren, pl., PP, W, W2; lambre, W2; lombe, S2.—AS. lamb, lomb.

Lome, sb. tool, instrument, S2, WA; a vessel (the ark in the deluge), S2; lomes, pl., S2, PP; lomen, S2.—AS. gelóma, ‘utensile’ (Voc.).

Lome, adv. frequently, S, PP; phr.: oft and lome, HD; i-lome, S, S2; ylome, S2; lomer, comp., PP; lommere, PP.—AS. gelóme.

Lomp, pt. s. happened; see Limpen.

Lond, sb. land, S, S2, PP; lont, S; lon, S; londe, dat., S2; londes, pl., S.—AS. land.

Londe, v. to land, S.

Lond-folk, sb. countryfolk, S.

Londisse, adj. native, S.

Lone, sb. lane, PP; lones, pl., S2, PP.—AS. lonu, see Sievers, 279.

Lone, sb. loan, S, S2, PP, Prompt.—AS. lán; cp. Icel. lán.

Longe, sb. lung; longen, pl., PP; lunges, SkD, Cath.; longes, C, PP.—AS. lunge, pl. lungan.

Longe, adv. See Ilong.

Longen, v. to become long, to long for, to belong to, S, S2, S3, C2, PP, SkD; langen, S2, H.—AS. langian. See Lang.

Longinge, sb. longing, S2; longynge, PP; longenge, S.

Loof, sb. loaf, W2, PP; lof, S, PP; laf, S; lofe, Cath.; loues, pl., C3; loouys, S2; looues, W2.—AS. hláf.

Loof, sb. a kind of rudder or apparatus for steering, SkD; loues, pl., SkD.—Cp. OF. lof, the windward side of a vessel (Rabelais).

Loop, v. to melt and run together in a mass, HD.—Icel. hlaupa, to curdle; cp. blóð-hlaup, curdled blood. Cf. Lepen.

Loos, sb. loss, PP; los, PP, C2.—ONorth. los (Matt. 7. 13). See Lesen.

Loos, sb. fame, report, Prompt., PP, CM, C3; lose, H (67. 33).—AF. loos, OF. los; Lat. laus or laudes, see Constans.

Lopen, pp. run away, S2; see Lepen.

Lopir, v. to curdle, clot, coagulate; lopper, JD; lopird, pp., H, HD; lappered, JD; lopyrde (as milk), Cath. See Loop.

Lopirynge, sb. curdling, H.

Lord, sb. husband, S; see Louerd.

Lorde, v. to idle about, S3. See Lourde.

Lordinges, sb. pl. sirs, masters, S, S2, G; see Louerdinges.

Lordschipe, sb. lordship, W2; see Lauerdschipe.

Lordschiping, sb. domination, W.

Lordshipen, v. to rule over, S2.

Lore, sb. learning, lore, S, S2, S3, C3, PP; lare, S, S2, H; lores, pl., S2.—AS. lár (for *laisa), from OTeut. base LIS, to find out.

Lorel, sb. an abandoned fellow, perditissimus, P, CM, PP, S3; lozel, ND; losel, PP, Prompt.; lorels, pl., S3; losells, S3; loseles, P. See Lesen.

Lorel, sb. laurel, Prompt.; loryȝer, Prompt.; see Laurer.

Lorn, pp. lost, S2; see Lesen.

Lor-þeaw, sb. a teacher, S; lareaw, SD; lorþeawe, dat., S; lorþeawes, pl., S; larþawes, S; larewes, SD.—AS. lárþéow (láréow). See Lore.

Lose, v. to set free, G; louse, imp. s., G; loside, pt. s., W2. Cf. Lesen.

Lose, sb. praise, H; see Loos.

Losel; see Lorel.

Losen, v. to praise, PP; losed, pp., WA.

Losenge, sb. a kind of quadrilateral figure; losynges, pl., CM.—OF. losenge, praise, flattery, encomium, then grave-stone, square slab, lozenge in heraldry.

Losengere, sb. flatterer, deceiver, WA; losanger, sluggard, S3; losengour, C; losenjour, HD.—OF. losengier (Cotg.), also (with different suffix) losengëor, losengetour, flatterer.

Losengerye, sb. flattery, lying, PP.

Lossom, adj. loveable, pleasant, S2; see Lufsum.

Lot, sb. lot, S; loten, pl., S; lotes, S.—AS. hlot; cp. Goth. hlauts.

Loteby, sb. concubine, HD, PP (n); ludby, HD; lutby, H; lotebyes, pl., PP. PP.—Literally, ‘a secret lier with,’ cp. Lyerby, HD. See Lotyen.

Loth, adj. hostile, hateful, grievous, unpleasant, unwilling, S, S2, PP, C; looth, C2; lað, S, S2; layth, S2; laith, H, PP; loðere, comp., S; lother, PP; lathere, adv., H; loðest, superl., S.—AS. láð; cp. Icel. leiðr.

Lothe, v. to loathe, PP; laðin, S.—AS. láðian.

Lothelich, adj. hateful, P; loðlich, S; loðli, S2; lodlich, S, S2; ladlic, S.—AS. láðlic.

Loðlesnesse, sb. innocence, S; lodlesnesse, S.

Lotyen, v. to lurk; lotyeth, pr. pl., PP; lotinge, pr. p., C3.—AS. lutian (Grein).

Loud, adj. loud; lowd, PP; lud, S; lude, adv. S; lowde, PP, C; loude, PP.—AS. hlúd; cp. Gr. κλυτός, renowned.

Lough, pt. s. laughed, C2, C3; louh, PP; see Lahhen.

Louh, adj. low, S, S2, PP; law, S3; loge, S; lowe, S; laghe, H; lah, S; lahe, adv., S; loȝe, S; lowe, PP; louwe, S; law, S3; lauer, comp., S2.—Icel. lágr.

Louhnesse, sb. lowliness, PP.

Louken, v. to close, H, PP; luken, S; lowke, PP, H; lowkande, pr. p., S2; leac, pt. s., SD; lec, SD; læc, SD; luken, pl., SD; loken, pp., S, SD; lokenn, S; lowkyt (weak), S3.—AS. lúcan, pt. léac (pl. lucon), pp. locen; cp. Icel. lúka.

Lourde, adj. lazy, sluggish, HD; loord, sb., ND.—OF. lourd; Lat. luridum, dirty, lazy, heavy; see Diez.

Lourdeine, sb. a lazy rascal, PP; lordein, PP; lurdeyn, PP; lurden, HD; lourdeines, pl. vagabonds, PP.—OF. lourdein. See above.

Loure, v. to lower, S2, S3; see Luren.

Louten, v. to stoop, bow down, worship, H, PP, S2, C2; to treat as a lout, S3; lutende, pr. p., S; loutede, pt. s., PP, S2; luted, pl., S2; lutten, pl., S.—Cp. AS. lútan, to bow down, also lútian, to hide (OET.).

Louabil, adj. worthy to be praised, H. See Lof.

Loue, sb. love; see Lufe.

Loue, v. to praise, S2, S3, H; see Lofen.

Louely, adj. worthy to be praised, H.

Louen, v. to praise, S2, S3, H; see Lofen.

Louerd, sb. lord, S, S2, S3, PP; laford, S; laferrd, S; lauerd, S, S2; lowerd, S; lord, husband, S; lauerð, S.—AS. hláford.

Louerdinges, sb. pl. sirs, masters, S; lordinges, S, S2, G; lordynges, PP. Cf. Lauerding.

Louyen, v. to love, PP; luuen, S; luuien, S; lufenn, S; luf, H; louien, S; loue, S2; lofuieð, pr. pl., S; luuede, pt. s., S; louede, S.—AS. lufian.

Louyere, sb. lover, C; luffaris, pl., S3.

Lowable, adj. praiseworthy, PP.

Lowe, v. to approve of, praise, S3.—OF. louer, loër, loder, laudar; Lat. laudare. Cf. Laude.

Lowe, sb. flame, Prompt., Cath., PP, WA.—Icel. log. Cf. Leye.

Lowe, adj. low, lowly, humble, S, PP; see Louh.

Lowe, v. refl. to humble oneself, PP, W; lowed, pt. s. stooped, PP.

Lowe, 2 pt. s. toldest lies, PP; lowen vpon, pp. lied against, PP; see Lyȝen.

Lowen, v. to low, bellow, W2 (Job 6. 5); loowes, pr. s., S3.—AS. hlówan.

Lowne, adj. serene, calm, S3, JD; sheltered, HD; loun, JD.—Icel. logn, a calm.

Lownyt, pp. sheltered, B.

Loȝ, sb. sea, lake, S2; see Loghe.

Luce, sb. a fish, a pike, C, CM, Voc., Prompt., ND.—OF. luz (Bartsch).

Lud, adj. loud, S; lude, adv. S; see Loud.

Lud, sb. sound, voice, S2; lude, dat., SD; luden, pl., SD.—AS. hlýd, ge-hlýd; cp. OHG. lútí (Otfrid).

Lud, sb. person, S2; ludes, pl., tenements, S2; see Leod.

Ludene, sb. voice, PP; see Leden, sb.

Luf, adj. dear, S2; see Leof.

Lufe, sb. love, S, WA; luf, H; luue, S, loue, PP. Comb.: loue-day, a day for the settlement of disputes by arbitration, S2, PP; loue-drury, affection, C2; luue-eie, reverence, S; loue-longinge, desire, fond affection, C2, S2; luf-reden, good-will, S2; lufredyn, H (AS. lufrǽden); luue-wurðe, loveworthy, S.—AS. lufu.

Lufli, adj. lovely, H; luuelich, loving, lovely, S; louelokest, superl., S2; luueliche, adv., S.—AS. luflic, adv. luflice.

Lufsum, adj. loveable, pleasant, S, SD; lossom, S2.—AS. lufsum.

Lufsumliche, adv. pleasantly, S.—AS. lufsumlice.

Luft, adj. left, S, S2, PP; see Lyft.

Luft, sb. a weak creature, worthless fellow, PP; lift, HD. See above.

Lugen, v. to drift about (on the waves), S2; luggid, pp., pulled about, PP.

Lugit, pp. lodged, S3; see Loggen.

Luke, v. to look, S3; see Loken.

Lumpen, pp. befallen, S2; see Limpen.

Lunarie, sb. moon-wort, C3; lunary, HD.—OF. lunaire; Late Lat. lunaria.

Lure, sb. a bait, enticement, C3, HD.—OF. loerre, (now leurre); MHG. luoder, a bait (now luder).

Lure, sb. loss, S; lere, SD; lire, SD.—AS. lyre. See Lesen.

Lure, sb. face, SD; see Leor.

Luren, v. to lower, to look sullen, S; loure, S2, S3, PP; lowren, PP.

Luring, sb. a looking sullen, S.

Lurken, v. to lurk, PP; lorken, PP; lurkand, pr. p., S2; lorked, pt. s., S2.

Lurking, sb. hiding-place, S2.

Lust, sb. desire, inclination, pleasure, PP, S, S2, S3, H; lest, C2; hleste, S; lostes, pl., S2; lustis, W.—AS. lust.

Lust, sb. the sense of hearing, S.—AS. hlyst: Icel. hlust, the ear.

Lusten, v. to give ear, to list, S, PP; listen, S; hlesten, S; lhesten, S2; letsen, S2, S.—AS. hlystan; cp. Icel. hlusta.

Lusten, v. to desire, S, S3; lyst, 1 pr. s., S3; lust, pr. s. impers., it pleases him, S, PP; list, S2, S3, C2, PP; lest, PP; liste, pr. s. subj., it may please, S; leste, S, S3, C2, PP; luste, pt. s. impers., S, S2; liste, S2, S3, C2; leste, C2.—AS. lystan.

Lustiheed, sb. pleasure, C2.

Lustinesse, sb. pleasantness, S3.

Lustnen, v. to listen, S; lestenen, G; listnede, pt. s., S; lestned, S2.

Lusty, adj. pleasant, S3, C2, C3, PP; lusti, joyful, S.

Lutby, sb. paramour, H; see Loteby.

Lute, adj. little, S; see Lyte.

Lutel, adj. little, S, S2; see Lytel.

Luten, v. to stoop; see Louten.

Luðer, adj. bad, false, treacherous, S, PP, S2; lyðer, PP, H; liðer, PP, S2; liðere, S, H; leoðre, S.—AS. lyðre.

Luðerliche, adv. vilely, S.

Lutlin, v. to diminish, S; lutlen, S; liteled, pt. s., S2.—AS. lytlian. See Lytel.

Luue, sb. love; see Lufe.

Lycorys, sb. liquorice, C2; lycoresse, Cath.—AF. lycorys; Late Lat. liquiritia, glycyrrhiza; Gr. γλυκύῤῥιζα, lit. ‘sweet root.’

Lyf, sb. life, S, S2; lifue, S; liues, gen. as adv., alive, S; lyues, S, C2; liue, dat., S, S2; lyue, S. Phr.: bring o liue, to kill, S2 (7. 198); on lyue, alive, S, C2; his lyf, during his life, C2.—AS. líf.

Lyf, sb. a living person, a man, PP; lif, S2; lyfe, WA.

Lyf-day, sb. life-time, PP; lif-daȝe, dat., S; lyfe-days, pl., WA.—AS. líf-dæg.

Lyflode, sb. way of life, mode of life, S2, PP; liflode, S, W; means of living, PP; lijflode, W2; lyuelade, victus, Cath.; liuelod, S3; lyuelode, W.—AS. líf + lád, a course, provisions.

Lyfly, adv. in a lively manner, S3.

Lyft, adj. left, PP, S2; luft, S, PP, S2; lift, S, PP, S2; left, SkD. Comb.: lift-half, left side, W2; luft-hond, left hand, PP.—AS. lyft, weak; cp. ODu. luft, ‘laevus.’

Lyft, sb. air, sky, PP, S3; lift, HD, S2, H; lyfte, S2; lufte, dat., S; lifte, S2; lyfte, S2.—AS. lyft; cp. OS. luft, OHG. luft, Goth. luftus. Cf. Loft.

Lyften, v. to lift, shift, raise, PP; lyftande, pr. p., S2; lyft, pt. s., PP.—Icel. lypta. See Loft.

Lyik, adj. like, W2; see Liche.

Lyke-waik; see Lich.

Lykhame, sb. body, PP; see Lichame.

Lym, sb. lime, calx, S2, C3; lyme, Voc. Comb.: lym-rod, a limed rod, C2; lym-ȝerde, a limed twig, S3.—AS. lím.

Lymaille, sb. file-dust, C3; lymail, C3.—OF. limaille, from limer, to file; Lat. limare.

Lymit, sb. limit, WA.—OF. limite; Lat. limitem (acc.).

Lymytour, sb. a friar licensed to ask alms within a certain limit, PP, C, CM; limitator, Cath.; limitour, PP.—OF. limiteur (Cotg.); Church Lat. limitatorem (Cath.).

Lynage, sb. lineage, descent, parentage, PP, S3, C2, W; linage, C2, C3; lynages, pl., tribes, S2; lynagis, W2.—AF. linage.

Lynde, sb. linden-tree, HD, Voc., C2, C; linde, S.—AS. lind, ‘tilia’ (Voc.).

Lyne, sb. cord, net, PP, S; line, S; lynes, pl., snares for birds, PP; lines, PP.—AF. line; Lat. linea.

Lynt-quhite, sb. linnet, S3, JD; lint-white, lark, HD.—Cp. AS. línet-wige, ‘carduelis’ (Voc.), ‘fronulus’ (Voc.), linet-uigle, ‘fronulus’ (Voc.).

Lyp, sb. lip, Voc.; lyppe, Voc., Cath.; lippe, pl., S; lippes, PP. Comb.: lyp-labour, lip-labour, recitation of prayers, S3.—OFris. lippa (= lip-j-a); cp. Lat. labium; see Brugmann, § 337.

Lype, sb. leap, S2.—AS. hlýp (Voc.). See Lepen.

Lypp, sb. rennet, runnet, Voc. (666. 17); lepe, Voc. (703. 44); leb, Voc. (591. 15). See Loop.

Lyre, sb. the muscle of the thigh, Cath.; lere, C2; leer, the flank, HD.—AS. lira, ‘pulpa, viscum, caro’ (Voc.); cp. Icel. lær.

Lysure, sb. list, edge of cloth, Prompt.; lisure, PP; lysour, PP; lyser, PP.—OF. lisiere (for listiere). See Liste.

Lyte, adj. little, PP, S2, S3; lute, S; lite, S2, C2; lut, S; lyt, C3; lit, S; luyte, S2; lyte, adv., PP, C2, C3; lite, PP; lute, S2.—AS. lyt: OS. lut.

Lytel, adj. little, PP; lutel, S, S2; litel, S2, C2; luitel, PP; luytel, PP; lutel, adv., S, S2; litel, S; litl, S.—AS. lytel; cp. OS. luttil, OHG. luzil (Otfrid).

Lyth, sb. property; lythe, dat., HD. Phr.: loud and lith, PP. Notes (p. 326); lond ne lith, HD.—Cp. Icel. lýðr, the common people; lýð-skylda, the homage of a liegeman to his lord. Cf. Leod.

Lyðen, v. to listen, S, PP, HD; lithen, PP; liðe, S; liðeð, imp. pl., S, G; lytheth, G.—Icel. hlýða, from hljóð, hearing, what is heard, a sound. See Lowd.

Lyðer, adj. bad, H, PP; liðer, S2, PP; see Luðer.

Lyverè, sb. something delivered to a dependent, livery, C; lyverey (of cloth or other gifts), liberata, Prompt., G; lyveray, corrodium, Cath.; levere, B.—AF. liveree, delivery, livery; Late Lat. liberata (Cath.).

Lyȝen, v. to lie, tell lies, S2, PP; liȝen, S; lihen, to deceive, S; lye, S; lyte, PP; ligen, S; lixt, 2 pr. s., PP, G; lixte, PP; leȝheþþ, pr. s. S; lihð, PP, S2; lith, PP; lyȝeð, S2; lowe, 2 pt. s., PP; lyȝede, pt. s. (weak), PP; lighed, pl. (weak), S2; luȝen, pl., S; lowen, pp., concealed by lying, S; lowen vpon, lied against, PP; i-loȝe, lied, S.—AS. léogan, pt. léag (pl. lugon), pp. logen.

Lyȝere, sb. liar, S2, PP; leghere, H; liȝere, PP, S; lyȝers, pl., S2.—AS. léogere.

Lyȝte, pt. s. alighted, PP; lyȝt, pp., S2; see Lighte.

M.

M, the first letter of master or mastership, S3.

Ma, v. to make, S2; see Make.

Ma, adv. more, S, S2; see Mo.

Mace, sb. mace, club, PP, Cath., Voc.; sceptrum, ND, Manip.; mas, pl., B; masis, B; macyss, B.—AF. mace (F. masse); cp. Low Lat. massa (Ducange); It. mazza; Late Lat. matia; Lat. *matea (found in mateola); see Diez.

Macer, sb. mace-bearer (in court of justice); maceres, pl., PP.

Macull, sb. stain, S3. Lat. macula.

Mad, adj. mad, foolish, PP; maad, SD; made, Cath.; mad, sb., a mad person, S2; madde, pl., PP.

Mad, pp. made, S, C, G; see Maken.

Madden, v. to be mad, PP; maddith, pr. s., W; maddist 2 pr. s., W; maddid, pt. s., maddened, PP; pp. W.

Mæi, sb. kinsman, S; mai, S; mey, S; may, a person, S2.—AS. mǽg (pl. mágas): Goth. mēgs; see Sievers, 17. Cf. May.

Mæi, pr. s. may, can, S; mai, S; may, S2; maig, S; maiȝ, S; mei, S; mey, S2; maȝie, maȝȝ, S; maht, 2 pr. s., S; mahht, S; miȝt, S; miht, S, S2; mihht, S; myht, S, S2; maȝen, pl., S; mahen, S; mahe, S; mawe, S; mowen, S; mo, S; mowe, S, S3, C; muge, S; muhe, S; muee, S; mwue, S; muwen, S; muȝen, S; muȝhenn, S; muȝe, S; moun, S, W; mouwen, S; mown, S2; moȝe, S2; mow, P; y-may, S3. Comb.: maistow, mayest thou, S3.—AS. mæg, I can, 2 pr. s., meaht, miht, pl. magon, opt. mæge, mage, muge, pl. mahan, mugon. See Sievers, 424.

Mæsse-dæi, sb. mass-day, S; see Messe.

Mahoun, sb. Mahomet, S2; Mahounde, HD.—OF. Mahom, Mahoms, also Mahum, Mahumet (Roland); Arab. Muhammed, ‘the praised’ Cf. Maumet.

Maht; see Mei.

Mahte, pt. s. might, S; mihte, S; michte, S; migte, S; micte, S; myhte, S; moucte, S; muhte, S; miȝte, S2; mught, S2, H; myȝte, S2; mought, S3, H; mocht, pl., S2; moght, S2. Comb.: mihti (for mihte hi), might they, S; mihti (for miht I), might I, S2; maihtou, mightest thou, PP.—AS. meahte, mihte, pt. s. of mæg, I can. See Mæi.

Maille, sb. mail-armour, C2; maylle, Cath.; male, S3, Cath.; mayles, pl., SkD.—OF. maille Lat. macula. See Macull.

Make, sb. mate, spouse, S, S2, S3, C, C2, P, Prompt.; makes, pl., S2; makez, S2; makys, S3.—AS. (ge)maca.

Maken, v. to make, cause, build, compose, write, PP, S; makien, S; macien, S; makye, S2; mak, S2; ma, S2, B; mais, pr. s., B, S2; mas, S2; mais, pl., B; makede, pt. s., S; machede, S; makked, pl., S2; maden, S, PP; maked, pp., PP, S, C; maad, C, PP; mad, S, C, G; y-maked, S2, C2; y-maad, S2, C2; y-mad, S2; i-maked, S; i-maket, S2; i-made, P; i-mad, G; hi-makede, S.—AS. macian; cp. OHG. machón (Otfrid).

Maker, sb. maker, writer, author, SkD, Cath., ND; makyere, S2.

Male, sb. bag, portmanteau, mail, C, C3, Prompt., Cath.; males, pl., P.—OF. male (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. mala (Ducange).

Malencolye, sb. melancholy, PP; malencolie, C, Prompt.; malicoly, WA.—OF. melancolie.

Malencolyk, adj. melancholy, C.—OF. melancolique.

Malengine, sb. wicked artifice, HD; malengyne, malice, evil disposition, S3.—AF. malengin, fraud, ill-meaning; engin, deceit, treachery (Bartsch).

Malese, sb. sickness, PP; male ese, W; male ess, B.—OF. malaise (Cotg.).

Malice, sb. evil, W.—AF. malice; Lat. malitia.

Malisun, sb. malediction, S, H, ND; malisoun, C3.—OF. malison, maleiceon, maldeceon, maldisson (Ps. 108. 17); Lat. maledictionem.

Malliable, adj. malleable, C3.—OF. malleable, pliant to the hammer, hammerable (Cotg.).

Mamelek, sb. a mameluke, S3.—Arab. mamlûk, a slave, a possession, from malaka, he possessed; cp. It. mamalúcco (Florio).

Mamely, v. to mumble, P; see Momelen.

Man, 1 pr. s. I must, SD; 2 pr. pl., S2, B; see Mon.

Man, sb. man, any one, S; husband, W; mann, S; men, S2; mon, S, S2; manne, dat., S; me, S, S2, S3, W; mæn, pl., S; mænn, S; mannen, gen., S; manne, S2; mannen, manne; dat., S; menne, S. Comb.: manhed(e), manhood, S2, C; manheid, S2; mankin, mankind, S; mon-kin, S; moncun, S; man-ken, S; man-kunne, S; mon-kunne, S; man-qualm, pestilence, H; man-quellere, murderer, executioner, S2, S3, W, W2; mon-quellere, S; man-red(e), homage, S; man-scipe, homage, honour, S; mon-slaȝe, man-slayer, S; man-slecht, man-slaughter, S; man-sleiht, S; man-sleere, murderer, W2; mon-þewes, the morality of a grown up man, S.—AS. man.

Manace, sb. threat, C, SkD; manas, S2, WA, SkD; manauce, B; manassis, manaasis, pl., W.—OF. manace; Lat. minacia; see Constans.

Manacen, v. to threaten, C2, PP; manasside, pt. s., S2, W; manaasside, W2; manausyt, B.—OF. menacer.

Manasyng, sb. threatening, C, B.

Man-að, sb. perjury, SD; manaðas, pl., S.—AS. mán-áð; cp. Icel. mein-eiðr. AS. mán, wicked, wickedness; cp. Icel. meinn, base, mein, harm.

Manciple, sb. purveyor, S; see Maunciple.

Manden, v. to send forth, to command, S2.—OF. mander; Lat. mandare.

Mandragora, sb. mandrake, ND; mandrogoris, pl., W2.—OF. mandragore (Cotg.); Lat. mandragora (Vulg.).

Mandrak, sb. mandrake, Voc.; mandragge, Prompt.; mandrage, Cath.

Mane, sb. complaint, S2; see Mone.

Maner, sb. manor, PP; manere, P, Voc.; manoir, PP; maners, pl., farms, possessions, W; maneres, P.—AF. manere, maner, manoir; Late Lat. manerium (Ducange).

Manere, sb. a kind, sort, also manner, custom, S, S2, C, P; maneir, S2; maner, S3, C, P; measure, moderation, W; maners, pl., S2. Phr.: of manere, in his behaviour, C2; maner doctrine, kind of doctrine, C2; maner thing, maner sergeant, maner wyse, maner wyght, C2.—AF. manere; Late Lat. maneria, a kind, species (Ducange).

Mangen, Mangerie; see Maungen, Maungerye.

Manicle, sb. manacle, Cotg.; manycle, Prompt.; manakelle, Cath.; manykils, pl., H.—AF. manicle; Lat. manicula, dimin. of manica, glove, handcuff.

Maniple, sb. a scarf-like ornament worn about the left wrist of a sacrificing priest (Cotg.).—OF. manople (Cotg.).

Manke, sb. mancus, a piece of money, S; Low Lat. mancus (Ducange).

Manliche, adj. humane, P; manly, adv., boldly, S2, G; monluker, comp., S.

Mansed, pp. excommunicated, cursed, P; mousede, PP.—For amansed; AS. amánsed. See Amansien.

Mansion, sb. mansion (a term in astrology), C2.—AF. mansion; Late Lat. mansionem.

Mantel, sb. mantle, S; mentil, W2.—AF. mantel.

Mantelet, sb. a little mantle, C.—OF. mantelet (Cotg.).

Mantled, pp. covered, adorned with flowers, S3; i-mantlet, mantled, S.

Manye, adj. many, PP; manige, S; maniȝe, S; manie, mani, S; moni, S, S2; mony, S. Comb.: manifeald, manifold, S; manifald, S; manigefold, S; monifald, moniuold, S; manifældlice, manifold, S; monyvolde, S2; monimon, S2; monion, S2; maniȝ-whatt, many a subject, S; manywhat, S2.—AS. manig.

Marchaundise, sb. merchandise, traffic, PP; marchaundye, S2.—AF. marchaundise.

Marchaunt, sb. merchant, PP; marchantz, pl., S2; marchans, PP.—AF. marchant, merchaunt, OF. marchëant, marcëant (Bartsch); Late Lat. mercatantem, see Brachet.

Marche, sb. the month of March, Prompt.; mershe, S2.—Late Lat. marcius (Prompt.); Lat. martius, the month of Mars.

Marche, sb. a border of a territory, district, province, PP, Cath. Comb.: march-parti, border-country, S3.—AF. marche.

Marchen, v. to border, SD; marcheth to, borders on, S2.

Marchen, v. to march, go, PP.—OF. marcher (Cotg.).

Mare, adj. comp. greater, S; see More.

Marewe, sb. morning, S2; see Morwe.

Margarite, sb. pearl, Cath., W, W2; margrite, WA; margery, Prompt.; margaritis, pl., W. Comb.: margery(e)-perles, pearls, S2, PP, Palsg.—Lat. margarita (Vulg.); Gr. μαργαρίτης.

Marie, v. to give in marriage, PP; marieden, pt. pl., were married, PP; maried, PP; y-maried, PP.—OF. marier; Lat. maritare.

Marie, inter. marry! i.e. by S. Mary! C3; mari, PP.

Mark, sb. a coin, Prompt., C3, PP; marke, PP; mark, pl., C3; marc, S3.—AF. marc; cp. Low Lat. marca (Ducange).

Markis, sb. marquis, C2.—AF. marchis; Low Lat. marchensis, the governor of the marches or frontiers. See Marche.

Markisesse, sb. marchioness, C2.

Marle, sb. marl, creta, Cath., Voc.; marle, marga, Manip.; marl, chalk, Prompt.—OF. marle (mod. marne); Late Lat. margila; dimin. of marga (Pliny).

Marl-pytte, sb. chalk-pit, Prompt.

Marlyd, adj. cretatus, Prompt.; y-marled, S2.

Marschal, sb. marshal, steward, C, PP; marchal, PP; marschall, B; marschalle, Cath.; mareschal, PP.—AF. mareschal (marchal); Low Lat. mariscalcus; OHG. maraschalh, a horse-servant; OHG. marah + OHG. schalh: Goth. skalks. See Mere.

Martre, sb. marten, a kind of weasel. SkD.—OF. martre. Cf. Merð.

The form Merð does not occur in the Dictionary. The entries for Ful-mard and Methes-chele both give mearð as the AS. root.

Martrik, sb. marten, S3; mertrik, JD.

Martryn, sb. marten’s fur, HD; marterns, pl., HD; marterons, HD; matrons, HD.

Martyr, sb. martyr, Cath.—AF. martir; Church Lat. martyr (Vulg.); Gr. μάρτυρ.

Martyr, v. to torment, Cath.; martyre, C.—AF. martirer.

Martyrdome, sb. torment, martyrdom, Cath.; martirdam, C.

Mary, sb. marrow, C, C3, Prompt., Cath. (n); marghe, Cath.; mergh, H; merghe, Cath. (n), H; marȝ, Cath. (n); merowȝ, W2; merowis, pl., W2.—AS. mearh.

Maschen, v. to mash, beat into a confused mass; maschyn (in brewing), Prompt.; meshe, S.—Cp. MHG. meisch; see Kluge.

Mase, sb. maze, confusion, a wild fancy, confused throng, P, S2, C.

Mased, pp. confused, bewildered, WA, PP, S2, C3.

Masednesse, sb. amaze, C2.

Maseliche, adv. confusedly, SkD (s.v. maze).

Maselin, sb. a kind of drinking-cup, sometimes made of maslin, HD; maselyn, C2. See Mestling.

Massage, sb. message, S3; see Message.

Masse, sb. mass, P; see Messe.

Mast, most, S2; see Most.

Mastilȝon, sb. mixtilio, a mixture of wheat and rye, Cath.; mastlyone, HD (s.v. maslin); mastline, ND; mestlyone, mixtilio, Prompt.—Late Lat. mestillionem, mistilionem, mestilonem, see Ducange (s.v. mixtum), also mixtilionem (Voc.); cp. OF. mesteil (meteil in Cotg.). Cp. Mestling.

Mat, pt. s. measured, W; see Meten.

Mate, adj. defeated utterly, confounded, exhausted, dispirited, B, SkD; mat, C3; maat, C, S3.—OF. mat; Arab. mât, dead (used in chess).

Mate, sb. checkmate, S3.

Maten, v. to checkmate, defeat, confound, S3, HD; matyn, Prompt.—OF. mater.

Matere, sb. material, stuff, matter, subject, S2, C, C2, C3, PP; mater, PP; mateere, C, PP; matiere, S2; materie, S2.—OF. matere; Lat. materia.

Maðelen, v. to talk, S.—AS. maðelian, to harangue, from mæðel, council, meeting; cp. Goth. mathljan, to speak, from mathl, a meeting-place, market, also Icel. mæla, from mál; herewith is connected Low Lat. mallum, parliament.

Maðem, sb. treasure, SD; madmes, pl., S.—AS. máðum (mádm).

Matrimoyne, sb. matrimony, C; matermoyn, H.—AF. matrimonie; Lat. matrimonium.

Maugre, prep. in spite of, S2, S3, C, C2; maugree, S2; mawgre, C; mawgreith, PP.—OF. maugre (F. malgré); Lat. malum + gratum.

Maugre, sb. illwill, PP; mawgre, S2, P; mawgry, Cath.; magger, S3. Phr.: in the magger of, in spite of, S3; addylle mawgry, demeritare, Cath.

Maumet, sb. idol, puppet, doll, ND, S2, PP; mawmet, W, H; mawment, Prompt., Cath.; mawmez, mawmex, pl., S; maumettis, W; maumetys, mawmetis, pl., H; mammets, Sh.—OF. mahumet idol, also Muhammed. See Mahoun.

Maumettrie, sb. idolatry, Mahometanism, S2; maumettrye, C3; mawmetry, H; mawmetrye, PP; mawmentrye, Prompt.; maumentry, WA.

Maunciple, sb. purveyor, C, C3; manciple, S.—OF. mancipe: OIt. mancipio, slave, vassal, bailiff, manciple; Lat. mancipium, slave, properly possession, property. For the intrusive l, see Cronicle.

Maundee, sb. maundy, the washing of the disciples’ feet, PP.—OF. mandé; Church Lat. mandatum, the foot-washing (Ducange); Lat. mandatum, something commanded. See Manden.

Maundement, sb. commandment, W, PP; maundemens, pl., S2.—OF. mandement (Cotg.).

Maungen, v. to eat, PP; maunged, pp., P; i-maunget, S2; manged, PP.—OF. mangier; Lat. manducare.

Maungerye, sb. a feast, PP; mangerie, PP; mangerye, G.—AF. mangerie.

Mavis, sb. the thrush, Cotg.; mavice, Prompt.; mavys, Palsg.; mavyss, S3.—OF. mauvis (Cotg.); cp. It. maluíccio (Florio).

Mawe, sb. maw, stomach, C2, C3, W2, PP; maw, PP; maghe (= vulva), H.—AS. maga (Voc.).

Mawe, Mayct; see Mæi.

May, sb. the month of May, PP; mey, S2.—OF. mai; Lat. maius.

May, sb. a virgin, S2, S3, C3, PP, JD.—AS. mǽg, ‘(cognata) femina, virgo;’ see Grein. Cf. Mæi.

May, pr. s. may, can, S2; see Mæi.

May, adj. comp. pl. more in number, B; see Mo.

Mayde, sb. maid, PP, SkD; maide, PP, S; meide, S; mede, S.

Mayden, sb. maiden, PP; maydene, PP; meiden, S, SkD; mæiden, S; maydenes, pl., bachelors and spinsters, PP; maidenes, S; maydnes, S.—AS. mæden (Voc.), mægden (Grein).

Maydenhod(e), sb. virginity, PP, C; maydenhede, C3; meidenhed, SkD.

Mayn, sb. strength, S3, G, PP, B; main, S: mane, B.—AS. mægen; cp. Icel. megin.

Mayne, sb. a company, S2; mayny, S2; see Meyne.

Maynful, adj. powerful, SD; meinfule, S.

Mayre, sb. mayor, PP; maire, PP; meyr, Prompt.; maires, pl., P; meires, S2, PP; meyris, chief justices, W.—AF. meyre, metre, meir, maire; Lat. maiorem, greater.

Mayster, sb. master, S, C, S2; maystyr, Prompt.; maister, S, C, C2, S2; maistre, P; meister, S; mistres, pl., S2, G, P; maistris, W2.—OF. maistre; Lat. magistrum.

Mayster, adj. chief; maister, C, C2; leister, S.—OF. maistre.

Maysterful, adj. powerful; maistirful, W.

Maystresse, sb. mistress, Prompt.; maistresse, S2, C2.—OF. maistresse (Cotg.).

Maystrye, sb. mastery, Prompt., PP, S2; maistri(e), S2, W2; maistry, S3; Maistre, C; meystry, S2; mastry, B.—OF. maistrie.

Me, conj. but, S, SD.—Cp. OLG. men.

Me, pron. indef. a man, one, people, PP, G, S2, S3, W; see Men.

Mearren, v. to mar, S; see Merren.

Mebles, sb. pl. moveable property, PP; see Mobyle.

Mede, sb. mead (the drink), C2, Prompt.; methe, SkD; meth, CM.—AS. meodu (see Sievers, 106); cp. μέθυ.

Mede, sb. mead, meadow, S, C, PP; medewe, Prompt. Comb.: medwe-grene, green as a meadow, S2.—AS. mæd (pl. mædwa); see Sievers, 259.

Mede, sb. reward, bribery, S, S2, S3, W2, P; meede, S2, G; meed, S3; meede, C, W. Comb.: med-ȝierne, yearning for reward, S; medyorne, S.—AS. méd: OMerc. meord (OET): Goth. mizdo; see Sievers, 181.

Meden, v. to reward, PP, Prompt.

Medlee, adj. mixed in colour, C; medle, Prompt.—OF. medle, mesle. Cf. Melle.

Medlen, v. to mix, Prompt., C3, W2, W; mell, S3; melland, pr. p., B; melles, pr. s., H; mellede, pt. s., S2; mellid, PP; mellit, pp., S3; y-melled, S2; y-medled, S3.—OF. medler, mesler; Late Lat. misculare, from miscere.

Medlynge, sb. mixture, joining; meddlynge, W, W2; mellyng, mingling, fighting, S2.

Medwe-grene, adj. green as a meadow, S2; see Mede.

Meel, sb. a stated time, meal, C, C3; mel, S; mele, pl., meal-times, S; meeles, S2, PP; meles, PP.—AS. mǽl: Goth. mēl; see Sievers, 17.

Meiden, sb. maiden, S; see Mayden.

Meined, pp. mixed, S2; meint, S3; see Mengen.

Meinfule, adj. powerful, S; see Maynful.

Meire, sb. mayor, S2; see Mayre.

Meister, adj. chief, S; see Mayster.

Meister, sb. master, S; see Mayster.

Meistre, sb. mistress, S.

Meistren, v. to be master of, S.

Meið-had, sb. virginity; meiðhades, gen., S.—AS. mægðháð, from mægð, virgin, woman: Goth. magaths; see Sievers, 49.

Meke, adj. meek, C, C2, Prompt.; meoc, S.—Icel. mjúkr, soft.

Mekely, adv. meekly, Prompt.; mekly, S2; meocliȝ, S.

Meken, v. to render meek, to humble, S2, S3, W, W2, P, Prompt.

Mekenesse, sb. softness, clemency, Prompt.; meknes, S2; meocnesse S.

Mekil, adj. much, S3; see Mochel.

Mel, sb. a meal, S; see Meel.

Melden, v. to show, SD; meld, to accuse, S2.—AS. meldian (Voc.); cp. OHG. meldôn (Otfrid).

Mele, sb. meal, ground corn, S, PP.—AS. meolu (Sievers, 249); cp. OHG. melo (Tatian).

Melen, v. to speak, to converse, PP, S2, WA; melleth, pr. s., P; mellud, pt. s., P.—AS. (ge)mǽlan.

Mell, v. to mix, mingle, meddle, fight with, B, S3, H, WA; see Medlen.

Mellè, sb. an affray, contest, medley, B.—OF. mellee, meslee. Cf. Medlee.

Mellere, sb. miller, C; see Mylnere.

Mel-stan, sb. mill-stone, S; see Mylle.

Melten, v. to melt, PP; molte, pt. s., S3.—AS. meltan, pt. s. mealt (mált), pl. multon, pp. molten.

Membre, sb. member, limb, PP.—AF. membre; Lat. membrum.

Men, pron. indef. a man, one, people, PP, S2; me, S. See Man.

Mene, adj. common, poor, mean, PP, S3; meane, S.—AS. (ge)mǽne, common.

Mene, adj. mean, middle, S2, C3; meyne, Cath. Comb.: menewhile, meanwhile, S2; menewhiles, S2.—AF. mene; OF. meiain (F. moyen); Lat. medianum.

Mene, sb. a mean, mediator, PP, HD; meane, S3; menes, pl., means, S2, C3, P. See above.

Menen, v. to mean, signify, to intend, PP, S, CM, S2, WA.

Menen, v. to remember, H, HD; meyne, B.

Menen, v. to complain, lament, bemoan, S2, PP, WA; meyne, B; menys, pr. s., S3; menyt, pt. s., S2; ment S2.—AS. mǽnan, to make moan, complain. See Mone.

Mengen, v. to commemorate, mention, remember, PP, WA; munge, PP; minegen, S; mengen here, v. refl. to remember herself, reflect, PP.—AS. (ge)mynegian, to remember, remind.

Mengen, v. to mix, PP, H, S2; mingen, S3; myngen, W; myngide, pt. s., W; meynde, S; mæingde, S; i-mengd, pp., S; meynd, S, S2, W; meined, S2; meint, S3; meynt, S3; ment, S3; y-mengd, S2; y-meynd, C; i-meind, S.—AS. (ge)mengan.

Mennesse, sb. communion, fellowship, S2. See Mene.

Mennisc, adj. humanus, SD; mannish, man-like, C3.—AS. mennisc, mannish, human; cp. Icel. mennskr.

Mennisscleȝȝc, sb. humanity, S.

Mennisscnesse, sb. humanity, S.

Menske, sb. honour, dignity among men, S, S2, HD; mensk, S2, B; mensc, favour, S2.—Icel. mennska, humanity.

Menskelye, adv. worthily, reverently, S2; menskly, B.

Mensken, v. to honour, S, HD, S2, P.

Menskful, adj. worshipful, noble, S2.

Menskfully, adv. honourably, B.

Menstralcye, sb. minstrelsy, C; see Mynstralcie.

Ment; see Menen (3) and Mengen.

Mentil, sb. mantle, W2; see Mantel.

Menusen, v. to minish, make less, SkD, WW, CM; minyshe, S3.—AF. menuser, OF. menuisier; Late Lat. minutiare, from minutus, lessened.

Menynge, sb. meaning, signification, intention, PP.

Menyng(e), sb. remembrance, mention, H.

Menyng(e), sb. complaining, PP.

Menȝe, a company, S2; menȝhe, S2; see Meyne.

Meobles, sb. pl., moveable property, PP; see Mobyle.

Meoc, adj. meek, S; see Meke.

Meocleȝȝc, sb. meekness, S.—Icel. mjúkleikr, nimbleness.

Meocnesse, sb. meekness, S; see Mekenesse.

Mercy, sb. mercy, Prompt.; merci, S; mercy, (your) pardon, P.—AF. merci, OF. mercid; Late Lat. mercedem, a gratuity, pity, mercy; in Lat. pay, reward.

Mercyable, adj. merciful, C2, PP.

Mercyen, v. to thank, PP, S2; mercien, to amerce, fine, PP.—OF. mercier, to thank.

Mercyment, sb. amercement, fine, P, Prompt., Cath.—Late Lat. merciamentum.

Mere, adj. famous, S; mare, S.—AS. mǽre (mére): Goth. mērs; see Fick (7. 233), and Sievers, 17.

Mere, sb. a mare, S2, C, Cath.; meere, Prompt.—AS. mere, f. of mearh, horse; cp. OIr. marc.

Mere, sb. limit, boundary, S2; meer, Prompt. Comb.: mere-stane, boundary stone, Cath.—AS. (ge)mǽre.

Mere, sb. sea, a mere, Prompt., WA. Comb.: mere-mayd, mermaid, siren, CM; mermayde, C; mere-swin, porpoise, SD; mersuine, pl., S2.—AS. mere, sea, lake: OHG. mari; cp. Goth. marei.

Merels, sb. pl. merelles, or nine men’s morris, S3.—OF. merelles (Cotg.); merel (Ducange); cp. Low Lat. merellus, merallus, a counter, token, a piece in draughts (Ducange); see Brachet.

Merghe, sb. marrow, H, Cath. (n); see Mary.

Merghid, pp. full of marrow, H.

Meridional, adj. southern, C2.—OF. meridional (Cotg.). From Lat. meridies, midday.

Merke, adj. dark, mirk, murky, PP, CM, S2, H; mirke, S, S2, H; myrk, S2, H; merk, PP; meerk, PP.—AS. myrce, mirce, murc; cp. Icel. myrkr, Dan. mörk.

Merke, sb. darkness, PP.

Merkenesse, sb. darkness, PP; mirkenes, S2, H; myrknes, S2, H.

Merle, sb. blackbird, S3, ND.—OF. merle (Cotg.); Lat. merula.

Merling, sb. the whiting, S2, Manip., Cotg.; merlynge, Prompt.—OF. merlan (Cotg.), from Lat. merula (cp. Late Lat. merula in Voc. 642. 13).

Merlion, sb. merlin, a small hawk, CM; merlyone, Prompt.; marlin, Cotg.—OF. esmerillon (Cotg.), dimin. of *esmerle; cp. It. smerlo (Florio), G. schmerl.

Mermayde, sb. mermaid, C; see Mere, sb. (3).

Merren, v. to mar, S; mearren, S; marre, PP; merrið, pr. pl., S.—AS. merran (in compounds): OS. merrian, to hinder: OHG. marrjan: Goth. marzjan.

Mersche, sb. marsh, SkD; mershe, dat., S.—AS. mersc.

Mershe, sb. March, S2; see Marche.

Mersuine, sb. pl. porpoises, S2; see Mere, sb. (3).

Merthe, sb. mirth, PP; see Murthe.

Merueile, sb. marvel, wonder, PP; merueyle, S2; meruaille, C2; mervaylle, C.—OF. merveille; Lat. mirabilia (n. pl.).

Merueillous(e), adj. marvellous, C2, PP.—OF. merveillos.

Mery, adj. merry, cheerful, pleasant, PP; merie, S, C, C2; merye, W2; miri, S; mirye, CM; myry, Prompt.; myrie, W2; muri(e), S, C; merie, adv., S2, C2; muryer, comp., P; myriest, superl., S2, Comb.: merimake, merrymaking, S3; merie men, followers, C2; myry tottyr, a merry totter, swing, Prompt.; myry weder, pleasant weather, Prompt.; mery weder, Prompt. (n), Bardsley (p. 473).—AS. merg (Grein).

Mes-, prefix; mis-; mys-.—OF. mes-; Lat. minus, see Constans.

Mesauentur, sb. misadventure, S; mesaunture, S2; misauenture, C2, C3.

Meschaunce, sb. mischance, S2, C, C2, P; myschaunce, S2.

Mescheuen, v. to come to mischief, SD; mischeefe, destruere, Manip.

Meschief, sb. ill-fortune, C; myschief, S2, P; mischiefe, flagitium, Manip.

Meseise, sb. discomfort, PP, S2; miseise, PP; myseise, PP, S2, W; myseese, W; myseyse, adj., uneasy, P; mesaise, sb., S.

Meseiste, sb. poverty; myseiste, W2.

Mesel, sb. leper, CM, PP, W.—AF. mesel; Late Lat. misellus, leper (Ducange), dimin. of Lat. miser, wretched.

Meselrye, sb. leprosy, Cath. (n); mesylery, Voc.—OF. mesellerie, leprosy (Ducange). See above.

Meson-deu, sb. hospital, PP; maisondewe, Cath. (n), HD; masyndewe, Cath.; mesondieux, pl., P.—OF. maison Dieu, hospital (Cotg.).

Message, sb. mission, message, messenger, S2, C3; massage, S3.—AF. message; Late Lat. missaticum (Brachet).

Messager, sb. messenger, S2, C, C2, C3, G, PP; masager, PP; messanger, PP.—AF. messager.

Messe, sb. mass, S, P; mess, S3; masse, P; messes, pl., P. Comb.: messe-bok, mass-book, S; messe-cos, mass-kiss, S; mæsse-dæi, mass-day, S; messe-gere, mass-gear, S; masse-peny, mass-fee, S3; massepans, pl., P.—AS. mæsse; Church Lat. missa.

Meste, adj. superl. greatest, chief, S, S2; meste, C2; see Most.

Mester, sb. art, trade, occupation, PP, C, CM; mestier, PP, HD; meister, S; meoster, S; myster, PP, B; mister, B; misteir, B. Phr.: mester men, sort of men, C.—OF. and AF. mester, mestier, occupation, business, need; Lat. ministerium, see Brachet (s.v. métier).

Mester, sb. need, want; mister, S2, B, HD, Cath.; myster, C, B; mysteir, S2; mystur, HD; mystir, B; mystere, HD, H. The same word as above, see NQ (6. 4. 161).

Mestling, sb. a kind of mixed metal, Cath. (p. 230, n. 3); masalyne, Cath.—AS. mæstling (mæstlinc, ‘auricalcos,’ Voc.). Cf. Maselin.

Mestling, sb. mixed corn, Cath. (p. 230, n. 3); mastlyn, HD; masslin, Cotg. (s.v. metail); maslin, HD; meslin, Prompt. (p. 335 n) Cotg. (s.v. tramois); messling, Cotg. Cf. Mastilȝon.

Mesurable, adj. moderate, C, C2, C3, P; mesurabul, S2.

Mesure, sb. measure, moderation, S2, C2, PP; mesur, S2, B; meosure, S.—AF. mesure; Lat. mensura.

Met, sb. measure, moderation, S; mete, dat., S; meete, S2.—AS. (ge)met. Cf. Meten.

Mete, adj. meet, fitting, close-fitting, S2, S3, Prompt.—AS. mǽte, tight-fitting; cp. (ge)met, meet, fit, see SkD.

Mete, sb. food, a meal, feast, S, S2, C, W2, PP; meten, pl., S; meetis, W2. Comb.: mete-graces, graces at meat, S; mete-niðinges, meat-niggards, S.—AS. mete (OET): Goth. mats, from matjan, to eat; see Sievers, 263.

Metels, sb. dream, vision, PP; meteles, PP. See below.

Meten, v. to dream, CM, PP, S; meeten, S2, PP; mette, pt. s., C2, P; met, pp., C.—AS. mǽtan.

Meten, v. to paint, design, SD; metedd, pp., S.

Meten, v. to meet, PP; mette, pt. s., S.—AS. métan: OS. mótian. From AS. mót. See Moot.

Meten, v. to mete, measure, S2; meete, W2; mete, P; met, S2; meten, pr. pl., W; mat, pt. s., W.—AS. (ge)metan; cp. Goth. mitan, see Sievers, 19.

Mete-wand, sb. a measuring stick, WW.

Mete-yarde, sb. measuring-rod, S3, WW.

Meth, adj. mild, courteous, HD; methe, HD.

Meth, sb. moderation, mildness, S, S2, WA; meað, S; meþe, S2.—AS. mǽð, measure.

Methes-chele, sb. marten’s skin, S.—AS. mearð (Voc.).

Með-ful, adj. moderate, S.

Með-les, adj. immoderate; meþelez, S2.

Metrete, sb. measure, W.—Lat. metreta (Vulg.).

Metyng(e), sb. dreaming, PP; metinge, S.—AS. mǽting (Grein).

Metynge, sb. measuring, measure; metinge, S2.

Meuen, v. to move, suggest, PP; meued, pp., S3; see Mouen.

Mewe, sb. a coop for fowls, C, C2, Manip.; mue, SD.—OF. mue, a coop for fowls, the moulting of feathers (Cotg.). See below.

Mewen, v. to mew, moult, SkD, Cotg.—OF. muer (Cotg.); Lat. mutare, to change. Cf. Moutin.

Mey, sb. May, S2; see May.

Meyn, sb. intent, S3; mein, JD. See Menen.

Meyn, v. to remember, be mindful of, B; meyne, B; see Menen.

Meyne, v. to moan, lament, B; see Menen.

Meynè, sb. household, retinue, train, company, S2, S3, C, W, PP; meynee, C2, W2; meyny, S2; mayne, S2; mayny, S2, S3; meine, S2; menȝe, S2, H, Cath.; menȝhe, S2; meany, S3; meny, Prompt.; meynes, pl., W; meynees, W2; menȝes, menȝis, H.—OF. meisnee, maisnee; Low Lat. maisnada, *mansionata, from Lat. mansio.

Meyneal, adj. homely, W; of one’s household, W2; menyall, SkD; meyneals, sb. pl., they of the household, W2. See above.

Meynpernour, sb. a taker by the hand, bail, surety, P.—AF. meynpernour.

Meynprise, sb. a taking by the hand, bail, security, P; maynpris, G.—AF. meinprise.

Meynprise, v. to be surety for, PP.

Meyntene, v. to support, abet (in an action at law), P, S2; mayntene, to maintain, C, P.—AF. meyntener.

Meyntenour, sb. supporter, PP.—AF. meintenour.

Miche, adj. much, S2; see Moche.

Mid (1), prep. with, S, S2; myd, S, S2, P; mit, S; mide, S, S2; myde, S2. Comb.: mitte (mit þe), with the, S2; mitte (mit þe), with thee, S; mid-al, withal, S; midalle, altogether, S; mid-iwisse, certainly, S; mid-ywisse, S; myd-iwisse, S.—AS. mid.

Mid (2), adj. mid, SD. Comb.: mid-morwen, mid-morning, S; mid-morwetide, SD; mid-ouernon, middle of the afternoon; hei midouernon, fully the middle of the afternoon, S2; midewinter, Christmas, S2; midwinterdæi, sb. dat., Christmas-day, S; midwinter-day, S2; mid-ward, middle, S2.—AS. mid-.

Middel, adj. and sb. middle, waist, SkD, S, S2, C; myddel, PP; myddil, W; myddeleste, superl., G. Comb.: middel-niȝte, midnight, S.—AS. middel, sb.

Middel-erd, sb. the middle abode, the world, S; middeleard, S; myddelerd, S, PP; midelerd, S; mydlerd, S2, PP; mydelerd, PP; medlert, JD.—Cp. OS. middilgard, OHG. mittila gart (Tatian). Cf. Middeneard.

Midden-eard, sb. the middle abode, the abode of men, S; middenærd, S; middenard, S; midenarde, dat., S.—AS. middan-eard for middan-geard, ‘middle enclosure’ (OET), the earth situated between heaven and hell, see Sweet, and Sievers, 214, n. 5; cp. Goth. midjungards, Icel. miðgarðr. See CV., and Grimm, Teut. M, p. 794.

Middes, only in phr.: in middes, in the midst, PP; in þe myddes, PP, S2; in (fro) þe myddis, PP, S3, W, W2; in the mydis, W2.—From mid, adj. The -es gives the phrase an adverbial force. The older forms (in Layamon) are a midde, a midden; AS. on middan.

Midwif, sb. midwife, SD, SkD; mydwyf, SkD; mydwyfe, Prompt.; mydewyf, SkD; medwyfe, Cath.; medewife, SkD; medewyues, pl., S2. See Mid (1).

Mightand, pr. p., as adj. having might, S2.

Mihel, sb. Michael, SD; Myȝhele, HD; Mihil, ND.—Church Lat. Michael (Vulg.), from the Heb.

Mihel-masse, sb. Michaelmas, SD; Mihelmas, ND; Myhelmasse, PP; Misselmasse, S2.

Miht, 2 pr. s. mayest, S; see Mæi.

Mihte, pt. s. might, S; micte, S; michte, S; migte, S; see Mahte.

Mikel, adj. and adv. great, much, S, S2; see Muchel.

Milce, sb. mercy, S, S2, HD; mylce, S; milche, S.—AS. milts, from milde, mild, gentle; see Sievers, 198, 4.

Milcien, v. to show mercy, S; milcenn, S; milsien, S.—AS. milsian, miltsian.

Milde, adj. mild, S, S2; myld, S. Comb.: mild-heorte, merciful in heart, SD; mild-heorted, S; milde-herted, S2; mild-herrtleȝȝc, mildheartedness, compassion, S; mild-heortnesse, clemency, S; mildhertnesse, S.—AS. milde.

Miles, sb. pl., animals, S2.—Cf. W. mil, an animal, beast; miled, a wild animal (W. W. S.).

Min, pron. poss. my, S, S2; myn, S, C2, PP; mi, S, S2; mines, gen., S; mine, dat., S; mire, gen. and dat. f., S; mynen, pl., W2. Phr.: myn one, by myself, alone, PP.—AS. mín.

Min, sb. memory, S2; see Mynne.

Mines, 2 pr. s. rememberest, S2; see Mynne.

Minion, sb. a favourite, a lover, Sh. TG, ND; bellulus, Manip.; minyons, pl., S3.—OF. mignon (Cotg.); cp. It. mignone (Florio).

Minion, adj. small, pretty; mynyon, ND; mynionly, adv. delicately, ND.

Mint, pt. s. purposed, S; see Munten.

-mint, suffix.—AS. mynt, -mynd: Goth. -mundiþa, see Sievers, 255, 3. Cf. Wurthmint.

Minute, sb. a mite, moment of time, HD; mynute, Prompt.; mynutis, pl., small pieces of money, W. Comb.: mynutwhile, PP; myntwhile, PP; myntewhile, PP.—Lat. minutum (Vulg.). Cf. Mite.

Minyshe, v. to minish, S3; see Menusen.

Mire, sb. ant, S; mowre, Cath.—Cp. Dan. myre, Icel. maurr.

Mire, my, gen. and dat. f. of Min.

Mirky, adj. dark, H. See Merke.

Mirre, sb. myrrh, S, PP; mir, S2; murre, PP; myrre, PP.—AS. myrre; Lat. myrrha (Vulg.); Gr. μύῤῥα.

Mirye, adj. merry, CM; see Mery.

Mis, adv. amiss, S, C3; mys, PP; mysse, S2.

Mis-, prefix; mys-, PP; mysse-, PP.—AS. mis-; Goth. missa-. Comb.: misbileue, suspicion, C3; misboden, injured, C, CM; misdede, misdeed, S, PP; misdeparten, to divide amiss, C2; misdo, to do amiss, PP, S, S2, C2; misfaren, to behave amiss, S; mysfare, to miscarry, PP; misgouernaunce, misconduct, C2; misgyed, misguided, C2; mys-happen, to meet with misfortune, PP; myshopand, despairing, H; misleuen, to believe wrongly, S; misliken, to displease, to be displeased, S, S2; misliking, displeasure, S2; myspay, to displease, H; misrede, to advise ill, S; misrempe, to go wide of the mark, S; mysreule, to misgovern, S3, PP; myssayde, abused, rebuked, slandered, PP; misseid, S2; missemand, misemand, unseemly, H; misteoðien, to mistithe (mis-iteoðeget, S); mistriste, to mistrust, C3; mysturne, to pervert, W, W2.

Mis-, prefix (of F. origin); see Mes-.

Mislich, adj. various, S; misliche, adv., S; mistlice, S.—AS. mislic (mistlic), various, adv. mislice (mistlice, Grein). For insertion of t see Sievers, 196, 1.

Misliche, adv. badly, miserably, S; missely, wrongly, S2.

Misse, sb. want, lack, fault, S; mysse, S, PP.

Missen, v. to miss, SD; mis, S2; mysseþ, pr. s., is without, PP.

Mister; see Mester.

Mistiloker, adj. comp. more mystic, PP; mystiloker, PP.

Misty, adj. mystic, mysterious; mysty, misticus, Prompt.; mistier, comp., PP.

Misty, adj. misty, nebulosus, Cath., Prompt.

Mite, sb. a mite, small coin, thing of no value, C3, Cotg. (s.v. minute); myte, PP; minutum, Cath., Prompt., WW. Comb.: mytewhile, a little while, PP. Cf. Minute.

Miteyn, sb. mitten, glove, C3; see Myteyne.

Mithen, v. to conceal, S, SD.—AS. míðan; cp. OHG. (bi)mídan (Tatian, p. 493).

Mix, sb. dung, S; a vile wretch, S2.—AS. mix, meox, meohx, Goth. maihstus; cp. OHG. mist (Tatian).

Mizzle, v. to rain slightly, S3, HD; miselle, mysylle, pluuitare, Cath.

Mo, adj. and adv. more, besides, others, S, S2, S3, C; moo, S3; ma, S, S2; may, pl., S3.—AS. má. (Mo properly means more in number; more means greater in magnitude.)

Mobyle, adj. moveable, S3; moebles, sb. pl., moveables, property, PP, C3; meobles, PP; mebles, PP.—OF. moble, also meuble (Cotg.); Lat. mobilem.

Moche, adj. and adv. great, much, S, S2, C2; see Muche.

Mochel; see Muchel.

Mod; see Mood.

Modder, sb. a young girl, Manip.; moder, Prompt.

Moder, sb. mother, S, S2, C, C3, PP; moderr, S; modir, W; modur, PP; mooder, S2, C2, C3; muddir, S3; moder, gen., S2, PP; modres, C3, PP. Comb.: moder-burh, metropolis, SD; moder-child, mother’s child, S; modirles, motherless, W2.—AS. módor: Lat. māter; see Douse, p. 51.

Modiȝleȝȝc, sb. pride, S.

Modiȝnesse, sb. pride, S.

Mody, adj. spirited, animosus, proud, PP, S2.

Moeued, pt. s. moved, disturbed, C3; see Mouen.

Moght, pt. s. might, S2; see Mahte.

Moich, adj. close, muggy, S3, JD.

Moile, v. to toil, to drudge, to defile, pollute, daub with dirt, SkD; moillen, to wet, SkD; moylynge, pr. p., S3.—AF. moiler, moiller, to wet; Late Lat. *molliare, from mollis, soft.

Moillier, sb. woman, wife, PP; muliere, PP; moylere, P.—OF. moillier, muiller; Lat. mulierem; cp. AF. mulier, muller.

Mok, sb. muck, filthy lucre, PP; muk, PP; mukke, Prompt.

Moky, adj. misty, HD. Cf. Moich.

Molde, sb. crumbling ground, earth, mould, S, S2, P, G; moolde, PP; mulde, WA; moldez, pl., dry pieces of mould, S2. Phr.: on molde, on the earth, in the world, S2, PP. Comb.: molde-ale, a funeral ale or banquet, Prompt.; mulde-mete, a funeral banquet, JD; moldwerp, mole, mouldcaster, SkD; moldwarp, Sh.; moldewarpe, Cath.—AS. molde. Cf. Mull.

Mole, sb. the moldwarp, talpa, Sh.; mowle, S3; molle, Prompt.—This word is short for molde-warp. See above.

Molte (for molt), pt. s. melted, S3; see Melten.

Mom, sb. the least sound that can be made with closed lips, PP, S2; mum, S3.

Momelen, v. to mumble, PP; mamely, P.

Mon, 1 pr. s. I must, B; pr. s., B; 2 pr. s., S3; mone, mayest, S2; pr. s., shall, S2; man, 1 pr. s., SD; 2 pr. pl., S2, B; mun, pr. s., S2, H.—Icel. munu, ‘debere’, pr. s. man (pl. munu).

Mon, sb. man, S; see Man.

Monchen, v. to munch, Cath. (n), Palsg., SkD; mounch, Sh.; munche, CM (4. 145); maunche, Palsg. (s.v. briffault); manche, Palsg.; mounchynge, pr. p., S3. Comb.: mounch-present, HD; maunche-present, Palsg., HD (s.v. munch); mawnche-presande, sycophant, Cath.; manch-present, dorophagus, Cath. (n).—Probably a variety of ME. maungen; OF. manger. For che = ge cp. ME. charche; OF. charche = charge (see MD), also F. revancher = OF. revenger (SkD).

Mone, sb. share, companion, S.—AS. (ge)mána, ‘societas’ (Voc.). See Ymone.

Mone, sb. moan, complaint, PP, S, S2; moone, PP, C; moon, S2; mayn, B; mayne, B, S3; mane, S2.

Mone, sb. moon, S, S2, S3, P; a lunation, P; moyne, Cath., B; moyn, B. Comb.: mone-dæi, dies lunae, Monday, S; moneday, S; mone-licht, moonlight, S.—AS. móna.

Monè, sb. money, S2; see Moneye.

Monek, sb. monk, S2; see Monk.

Monesten, v. to teach, admonish, W, W2, CM; moneishen, Cath. (n); monysche, Cath.; monest, pt. pl., B. See Amoneste.

Monestyng, sb. an admonition, W. W2, B; monyschynge, Cath.

Moneth, sb. month, S3, C, PP, B, WW, ND, Cath.; mooneþ, S2, PP; monythe, Prompt.; monyth, S2; monethe, W; monthe, PP; monthe, pl., C2; monethis, W. Comb.: moneth-minde, a service in memory of the dead a month after decease, ND; month-mind, HD; months minde, ND; months mind, a strong inclination, ND, Sh.—AS. mónað, from móna, moon.

Moneye, sb. money, C3, PP; monè, S2, PP.—AF. moneie, moneye, monee; Lat. moneta.

Moneyeles, adj. moneyless, PP; monelees, PP.

Mong-corn(e), sb. mixed corn, S3, Prompt.; moncorne, HD. See Mengen.

Moni, adj. many, S, S2; mony, S; see Manye.

Monk, sb. monk, PP; monek, S2; munec, S; muneces, pl., S; munekes, S; monekes, S, S2; monkes, S.—AS. munec; Lat. monachus; Gr. μοναχός, solitary.

Monkrye, sb. monkery, the race of monks, S3.

Monsede, pp. cursed, PP; see Mansed.

Moo-; see also under Mo-.

Mood, sb. anger, pride, mind, C; mod, S, S2; mode, dat., S, S2.—AS. mód; cp. OHG. muot (Tatian).

Moode, sb. mud, S3; see Mud.

Mool-bery, sb. mulberry, SkD; mulbery, Cath.—Cp. MHG. mūlber (G. maulbeere); OHG. mūrberi, mōrberi (the l in the later forms being due to dissimilation); see Kluge; AS. mór; OHG. mōr; Lat. morus. See More.

Moot, sb. assembly, G, PP; mot, PP. Comb.: moot-halle, hall of assembly, court, P, G, W; mote-halle, G, PP.—AS. mót. Cf. Mote.

Moralitee, sb. morality, i.e. a moral tale, C3.—OF. moralite (Cotg.).

Mordre, sb. murder, C; see Morther.

More, sb. mulberry-tree; mours, pl., H. Comb.: more-tre, mulberry-tree, W; moore-trees, pl., W2; mur-berien, pl. mulberries, Voc.—Lat. morus, mulberry-tree (Vulg.); cp. Gr. μόρον, mulberry. Cf. Moolbery.

More, sb. moor, Prompt., H, PP; mor, S2; mwr, B; mwre, S2, B.—AS. mór.

More, adj. and adv. comp. more, greater, elder, S, S2, W, W2, PP, WW; mor, S, PP; moare, S; mayr, S3, B; mair, B; mære, S; mare, S, S2; mar, S, B; marere, H.—AS. mára. See Mo.

More, sb. root, S2, PP, HD; moore, CM.—AS. mora (Voc. 135. 28, 29, 32); cp. MHG. morâ, more, see Weigand (s.v. möhre).

Moreyne, sb. murrain, PP; moreyn, S2, Prompt.; morrein, WW; moryn, H; murrins, pl., WW.—AF. morine; cp. Low Lat. morina, a pestilence among animals (Ducange).

Morkin, sb. a beast that dies by disease or accident, RD, HD, ND.—Cp. Late Lat. morticinium (Ducange), whence Ir. muirtchenn, Wel. burgyn.

Morknen, v. to rot, SD; mourkne, S2.—Icel. morkna.

Mormal, sb. cancer or gangrene, CM, C, Prompt., RD, SD, ND, HD; mormall, Palsg.; mortmal, ND; morimal, RD; marmole, RD.—Cp. Late Lat. malum mortuum, a disease of the feet and shins (Ducange).

Morris, adj. Moorish, sb. morris-dance, Sh., ND; morisco, SkD; a morris-dancer, SkD. Comb.: morris-dance, Moorish dance, Sh.; morrys-daunce, HD; morres-dauncers, morris-dancers, HD; morrice-bells, bells for a morris-dance, S3; morris-pike, a large pike (weapon), HD, Sh.—Late Lat. moriscus, Moorish.

Morsel, sb. morsel, PP, B; mossel, SkD; mussel, W, W2, PP; musselle, Voc.—AF. morsel; Lat. morsellum, a little bit; dimin. of morsus. Cf. Mosel.

Morther, sb. murder; morthir, PP; morthre, C; morder, PP; mordre, C.—AS. morðor; cp. Low Lat. murdrum.

Morther, v. to murder, PP, S2; morthre, C; mordre, C, C2; murther, C.

Mortherer, sb. murderer, PP; mordrer, C, C2.

Mortifie, v. to mortify, to produce change by chemical action, C3.—OF. mortifier; Lat. mortificare.

Mortreux, sb. messes of pounded meat, C; mortrewes, CM, PP; mortrwys, Prompt.; mortrws, Cath.; mortesse, Palsg.; mortrels, PP; mortreuus, (mortrews), PP, Prompt. (n) Voc.; mortrus, Voc.—OF. mortreux, see Ducange (s.v. mortea), connected with Lat. mortarium, a morter.

Morwe, sb. morrow, the morning, PP, S2, C2, C3; marewe, S2; morow, S3. Phr.: to morwe, cras, Voc. Comb.: morȝe-mete, morning meal, S; morewtid, morrow, W; morowtid, W; morutid, W2; morȝeue, dos nuptialis, SD; moryve, Prompt.

Morwen, sb. morn, morrow, S, PP; morȝen, SD. Phr.: to morwen, S.—AS. morgen, Goth. maurgins.

Morwenynge, sb. morning, PP, C2; morwnynge, S2; moreȝening, S.

Mose, sb. titmouse, S.—AS. máse, see SkD. (s.v. titmouse).

Mosel, sb. muzzle, nose of an animal, C, CM.—OF. musel (now museau): Prov. mursel: OF. *morsel. See Morsel, and cf. Musen.

Mosell, v. to muzzle, SkD; moosel, Manip.

Moskles, sb. pl. mussels (shell fish), S2; see Muskylle.

Most, adj. superl. greatest, chief, PP, S2; moste, S, PP; mooste, W2; mast, S2; maste, S2; maist, B; mayst, B; mest, S, S2; meste, C2; meast, S. Comb.: meste del, the greatest part, S2.—AS. mǽst.

Mot, 1 pr. s. may, must, S, C2, C3, PP; mote, S, PP; most, 2 pr. s., must, S, S2; mot, 2 pr. s. subj., S3; mot, pr. s., can, must, S, S2, S3; moot, S2, C; moȝt, S2; moten, pl., S, PP; mote, S2, PP; moste, pt. s., was obliged, S, S2, C3, PP; pl., S, S2; most, S2, PP; moist, pt. s., S3.—AS. mót, 2 pr. s., móst, pl. móton, pt. s. móste.

Mote, sb. moat, agger, fossa, P; a pond, Manip.; castle, palace, WA; moote, Prompt.; mot, PP.—OF. mote, embankment, also motte (Cotg.).

Mote, v. to summon before a mot (court), to plead, dispute, discuss a law case, PP, S2; mootyn, Prompt.; motien, S.—AS. mótian (Leo). See Moot.

Mote, sb. note on the huntsman’s horn, CM; moot, HD; mot, S3 (7. 16).—OF. mot, ‘the note winded by an huntsman on his horn’ (Cotg.).

Motlè, sb. motley, a dress of many colours, Prompt.; motley, Sh., ND; motteleye, C; mottelay, Cath.—OF. mattele, clotted, curdled (Cotg.).

Motoun, sb. a gold coin called a ‘mutton’ or sheep, P; mutoun, S2, PP; moton, PP.—OF. mouton; Late Lat. multonem (Ducange).

Motyf, sb. motive, incitement, S2, C3; motif, motion, argument, question, subject, PP.—OF. motif (Cotg.); Late Lat. motivum (Ducange).

Moucte, pt. s. might, S; mought, S3; see Mahte.

Moun, 1 pr. pl. may, S; see Mæi.

Mountance, sb. amount, space, duration, C3, CM; mountouns, S2, HD.—AF. mountance, OF. montance; see Ducange (s.v. montare).

Mounte, sb. mount, PP; mont, S2; munt, S; munte, dat., S.—AS. munt; Lat. montem; cp. AF. munt, mont, mount.

Mountein, sb. mountain, PP; montaine, S2; montain, S2; montaigne, C2; mountaigne, PP.—AF. mountaygne; Late Lat. montanea, ‘locus montanus’ (Ducange).

Mounten, v. to mount, PP.—OF. monter; Late Lat. montare.

Mountenaunce, sb. amount; mowntenawnce, Prompt.; mountenance, S3, ND. See Mountance.

Mour, sb. mulberry-tree, H; see More.

Mournen, v. to mourn, S2, PP; mornen, PP, S; murnen, S; morenen, pr. pl., W2; morenyden, pt. pl., W2.—AS. murnan.

Mournyng, pr. p. and adj. mourning, PP; moorning, C, C3; mornyng, S2.

Mous, sb. mouse, C, PP; mus, S; muse, dat., S; mys, pl., P; mees, PP; Comb.: mowsfalle, mousetrap, Prompt.; muse-stoch, mousetrap, S.—AS. mús.

Mouth, sb. mouth, face, PP, W2; muð, S; mudh, S. Comb.: muð-freo, mouth-free, S.—AS. múð: Goth. munths; cp. OHG. mund (Otfrid); see Sievers, 30.

Mouthen, v. to talk about, P; mouthed, pt. s., P.

Moutin, v. to mew, moult, cast feathers, Prompt.; mowtyn, Prompt., HD; moult, Sh.; moutes, pr. s., S2, SkD.—Lat. mutare. Cf. Mewen.

Mouȝt, sb. moth, W; mouȝte, W2, SkD; moghte, Cath.—ONorth. and AS. mohðe (Mt. 6. 20).

Mouen, v. to move, suggest, S; moeue, PP; meuen, PP; meuez, pr. s., S2; moeued, pt. s., C3; moeuyng, pr. p., S2, C3; meued, pp., S3.—AF. mover, OF. muveir, movoir, moveir; Lat. mouēre.

Mow, v. to be able, H; mown, Prompt.; mugen, S.—AS. *mugan (not found), see Sievers, 424. See Mæi.

Mowe, sb. kinswoman, S; mow, sister-in-law, Prompt.; moȝe, S; maȝe, SD.—AS. máge.

Mowe, sb. a grimace, CM, Prompt.; moe, Cotg., WW (p. 407); mow, WW.—OF. mouë (Cotg.).

Mowen, v. to make a grimace, Cath.; mowyn, Prompt. Der.: mowing, grimacing, S3; mowyng, W2; cachinnatus, Cath.; mouwyng, W2.

Mowen, v. to mow, reap, S, PP.—AS. máwan.

Mowtard, sb. moulting bird, Prompt. See Moutin.

Mowtynge, sb. moulting-season, PP, Prompt.

Moyste, adj. fresh, new, C2, C3, SkD; moyst, humidus, Prompt.; moste, moist, Cath.—OF. moiste, damp, moist; Late Lat. *mustius, *musteus (see BH, § 74, also Roland, p. 420); from Lat. mustum. See Must.

Moystin, v. to make moist, W, Prompt.; moyste, Voc.; moysted, pp., S2, Cath. (n).

Moystnesse, sb. moistness, humor, Voc.

Moysture, sb. moisture, Prompt.; mostour, maditas, Cath.

Moȝe, sb. kinswoman, S; see Mowe.

Muche, adj. and adv. great, much, S, S2, PP; moche, S, S2, C2, PP; miche, S2; myche, S, W, W2. Comb.: muchedel, a great part, S2; mychefold, manifold, W.

Muchel, adj. and adv. great, much, numerous, S, C2, PP; mochel, S2, C2, C3, PP; mochele, S; michel, S; micel, S; mikel, S, S2; mycel, S; mykel, S2, P; mukel, S, S2; mucele, S; mikle, S2; mekill, S3. Der.: muchelhede, greatness, SD; mykelhede, S2; mychilnesse, greatness, W2.—AS. micel (mycel): Goth. mikils.

Muchelin, v. to magnify, S; muclien, S; mucli, S; mikeland, pr. p., S2; mikeled, pp., S2.—AS. myclian: Goth. mikiljan.

Mud, sb. mud, Prompt.; moode, S3; mudde, S2 (13. 407), Cath., Manip.—Cp. OLG. mudde, see SkD.

Mudly, adj. muddy, H.

Mugen, v. to be able, S; see Mæi.

Mught, pt. s. might, S2, H; muhte, S; see Mahte.

Muk, sb. muck, filthy lucre, PP; see Mok.

Mukel, adj. great, S, S2; see Muchel.

Mull, sb. mould, rubbish, S2, Cath. (n); molle, Cath.; mol, Cath. (n); mul, Cath. (n).—Cp. Du. mul. See Molde.

Mullok, sb. rubbish, C3; mollocke, Cath. (n).

Multiplicacioun, sb. multiplying, i.e. the art of alchemy, C3.

Multiplye, v. to make gold and silver by the arts of alchemy, C3; multeplie, to increase, PP.—OF. multiplier; Lat. multiplicare.

Mum; see Mom.

Mun, pr. s. must, S2, H; see Mon.

Munec, sb. monk, S; see Monk.

Munen, v. to remind, to be mindful, S; see Mynne.

Muneȝing, sb. commemoration, S.

Mungen, v. to remember, PP; see Mengen.

Mungunge, sb. remembrance, reminding, S; munegunge, S; muneȝing, S.—AS. mynegung.

Munne, v. to relate, mention, remind, S: see Mynne.

Munstral, sb. minstrel, S2; see Mynstral.

Munt, sb. mount, S; see Mounte.

Munten, v. to think, to purpose, S2; myntis, pr. s. points, WA; munte, pt. s., S3; mint, S; i-munt, pp., S; i-mint, S; i-ment, S.—AS. (ge)myntan. See Mynde.

Murcnen, v. to murmur; murrcnesst, 2 pr. s., S.—AS. murcnian (Leo).

Murne, adj. sad, S, HD.—Cp. AS. murnan, to mourn.

Murnen, v. to mourn, S, WA; see Mournen.

Murnyn, sb. mourning, B.

Murrin, sb. murrain, WW; see Moreyne.

Murthe, sb. mirth, joy, PP, S; murth, PP; murhðe, S; murȝþe, S; myrthe, PP; mirthe, C; merthe, PP; muirth, PP; murþhes, pl., merrymakings, amusements, PP, S2; merthes, G.—AS. myrð, mirhð, from merg. See Mery.

Mury(e), adj. merry, S, C; see Mery.

Murȝen, v. to make merry, SD; murgeþ, pr. pl., S2.

Mus, sb. mouse, S; see Mous.

Musard, sb. a dreamy fellow, HD, Bardsley; musarde, CM.—OF. musart.

Muse, sb. dreaming vacancy, Spenser.

Musen, v. to ponder, wonder, PP, C3, WA, ND.—OF. muser, to muse, study, linger about a matter, to sniff as a hound, from *muse, a muzzle, nose of an animal (whence F. museau); Lat. morsus. For F. -u- from an orig. Lat. -or- cp. OF. jus from Late Lat. jūsum, Lat. deorsum, and F. sus from Lat. sūsum, seorsum, see Apfelstedt, § 43, and Constans (glossary). Cf. Mosel.

Muskylle, sb. mussel, a shell-fish, Cath.; muscles, pl., PP; moskles, S2.—AF. muskeles, pl., OF. muscle; Lat. musculum (acc.), dimin. of mus, mouse; cp. AS. musclan scel (Voc.).

Mussel, sb. morsel, W, W2; see Morsel.

Must, sb. new wine, W, W2.—Lat. mustum (Vulg.). Cf. Moiste.

Mustour, sb. dial, clock, WA.—Cp. F. montre (Brachet).

Mute, v. to dung (used of birds), SkD, WW, ND; meuted, pp., WW.—OF. mutir (Cotg.), esmeutir (Cotg.), esmeltir, (Littré); of Teutonic origin, cp. ODu. smelten, to smelt, liquefy; cp. It. smaltare, to mute as a hawk (Florio). Cf. Amellen.

Mutoun; see Motoun.

Muwen, pr. pl. may, S; muȝen, S; see Mæi.

Mwre, sb. moor, S2; see More.

Mydge, sb. midge, H (Ps. 104. 29); midge, Manip.; myge, gnat, culex, Voc., Cath.; myghe, S3.—AS. mycg (Voc.).

Myghte, pt. s. could, PP; myȝte, S2; see Mahte.

Myghte, sb. might, power, PP; miȝt, PP, S; miht, S, S2, PP; myȝt, S2; myhte, S; miȝte, S; mightes, pl., powers, virtues, S2; myhte, S.—AS. miht.

Myghtful, adj. powerful, PP; mihtful, PP; miȝtful, PP; myȝtful, PP; myȝtuolle, S2.

Myghtfulnes, sb. strength, S2.

Myghty, adj. mighty, SD; maȝty, S2; mæhti, S; magti, S; mihti, S; michti, S; miȝthi, S2; myghtely, adv., CM.—AS. meahtig.

Myht, 2 pr. s. mayest; see Mæi.

Myke, sb. the crutches of a boat, which sustain the main-boom or mast when lowered, S2.—Cp. Swed. mick, a crutch (sea-term).

Mylle, sb. mill, Prompt. Comb.: mylle-stone, mill-stone, Prompt.; myl-ston, Voc.; melstan, S; myln-stoon, W; mulle-stones, pl., PP.—AS. myln (Voc.); Lat. molina.

Mylnere, sb. miller, PP; mylner, PP; mulnere, PP; melner, PP; mellere, PP, C.

Mynde, sb. memory, remembrance, mention, PP, S2, S3, W, W2, CM, C2, Cath.; mende, Prompt.; mind, memory, mind, Sh.—AS. (ge)mynd; cp. OHG. gimunt, memory (Tatian). See Mynne.

Mynen, v. to mine, S2, W, W2.—OF. miner cp. Late Lat. minare (Ducange).

Myne-ye-ple, sb. (?), S3 (7. 62, note).

Mynne, sb. memory, SD; min, S2.—Icel. minni, memory; cp. AS. myne, mind. Cf. Mynde.

Mynne, v. to remember, mention, PP, S2, HD; munne, S; munyen, S; munen, S; mynand, pr. p., H; mines, 2 pr. s., S2; mined, pp., S2.—AS. (ge)mynnan (gemynian), to remember; also (ge)munan.

Mynnyng-day, sb. the day of memory of the dead, HD.

Mynour, sb. miner, C, SkD, PP; minour, PP.—AF. minour; Late Lat. minatorem (Ducange). See Mynen.

Mynstral, sb. minstrel, PP, Prompt.; minstral, PP; munstral, PP, S2; minstrales, pl., C2; menestrales, PP.—AF. menestral; Late Lat. ministralem, a servant (Brachet).

Mynstralcie, sb. music, minstrelsy, PP, C; minstralcye, C2; menstralcye, C; mynstracie, PP; minstracie, PP; mynstrasye, Prompt., S2.—AF. mynstralcye.

Mynstre, sb. minster, monastery, S, PP; minstre, S; ministre, S2; minnstre, the Jewish temple, S.—AS. mynster; Church Lat. monasterium; Gr. μοναστήριον.

Myrie, adj. pleasant, W2; see Mery.

Myrk, adj. dark, S2, H; see Merke.

Myrk, v. to darken, H.

Mys-, prefix; see both Mis- and Mes-.

Mysteir, v. to be necessary, B; mysters, pr. s. is needful, WA.

Myster, sb. trade, occupation, PP; see Mester.

Myster, sb. need, want, C, WA, B; see Mester.

Mystir, adj. lacking, needful, B.

Mystyrit, pp. injured by loss (of blood), S3.

Myteyne, sb. cuff, glove, Prompt., S3; miteyn, C3; mytane, Cath.; myttan, Voc.—OF. mitaine (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. mitana (Ducange).

Myȝt, sb. power, S2; see Myght.

Myȝte, pt. s. might, S2; see Mahte.

N.

Na, adv. not, S; see No.

Na, adj. no, S; see Nan.

Nabben, v. not to have; naue, 1 pr. s., PP; nauest, 2 pr. s., S; nauestu, thou hast not, S; nastu, S; naueþ, pr. s., S; nað, S, PP, S2; neþ, S2; nabbeþ, pl., S2; naue, S2; nadde, pt. s., S; nad, PP; nedde, PP, S2; nauedes, 2 pt. s., S; næueden, pl., S.—AS. nabban (= ne habban).

Nabod, for Ne abod, abode not, S. See Abiden.

Nacioun, sb. nation, C; nacion, Cath., WA.—AF. nacioun, naciun; Lat. nationem.

Naddren, pl. adders, S; nadres, S; see Nedder.

Nadrinke, for Ne adrinke, let (it) not drown, S.

Naht, sb. night, SD; see Nyght.

Naht, adv. not, S; see Nought.

Nahte, pt. s. had not, S; see Owen.

Naked, adj. naked, bare, undefended by body-armour, PP, C3; naket, PP, S; nakid, S2; nakit, S2. Phr.: in naked bedde, au lict couché tout nud, Palsg., HD, ND.—AS. nacod; cp. OHG. nakot (Otfrid), Icel. naktr.

Naken, v. to lay bare, SkD (s.v. naked).—ONorth. (ge)nacian (Mk. 2. 4).

Naker, sb. kettle-drum, S2, C, HD.—OF. nacre, also nagaire, nacaire, naquaire, anacaire (cp. Byzantine Gr. ἀνάκαρον); a word borrowed from the Turks; cp. Kurdish nakára, see Ducange, Diez.

Naknen, v. to strip; nacnes, pr. s., S; nakned, pp., HD.

Nale; in phr. Atte nale for At ten ale (at þen ale), at the ale, P. See Ale.

Nam, 1 pr. s. am not, S, S2, P, C; næm, S; nart, 2 pr. s., S, S2; nis, pr. s., is not, S, C, C2; nys, S; nas, pt. s., S, S2, HD, PP; nes, S, S2; nere, pl., S, S2, C; neoren, S; nare, S.—ONorth. nam (= ne am).

Nam, pt. s. took, S; see Nimen.

Nameliche, adv. especially, S2, C; see Nomeliche.

Nan, adj. none, no, S; see Non.

Nap, sb. cup, S; neppe, dat., S.—AS. hnæp (Voc.); cp. OHG. hnapf, OF. hanap (Bartsch), Low Lat. nappus (Ducange).

Nappen, v. to nap, slumber, nod, PP, C3, W. Der.: napping, slumber, W2; nappy, sleep-inducing, S3, ND.—AS. hnæppian.

Napron, sb. apron, SkD; naprun, Prompt.—OF. naperon, from nape, a cloth; Low Lat. napa; Lat. mappa (Punic word).

Narde, sb. nard, an unguent, W.—Lat. nardus (Vulg.); Gr. ναρδός (Persian word).

Narwe, adj. narrow, C; narewe, S; nareu, S; narwȝ, W; nearowe, S; neruwe, S; narwe, adv., closely, PP.—AS. nearu, adv. nearwe.

Nas, pt. s. was not, S, S2; see Nam.

Nat, for Ne at, nor at, S2.

Nað, pr. s. has not, S, PP, S2; see Nabben.

Natiuite, sb. nativity, S2, C2.—OF. nativité (Cotg.); Lat. natiuitatem.

Natte, sb. mat, scorium, buda, Voc., Cath.; natt, HD, Voc.; nat, Palsg.—OF. natte (Cotg.); Late Lat. natta; Lat. matta (probably a variant of mappa). See Napron.

Naue, Nauest; see Nabben.

Nauȝty, adj. having nothing, very poor, P. See Nought.

Nauele, sb. navel, PP; nawle, W2; naule, PP; navyle, Voc.; nawelle, Voc.; nawylle, Voc.—AS. nafela.

Nay, adv. nay, PP, S3, WA; nai, S, S2. Phr.: nay whan, nay when? i.e. not so, when (will you do it), S3; withoute nay, without denial, G; it is no nay, there is no denying it, G, C2.—Cp. Icel. nei.

Nayl, sb. nail, finger-nail, S, C2; nayle, Voc.; neil, S; nayles, pl., PP.—AS. nægel cp. Icel. nagl.

Naylen, v. to nail, Cath.; naȝlen, S; nailen, PP, C2.

Nayten, v. employ, use, S2, WA.—Icel. neyta; cp. AS. notian; weak verb, from Icel. njóta; cp. AS. néotan. Cf. Noten.

Naytly, adv. neatly, fit for use, S2.—From Icel. neytr, fit for use.

Naytyn, v. to deny, Prompt., SD, HD.—Icel. neita. Cf. Niten.

Ne, adv. and conj. not, nor, S, S2, S3.—AS. ne, not, nor.

Neb, sb. face, S, HD. Der.: nebsseft, face, appearance, presence, S2; nebscheft, SD.—AS. nebb, beak, face (OET).

Nece, sb. niece, PP; neipce, granddaughter, S3; neece, WW (p. 417).—AF. nece, niece; Late Lat. neptia; in the place of Lat. neptis, a granddaughter, a niece; see BH, § 32.

Nedde, pt. s. had not, S; see Nabben.

Nedder, sb. adder, snake, H; neddyr, Cath., Prompt.; neddere, Cath. (n); neddre, S; nedyr, Voc.; nedyre, Voc.; naddren, pl., S; nadres, S; nedris, HD; neddren, S. Comb.: nedyrcopp, spider, Voc.—AS. nædre: Goth. nadrs; cp. OHG. natrá (Tatian).

Nede, sb. need, peril, business, also as pred. adj. necessary, needful, C2, W, PP; neode, PP, S; niede, S; neod, S, S2, PP; ned, S; need, C2; neid, B; nedes, pl., S2, PP; nede, adv., necessarily, S, C2, PP; nedes, needs, of necessity, S2, C, PP; nedis, W; neodes, S2, PP; needely, C; nedelich, W. Der.: nedful, needy, necessary, S; nedfol, S2, PP; neodful, S, PP; needles, needlessly, C2; neidwais, of necessity, S2, B.—OMerc. néd (VP), AS. nýd: Goth. nauths; cp. OS. nód, OHG. nót (Tatian).

Neden, v. to force, compel, to need, S; neid, B; nedeþ, pr. s., there is need, it is necessary, PP, C; neodeþ, S, PP.—AS. nédan (OET).

Nedle, sb. needle, C3, P; nedele, PP; nedel, PP; nelde, PP; neelde, PP.—Der.: nedelere, needle-seller, PP; neldere, PP.—AS. nǽdl: OHG. nádela, also náldá (Tatian).

Neer, adj. comp. nearer, C2; see Nerre.

Neet, sb. ox, cattle, PP, S, S2, C; net, S; niatt, S; nowt, S; nete, H, PP. Comb.: neet-hirde, sb. neat-herd, Prompt.—AS. néat, ox, cattle: Icel. naut; cp. OHG. nóz, ‘jumentum’ (Tatian).

Nefen, v. to name, S2; see Neuenen.

Ne-for-thi, adv. nevertheless, S2.—AS. ne for ðý.

Neghen, num. nine, S2; see Nyne.

Nehlechen, v. to approach, S; neolechin, S.—AS. néalǽcan from néah. See Neih.

Neih, adv. nigh, nearly, almost, PP, S; neyh, G; neh, S, S2; ney, PP, S; neȝ, S; negh, PP; ny, PP, Prompt.; niȝ, W; nyȝ, W, W2; neigh, S2; neiȝe, P; neighe, PP; nyȝe, PP. Comb.: neyhebour, neighbour, G; neighebor, C2; neighburgh, S2; nehgebur, S; neihhond, close at hand, S.—AS. néah; cp. OHG. náh (Tatian).

Neihen, v. to be nigh to, to approach, PP; neighen, PP; neghen, PP, H, S2; neiȝen, PP, W; neȝen, S2; neȝh, S2; neyȝhen, S2.—AS. néhwan: Goth. nehwjan, from nehwa, nigh. See Neih.

Neipce, sb. granddaughter, S3; see Nece.

Neither, neg. pron. and conj. neither, SD; neyþer, S; noither, P; neithyr, Prompt.; nethir, not, W.—AS. ne + ǽghwæðer. See Eiðer.

Neiȝ, in phr. no neiȝ for non eiȝ, i.e. no eggs, S2. See Ey.

Nekke, sb. neck, S, C, PP. Comb.; nekke-boon, neck-bone, S2, C2; nekke-bon, PP.—AS. hnecca (OET.).

Nelle, 1 and 3 pr. s. will not, PP, S; nell, S; nel, S; nele, S; nulle, S, PP; nule, S; nul, PP, S2; nile, S, PP; nil, PP, C2; nullich, I will not, S; nulich, S; nuly, S2; nult, 2 pr. s., wilt not, S; neltu, thou wilt not, S; neltow, P; nultu, S; nelleð, pl., S; nolleþ, S2; nollen, PP; nulleþ, S; nulen, S; nolde, pt. s., would not, S, PP; nalde, S.—AS. nyllan. See Wille.

Nemnen, v. to name, mention, call, S, S2, S3; nempnen, PP, S2.—AS. nemnan: Goth. namnjan. Cf. Neuenen.

Neod, Neodes; see Nede.

Neodeþ, pr. s. is needful, S; see Neden.

Neomen, v. to take, receive, S; see Nimen.

Neomenye, sb. feast of the new moon, W.—Lat. neomenia (Vulg.); Gr. νουμηνία, νεομηνία.

Neowcin, sb. harm, injury, S.—Icel. nauðsyn, need, impediment, see SkD (s.v. essoin, p. 802).

Neowe, adj. new, S; see Newe.

Neowel, adj. deep; niwel, SD; nuel, SD. Der.: neowelnesse, the deep, abyss, S.—AS. neowol, néol, niwol, prone, deep (GET, Grein).

Neoȝe, num. nine, S2; see Nyne.

Neppe, sb. turnip, rapa, Voc.; nepe, Alph.—AS. nǽp; Lat. nāpus.

Nercotyk, sb. narcotic, C.—Late Lat. narcoticum [medicamen], (SB); Gr. ναρκωτικός, benumbing.

Nere, sb. kidney, Voc.; neere, Prompt.; neres, pl., reins, H; nerys, ren, Voc. Comb.: kidnere, kidney, SkD; kydney, Voc.—Icel. nýra, pl. nýru: OHG. niero; cp. Gr. νεφρός see Curtius, ii. 93.

Nere, pt. pl. were not, S, S2, C; see Nam.

Nerre, adj. and adv. comp. nearer, H, PP; narre, H; nere, PP; ner, PP, C2, C; nier, S; neer, W, C2. Comb.: nerhand, nearly, H.—AS. néarra (néara), adj.; néar, adv.

Neruwe, adj. narrow, S; see Narwe.

Nes, pt. s. was not, S, S2; see Nam.

Nesche, adj. tender, soft, S; nesshe, S; neshe, Voc.; nesh, ND; nasche, S2; neische, W2; nesse, HD. Der.: nesshede, tenderness, S2.—AS. hnesce.

Neschen, v. to soften, SD; nesshen, S; nessen, H; neyssen, H.—AS. hnescian.

Nese, sb. nose, S, S2, Prompt., PP, Voc.; neose, PP; nose, Voc.; noose, W A. Comb.: nosebleed, the plant yarrow, Alph.; noseblede, millifolium, Alph.; nese-hende, purulus, Voc.; nese-thirl, nostril, H; nes-thyrylle, Voc.; nose-thirl, W2; nose-thurl, C; noyss-thyrlys, pl., S3.—AS. nosu; cp. OHG. nasa; see Kluge, and Sievers, 274.

Nesen, v. to sneeze; nesyn, Prompt.; neese, WW.—Cp. Icel. hnjósa.

Nest, adj. and adv. superl. next, nearest, PP, S, S2; neist, S2; nixte, S; nexte, C, PP; nexst, S, S2. Comb.: nestfald, nearest, S.—AS. níehsta, adj.; néhst adv.

Nest, sb. nest, PP; nestes, pl., PP. Der.: nestlingis, nestlings, PP.—AS. nest; cp. Lat. nīdus (for nisdus), OIr. net; see Brugmann, § 590.

Nesten, pt. pl. knew not, S; see Not.

Nestlen, v. to build nests, S2.

Neþ, pr. s. has not, S2; see Nabben.

Neðen, adv. from below, S.—AS. neoðan, beneath.

Neðer, adj. comp. nether, S; see Niðer.

Nette, sb. net, Cath., Manip.; nett, Prompt., Voc., W (p. 234); net, W (p. 123); nettes, pl., C2.—AS. nett: Goth. nati, see Sievers, 247.

Neue, sb. nephew, S.—AS. nefa.

Neuenen, v. to name, S2, C3, H, HD; nefen, S2. Der.: neuening, naming, S.—Icel. nefna, (from nafn, name): Goth. namnjan, from namn- stem of namo, name. Cf. Nemnen.

Neuere, adv. never, PP, S; neure, S, PP; næuere, S; næure, S; neauer, S; nauere, S; nefre, S; nefer, S; nafre, S; neare, S3; nere, W; ner, HD, S2. Comb.: neuer a del, not a bit, C3; neuremore, nevermore, S; neuer the neer, none the nearer, C3; neuer the latter, nevertheless, H.—AS. nǽfre.

Neueu, sb. nephew, S2; nevew, C2; nevo, B.—AF. nevu, nephew, grandson; Lat. nepōtem.

Newe, adj. new, PP, C2; neowe, S; nywe, S; niwe, S2; newe, adv., newly, anew, PP, C; newly, newly, again, PP; nuly, S3. Comb.: newefangel, catching at novelty, C2; newefangelnes, fondness for novelty, C2, S3.—AS. neowe, niwe.

Newen, v. renew, S, S2, PP.—AS. niwian.

Newte, sb. newt, Prompt.; ewte, Prompt. See Euete.

Ney, adv. nigh, nearly, S; neȝ, S; see Neih.

Neynd, ord. ninth, S2; see Nyne.

Neȝen, v. to neigh, SkD. Der.: neiyng, sb. a neighing, W2.—AS. hnǽgan; cp. Icel. hneggja.

Niatt, sb. pl. cattle, S; see Neet.

Nich, adv. no, S.—AS. ne + ic, I; see Sievers, 332.

Nieþe, ord. ninth, S; see Nyne.

Nif, for Ne if, if not, except; nyf, S2.

Nifle, sb. trifle, HD, ND; nyfles, pl., CM, Palsg.; nines, Cotg. (s.v. nigeries).—OF. nifles, trifles (Palsg.). Cf. Niuelen.

Nigard, sb. a niggard, a miser, PP; nygard, C, CM, PP; nygarde, PP, Palsg.; nygart, CM. Cf. Nygun.

Nigardie, sb. stinginess, SkD, HD; nigardye, CM; nygardye, CM.

Night, Nigt, Niht; see Nyght.

Nigromancye, sb. magic, sorcery, PP; nigramauncy, S2; nigramansy, B; nigromance, Cath.—OF. nigromance (Bartsch); cp. Low Lat. nigromantia (Ducange); Late Lat. necromantia, necromancy; Gr. νεκρομαντεία, divination by communion with the dead.

Niker, sb. water-sprite, SD; nykyr, siren, Prompt.; nyckers, pl., SPD; nykeren, SPD (p. 255).—AS. nicor, a water-demon (Grein); cp. Icel. nykr, hippopotamus: OHG. nichus, ‘crocodilus,’ see Grimm, Teut. M. p. 488.

Nil, pr. s. will not, C2; see Nelle.

Nimen, v. to take, S, S2; nymen, PP; nemen, PP; neomen, S; nam, pt. s., PP, G, S; nom, S, S2; nem, S2; nome, 2 pt. s., S, PP; nomen, pl. S, PP; neme, S; numen, pp., seized, gone, S; nummun, S2; nome, S2. Der.: niminge, a taking, capture, S.—AS. niman, pt. nam (pl. námon, pp. numen.

Nin, for Ne in, nor in, C2.

Nis, pr. s. is not, S, C, C2; see Nam.

Niseien, pt. pl. for Ne iseien, saw not, S.

Niste, pt. s. knew not, S; see Not.

Niswicst, 2 pr. s. for Ne iswicst, ceasest not, S.

Niten, v. to refuse, S2, JD; nyte, JD; nite, pp., WA.—Icel. níta, to deny. Cf. Naytyn.

Niten, pr. pl. know not, S; see Not.

Nið, sb. envy, malice, S. Der.: niðful, envious, S; nyþful, S.—AS. níð; cp. Goth. neith.

Niðen, v. to envy, SD.—Icel. níða, to revile.

Niðer, adv. below, S; adj. comp., lower, S; neðer, S; nethir, B; neðement, superl., lowest, SD. Der.: neðerward, downwards, SD.—AS. niðer, nioðor, downward, neoðera, lower, nether, SkD.

Niðer-wenden, v. to go down, S.

Niðing, sb. a coward, a niggard, S; nything, PP.—AS. níðing, a coward, outlaw; cp. Icel. níðingr.

Niuelen, v. to snivel, S; nyuelen, PP.—Cp. OF. nifler (Cotg.). See Nifle.

Niwe, adj. new, S2; see Newe.

Niȝen, num. nine, S; see Nyne.

No, adv. and conj. not, nor, no, S, S2, SkD, B, HD; na, S, S2, B. Comb.: no but, except, unless, S2, W; no þe les, not the less, nevertheless, S; na þe les, S, S2; neoþeles, S; ne the les, W; na þe mo, none the more, S2; na war, were it not for, but for, S2, B.—AS. ná (= ne + á).

Noble, adj. noble, WA; nobylle, Cath.; nobliche, adv., nobly, S2; nobilly, Cath.—AF. noble; Lat. nobilem.

Noble, sb. noble, a coin so called worth 6s. 8d., S3, C3, P, WA.—Cp. Late Lat. nobile (Ducange).

Noblen, v. to ennoble, C3.

Noblesse, sb. nobility, worthy behaviour, S2, C3; magnificence, honour, C2.—F. noblesse; OF. noblesce; Late Lat. nobilitia.

Noblete, sb. nobleness, richness, S2.—OF. noblete (Bartsch); Lat. nobilitatem.

Nobley, sb. splendour, grandeur, dignity, nobility, assembly of nobles, C3, HD; nobleye, S2, C2; noblay, H, B, WA; nobelay, HD; nobillay, B.—AF. noblei; Late Lat. nobletum; cp. OF. noblet (Bartsch).

Nodle, sb. noddle, head, Prompt.; nodyl, Prompt.; noddle, Sh.

Noff, for Ne off, nor of, S.

Nok, sb. nook, corner, piece, SD; nuk, B; nwk, B; noke, WA, HD. Comb.: ferþyng noke, a piece of a farthing, S2; nook-shotten, spawned in a corner, Sh.

Noke, in phr.: atte noke = atten oke, at the oak, S2. See Ook.

Nokke, sb. nock, notch, Prompt. Comb.: nocke of a bow, oche de l’arc, Palsg.

Nol, sb. the head, the neck, W, W2; noll, WA; nolle, PP.—AS. hnoll, the top of the head.

Nolde, pt. s. would not, S; see Nelle.

Nolleþ, 1 pr. pl. we desire not, S2; see Nelle.

Nombre, sb. number, C; nowmber, Cath.; nummer, S3.—AF. numbre, noumbre; Lat. numerum (acc.).

Nombren, v. to number, PP; noumbren, W2; y-noumbred, pp., S3.—AF. numbrer, noumbrer; Lat. numerare.

Nome, sb. pledge, hostage, S.—AS. nám, pledge seized (Schmid). See Nymen.

Nome, sb. name, PP, S, S2; nam, S2; name, Voc.—AS. nama (noma): Goth. namo.

Nomeliche, adv. especially, S; nameiche, S2, C; namelich, P, S3; namely, PP.

Non, adj. no one, none, no, PP, S, S2; noon, C2; nan, S, S2; no, PP, S; na, S, S2, B; nane, B; nenne, acc., S. Comb.: na kyn, of no kind, B; nakin, B; na kyn thing, in no degree, B, S2; na kyn wiss, no way, B; nan more, no more, S; na more, S, S2; na mare, S2; na mo, P; nammo, S2; no mo, C; na þing, nothing, not at all, S; no þing, S2; no whar, nowhere, S; no war, S; no hwer, S; nour, S2; nou hwider, no whither, S; no hwider, S; no wider wardes, in no direction, S; nones kunnes, of no kind, S; nones weis, in no way, S; nanes weis, S.—AS. nán.

None, sb. the hour of ‘none,’ i.e. the ninth hour, 3 p.m., also noon, mid-day, S, PP; nowne, S3; noyne, B; non, S, S2, PP; noon, PP; nones, pl., the noon-tide meal, PP. Comb.: nun-mete, a noon meal, Prompt.; none-chenche, a noon-drinking, nunchion, SkD; noone-steede, place of noon, meridian, S3; non-tid, noon-tide, S.—AS. nón; Lat. nōna (hora).

Nones, in phr. for þe nones (for for þen ones), i.e. for the once, for the nonce, for the occasion, S2, S3, C2; with the nones, on the condition, G. See Oones.

Nonne, sb. nun, S2, C, C2, P; nunne, PP.—OF. nonne; Late Lat. nonna; cp. AS. nunne, in the Laws (Schmid).

Nonnerie, sb. nunnery, S2.—OF. nonnerie.

Noot, 1 and 3 pr. s. know not, knows not, C; see Not.

Noppe, sb. nap (of cloth), Prompt., Cath.

Noppe, v. to take the nap off, Cath.—AS. hnoppian, see Voc.

Norice, sb. nurse, C, C2, SkD; nurice, SkD; nursche, W.—AF. norice; Lat. nutricem.

Norischen, v. to nourish, PP; norischi, S2; norishen, C2; nurischen, W, W2; nurschen, PP; norsshen, PP.—OF. noriss-, stem of norissant, pp. of norir; Lat. nutrire.

Norture, sb. good breeding, nurture, SkD, G.—AF. norture, noriture; Late Lat. nutritura (Ducange).

Noselen, v. to thrust the nose in, to nuzzle; nosyll, Palsg.; nousle, Sh. See Nese.

Noselen, v. to cause children to put their noses in, to nurse, to rear up, to fondle closely; nosell, S3; nousle, Sh.; nusled, pp., HD (s.v. nousle).

Nose-thirl, sb. nostril, W2; see Nese.

Not, 1 and 3 pr. s. know not, knows not, PP, S, S2; noot, PP, C; note, S3; niten, pl., S; nuten, S; nuste, pt. s., S, S2, PP; nyste, S2; niste, C2; neste, PP; nyst, pl., PP; nesten, S.—AS. nytan (= ne witan). See Witen.

Notable, adj. well-known, conspicuous, notorious, dazzling, WW.—OF. notable; Lat. notabilem.

Note, sb. nut, S, S2, Voc.; nute, SkD. Comb.: not-heed, a head like a nut, C; note-muge, nutmeg, S2, C2; note-migge, Prompt.; nut-shale, nutshell, S3.—AS. hnutu.

A better explanation of not-heed is ‘with the hair of the head closely cut.’ The verb to nott means to cut the hair close. ‘Tondre, to sheer, clip, cut, powle, nott’; Cotgrave.

Note, sb. business, attempt, employment, labour, S, S2, WA; not, B.—AS. notu, use, employment.

Noteful, adj. useful, serviceable, H.

Noten, v. to enjoy, S; notye, PP.—AS. notian, to enjoy; cp. Icel. neyta. Cf. Nayten.

Nother, neg. pron. and conj. neither, nor, PP, S, S2, SkD; nothir, B; nouðer, S, S2; nouþur, PP; nowðer, S; nawþer, S2; naðer, S; nor, SkD.—AS. náhwæðer (náwþer, náþer). See Other.

Nou, adv. now, PP, S, S2; nu, S, S2. Comb.: nou a dayes, now-a-days, PP; now and now, occasionally, C2.—AS. nú.

Nouche, sb. clasp, buckle, jewel, CM, WA; nowche, C2, Prompt., SkD; ouche, WW; owche, SkD; ouches, pl., broaches, monilles, Cotg., WW; owchis, WW.—OF. nouche, nosche, also nusche (Roland); OHG. nuscha.

Nought, neg. pron. and adv. nothing, not, C; nouht, S, PP; nouct, S; nouȝt, PP; noht, S; nocht, S; noȝt, S, S2; noght, S2; nout, S, S2; nowt, S; nowiȝt, S; nowiht, S; nacht, S; naht, S; nawiht, S; nawt, S; naut, S; naȝt, S2; naght, S2; nauȝt, PP, S2; naught, C2; nat, PP, S2, C; not, W; nogth, H (Ps. 108. 25); nouth, S (18. 442); nouthe, HD. Comb.: nocht forthi, notwithstanding, nevertheless, S2; noght forthi, H; nat for thy, S2.—AS. náwiht (= ne + áwiht). See Ought.

Nought, adj. worthless, bad, naught, naughty, WW; naught, S3; nauht, PP. Der.: naughty, bad, WW, Sh.; nauȝty, having nothing, PP.

Noumbles, sb. pl. entrails of a deer or beast, Palsg.; nombles, burbilia, Cath. (n) HD, Voc.; nownbils, Cath.; nowmyllis, Cath. Phr.: numbles of a stag, nombles d’un cerf Cotg.—OF. nombles, pl.; cp. Late Lat. numbulus for Lat. lumbulus, dimin. of lumbus, loin.

Noumbren, v. to number, W2; see Nombren.

Noumpere, sb. umpire, arbitrator, SkD, P; nowmpere, Prompt.; nompeyr, PP; nounpere, PP; owmpere, Prompt.; umpere, SkD.—OF. non per, odd, not even; Lat. non parem.

Nouthe, adv. now, C, P; now þe, S2; nuðe, S.—AS. nú ðá, now then.

Nouelrie, sb. novelty, C2; nouellerie, S2.—OF. novelerie, from novel, novel, new.

Nouys, sb. novice, C2, Voc.; nouyce, WW.—OF. novice (Cotg.); Lat. nouicium.

Nowel, sb. Christmas, CM; nowelle, HD.—OF. noël; Lat. natalem.

Nowt, sb. cattle, S. See Neet.

Noye, sb. suffering, annoyance, PP; nuy, PP, S2; nwy, S2. See Anoy.

Noyen, v. to annoy, to grieve, to harm, S2, W, P, H; nuyen, 2; nwyen, S2. See Anoyen.

Noyful, adj. hurtful; noiful, W2.

Noynement; a noynement (for an oynement), an ointment, S2. See Oynement.

Noyous, adj. hurtful, annoying, W, WW (p. 421).

Nul, Nule, Nulle; see Nelle.

Nultu, wilt not, S; see Nelle.

Numen, pp. taken, seized, S; see Nimen.

Nummer, sb. number, S3; see Nombre.

Nunne, sb. nun, PP; see Nonne.

Nurhð, sb. murmuring, S.

Nurnen, v. to murmur, SD.—AS. gnornian, to mourn.

Nursche, sb. nurse, W; see Norice.

Nurschen, v. to nourish, PP; see Norischen.

Nuste, pt. s. knew not, S, S2, PP; see Not.

Nuy, sb. annoyance, S2; see Noye.

Nyce, adj. foolish, C2, C3, PP; nic- PP, C2; nise, PP; nyse, S2; nyss, S3.—OF. nice (Bartsch); Lat. nēscium, ignorant, see Brachet, § 60.

Nycete, sb. folly, B, PP; nycetee, C3 nysete, PP; nysste, B.—AF. nicet timidity, also in OF. sloth, simplicity (Cotg.).

Nyght, sb. night, Voc., PP; niȝt, S2, PP; nicht, S; nyht, S2; niht, S, PP; naht, SD; naȝt, S2; nyth, PP; night, pl., C; nigt, S; niht, adv., at night, by night, S; nihtes, S2; niȝtes, PP; nyghtes PP; nyȝtes, PP. Adv. phr.: a nyghtes PP; bi nihtes, S; bi nihte, S; a niȝt, S; o nigt, S. Comb.: nyhtegale, nightingale, S2; niȝtegale, S; nyghtingale C3; niȝtingale, S; nycht-hyrd, guardian of the night, S3; niht-old, a night old stale, not freshly gathered, S2; nyȝt-old PP; nightertale, the night-time, C; nyȝtertale, WA; naghtertale, S2.—AS. niht, neht, neaht: Goth. nahts; cp. Lat. noctem. With the deriv. nightertale cp. Icel. náttartal a number of nights.

Nygun, sb. niggard, miser, S2; nyggoun, G, CM. Cf. Nigard.

Nykken, v. in phr.: nykken with nay, to deny, refuse, HD.

Nymyl, adj. quick at seizing, nimble, active, Prompt.—AS. numol (in compounds). See Nimen.

Nyne, num. nine, PP; niȝen, S; neghen, S2; neoȝe, S2; nihe, S. Der.: nynt, ninth, S3; neynd, S2; nieþe, S.—AS. nigon (WS. neogon): Goth. niun; cp. Lat. nouem; see Brugrnann, § 152.

Nyrvyl, sb. a little man, Prompt.; nuruyll, a dwarf, Prompt.—Cp. Icel. nyrfill, a miser.

Nyȝ, adv. nigh, nearly, W, W2; see Neih.

O.

O, num. one, a, S; see Oon.

O, adv. ever, aye, always, S; oo, S2, NED; a, S; aa, S. Comb.: a buten, ever without, S, SkD (s.v. aye); a bute, S; for ay and oo, for ever and ever, NED.—AS. a (for áwa); cp. Goth. aiw, ever. Cf. Ay.

O-, prefix; see On- (1).

Obediencer, sb. an officer in a monastery, PP.—Church Lat. obedientiarius (Ducange).

Obeisant, adj. obedient, C2; obeysand, B.—OF. obeïssant, pr. p. of obeïr.

Obeisaunce, sb. obedience, C, C2; obeisances, pl., submissive acts, C2.—AF. obeïsaunce.

Obeiss, v. to obey, B; obeischen, S2, W; obeschynge, pr. p., W.—From OF. obeïss- stem of obeïssant, pr. p. of obeïr.

Obeley, sb. oblation, oblata, Voc.; see Oble.

Obeye, v. to obey, W, C2; obeiede, pt. s., W.—OF. obeier, for obeïr; Lat. obedire.

Oble, sb. oblation; obles, pl., oblationes, H.—OF. oble, Lat. oblatum; cp. OF. oblee (now oublie); Church Lat. oblata (Ducange). Cf. Ouelete.

Oblischen, v. to bind, W2; oblyse, JD; oblyste, pp., S3; oblysched, HD; oblisched, HD; oblyshed, HD.—AF. obliger; Lat. obligare.

Obout, adv. about, S2; see Abouten.

Obout-ga, v. to go about, S2.

O-brode, adv. abroad, P; see Abrode.

Obseruance, sb. homage, C, S3; obseruances, pl., attentions, C2.—OF. observance (Cotg.).

Obserue, v. to favour, C2.—OF. observer; Lat. obseruare.

Obumbrat, pp. overshadowed, S3.—Lat. obumbratus.

Oc, conj. but, S, HD; occ, S; see Ac.

Occean, sb. ocean, S2; occian, SD, W2; occyan, WA, HD.—AF. occyane; Late Lat. occeanus; Lat. oceanus: Gr. ὠκεανός.

Occident, sb. West, S2, S3, C3.—AF. occident; Lat. occidentem, pr. p. of occidere, to set (of the sun).

Occupy, v. to make use of, employ, possess, S3, C2, PP, B.—OF. occuper; Lat. occupare, see SkD.

Odde, adj. odd, single, S2, SD.—Cp. Icel. oddi, point of land, odd number. See Ord.

Oerre, sb. anger, S. See Eorre.

Of, prep. and adv. of, out of, from, by, off, S, S2, C2, C3, WW; o, S, S2, H; off, SkD; a, S2, PP, S3.—AS. of: Goth. af: OHG. aba (Tatian): Gr. ἀπό; see Sievers, 51, 130.

Of, though, H (Ps. 125. 1), WA.—For ME. þof. See Þoȝ.

Of-dreden, v. to frighten; reflex. to dread greatly, S; of-drade, S; of-dradde, pt. s., S; of-drad, pp., S; of-dred, S; of-dret, S2.—AS. of-drædan. Cf. A-drad (A- 3).

O-ferrum, adv. afar, S2; oferrom, WA; see Aferre.

Offensioun, sb. offence, damage, C; offencioun, W.—Lat. offensionem.

Of-feren, v. to terrify, SD; offearen, S; offerd, pp., S; oferd, S.

Offertoire, sb. offertory, anthem sung before the oblation, C.—OF. offertoire (Cotg.); Church Lat. offertorium.

Office, sb. office, C2; offiz, S; offices, pl., church services, PP.—AF. office (offyz); Lat. officium.

Offrende, sb. offering, S; offrand, H; offerands, pl., S2.—OF. offrande (Bartsch); Lat. offerenda; see Constans.

Offri, v. to offer, S; offren, S, PP; offrand, pr. p., S2; i-offred, pp., S.—AS. offrian; cp. OF. offerre (Bartsch); Lat. offerre.

Offringe, sb. offering, S; offrinke, S; offryng, C.

Of-fruht, pp. terrified, S; ofrigt, S; of-fruhte, pl., S.—Cp. AS. of-fyrhtan, to terrify.

Of-hungred, pp. an-hungred, PP; of-hongret, PP; of-hongred, PP; offingred, SD; afingred, SD; afingret, NED, HD; afyngred, NED, P, HD.—AS. of-hyngrod. Cf. A-hungerd.

Ofne, sb. dat. oven, S; see Ouen.

Of-newe, adv. anew, S3, C2, C3. Cf. Anewe.

Of-rechen, v. to obtain, overtake, attain, reach, S, PP (n); ofrauȝte, pt. pl., PP.

Ofrigt, pp. terrified, S; see Of-fruht.

Of-saken, v. to deny, SD.—AS. of-sacan. Cp. A-saken. (A- 3.)

Of-scapie, v. to escape, S2. See Ascapie.

Of-sen, v. to perceive; ofsaw, pt. s., S2; ofseie, S2.—AS. of-séon.

Of-senden, v. to send for, S2; of-sente, pt. s., S2, PP; of-sent, P.

Of-seruen, v. to merit, deserve, SD, S.

Of-slen, v. to slay; of-sloh, pt. s., SD; of-sloȝen, pl., S; of-slaȝen, pp., S; of-slæȝen, S; of-slaȝe, S.—AS. of-sléan.

Of-spring, sb. offspring, S; ofspreng, S; ofsprung, S; ospryng, HD; ox-spring, S2.—AS. of-spring.

Of-taken, pp. taken away, C2.

Ofte, adv. often, S, C2; oft, PP, WW; oftere, comp., S; ofter, S, C2. Comb.: oftesiðen, oftentimes, SD; ofte siðe, SD; ofte sithes, C, S3 (s.v. eft); oft siss, S2, B; ofte-time, ofttimes, SD; oft tyme, PP.—AS. oft: OHG. ofto (Otfrid): Goth. ufta; cp. Gr. ὕπατος, superl. of ὑπέρ; see Sievers, 25.

Often, adj. frequent, WW.

Of-teonen, v. to vex, irritate; of-teoned, pp., S.

Of-þunchen, v. to be sorry for, to repent, S; of-þinche, S; of-þinke, S; of-ðuhte, pt. s., S.—AS. of-þyncan.

Of-þurst, pp. athirst, S; of-þerst, PP; afyrst, PP; afurst, PP; afrust, PP.—AS. of-þyrsted (Grein).

Of-wundred, pp. amazed; of-uundred, S.

Og, pr. s. possesses, S; see Owen.

Ogain, prep., adv. against, again, NED; see Aȝein.

Ogaines, prep. against, S2; ogaynes, S2; see Aȝeines.

Ogain-saghe, sb. contradiction, S2. Cf. Igainsawe.

Ogain-torne, v. to turn again, S2.

Ogen, adj. own, S; see Owen.

Ogremoyne, sb. agrimony, Voc.; see Agrimony.

Oht, sb. aught, anything, S2; see Ought.

Oht, adj. valiant, doughty, S; see Auht.

Ohtliche, adv. valiantly, NED; see Ahtlice.

Oise, sb. use, H; oyse, H; oys, JD, HD; oyss, B.—AF. us; Lat. usum.

Oise, v. to use, H; oyse, H, HD; oysede, pp., HD; oysit, B.—OF. user.

Oist, sb. an army, B; oyst, B; see Oost.

Ok, Oke, pt. s. aked, MD; see Aken.

Oken, adj. oaken, G. See Ook.

Oker, sb. usury, SD; okir, S2; okyr, Cath.; okur, SD; ocker, H; okere, H.—Icel. ókr: AS. wócor, increase, growth, fruit; cp. OHG. wuachar, gain (Otfrid).

Okerer, sb. usurer, S2, H, Cath.; okerere, S2; okyrere, H.

Okering, sb. usury, S2; okeringe, H.

Old, adj. old, Voc.; eald, MD; ald, MD, S, S2; oold, MD; hold, S, MD; eld, MD, W2; eeld, W2; auld, S3; olt, S2; ealde, S, MD; alde, MD, S2; olde, Voc.; elde, S, W; yealde, MD; aulde, MD; alder, comp., MD; ælder, MD; eldre, S, W; elder, S, C2; eldure, S; eldore, S2; heoldre, S; elþer, S2; aldeste, superl., S; heldeste, MD; eldoste, S2.—AS. eald, ald; cp. OHG. alt (Otfrid).

Oldli, adj. old, W2.

Oliuere, sb. olive-yard, C2.—Late Lat. olivarium (Ducange).

Oluhnen, v. to flatter, S.

Oluhnung, sb. blandishment, flattery; olhnunge, dat., S.

Olyfaunte, sb. elephant, Cath., Voc.; olefawnt, Voc.; oliphant, S3; olifant, WA; ollivant, HD; olyfaunce, pl., HD.—OF. olifant, elephant, ivory, ivory horn, also elefant; Lat. elephantem; Gr. ἐλέφας (-αντα).

On, prep. on, at, in, among, of, S, S2, S3, C2, WW; one, S; onne, S; a, S, S2, C2, PP; o, S, S2, H; an, S, S2, PP.—AS. an, on.

On, num. one, S, S2; see Oon.

On-, prefix (1), standing for On, prep.

On-, prefix (2), standing for AS. and-, against, in return, toward.—AS. on-, ond-, and-, Goth. and-, anda-; cp. OHG. ant- (ent-).

On-, prefix (3), with negative force; see Un- 1.

On-, prefix (4), before verbs; see Un- 2.

Onan, adv. at once, S2; onon, S, S3; see An-on.

On-bydraw, v. to withdraw; on-bydrew, pt. s., S3. (On- 4.)

On-come, sb. attack, JD; on-comys, pl., H. (On- 1.)

Onde, sb. breath, emotion, hatred, envy S, S2, HD, CM; aande, WA; ande, MD H, WA, Cath.; aynd, JD, B; hand, S2.—AS. anda: OS. ando; cp. Icel. andi, breath, the spirit (in theology).

Ondful, adj. envious, MD; ontful, S.

Ond-swere, sb. answer, S; see Answere.

Ondswerien, v. to answer, S; see Answeren.

Ondyn, v. to breathe, Prompt.; ande, Cath.

Ondyng, sb. smelling, PP; aynding, B.

Ones, adv. once, S2, S3, C3, G, P; see Oones.

One-sprute, sb. inspiration, S2.

On-ferrum, adv. afar, S2; see Aferre. (On- 1.)

On-fon, v. to receive, endure; onnfoð, pr. s., S; onfanged, pt. s., S2.—AS. on-fón for ond-fón, see Sievers, 198, 5. 1. Cf. Afon. (On- 2.)

Ongel, sb. angel, S; see Angel.

On-halsien, v. to adjure, entreat, S. (On- 1.)

Onhede, sb. unity, Voc.; see Oonhed.

Oniȝt, adv. by night, S; see A-nyghte.

On-imete, adj. immeasurable, S; see Unimet. (On- 3.)

On-lappyt, pt. s. unfolded, S3; see Unlappe.

On-lepi, adj. only, S, S2; see Oonlepy.

Onlepiliche, adv. only, singly, S MD.

On-lesum, adj. not allowable, S3; see Unleuesum. (On- 3.)

Onlich, adj. only, S; see Oonli.

On-lofte, adv. aloft, S2, C2; see Alofte. (On- 1.)

On-losti, adj. idle, S2; see Unlusti.

On-lyue, adv. alive, C2, G; onliue, S.—AS. on lífe. Cf. Alyue. (On- 1.)

Onoh, enough, S; see Ynow.

Onond, prep. as regards, respecting, S; onont, S; see An-ent.

On-rounde, adv. around, S2. (On- 1.)

On-sage, sb. affirmation, charge; on-sagen, pl. dat., S.—AS. on-sagu, affirmation (Schmid), for ond-sagu, see Sievers, 198, 5. 1. (On- 2.)

On-sene, sb. face, SD; onsene, dat., S.—AS. on-séon, on sýn, an-sýn (Mt. 28. 3). (On- 1.)

On-side, adv. aside, NED. (On- 1.)

On-sides, adv. aside, NED.

On-sidis-hond, adv. aside, S2.

On-sihðe, sb. appearance, S. (On- 1.)

On-slepe, adv. asleep, S2. (On- 1.)

On-spekinde, pr. p. unspeaking, unspeakable, S2. (On- 3.)

On-swere, sb. answer, S; see Answere.

On-swerde, pt. s. answered, S; see Answeren.

On-tenden, v. to set on fire; ontent, pr. s., S; ontende, pp., S.—AS. on-tendan. Cf. Atenden. (On- 1.)

Ontful, adj. envious, S; see Ondful.

On-þolyinde, pr. p. not enduring, intolerable, S2. (On- 3.)

On-till, prep. until, to, B; see Until.

On-todelinde, pr. p., adj. undividing, indivisible, S2.—AS. un-todǽlende. (On- 3.)

On-uppe, prep. above, S; see An-uppe.

On-vale, v. to unveil, S3. (On- 4.)

On-uast, prep. fast by, S.

On-wald, sb. power; anwalde, dat., S; anwolde, S; onwalde, S; onwolde, S.—AS. anwald. (On- 1.)

On-wurþi, adj. unworthy, Prompt.; see Unwurði.

On-zyginde, pr. p. unseeing, used in sense of ‘invisible,’ S2. (On- 3.)

Ook, sb. oak, C2, C3; ak, Voc.; ok, S2; ake, Voc.; oke, Voc., Cath., G; akis, pl., S3.—AS. ác; cp. OHG. eich (eih). Cf. Noke.

Oon, num. and indef. art. one, S2, S3, C2, C3, G; an, one, an, S, S2, H; ane, MD, S3, H; a, MD, S2, H; on, S, S2, S3, C2, G; one, MD, S, S2; o, S, S2, S3, C3, G; oo, S3, C3; æn, S; ann, S; ænne, S; enne, S, S2; ene, S; anæ, S; ane, S; onne, S; ore, dat. f., S. Phr.: by him one, by himself, MD; be it ane, by itself, H (Ps. 101. 7); all himm ane, all by himself, S; hire ane, by herself, S; ower ones, of you alone, S.—AS. án.

Oone-fold, adj. onefold, single, simple, MD; anfald, S, HD.—AS. án-feald.

Oones, adv. once, G; ones, MD, S2, S3, C3, G, P; onis, P; onys, W2; enes, S, S2; æness, S. Phr.: at anes, at once, MD; et enes, S; at ones, MD, S2, C3; at ans, S2; at oones, G.—AS. ánes, gen. m. of án, used in ME. adverbially. AS. ǽne is used to express ‘once, at once.’ Cf. Nones.

Oonhed, sb. unity, HD (p. 588); one-heede, HD; onhede, Voc.; anhed, H; anhede, H.

Oonlepy, adj., adv. only, sole, MD; onlepi, S, S2; olepi, S, S2; anlepi, S, H.—AS. án-lepig.

Oonli, adj. only, sole, MD; onlich, MD, S; anli, anly, H. Comb.: anly stede, solitude, H.—AS. án-lic, ǽn-lic.

Oonli, adv. only, W; onliche, PP; onlych, S2; oneliche, PP; anli, MD; anly, S2; onli, MD; oneli, W (John 5. 18).

Oor, sb. ore, unrefined metal, S2; ore, Voc.; oore, Manip.—AS. ór (SkD).

Oost, sb. an army, B, S3, W, W2; oist, B; oyst, B; ost, B, S2; oostis, pl., W, W2.—AF. ost, host; Lat. hostem, enemy, stranger.

Ooste, sb. host, inn-keeper, MD; ost, CM, MD; host, MD; hoost, C; hoste, dat., MD.—OF. oste, hoste; Lat. hospitem.

Open, adj. open, S2, SD; ope, S; upon, S2; opyn. W; opene, pl., S.—AS. open; cp. Icel. opinn, and OHG. offan (Otfrid).

Open-heaued, adj. bare-headed, S.

Openin, v. to open, explain, S; oppenand, pr. p., S2.—AS. (ge-)openian.

Open-lic, adj. open, S2; openliche, adv., S; opeliche, S.—AS. openlic, adv. openlice.

Opposen, v. to question, SkD; oposyn, Prompt.; opposed, pt. s., PP.—OF. opposer; Lat. ob + pausare. Cf. Aposen.

Opye, sb. opium, C, CM.—OF. opie; Lat. opium; Gr. ὄπιον, poppy-juice, from ὀπός, sap.

Or, pron. your, S2; ore, S2; see Ȝoure.

Or, prep., conj., adv. before. Comb.: or ever, WW. See Er.

Or, conj. or, S; see Oðer.

Or-, prefix, out, without, excessive.—AS. or-: OHG. ur- (Tatian): Goth. us-. Cf. A- 1.

Oratorye, sb. a place for prayer, C.—OF. oratoire; Lat. oratorium (Vulg.).

Orcheȝard, sb. orchard, S3; orchærd, SD; orchard, Voc.—AS. orcerd (Voc.), ort-geard, (BT): Goth. aurtigards; see Fick, 7. 35.

Ord, sb. point, beginning, S, HD, C2; orde, dat., S.—AS. ord (Voc.); cp. OHG. ort, a point, limit, district, Icel. oddr, ‘cuspis;’ see Kluge.

Ordal, sb. ordeal, a severe test before judge, CM, SkD.—AS. or-dél, OS. ur-déli; cp. OHG. ur-deili, ‘judicium’ (Otfrid). (Or-.)

Ordeynen, v. to ordain, appoint, S2, PP; ordayny, S2; ordand, pt. s., S3; ordeigned, P; ordaynt, pp., S2; i-ordeyned, S2.—AF. ordeiner, OF. ordener Lat. ordinare.

Ordeynour, sb. arranger, S2.

Ordinance, sb. provision, array, S2.—AF. ordinance (ordenance).

Ordinatly, adv. in good order, S3.

Ordre, sb. order, PP, C3; ordres, pl., orders (of friars), PP; holy orders, PP.—AF. ordre; OF. ordene, ordine; Lat. ordinem.

Ordren, v. to arrange, rank, SD; i-ordret, pp., S.

Ore, sb. oar, S; are, MD; ayr, B; ores, pl., S.—AS. ár.

Ore, num. dat. fem. one, S; see Oon.

Ore, sb. honour, grace, favour, clemency, happy augury, S, S2, G, CM; see Are.

Ore, sb. ore, Voc.; see Oor.

Ore-les, adj. merciless, S2; oreleas, S; see Areles.

Orest, adj. and adv. superl. first, S; see Er.

Orf, sb. an inheritance, hence, cattle, S, S2.—Icel. arfr. See Erfe.

Organ, sb. organ, PP; organs, pl., organum, Voc.; orguns, harps (= organa), W2; orgoyns, H.—Lat. organum; Gr. ὄργανον.

Orgeilus, adj. proud, S, SD; orgillous, Sh.—OF. orgueilleus (Bartsch).

Orgel, sb. pride, SD; orhel, S; orgul, SD.—AS. orgel; cp. OF. orguel (Bartsch). Probably of Teut. origin; cp. OHG. ur-gilo, excessively, oppressively (Otfrid). (Or-.)

Orient, sb. the East, S3, C2.—AF. orient Lat. orientem, the rising (sun).

Orientales, sb. pl. sapphires, P.

Orisoun, sb. prayer, orison, C, S2; ureisun, S; oreisouns, pl., S2; orisons, C3.—AF. oreison, (ur-), oraisun; Church Lat. orationem, prayer, from orare, to pray.

Orlege, sb. time-teller, JD; see Orologe.

Orleger, sb. clock, dial, S3; orlager, JD. See above.

Or-mete, adj. immense, S.—AS. ormǽte.

Orologe, sb. time-teller, dial, clock, S3; orloge, Cath. (n); orlogge, C, CM; horologe, Voc.; orlege, JD; horlege, Cath., Prompt. (p. 120); orlage, Voc.—Lat. horologium; Gr. ὠρολόγιον; cp. F. horloge, Sp. relox (Minsheu).

Orped, adj. valiant, S2, HD, SD; orpud, Prompt.; orpid, HD; orpit, proud, also fretful, habitually chiding, JD; horpid, SD; horpyd, HD; orpede, HD; used as a descriptive personal name, Bardsley; horpede, Bardsley.

Orpedliche, adv. boldly, SD; orpedlich, HD; orpedli, SD.

Orpedschipe, sb. bravery, SD.

Orpiment, sb. orpiment, C2.—AF. orpiment, Late Lat. auripigmentum; Lat. aurum, gold + pigmentum, colouring material.

Orpine, sb. a kind of stone-crop, Cath., SkD; yellow arsenic, HD; orpyne, Voc.; orpin, telepinum, Manip.; orpyn, crassula major, Prompt.—OF. orpin, orpin; also orpine, orpiment, or arsenic (Cotg.).

Orrible, adj. horrible, MD.—OF. orrible; Lat. horribilem.

Orrour, sb. horror, dread, W2.—OF. orreur (Bartsch); Lat. horrorem.

Orts, sb. pl. remnants, Sh.; ortus, Prompt.; ortys, Cath.—AS. *or-ǽt, ‘reliquiae pabuli’; cp. ODu. oor-ete, what is left after eating. (Or-.)

Osse, sb. omen, prophecy, ND.

Osse, v. to prophesy, HD; osses, pr. s., WA; ossed, pp., WA.—OF. oser, to venture, to dare; Late Lat. ausare (It. ausare), from Lat. audere (pp. aus-us).

Ossing, sb. attempt, WA. See above.

Ostage, sb. hostage, S2; hostage, B.—AF. ostage (hostage); Late Lat. *obsidaticum (cp. It. statico.), from Lat. obsidem, hostage, one who remains behind, from obsid-, stem of obsidere.

Oste, sb. host, MD; ost, CM, MD; see Ooste.

Ostel, sb. hostel, Prompt., MD; hostel, MD; osteyl, HD; ostayle, HD.—OF. ostel, hostel; Lat. hospitale, relating to a guest. See Ooste.

Ostelere, sb. inn-keeper, Prompt.; ostiler, W; hostiler, C; hostellere, P.

Ostelrie, sb. hostelry, MD, CM; hostelrie, C.

Ostery, sb. inn, HD, MD; ostrie, W; hostery, MD.

Ostryche, sb. ostrich, Voc.; ostridge, Cotg.; estridge, HD; ostrigis, pl., W2.—OF. ostruce (Cotg.), austruce (Brachet): Sp. avestruz; Late Lat. avis-strucio; strucio for struthio; Gr. στρουθίων an ostrich, from στρουθός, a bird.

Otes, sb. pl. oats, C2, P; otys, Voc.—AS. áte (OET).

Oter, sb. otter, S; otyr, Voc.; otyre, HD.—AS. otor (Voc.).

Oth, prep. and conj. up to, until; oð, S; a, S, NED (p. 3 c). Comb.: a-þet, until that, S.—AS. óð: OS. and Goth. und. Cf. Un- 3.

Oth, sb. oath, MD; oþ, S, S2, C; ot, S; athes, pl., S; oþes, S, C2, C3.—AS. áð: Goth. aiths; cp. OHG. eid (Tatian).

Oðer, conj. either . . . or, S, S2, S3, C3; ouðer, S2, H, G; or, S; adv. even, S2; auþer, HD.—AS. á-hwæðer (óhwæðer, áwðer, ówðer, áuðer, áðer, áðor). See Sievers, 346.

Other, adj. second, relating to one of two, other, S, S2, G. Phr.: day and other, continually, G.—AS. oðer: OS. óðar, andar; cp. OHG. ander (Otfrid), Goth. anthar, Skt. antara. For the suffix -thar cf. Forther.

Other-gatis, adv. otherwise, H.

Oðer-luker, adv. comp. otherwise, S.—AS. óðerlicor.

Oðer-weies, adv. in another way, otherwise, S; otherweyes, C2.

Oþer-while, adv. occasionally, S2, P.

Otherwyse, adv. on any other condition, C2.

O-twinne, apart, in two, S; otwyn, H. Cf. Atwynne. (O-.)

Ou, pron. you, S, S2, PP; see Ȝou.

Ought, sb. aught, anything, S2, C2; awiht, eawiht, MD; oht, MD, S2; ohht, S; ouȝt, W; oȝt, S; ouct, S; out, S; ahct, S; ahte, S.—AS. á-wiht. Cf. Auht.

Ouh, pr. s. possesses, S; ouhte, pt. s., S; oughten, pt. pl., C2; see Owen.

Oule, sb. owl, S2; hule, S; oules, pl., C2.—AS. úle (Voc.).

Oule, v. to howl, ululare, Manip.

Ounce, sb. ounce, C2; ouns, Voc.; unce, C, Cath.—AF. unce; Lat. uncia. See Inche.

Ouphe, sb. elf, Sh.; see Aulf.

Our, pron. your, S; oure, S2, PP; see Ȝoure.

Our-, prefix. Look for words as if spelt Ouer-. See Ouer- (= Over-) below.

Oure, pron. poss. our, W; ure, S, S2; ur, S, S2; hure, S; hur, S; oure, ours, W; ourun, W; ures, pl., S2.—AS. úre, úser, of us, our: Goth. unsara.

Ournement, sb. ornament, W2.—OF. ornement.

Ournen, v. to adorn, W2; ournede, pt. s., W2; ourned, pp., W, W2.—OF. orner; Lat. ornare.

Ournyng, sb. an adorning, W.

Ous, pron. dat. and acc. us, S2, PP; ows, PP; vus, S2; us, C2. Comb.: us self, ourselves, S, C2; us selue, P; us silf, W.—AS. ús: Goth. uns.

Out, adv. out, WA; ut, S; owt, B; oute, WA; out, interj., away! S2; uttere, adj. comp., outer, S; utter, C3; uttereste, superl., extreme, C2; outemest, SD. Comb.: utmer, outer, W; uttermere, W2; utnume, exceptionally, S; out taken, except, S2, C3; out takun, W, W2; outtane, S2; outane, B; owtane, B; utward, outward, S; ute wit, outside, S2; outwith, WA.

Out, sb. aught, S; see Ought.

Out-beren, v. to bear out, S2.

Out-blasten, v. to blow out; out-blaste, pt. s., S2.

Out-bray, v. to bray out, S3.

Out-breiden, v. to awake; oute-breyde, pt. s., S2.

Out-bresten, v. to burst out; owt-brastyng, pr. p., S3; ute-brast, pt. s., S2; out-brast, S3.

Outen, adj. strange, foreign, S2.

Outen, v. to utter, C2, C3, SkD (s.v. utter).—AS. útian.

Outerly, adv. utterly, C2, C3; uterly, S3 (s.v. al); utrely, S2.

Outhees, sb. the hue and cry. C, HD; utheste, S.—Low Lat. uthesium (Schmid), for hutesium (huesium), from OF. huter (huer), see Ducange. (s.v. huesium). See Houten.

Ouðer, conj. either, or, SD, S2, H; see Oðer.

Out-ioiyng, sb. extreme joy, W2.

Out-lawe, sb. outlaw, PP, Manip.; ut-laȝe, S.—AS. útlaga (Schmid); Icel. útlaga, outlawed, útlagi, outlaw.

Out-leden, v. to produce, educere; oute-leden, S2.

Out-let, sb. outlet; utlete, dat., S.—Cp. Icel. út-lát.

Outrage, sb. outrage, excessive insult, SD, H, B, luxus, Manip.; owterage, excessus, Prompt.—OF. outrage, oltrage; cp. It. oltraggio (Florio), Low Lat. ultragium; from OF. oltre; Lat. ultra.

Outrage, adj. outrageous, S3; wtrage, S3; owtrage, S3.

Outrage, v. to outrage, destroy, to lose temper, C2; outrayed, pt. s. S3.—OF. oultrager (Cotg.).

Outragely, adv. superfluously, H.

Outrageous, adj. excessive, C3, B.

Outrageusly, adv. excessively, H.

Outrance, sb. excess, extremity, S3, JD.—OF. oultrance (Cotg.).

Outrayed, pt. s. destroyed, S3; see Outrage, v.

Outren, v. to utter, to put out and circulate, SkD.

Out-ryde, v. to ride out, PP; to outride, overtake in riding, S.

Out-senden, v. to send out, S2.

Out-take, v. to take out, except, deliver, S2; out toke, pt. s., S2; out taken, pp., S2, C3; out takun, W, W2; out tane, S2; outakun, W2. See Out.

Ouȝt, sb. aught, W; see Ought.

Ouȝte, pt. s. possessed, W; see Owen.

Ouelete, sb. the oblation in the Eucharist, S.—AS. ofléte (Leo), oflate (OET); Church Lat. oblata (Ducange). Cf. Oble.

Ouen, sb. oven, S; ofne, dat., S.—AS. ofen, OHG. ofan (Tatian): Goth. auhns: OTeut. stem *uhwna-, see Douse, p. 80.

Ouer, prep., adv. over, above, beyond, S, C2, W; uferr, S; our, S2, S3, B; oure, S3; ouer, adj., upper, C, SkD; ouerer, comp., W2, H; ouereste, superl., C, S2. Comb.: oueral, all over, everywhere, S, S2, C, C2, C3; ouur al, S2; ouir litil, too little, Prompt.; or-litel, S2; ouer mykel, over much, S2; ouer þwert, across, perverse, S2, W; ouer thwart, across, crossways, C; our-thwort, S3, B.—AS. ofer: Goth. ufar (see Sievers, 25. 1); cp. OHG. ubar (Otfrid).

Ouer-, prefix, over-; our-, B; or-, S2.

Ouer-cummen, v. to overcome, S; ouercome, S, S2, W2; ofercom, pt. s., S; ouercom, S2; ouercumen, pp., S; ouercome, S2.—AS. ofer-cuman.

Ouer-dede, sb. excess, S.

Ouer-fare, v. to pass over, S2.—AS. ofer-faran.

Our-fret, pt. s. fretted over, S3.

Ouer-gan, v. to go over, superare, SD, S2; ouergon, S, W; ourga, B; ouergon, pp., S2.—AS. ofer-gán: OHG. ubar-gán (Otfrid).

Our-hailing, pr. p. overhauling, considering, S3.

Our-heldand, pr. p. covering over, S3.

Ouer-howen, v. to disregard, despise; ofer-howeð, pr. s., S; ofer-hoȝien, SD.

Ouer-lede, v. to domineer over. P.

Ouer-leiyng, sb. pressure, W.

Ouer-liggen, v. to lie upon, S.—AS. ofer-licgan.

Ouer-lippe, sb. upper lip, S2, C.

Ouer-lop, sb. omission, S2.

Ouerlyng, sb. a superior, H, HD.

Ouer-maistrien, v. to overmaster, P.

Ouermastes, sb. pl. summits, S2.

Ouer-non, sb. afternoon, S2 (1 a. 164).

Ouer-sen, v. to observe, survey, look down upon, to despise, overlook, P; ouersihð, pr. s., S; ouerseȝ, pt. s., S (16. 30); ouer-sene, pp., WW, S3; ouer-seye (me), pp., forgotten myself, P.—AS. ofer-séon.

Ouer-sloppe, sb. upper garment, C3.

Our-straught, pp. Streched across, S3.

Ouer-take, v. to overtake, SD; ouertan, pp., S2; ourtane, B.

Ouer-þogt, adj. anxious, S.

Over-throwe, v. to fall down, G; overthrew, pt. s., G.

Ouer-tild, pp. covered over, S.—AS. ofer-teldan to cover over.

Ouertlye, adv. openly, S2.—From AF. overt) pp. of ovrir, OF. aövrir, aüvrir, Prov. adubrir; Lat. ad + de + operire.

Ouer-trowynge, pr. p. anxious, overconscious, W.

Ouer-walten, v. to overflow, S2.

Ouer-wente, pt. s. overcame, S. See Ouer-gan.

Ouet, sb. fruit, S2.—AS. ofet; cp. OHG. obaz (G. obst), Du. ooft; see Kluge.

Ow, interj. alas! G.

Ow, pron. you, S, S2; see Ȝou.

Owai, adv. away, S2. Phr.: owai do þam, do away with them, destroy them, S2. See Away.

Owel, sb. awl, S, Voc.; see Aul.

Owen, v. to have, possess, to have to do, to be obliged, to owe, MD, S, Cs, PP; oȝen, S; aȝen, S; aȝhenn, MD; aghe, H; awen, MD; agen, S; ahen, S; owe, pr. s., P; og, S; ouh, S; aȝh, S2; ah, S; au, S2; ouhte, pt. s., PP, S; ouȝte, PP, W; auhte, S; aucte, S; ahte, S; aghte, H; agte, S; aȝte, S2; auȝt, W; aght, S2; aucht, pl., S2; oughten, C2.—AS. ágan, 1 and 3 pr. s. áh (pl. ágon), pt. áhte, pp. ágen.

Owen, adj. own, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, PP; oȝen, S, S2; ogen, S; aȝen, S; agen, S; aȝhenn, S; ahen, S; awin, S3; awyn, S3; awn, S3; owe, S, S2; oghe, S; oge, S; oune, S, S2, PP; oȝene, S2; oghne, S2.—AS. ágen, own, possessed, pp. of ágan, to possess.

Ower, pron. your, S; see Ȝoure.

O-wher, adv. somewhere, anywhere, C, C3, SD (s.v. âwhēr, p. 12); owhar, SD, S2 (7. 417); ouer (for ouuer ?), S.—AS. á-hwǽr. See O (adv.).

O-whider, adv. anywhither, SD (p. 12); o-hwider, S.—AS. á-hwider. See O (adv.). 

O-whils, conj. on whiles, during the time that, H.

Oxe, sb. ox, S; exen, pl., HD; oxis, W.—AS. oxa: OHG. ohso (Tatian): Goth. auhsa; cp. Skt. ukshan. The AS. pl. forms are oxan, œxen, exen.

Oxe-stalle, sb. ox-stall, C2.

Oxspring, sb. offspring, S2; see Of-spring.

Oyle, sb. oil, C3, MD; oylle, S2; oyele, S2; oli, MD; oilles, pl., flattery, PP. Phr.: bere up oile, to flatter, PP (n); hilde vp þe kynges oyl, Trevisa, 3. 447, see NQ (6. 1. 75).—AF. oile, olie; Late Lat. olium; Lat. oleum. Cf. Ele.

Oynement, sb. ointment, W, C; oynementis, pl., S3, W.—AF. oignement, from ongier, to anoint; Lat. ungere. Cf. Noynement.

Oyntynge, sb. anointing, H.

Oynoun, sb. onion, CM; oynon, Voc.; oingnum, Voc.; oynouns, pl., C; oyneȝones, HD.—AF. oynoun (F. oignon); Lat. unionem.

Oȝein, prep. against, MD; see Aȝein.

Oȝeines, prep. in comparison with, S; see Aȝeines.

Oȝen, v. to owe, S; see Owen, v.

Oȝen, adj. own, S; see Owen, adj.

Oȝt, sb. aught, S; see Ought.

P.

Pace, sb.; see Pas.

Pace, v.; see Passen.

Padde, sb. toad, SkD; pades, pl., S; paddis, SkD. Comb.: pad-stoole, toad-stool, Manip.—Icel. padda.

Paddok, sb. toad, Prompt.; frog, W2; paddoke, rana, Voc. (n); padockes, pl., grenouilles, Palsg. Comb.: paddok-stole, fungus, toad-stool, Cath.

Paene, adj. pagan, S; see Payen.

Pagent, sb. a pageant, pagina, Prompt.; pageant, scena, theatrum, Manip.

Pagent, sb. a page, writing; see below.

Pagyne, sb. page, writing, HD; pagine, SkD; pagent, SkD (s.v. page). Phr.: perfeccioun of dyuyne pagyne, H (p. 4).—Lat. pagina, a written page, that which is written, a paragraph or book.

Pais, sb. peace, S; see Pees.

Pak, sb. a small bundle, PP; pakke, sarcina, Prompt.

Pakken, v. to pack, PP, Prompt.

Pak-nelde, sb. packing-needle, PP; pakneelde, S2; paknedle, PP.

Pakok, sb. a peacock, PP; see Pecok.

Palesye, sb. paralysis, palsy, PP, S2; perlesy, HD; palesye, PP, S2; palesie, S2; palasie, S2; palacye, PP; palesy, W; palsye, P, Prompt.; parlesy, Cath., SkD.—OF. paralysie; Lat. paralysin; from Gr. παράλυσις.

Paleys, sb. palace, C, C2, PP; paleis, PP; palais, S; palys, PP; paleyses, pl., PP; paleis, PP.—AF. paleis, OF. palais; Lat. palatium.

Palfrey, sb. palfrey, saddle-horse, S2, C, PP; palfray, PP; palefrei, S.—AF. palefrei, OF. palefreid (Roland); Low Lat. paraveredum.

Palle, sb. the archbishop’s pallium, funeral pall, a costly kind of texture, a canopy, Prompt., HD, Voc.; pall, HD, WA; pal, S; pelle, Prompt., S; pell, S2; pelles, pl., S. Comb.: pallen webis, fabrics of pall or fine cloth, WA.—Late Lat. pallium and palla, see Ducange; cp. OF. pale, a kind of cloth (Ducange), and AS. pæll, a rich texture (Voc.).

Pallen, v. to pall, to become vapid, Prompt., Palsg., SkD; palled, pp. enfeebled, C3.—OF. pallir, to grow pale; see Constans.

Palme, sb. palm (tree), palm of victory, WA; palm, palm-branch, C3.—AF. palme; Lat. palma.

Palmere, sb. palmer, S, PP; palmers, pl. S2.—AF. palmer; Church Lat. palmarium (acc.). See above.

Palmestrye, sb. palmistry, S3. See Paume.

Paltok, sb. jacket, PP, Prompt.; paltocke, HD, Palsg.; paltoke, Voc.—OF. paletocque (Prompt., n). For cognates, see SkD (s.v. paltry).

Pament, sb. pavement, S3; see Pauement.

Pane, sb. a part or division of a thing, a skirt, Prompt., HD, SkD.—OF. pan, a piece (Bartsch); Lat. pannum (acc.). Cf. Peny.

Panel, sb. a division, compartment, jurylist, piece of cloth on horse’s back, Cath. (n) PP, Sh.; panell, PP; panelle, subsellium. Cath.; pannell, HD, Palsg.—AF. panel. See above.

Paneter, sb. butler, PP; pantere, Voc.; panter, PP.—AF. panneter; Late Lat. panetarium (acc.). See Payn.

Panne, sb. pan, brain-pan, skull, PP, C3, Voc., Prompt.; ponne, PP; pan, C.—AS. panne (Voc.); cp. Low Lat. panna (Ducange), and G. pfanne.

Pans, sb. pl. pence, W; see Peny.

Panter, sb. painter, pictor, Voc. See Peynten.

Panter, sb. a net, snare, CM, HD, Voc.; pantere, Prompt.; panther, Palsg., HD.—OF. pantiere; Late Lat. panthēra; Gr. πανθήρα; see Ducange.

Pantere, sb. panther, S3, Voc.—OF. pantere; Lat. panthēra; from Gr. πάνθηρ

Panyer, sb. pannier, bread-basket, PP; payneres, pl., PP.—AF. panyer. See Payn.

Papejay, sb. parrot, popinjay, C2; popeiay, PP; papinjay. Voc.; popinjay, Voc.; popyngay, S3, HD; papyngay, HD; papingais, pl., S3; popyngayes, S3.—AF. papejaye parrot (mod. papegai); cp. OF. papegaux pl.; Low Lat. pappagallus by popular etymology from the Low Gr. παπαγάς, see Ducange.

Pappe, sb. breast, S, Voc.; pappes, pl., S (n), WW; pappys, HD.

Par, prep. by, with. Comb.: par amour, by love, with love, C; for paramour, for love, C2; paramour, a lover (of either sex), C, WA; paranioure, Manip.; par auenture, peradventure, S2, C2, C3, PP; perauntere, H; parauntre, S2; perauenture, W; par cas, by chance, C3; par de (par Dieu), C, C3; pardee, C2 par fay, by my faith, C2, C3.

Par-; see also under Per-.

Parage, sb. kindred, family; hence, birth, descent, HD, JD, CM; equality, DG.—AF. parage; Late Lat. *paraticum, an equality, from Lat. par, equal. Cf. Disparage.

Parcel, sb. part, share, little bit, PP; parcele, WA.—AF. parcele, part; Late Lat. particella; cp. It. particella.

Parcel-mele, adv. separately, bit by bit, PP; percel-mel, S2, PP.

Parcenel, sb. partner, H.

Parcenelynge, sb. partnership, H.

Parcener, sb. sharer, HD, W2; partener, W; partynere, S3; parceneris, pl., W, W2; parteneris, W; partyneris, W.—AF. parcenere, parsenere, pl. parceners, perceners; Late Lat. partionarinm (acc.).

Parchementer, sb. preparer of parchment, Cath.; parmenter, Voc.

Parchemyn, sb. parchment, W, PP; perchemyn, PP; perchemen, WA.—AF. parchemin, Gr. περγαμηνή from Πέργαμος (cp. Lat. pergamena).

Parchment; see Passamen.

Parclos, sb. an enclosure, partition, screen, S3, Palsg.; parcloos, Prompt.; perclos, HD; perclose, HD.—OF. parclos, pp., closed completely; Lat. per + clausum.

Pardon, sb. pardon, PP.—AF. pardun.

Pardoner, sb. a seller of pardons, C, PP; pardonere, Prompt.

Parement, sb. an adorning, C2, CM; paramentz, pl., C. Phr.: chambre of parementz, the presence-chamber, C2.—OF. parement; also chambre de parement, the Chamber of Presence (Cotg.).

Parfit, adj. perfect, S2, PP, GS, W; parfyt, PP; perfyt, C; parfight, C; perfit, C3, W; perfight, C.—OF. parfit, parfeit; Lat. perfectum.

Parfitliche, adv. perfectly, PP; perfitliche, PP; parfitly, C2, CM; parfitli, W; perfytliest, superl., H.

Parfournen, v. to perform, PP, C2, CM, SPD (p. 280); parforme, PP; perfourne, PP; performen, PP.—AF. parurnir, parfournir, to perform, to furnish. Cf. Furnish.

Cross-reference could not be identified.

Parische, sb. parish, PP; parisch, PP; paresche, PP; parsche, PP.—OF. paroisse; Church Lat. paroecia (also parochia); Gr. παροικία.

Parischen, sb. parishioner, Cath., C; parisschens, pl., PP, S2; parshens, PP.—OF. paroissien. See above.

Paritorie, sb. pellitory, C3, SkD; peritorie, the wall-plant bartram, Manip.; paratory, colitropium, Voc.; parietary, HD.—OF. paritoire, pellitory (Cotg.) and paritarie (Alph.); Late Lat. paritaria (Alph.); Lat. parietaria, from paries, wall.

Parlement, sb. parliament, conference, PP, S2.—AF. parlement, from OF. parler, to talk; Low Lat. parabolare (Brachet).

Parlesy; see Palesy.

Parloure, sb. the conversation room in nunneries, PP; parlowr, ‘colloquotorium,’ Cath.; parlur, S.—OF. parloir; Church Lat. parlatorium (Ducange).

Parochien, sb. parishioner, PP; perrochioun, S3; paroschienes, pl., PP.—OF. parochien; Church Lat. parochianum; from parochia. See Parische.

Partie, sb. part, portion, PP; partye, party (in a law suit), PP; party, side, S2; parties, pl., parts, S2. Phr.: a party, partially, S2.—AF. partie (partye), person; Lat. partita, divided.

Partly, adv. briskly; see Perk.

Partriche, sb. partridge, S3, PP; partrich, C; pertryche, Prompt.—AF. perdrice, perdriz; Lat. perdicem.

Parvis, sb. the open space in front of St. Paul’s cathedral, HD; parvys, C, CM; parvyse, HD; parvyce, Prompt.—OF. parvis, the porch of a church, the outer court of a palace (hence Low Lat. parvisum), parevis, pareïs, paraïs; Late Lat. paradisum (acc.), the portico of St. Peter’s, Rome (Ducange), also paradise (Vulg.); Gr. παράδεισος. For the intercalation of v in OF. parvis, see Brachet (s.v. corvée).

Pas, sb. a step, pace, pass, passage, canto, narrow path, C2, C3, PP, S2; paas, C3; pass, S2; pace, Prompt.; pas, pl., S2; pases, S2.—AF. pas; Lat. passum (acc.).

Paschen, v. to dash, to strike; pash, HD; paschte, pt. s., PP; passhed, pp., passchet, pp., S2.

Paske, sb. passover, W, PP, HD; pask, W.—AF. pask; Church Lat. pascha; Gr. πάσχα; Heb. pesak, a passing-over.

Passamen, sb. a kind of lace, SPD (p. 272), HD; passements, pl., SPD, DG. Comb.: passamen lace, NQ (5. 9. 231); parchment lace, SPD.—OF. passement, a lace (Cotg.): It. passamáno (Florio); cp. Sp. passamáno, G. posament (Weigand). Cf. Perchmentier.

Passen, v. to pass, surpass, PP, C2, C3; pace, S2, C2, C3; to die, C2; y-passed, pp., PP; pasand, pr. p., S3.—AF. passer.

Passyng, pr. p. as adv. surpassing, i.e. very, S3; adj., C3.

Passyngly, adv. in a surpassing degree, S3.

Pas-tans, sb. pastime, S3; pastance, S3; pastaunce, HD.—OF. passe-tans, passe-tens, passe-temps.

Patter, v. to repeat prayers, to say repeatedly, S3; patred, pt. s., S3 (n), HD.—From Church Lat. pater, the first word in the pater-noster (‘Our Father’).

Paue, v. to pave; y-paued, pp., S3.—OF. pauer.

Pauement, sb. pavement, C2; pauiment, SkD; pament, S3, Voc., Cath. (n), H; pawment, Prompt.—AF. pavement; Lat. pauimentum.

Paume, sb. palm of the hand, PP; pawme, PP, W, Prompt.; pame, Voc. Comb.: palme-play, game of ball played with the hand, S3.—OF. paume, palm of the hand; Lat. palma; cp. F. jeu de paume, tennis.

Pautener, sb. a vagabond, a libertine, HD; adj., rascally, ribald, B.—OF. pautonier, paltunier, a rascal (Bartsch); cp. Low Lat. paltonarius (Ducange). For cognates see SkD (s.v. paltry).

Pauilon, sb. pavilion, tent, PP; pauilyoune, S2; pauiloun, lawyer’s coif, PP; pauyloun, coif, PP; pauylons, pl., tents, S2.—AF. pavillon, tent; Lat. papilionem, a tent, a butterfly.

Pavyce, sb. a shield, defence, Prompt.; pauice, SkD; pauys, Prompt. (n), SkD, Voc., HD; pavisse, HD; pauish, Prompt. (n), HD; paluoise, Florio (s.v. testudine); palueise, Florio (s.v. pauese).—AF. pavise; Low Lat. pavisium (acc.), also pavesium; cp. OF. pavois (Cotg.); Low Lat. pavensem (Ducange).

Pavyser, sb. a soldier armed with a pavise, HD.

Pax-brede, sb. a tablet with a crucifix which received from the worshippers the ‘osculum pacis,’ Voc., HD. See Bred (2).

Paye, sb. satisfaction, HD, S2, PP; paie, S2; pay, S2.—AF. paie.

Payen, v. to please, satisfy, pay, PP, S2, H; payed, pp., satisfied, PP; paied, W; payd, S2; paid, S2; y-payed, C.—OF. paier, to satisfy, pay: Prov. pagar; Lat. pacare.

Payen, adj. and sb. pagan, heathen, C; as a personal name, Bardsley; payn, S; paene, S; payns, pl., S; paynes, S; pains, S; paens, S; payens, S2, C3, CM.—AF. païen; Late Lat. paganum, heathen.

Payn, sb. bread, PP; payne, PP. Comb.: payn-demayn, bread made of the finest flour, C2; paynmayn, Voc.; paynemayn, C2 (n); payman, Voc., HD.—OF. pain demaine, demeine; Church Lat. panem dominicum, bread of our Lord.

Payne, sb. penalty, S2; see Peyne.

Paynyme, sb. heathendom, S; painime, S; paynym, a pagan, Saracen (an incorrect use), PP, H; payneme, S2; paynymes, pl., PP; painems, HD (s.v. payen).—AF. paenime, heathen lands, paganism; OF. paienisme; Late Lat. paganismum (ace.). See Payen.

Paynymery, sb. paganism, Cath.

Peak, v. to pry about narrowly, to peep, ND. Comb.: peak-goose, a peaking goose, ND; peek-goos, S3; pea-goose, ‘a simple, doltish fellow, a noddy peak, a ninny-hammer, a coxe,’ Cotg. (s.v. benet).

Peakish, adj. looking sneakingly, ND.

Peas, sb. peace, S3; see Pees.

Pease, v. to become peaceable; peaste, pt. s., S3.

Pece, sb. a bit, portion, a cup, S2, PP, Prompt., Cath., Palsg., HD; peyce, S3.—AF. pece, piece; cp. Low Lat. pecia, a piece (Voc.), a cup (Ducange).

Pecok, sb. peacock, PP; pecoke, Voc.; pekok, PP; pacoke, Cath.; pacok, Voc.; pakok, PP; pocok, PP, C; pokok, PP; pocokk, Voc.; pokoc, Voc.; pacokkis, pl., S3.—AS. péa (páwo); Lat. pauo; see Sievers, 37. 2. Cf. Poun.

Peekgoose, sb. a silly fellow, S3; see Peak.

Peel, sb. skin, rind of fruit, Cotg. (s.v. coupeau).—OF. pel; Lat. pellem.

Pees, sb. peace, silence, S2, C2, W, PP; pes, S, S2; peas, S3; pays, PP; pais, S.—AF. pees, pes, OF. pais; Lat. pacem.

Peesid, pp. appeased, W2.

Peirement, sb. damage, detriment, W.

Peiren, v. to injure, PP, CM; peyren, PP; peired, pp., S2.—OF. peirier; Late Lat. peiorare; cp. OF. empeirier, to become worse, to make worse, impair (Bartsch).

Peiryng, sb. damage, destruction, W.

Peis, sb. weight, PP; peys, S2, PP; peyce, Prompt.; peise, S3, Prompt.; poys, S3.—OF. peis (pois); Lat. pensum.

Peisen, v. to weigh, W2; peysede, pt. s., S2; peised, PP; poised, PP.—AF. peiser (poiser); Lat. pensare.

Peitrel, sb. breast-plate of a horse in armour, HD; peytrel, C3, Prompt.; pewtrel, Manip.; peytrelle, CM; paytrelle, HD, Voc.; pettrylle, Voc.—AF. peitrel; Lat. pectorale.

Pelet, sb. pellet, stone-ball, S2, PP, Cath., CM, Prompt.; pelot, Prompt.; pylotes, pl., Cath. (n).—AF. pelote, ball, cp. It. pillótta (Florio); dimin. of Lat. pila.

Pelle, sb. a pall, Prompt.; see Palle.

Pelrimage, sb. pilgrimage, S; see Pylgrimage.

Pelte, pt. s. pushed, S; see Pulten.

Pelure, sb. fur-work, PP; pellure, S2, Prompt., PP.—AF. pelure, OF. peleüre (from OF. pel); Late Lat. pellatura, from Lat. pellem, skin.

Pen, sb. a pen, enclosure, crib, Sh., SkD; penne, caula, Manip.; penez, pl., S2. See Pynnen.

Penaunce, sb. suffering, punishment, penance, penitence, W, C, PP.—OF. penance, peneänce; Lat. poenitentia.

Penauncer, sb. one who imposes a penance, PP.

Penaunt, sb. one undergoing penance, C2, PP; penawnte, Prompt.—OF. penant, peneänt; Lat. poenitentem.

Pencell, sb. a little banner, pennon, S2; pensel, PP, CM; pensell, Palsg., Cath. (p. 280 n).—OF. penoncel, pennoncel, dimin. of pennon, a flag, streamer. See Penoun.

Penible, adj. careful to please, C2; see Peyneble.

Penid, sb. a pennet, little wreath of sugar taken in a cold, sugar-candy, Florio (s.v. diapiéde); penet, Florio; pennet, ND, Cotg., PP, Notes (p. 110); penydes, pl., Alph.—OF. penide (Cotg.); Late Gr. πηνίδιον, a little twist of thread, from Gr. πήνη, thread. Cf. Dia-penidion.

Penne, sb. quill of a feather, Voc.; a pen, Cath.; pennes, pl., S2, W2.—AF. penne; Lat. penna.

Penoun, sb. a pennon, small banner, SkD; pynoun, C; penounes, pl., S3.—AF. penon, feather of a cross-bow bolt, OF. pennon, feather of an arrow, flag, streamer; cp. It. pennóne (Florio).

Peny, sb. penny, S2; penye, S; peny, S2; peni, S; pens, pl., W, S2, S3, C3; pons, S2; pans, W. Comb.: penny-breid, penny’s breadth, S3.—AS. pening (Mk. 12. 15), penning (Schmid), pending, a little pledge or token (SkD); cp. OHG. phending (Tatian), dimin. of phand; Lat. pannus, a piece of cloth; Late Lat. pannum, pledge, something pledged or pawned (Ducange). Cf. Pane.

Peosen, sb. pl. peas, S2; see Pese.

Per-; see also under Par-.

Perauntere, peradventure, H; see Par.

Percelmel, adv. bit by bit, S2; see Parcel-mele.

Percen, v. to pierce, S2, PP, C2; persen, W, PP; perche, Cath., HD; pershaunt, pr. p., PP; persand, S3; pearst, pp., S3; persid, W2.—AF. percer; OF. percher; Late Lat. *particare, to part. For suffix -icare, cp. Late Lat. *coacticare (whence F. cacher); see BH, § 97. Cp. also OF. person = partitionem, Ps. 15. 6 (Apfelstedt).

Perchmentier, sb. dealer in ‘parchment lace,’ S3.—Cp. It. passamentiere (Florio). See Passamen.

Percyl, sb. parsley, S2; percil, PP; percyll, Prompt.; parcelle, Cath.; persylle, Voc.; percelle, Cath.; persile, Alph.—OF. persil; Late Lat. petrocillum (Voc.); from Gr. πετροσέλινον. For the effect of the Greek accent see Brachet, and cp. F. encre (Enke).

Pere, adj. and sb. equal, a peer, PP, C2; per, SkD; peer, PP, C2; peare, S3; peres, pl., PP; pieres, S3.—AF. per (pl. pers, peres); Lat. parem.

Pere, sb. pear, Voc., Cath.; peere, Prompt.; perys, pl., CM. Comb.: peere apple, Prompt.; pere-ionette, an early ripe pear, PP; perjonette, CM.—AS. pere, peru; Lat. pirum. Cf. Pereye.

Peregrin, adj. foreign; peregryn, C2.—OF. peregrin; Lat. peregrinum. Cf. Pylgrim.

Peregrin, sb. a kind of falcon, HD.—Cp. Late Lat. peregrina falco (Ducange).

Peren, v. to appear, P.—OF. pareir (paroir); Lat. parēre, to appear.

Pereye, sb. perry, S2, Voc.; perre, Prompt.; pirrey, Cath.; pirre, Cath. Comb.: piri-whit, white perry, S2, PP.—OF. perey, peré, peiré (mod. poiré), from peire (mod. poire), pear; cp. Late Lat. piretum (Voc.), from pirum.

Perfet, adj. perfect, C3, W; see Parfit.

Perk, adj. proud, pert, elated, HD; perke, ND; pert, SkD; partly, adv., briskly, S3.

Perken, v. to smarten, to trim, SkD (s.v. pert); pyrkis, pr. s., S3.

Pernel, sb. Pernel, or Parnel, a common female name, S2, Bardsley; purnele, a concubine, PP.—OF. Peronelle; Late Lat. Petronilla, name of a saint.

Perreye, sb. jewelry, precious stones, PP; perreie, S2; perrye, C, PP, HD; perrey, S2; perree, C2.—AF. perrye; OF. pierrerie, precious stones; from OF. piere, pere; Lat. petra, stone.

Pers, adj. dark rich blue, sky-coloured, bluish grey, CM, C; perss, S3.—OF. pers (Bartsch); cp. It. perso, Low Lat. persus, perseus (Ducange).

Perte, adj. manifest, obvious, S2, PP; adv. openly, PP. See Apert.

Pertelyche, adv. plainly, evidently, S2; pertelich, PP; pertly, truly, S2; openly, P; pertely, completely, S2.

Pes, sb. peace, S, S2; see Pees.

Pese, sb. a pea, PP; peose, PP; peese, PP; pesen, pl., PP; peosen, S2; peses, PP. Comb.: pese-coddes, pea-pods, S2, P; pes-codes, S3; pese-lof, loaf made with peas, P.—AS. piose (pyse, pise), pease; Lat. pīsa, pl. of pīsum.

Pesibilte, sb. a calm, W. See Pees.

Pesible, adj. peaceful, W2.—OF. paisible; Late Lat. pacibilem.

Pesiblenesse, sb. calm, S2, W; pesibilnesse, W.

Pettail, sb. rabble, B; see Pitaile.

Pettes, sb. pl. pits, S2; see Pyt.

Peyne, sb. pain, penalty, C2, W, PP; peine, S2; payne, S2.—AF. payne, paine, OF. peine; Late Lat. pēna; Lat. poena. Cf. Pyne.

Peyneble, adj. pains-taking, S2; penyble, HD; penible, C2.—OF. penible, laborious.

Peynen, v. reflex. to take pains, PP, S2, C2; peyned, pp., punished, W.

Peynten, v. to paint, CM, PP; peynt, pp., S3, CM; peynted, C2; y-peynt, S3.—From OF. peint, pp. of peindre; Lat. pingere, see Brachet.

Peynture, sb. picture, CM.—OF. peinture (AF. painture).

Phantasie, sb. fancy, S3.—Gr. φαντασία.

Philautia, sb. explained ‘philosophy’, S3; philautie, self-love, ND.—Gr. φιλαυτία, self-love.

Philosophre, sb. philosopher, C2, C3; philosophres, pl., C3; philosophers, PP.—OF. philosophe; Lat. philosophum (acc.); Gr. φιλόσοφος, a lover of wisdom. For the r added in the English word, cp. chorister for F. choriste.

Picchen, v. to pitch, to fix, to pick, divide with a sharp point, P; pitchinge, pr. p., W; piȝte, pt. s., SD; pighte him, pitched, fell, SkD; piȝten, pl., W; piht, pp., PP; piȝt, WA; pight, S3, PP, ND; pyȝte, PP. Cf. Pyken.

Pich, sb. pitch, S; see Pikke.

Pigge, sb. pig, porcellus, Manip.; pygge, Prompt. Comb.: pigsnie, ‘pig’s eye,’ a term of endearment, ND; piggesneyghe, CM; pigsny, ND, S3.

Pike, v. to pitch, S; pykke, Cath.

Pikke, sb. pitch, Cath.; pyk, Prompt.; pyche, Prompt.; pych, S; pich, S.—AS. pic (Voc.); Lat. picem.

Piler, sb. pillar, S, PP, C2, C; pyler, PP; pilere, W; pylere, Prompt.—AF. piler; Low Lat. pilare (Ducange).

Pillage, sb. plunder; pyllage, SkD; pilage, WA.

Pillen, v. to peel, Prompt.; pille, Cath.; pill, Cotg., WW; pilie, PP; pilled, pp., bald, WW, Prompt.; piled, C; pilde, peeled, bare, S3. Phr.: pille garleke, vellicare, Cath.—OF. peler (Cotg.), also piller (Palsg.); Lat. pilare, to deprive of hair, from pilus, hair.

Pillen, v. to plunder, CM, ND; pylle, S3; pilen, PP; pil, H; pylen, PP; pylled, pt. pl., S3.—OF. piller (Cotg.); Late Lat. pilare (Ducange).

Pillery, sb. rapine, ND.

Pilling, sb. robbery, S3.

Pillour, sb. plunderer, PP; piloure, PP; pyllars, pl., S3.

Pilwe, sb. pillow, CM; pilewe, S2; pilous, pl., CM.—AS. pyle (= *pulwi); Lat. pulvinus; cp. OHG. phuliwi (Tatian).

Pilwe-beer, sb. pillow-case, C; pillowe-bere, Cath.; pyllo-berys, pl., HD.

Pinchen, v. to find fault, C3; pynche, C; i-pynched, pp., plaited, C. Phr.: I pynche courtaysye, je fays le nyce, Palsg.—OF. pincer; It. picciare, to pinch with a beak (Florio); from piccio, a beak, bill (Florio).

Pirie, sb. pear-tree, S2, P.—AS. pirige (Voc.). See Pere.

Piri-whit, sb. white perry, S2; see Pereye.

Pirries, sb. pl. storms of wind, S3; see Pyry.

Piscence, sb. might, S3; see Puissance.

Pistle, sb. epistle, PP, W, S3; pystyl, Prompt.; pistil, PP, C2; pistill, WA; pistlis, pl., W.—OF. epistle (epistre, Cotg.); Lat. epistola; Gr. ἐπιστολή, message.

Pitaile, sb. footsoldiers, infantry, S2; pettaill, rabble, B; pitaill, B; pitall, B.—AF. pitaille, foot-soldiers, OF. pietaille, a troop of footmen (Cotg.); from OF. piet; Lat. pedem.

Pitaunce, sb. provision, share, portion, dole, PP, C, CM; pytaunce, PP; pytawnce, Prompt.—OF. pitance (Bartsch); Low Lat. pictancia (Ducange).

Plage, sb. plague (= Lat. plaga), W; plague, Sh.; plagis, pl., W.—Lat. plāga (Vulg.); Gr. πληγή, a blow, stroke, plague (LXX); cp. OF. plaie.

Plage, sb. a region, Cath.; plages, pl., S2, C3, HD.—OF. plage, a region, land, sea-coast (Cotg.); Lat. plāga (Vulg.).

Plaid, sb. plea, dispute in a law-court, S; plait, S; plee, Prompt.; placitum, Voc.; ple, SkD, W; play, SkD; place, pl., pleas, S3.—AF. plait, play, OF. plaid, plait, plat, proceedings in a law-court, a trial, law-court; Late Lat. placitum, literally, what is pleasing, hence a decision, law-court, pleading.

Plaidi, v. to plead, bring a complaint, argue, S; plede, PP; placitare, Voc.; plete, PP, S3, Prompt.—AF. plaider, OF. pleidier.

Plaiding, sb. pleading, S; pledyng, PP; pletynge, S3, Prompt.

Plat, adj. flat, level, Prompt.; adv. completely, fully, JD, C2.—OF. plat.

Platly, adv. fatly, fully, S3, HD, Prompt.

Plate, sb. plate-armour, S2, C2; plates, pl., PP.—AF. plate, a plate of metal, bullion, silver-plate, f. of plat, flat.

Platte, pt. s. reflex. threw himself flat, PP, S2.

Playn, adv. plainly, clearly, C2, C3; see Pleyn.

Playne, v. to complain, S2, PP; playn, S3; pleyne, PP, C2; pleyn, S3; plane, S3; pleignen, pr. pl., S2; pleynand, pr. p., S2; plenand, H.—OF. plaign-, stem of plaignant, pr. p. of plaindre (pleindre); Lat. plangere.

Playnte, sb. complaint, lament, PP; pleinte, C2; pleyntes, pl., C3.—OF. pleinte; Late Lat. plancta, from Lat. plangere.

Playnyng, sb. complaint, S3.

Playte, sb. a fold, plica, Prompt.; pleytes, pl., plaits of a cord, HD.—OF. pleit, a fold; Lat. plicitum, folded. Cf. Plite.

Playten, v. to fold, Prompt.; plettand, pr. p., S3; pletede, pt. s., S2.

Ple, sb. plea, W; see Plaid.

Pleinte, sb. complaint, C2; see Playnte.

Plenere, adj. full, PP; adv. in full numbers, PP; plener, PP, HD.—OF. plenier; Late Lat. plenarium.

Plenerliche, adv. fully, HD; plenerly, S2.

Plenissen, v. to fill; plenyst, pp., S3.—From OF. pleniss-, stem of plenissant, pr. p. of plenir, from Lat. plenum.

Plentee, sb. plenty, C2; plente, Prompt.—OF. plenté; Lat. plenitatem.

Plenteuous, adj. plenteous, abundant, C, PP; plenteuouse, W; plentiuous, SkD; plentefous, H; plentuos, S2; plenteus, SkD.—OF. plentivous.

Plenteuouslier, adv. comp. more plenteously, W.

Plenteuousnesse, sb. plenteousness, HD.

Plentuuste, sb. plentifulness, H.

Plesaunce, sb. pleasure, kindness, PP; plesance, B, S2, Cath., C2.—OF. plaisance.

Plete, v. to plead, S3, PP, HD, Prompt.; see Plaidi.

Pletede, pt. s. plaited, folded up, S2; see Playten.

Pley, sb. play, C2; pleie, S.—AS. plega, brisk motion, fight, play (OET).

Pleyen, v. to play, amuse oneself, PP, C2; pleien, S, PP; pleiden, pt. pl. refl., S2.—AS. plegian, to play on an instrument (OET), to play, ‘ludere,’ to move briskly (Grein), plegan (Sievers, 391): OS. plegan, to wager, to answer for; cp. OHG. plegan (Otfrid).

Pleyn, adj. even, level, plain, clear, Prompt., C, C3; playn, B; adv. plainly, clearly, C3; playn, C3.—AF. plain; Lat. planum.

Pleyn, v. to complain, S3; see Playne.

Pleyn, adj. full, C, C3, PP.—OF. plein; Lat. plenum.

Pleynly, adv. fully, C.

Pliht, sb. danger, S2; pliȝt, WA.—AS. pliht (OET.).

Plihten, v. to pledge, plight, PP, S2; plyghte, PP, Prompt.; pliȝte, S; plyghte, pt. s., PP; plyȝhten, pl., PP; pliht, pp., PP, S2; plyht, S2; pliȝt, PP; plyȝt, S3; plight, PP; plyght, C3; i-pluht, S; y-pliȝte, PP; i-pliȝt, S2.—AS. plihtan, to imperil, to venture (Schmid).

Plihtful, adj. dangerous, S2.

Plite, sb. state, condition, manner, SkD (p. 822), CM, WA; see Plyte.

Plouh, sb. plough, PP; plow, Prompt.; plewch, B; plouȝ, PP; ploh, S2; plewys, pl., S3. Comb.: plouh-fot, plough-foot, PP; plow-lond, a measure of land, carrucata, S2; plowelond, Voc.; plowlond, Prompt.; ploghe of lande, Cath.; plowes of lond, G; plow-man, ploughman, C2, PP; plouȝman, PP; pluch-ox, plough-ox, S3; plowstert, plough-tail or handle, Prompt.—Icel. plógr, plough; cp. AS. ploh, ploughland (SkD), OHG. pluag, plough (Otfrid).

Plukken, v. to pluck, PP, Prompt.; plokken, PP; plyghte, pt. s., CM, C2, PP; plyght, pp., C2 (p. 290).—AS. pluccian.

Plume, sb. feather; plumes, pl., PP; plomys, S3.—OF. plume; Lat. pluma.

Plye, v. to bend, C2.—AF. plier; Lat. plicare, to fold.

Plyght, pp. plighted, pledged, C3; see Plihten.

Plyghte, pt. s. plucked, pulled, C2; see Plukken.

Plyte, sb. state, condition, Prompt., C3, WA; plite, CM, WA; plit, S2.—OF. plite, SkD (p. 822), pliste; Late Lat. *plicita, from Lat. plicare, to fold. Cf. Playte, Plye.

Poer, sb. power, S2; poeir, S2; power, Prompt.; powere, army, WA; pouwer, PP.—OF. poër, poeir; Late Lat. potēre, to be able.

Poised, pt. s. weighed, PP; see Peisen.

Poke, sb. a bag, Cath., PP, S; pooke, Prompt.; poc, S2; powke, PP; pouhȝ, PP.—Cp. ODu. poke.

Poket, sb. pocket, Prompt.; pokets, pl., C3.

Pokke, sb. pustule, Prompt.; poke, Voc.; pokkes, pl., C3, Voc., PP.

Pokok, sb. a peacock, PP; see Pecok.

Polcat, sb. polecat, C3; pulkat, Prompt., Voc.; pulcatte, SkD; powlkat, SkD.—ME. pol-; OF. pole, polle; Lat. pulla. Cf. Pulte.

Poletes, sb. pl. pullets, S2; see Pulte.

Polische, v. to polish, PP; pulische, Cath.; puliche, Cath.; polsche, PP; pulsche, PP; pulched, pp., S3.—From OF. poliss-, stem of polissant, pr. p. of polir; Lat. polire.

Poll, sb. poll, head, WW; head, person, WA; pol, PP; polles, pl., PP. Comb.: poll-ax, pole-axe, C; polax, CM.

Poll, v. to cut off the hair, WW, Manip.; powled, pt. pl., WW; pollid, pp., W, W2; powled, WW. Comb.: polled hen, C (p. 125); pulled hen, bald, moulting hen, C.

Polle, v. to get money unfairly, by extortion, Palsg.; poll, spoliare, Manip., S3, ND, Sh.—The same word as above.

Poller, sb. an extortioner, ND.

Polling, sb. unfair exaction, S3.

Polyue, sb. pulley, C2, CM; polyff, ONE (1. 108).

Pomade, sb. cider, PP.

Pomage, sb. cider, HD.

Pome, sb. pomade, S3. Comb.: pome-water, a kind of apple, HD; pom-water, the apple of the eye, HD.—OF. pome, apple; Lat. pomum.

Pomel, sb. a knob, a boss, C, W2; pomels, pl., S3; pomelles, HD.

Pomely, adj. spotted like an apple, C, C3; pomelee, HD. Comb.: pomely gris (= gris pommelé), dapple grey, Cotg.—OF. pommelé.

Ponne, sb. pan, PP; see Panne.

Pons, sb. pl. pence, S2; see Peny.

Pope, sb. the pope, PP; pape, S. Der.: popetrie, popery, S3.—AS. pápa; Church Lat. papa.

Popet, sb. puppet, C2, SkD, CM.—OF. poupette.

Popyngay, sb. parrot, popinjay, S3; see Papejay.

Poraille, sb. poor people, C; see Poueraill.

Porchas, sb. gain, winnings, S2; see Purchas.

Pore, adj. poor, S2; see Pouer.

Poret, sb. a kind of leek, PP, Prompt.; porettes, pl., S2, P.—OF. porrette (Cotg.).

Pors, sb. purse, S2; see Purse.

Portatyf, adj. portable, light, P.—OF. portatif, lively of body (Cotg.).

Porte, sb. gate, WW; port, Sh.; portis, pl., S3.—AF. porte; Lat. porta.

Portrey, v. to pourtray, FP; purtreye, PP; purtraye, PP; purtreied, pp., S3; portred, S3; porturat, S3.—OF. portray-, stem of portrayant, pr. p. of portraire; Late Lat. protrahere.

Porueid, pp. provided, S2; see Purueyen.

Pose, sb. cold in the head, S2, Prompt., Cath., Palsg., Voc., C3.—Wel. pas, a cough; for cognates see SkD (s.v. wheeze), and Brugmann, § 441.

Possen, v. to push, S, PP, CM, Prompt.; posshen, PP.—OF. pousser, poulser; Lat. pulsare, frequent. of pellere.

Pot, sb. a vessel for cooking or drinking from, SkD. Comb.: pot-parlament, a talk over one’s cups, S3; pot-sherd, pot-sherd, S3; pot-styk, pot-stick, motarium, Voc.; pot-stykke, motorium, Voc.; pot-stick, S3.

Potte, pt. s. put, S2; see Putten.

Pouderen, v. to powder, SkD; poulderen, S3; pulderit, pp., S3.—OF. poudrer, poldrer; Lat. puluerare.

Poudre, sb. powder, C3, W; pouder, PP; poudir, W; poulder, HD; pulder, S3. Comb.: poudre marchaunt, flavouring powder, C.—AF. poudre, puldre, OF. *pulre; Lat. puluerem, dust.

Povn, sb. peacock, S3.—OF. poun, paon; Lat. pauonem; see BH (Introd., 27). Cf. Pe-cok.

Pound, sb. pound, PP; punde, dat., S; pownd, pl., S2. Comb.: pound-mele, by pounds at a time, PP, S2; pound-mel, P.—AS. pund; Lat. pondus, a weight.

Pound, sb. an enclosure, pound, pond, S2; pond, SkD; ponde, Prompt.; poonde, Cath. Comb.: pondfolde, a pound, pin-fold, PP; poundfalde, PP; ponfolde, PP.—AS. pund, an enclosure (Schmid).

Pouren, v. to pore, gaze steadily, C3; pore, CM; powre, C; pure, S; pirith, pr. s., PP.

Pous, sb. pulse, PP, CM; pouce, S2; powce, Prompt.—OF. pouls, polz; Lat. pulsum (acc.).

Poustè, sb. power, P, B, HD, H (77. 65); poste, HD; potestat, W; poustees, pl., violent attacks, PP; potestatis, powers, W.—AF. pouste, poëste, OF. podeste; Lat. potestatem.

Pout, v. to poke, to stir with a long instrument, JD. Comb.: pout-staff, a net fastened to two poles, used for poking the banks of rivers, JD, S3.

Poueraill (Poveraill), sb. the poor people, B; purraile, PP; poraille, PP, C; porails, pl., W2.—AF. poverail.

Pouertè (Povertè), sb. poverty, meanness, shabbiness, PP, C2, WA; powerte, B; pouert, WA, PP, S2, S3, C3, W, W2.—OF. povertè; Late Lat. paupertam; see Constans (Supplément, p. 32).

Poure (Povre), adj. poor, S, PP, S2, C2; pouere, PP, S2; pouer, S2; pore, S, S2; pure, S2, S3; pouerore, comp., S2; pourest, superl., C2; poure, adv., C2.—OF. povre; Lat. pauperem.

Poureliche (Povreliche), adv. poorly, C2; pourely, C.

Poynt, sb. point, a small portion, a bit, S2; poynte, Prompt. Phr.: at the poynt, conveniently placed, S2; in point, at the point, about to, S2.—OF. point; Lat. punctum. Comb.: point-deuys, at point-deuys, with the greatest exactness, in detail, minutely, CM, C2; point-device, HD.—OF. point; Lat. punctum.

Poyntil, sb. a style to write with, W, W2, poyntyle, Voc.—OF. pointille.

Poys, sb. weight, S3; see Peis.

Prane, sb. prawn, Prompt., Manip., Palsg., ND; praune, SkD; pranys, pl., S3.—OF. *parne, *perne; Lat. perna, a ham; cp. It. perna, a nakre fish (Florio). For the changes in meaning, cp. It. gambarelli, prawns (Florio), from gamba, a leg.

Pranglen, v. to press; prangled, S.—Cp. Du. prangen; Goth. praggan, to press.

Prank, adj. full of sensational tricks; pranker, comp., ND.

Pranken, v. to arrange the folds of a dress, SkD, Prompt., Palsg., HD; prancke, ND; pranke, to frisk about, Manip.

Pranker, sb. one who dresses gaily, ND.

Prankie, adj. fine, gorgeous, S3.

Praty, adj. pretty, elegantulus, Prompt.; prestans, Cath.; pretie, scitus, facetus, Manip.; prately, adv., CM.—Cp. Late Lat. practicus, ‘peritus’ (Ducange).

Prayabill, adj. to be entreated, H.

Prayen, v. to pray, PP; see Preyen.

Prechen, v. to preach, C2.—OF. precher (prescher); Lat. praedicare.

Prechour, sb. preachers, PP; prechoures, pl., PP, S3.—OF. precheör; Lat. praedicatorem.

Predicament, sb. in logic, one of the most general classes into which things can be distributed; predicamentes, pl., S3.—Schol. Lat. praedicamentum.

Prees, sb.; see Presse.

Preie, sb. prey, S; pray, Prompt., PP; prayes, pl., spoils, S2.—OF. preie (mod. proie); Late Lat. prēda; Lat. praeda); cp. AF. praie.

Prente, sb. print, impression, SkD; prent, S3; preynt, Prompt.; prynte, PP, W.—OF. preint, pp. of preindre; Lat. premere, to press.

Prenten, v. to print, impress, CM; preentyn, Prompt.

Prentis, sb. apprentice, S2, P; prentyce, Prompt.; prentys, PP; pl., PP; prentises, PP. See Aprentis.

Prentishode, sb. apprenticeship, PP.

Presse, sb. a press, throng, SkD, PP; pres, CM, C2; prees, CM, S2, C2, C3; prease, Cotg., S3; preace, S3.—AF. presse, a throng.

Pressour, sb. press for cloth, S2, PP; winepress, W; pressoure, pressorium, Cath.; presour, W; pressours, pl., W2.—OF. pressoir; Lat. pressorium.

Prest, adj. ready, quick, G, S2, S3; adv., PP, S3; presteste, superl., S2; prestest, P; prestliche, adv., readily, PP; prestly, PP; prestely, S2.—AF. prest; Late Lat. praestum (Ducange).

Prest, sb. priest, S, PP, S2, C2; preest, PP; preeste, Prompt.; preostes, pl., S2; prestes, S2; prustes, S2.—AS. préost; Church Lat. presbyter (Vulg.); Gr. πρεσβύτερος, elder (LXX).

Preste, adj. superl. (for pret-ste), proudest, highest, S2; see Proud.

Presthod, sb. presthood, PP; preesthood, Prompt.

Preuen, v. to prove, try, test, abide a test, C2, C3; see Prouen.

Prevy, adj. privy, secret, S3; see Pryue.

Preyen, v. to pray, C2, PP, Prompt.; preien, PP, S, S2; preith, pr. s., S2; preiȝede, pt. s., PP; preide, S, PP; preyd, S2; y-prayed, pp., S2, C2.—AF. preier (praier); Late Lat. precare. (Lat. precari).

Preyere, sb. prayer, Prompt., S2, C2; preiere, PP.—AF. preiere: It. pregaria; Church Lat. precaria.

Pricasour, sb. a hard rider, C, CM.

Price, sb. high esteem, S2; see Prys.

Pricket, sb. a buck; see Pryket.

Primate, sb. the first place, H.—Lat. primatus (Vulg.).

Primordyall, sb. origin, S3.—OF. primordial; Church Lat. primordialem (Ducange).

Prim-seȝnen, v. to give the prima signatio, to sign with the cross, an act preliminary to christening; primm-seȝȝnesst, 2 pr. s., S; y-primisined, pp., S2.—OF. primseigner (Ducange); cp. Icel. primsigna.

Principatus, sb. pl. powers, dominions, rulers, W.—Lat. principatus (Vulg.).

Prisun, sb. prison, S.—AF. prisun; Lat. prensionem, prehensionem, a taking, a capture. Cf. Pryson.

Prisun, sb. a prisoner; prisunes, pl., S; prysouns, PP; prysuns, H; prisons, S2; prisounes, P; presons, WA.—AF. prisoun, OF. prison; see Constans.

Prisuner, sb. gaoler, keeper of a prison, S.

Proces, sb. narrative, history, C2, HD, WA.—OF. procès; Lat. processum.

Proche, v. to approach; prochinge, pr. p., S3.—OF. procher (in approcher); Late Lat. propiare.

Procuratour, sb. proctor, agent, PP; procuratoure, steward, W; proketowre, Prompt.—AF. procuratour; Lat. procuratorem (Vulg.).

Profyte, sb. profit, Prompt.; prophete, PP.—AF. profit; Lat. profectum.

Profyten, v. to profit, Prompt.; profitide, pt. s., grew, W; prophitide, pl., S2.

Proheme, sb. a proem, prologue, C2.—OF. proëme; Lat. proemium; Gr. προοίμιον.

Proinen, v. to prune, preen, trim, adorn, SkD, HD, ND; proigne, HD; prune, CM, SkD; proynd, pp., S3.—OF. progner, also provigner, to propagate by taking cuttings (Cotg.); from OF. provin, a sucker (Cotg.), also provain; Lat. propaginem.

Proiner, sb. pruner, ND.

Prollen, v. to search about, prowl, C3, Prompt., Palsg.; proule, Manip.

Promissioun, sb. promise. Phr.: the lond of promyssioim (or of beheste), the Holy Land, S2.—Lat. promissionem; cp. terra repromissionis (Heb. II.9, Vulg.).

Promyt, v. to promise, S3, JD.—Lat. promittere; cp. OF. prometre.

Propre, adj. separate, distinct, PP, C2; fine, goodly, PP, C3; proper, S2.—AF. propre, fit; Lat. proprium.

Propreliche, adv. properly, suitably, PP.

Proprete, sb. property, peculiarity, SkD; propirte, PP; propertes, pl., S2, WA; propurtes, PP.—OF. proprieté, a property (Cotg.); Lat. proprietatem.

Prospectyues, sb. pl. perspective glasses, C2. Comb.: prospective glass, telescope, C2 (n).—OF. prospective, ‘the prospective, perspective or Optick art’ (Cotg.).

Proud, adj. proud, PP, WA; prowd, PP; prout, PP, S2; prud, S; prut, S; prute, pl., S; prude, S; preste (pretste), superl., S2.—AS. prút; cp. Icel. prúðr.

Proue, sb. proof, S3; preue, CM, C2; preef, C3; prief, S3.—OF. preuve; Late Lat. proba; from Lat. probare.

Prouen, v. to prove, try, test, PP, S; preouen, S2, PP; preuen, PP, C2, C3; pruf, imp. pl., 1, S2; preuede, pt. s., S2; proued, pl., S2; preued, pp., S3.—OF. prover (prouver); Lat. probare.

Prouende, sb. food, Manip.; prouendre, food, PP; a prebend, ecclesiastical benefice, PP, CM.—OF. provende (provendre); Church Lat. praebenda, a ration, allowance, see BH (Introd. § 40).

Prouendre, sb. a prebendary, SkD.—OF. provendier.

Prouendren, v. to provide with prebends, P.

Prouendreres, sb. pl. men who hold prebends, S2, PP.

Prouisours, sb. pl. men named by the pope to a living not vacant, S2, PP.—Church Lat. provisores (Ducange).

Prow, sb. profit, advantage, C, C3, G, H, PP, HD; prou, H.—OF. prou, pru, advantage (Bartsch).

Prowesse, sb. prowess, S2; pruesse, S.—AF. pruesse, OF. proece.

Prustes, sb. pl. priests, S2; see Prest.

Prut, adj. proud, S; see Proud.

Pryde, sb. pride, PP; prute, S2; prude, PP, S, S2; pruyde, P; pruide, PP, S2; pride, S2 (p. 74).—AS. prýte. See Proud.

Prydeles, adj. void of pride, C2.

Pryen, v. to pry, PP, C3; prien, PP; pry, Cath.; prie, 1 pr. s., Palsg.

Pryk, sb. a sting, Prompt.; prik, point, WA.

Pryket, sb. a young buck, capriolus, Prompt.; pricket, a buck in his second year (named from his pricking horns), S3, HD, Cotg. (s.v. dagard).

Prykie, v. to prick, goad, spur, ride fast, PP; prikken, C2, Prompt.; pryghte, pt. s., C2.

Prykiere, sb. rider, horseman, PP.

Prykke, sb. a broach, Prompt.; prikke, puncture, sting, C, C2.

Pryklyng, pr. p. urging, S3.

Pryme, sb. the period from six o’clock to 9 a.m., also 9 a.m., Prompt., S, PP, C2, C3; prime, S, S3, WA. Phr.: heiȝ prime, high prime, 9 a.m., PP. Comb.: prime-tide, prime, S.—Church Lat. prima.

Prymer, sb. primer, C2.

Pryns, sb. prince, PP; prynce, Prompt.—AF. prince; Lat. principem.

Prynshode, sb. princely dignity, W; prinshod, W.

Prynte, sb. print, W; see Prente.

Prys, sb. price, prize, value, excellence, high esteem, C, C2, PP; pris, S, S2, PP; price, WA, S2; pryce, Prompt.—AF. pris; Lat. prĕtium, see BH, § 32.

Prys, adj. prize, chief, PP; pris, S2; prijs, S3.

Prysen, v. to set a price, Prompt.; priss, to prize, S2.

Pryson, v. to put in prison, Prompt.; y-prisoned, pp., G. See Prisun.

Prysonere, sb. prisoner, captive, Prompt.; prisonere, PP.—OF. prisonier, AF. prisuner.

Pryue, adj. secret, intimate, PP, S2; priuee, C2, C3; priuei, S2; prevy, S3; priuee, adv., C2; priues, sb. pl., secret friends, P; priueliche, adv., secretly, S2, PP; priuely, C2; pryuely, C2.—AF. prive; Lat. priuatum.

Pryuen, v. to deprive, Prompt.; prife, H; pryuyd, pt. s., H.—OF. priver; Lat. priuare.

Pryuete, sb. privity, secret counsel, PP; priuitee, S2, C2, C; pryuyte, S2.—AF. privete.

Psalme, sb. psalm, H, PP; see Salm.

Psautere, sb. psalter, H (p. 3); see Sauter.

Publisshen, v. to make public, PP, C2; puplische, W (Mt. 1. 19); pupplische, S2; publice, imp. s., PP.—A form due to analogy from OF. publier; Lat. publicare.

Pucelle, sb. a girl, maiden; pucell, S3.—OF. pucelle, pulcelle; dimin. from Lat. pullus, the young of any animal; cp. OF. polle, maiden (Bartsch). Cp. Pulte, Polcat.

Pukken, v. to poke, push, incite, P; pukked, pt. s., P.

Pulched, pp. polished, S3; see Polische.

Pulte, sb. pullet, Prompt.; poletes, pl., S2, PP.—OF. polete; dim. of pole, polle; Lat. pulla. Cf. Pucelle, Polcat.

Pulten, v. to push, beat, strike, put, PP, S2; pelte, PP; pilte, PP, SkD (s.v. pelt); pulte, pt. s., PP; pult, PP, S2; pelte, S; pelt, PP; i-pilt, pp., G; pilt, S, SkD.

Pulter, sb. poulterer, Cath.—AF. poleter, pulleter.

Pultrie, sb. poultry, S3, C, Prompt.; pultery, name of a London street, the Poultry, S3.—AF. pultrie, poletrie.

Punde, sb. dat. pound; see Pound (1).

Puple, sb. people, PP, Prompt., W2; pupel, S2; poeple, PP; puplis, pl., W2.—OF. peuple, poeple (AF. people); Lat. populum.

Pur, adj. pure, thorough, complete, S2, PP; pure, PP, S3, C; puir, PP; puire, PP; pur, adv., completely, S2; pure, merely, very, S3; purlyche, adv., purely, completely, S3.—OF. pur; Lat. purum.

Purchacen, v. to acquire, purchase, PP; purchasen, C3.—AF. purchacer, to pursue, to acquire; OF. porchacier.

Purchas, sb. gain, winnings, C, G; porchas, S2.—AF. purchas.

Purchasour, sb. prosecutor, C.—AF. purechasour.

Purchasyng, sb. prosecution, C.

Purfil, sb. the furred trimming of a dress, P; purfyle, P; purfle, a hem, Manip.

Purfilen, v. to embroider on an edge, to purl, C, P; purfle, Cotg.—OF. pourfiler, from filer, to twist threads, from fil, thread; Lat. filum.

Purpre, sb. purple garments, S, PP; purpire, H (44. 11); purpour, adj., S3; purpur, W; purpres, pl., purple coverings, S.—AF. purpre; Lat. purpura.

Purpurat, adj. of a purple colour, S3.—Lat. purpuratus, clad in purple.

Purpuresse, sb. a seller of purple (= purpuraria), W.

Purse, sb. purse, bag, PP, S, C3; purs, PP, C2, C; porse, PP; pors, S2.—AS. purs (Engl. Studien, xi. 65, 1.36); Late Lat. bursa; Gr. βύρση, a skin.

Purtenaunce, sb. appurtenance, belongings, PP; purtenance, the intestines of an animal, WW; portenaunce, Palsg.; purtenancis, pl., S3.—OF. appartenance (Cotg.).

Purtreied, pp. pourtrayed, S3; see Portrey.

Purveour, sb. purveyor, PP, SkD.—AF. purveour.

Purveyaunce, sb. providence, provision, plan, means of getting, equipment, W; purveiance, S2, C3; purueance, S2.—AF. purveaunce, OF. pörveänce; Lat. providentia.

Purueyen, v. to provide, W2, C2, PP; puruay, S2, H; poruayen, H; porueynde, pr. p., S2; purueid, pp., S3; pourveid, S2; porueid, S2.—AF. purveier, purvëer, for OF. porvëoir; Lat. prouidēre.

Puðeren, v. to poke about, S (9. 96).

Putten, v. to put, push, PP, W; puten, S; puiten, PP; puttide, pt. s., S2; potte, S2; pot, pl., S2; putten to, added, assented, W; put, pp., H; y-put, C3; i-put, G.

Puttynge, sb. pushing, instigation, H.

Puyssant, adj. powerful, SkD; puissant, S3.—OF. puissant, poissant; Late Lat. *pocsentem, *possentem (cp. It. possente), from Lat. posse, to be able; see Constans (Notes, p. 23).

Puyssaunce, sb. might, power, HD; puysaunce, S3; piscence, S3.—OF. puissance, poissance.

Pykare, sb. a little thief, Prompt.; pykers, pl., PP.

Pyke, sb. a pike, pointed pole, staff furnished with a spike, Prompt.; pyk, S2; pykis, pl., thorns, prickles, S3. Comb.: pyk-staf, pike-staff, PP.

Pyken, v. to pick, to steal, PP, Prompt.; picke, WW; pykkand, pr. p., S3; pikid, pt. s., PP. Comb.: pyke-herneis, plunderers of armour, PP; pyke-hernois, PP; pyke-porse, one who steals a purse, PP; picke-purse, S3; pick-purse, a name for Paris, S3 (p. 374); pike-purs, C. Cf. Picchen.

Pykeys, sb. a mattock, tool for digging, Prompt.; pykoys, P; pycows, Voc.—OF. picois (Ducange).

Pylche, sb. a furred garment, Voc., HD, Prompt.; pilche, S3, HD, ND. Comb.: pilche-clut, a pilch-clout, rag of a pilch, S.—AS. pylce; Lat. pellicia, made of fur (Voc.).

Pylgrim, sb. pilgrim, PP; pilegrym, S; pelegrim, SkD; pylgrymes, pl., PP.—Prov. pellegrins; Lat. peregrinus; cp. OF. pelerin. See Peregrin.

Pylgrimage, sb. pilgrimage, PP; pelrimage, S.—AF. pilrymage; OF. pelerinage.

Pyment, sb. spiced wine and honey, CM, Voc.; pirment, nectar, Voc., HD; pymente, Prompt.—OF. piment, pigment (Bartsch); Late Lat. pigmentum (Ducange).

Pynden, v. to shut in the pound, Cath.; punt, pr. s., S.—AS. pyndan (in for-pyndan); cp. Icel. pynda. See Pound.

Pynder, sb. a pindar, pinner, one who impounds stray cattle, Cath., Bardsley; pyndare, Prompt.; pinder, ND; pynner, Manip., Bardsley; pinner, Bardsley.

Pyne, sb. anguish, torment, S, S3, C2, C3; pyn, S2; pines, pl., S, S2; pynes, S2; pine, S; pinen, S; pynen, S2.—AS. pín; Late Lat. pēna, see Sievers, 69. Cf. Peyne.

Pynen, v. to torment, S2; pinen, S; pyns, pr. s., S2; pinede, pt. s., suffered, PP; pynede, S2; pined, pp., S; tormented, S2; y-pyned, S2; i-pined, S.—AS. pínian (BT).

Pyning, sb. torture; pining, S. Comb.: pynyng-stoles, stools of punishment, cucking-stools, PP, S2.—AS. pínung.

Pynne, sb. pin, peg, bolt, bar, PP; pyn, G.—AS. pinn, pin, peg (BT).

Pynnen, v. to shut up, enclose, pen, PP; pinnen, PP, S2; pennen, SkD.—AS. pennan (in on-pennan).

Pynoun, sb. a pennon, C; see Penoun.

Pyony, sb. peony, Prompt.; pyon, Cath.; pyany, Prompt.; piones, pl., seeds of the peony, P; pyonies, PP.—OF. pione, pion (Cotg.); Lat. p(a)eonia; Gr. παιωνία, the peony.

Pyry, sb. storm of wind, gust, Prompt.; pyrie, S3 (p. 437); pirie, HD, Prompt. (n); pyrry, Palsg., ND: pirrie, S3, ND; perrie, Prompt. (n), ND; berrie, Cotg. (s.v. tourbillor); berry, Florio (s.v. cróscia d’ácque), HD.

Pyt, sb. pit, pool, Prompt.; put, S. PP; pit, S; pytte, Prompt.; putte, S, PP, S2; pette, S2.—AS. pytt; Late Lat. *putius; Lat. puteus.

Q.

Quad, adj. and sb. evil, bad, the Evil One, MD, C2; qued, MD, PP; cwed, MD; quet, MD; kueade, dat., S2; queade, S2; quede, S2.—AS. cwead; cf. Du. kwaad.

Quad, pt. s. quoth, S; see Queðen.

Quaile, v. to wither, to die, S3 (28a. 91), SkD, ND. Sh.; to overpower, intimidate, ND, SkD, Sh.

Quain, sb. trouble, mourning, S2.—AS. *hwán (see below).

Quainen, v. to lament, MD (s.v. hwenen); whene, MD.—AS. hwánan (in á-hwǽnan, BT).

Quair, sb. quire, book, S3; quayre, Manip., CM; quayer, Voc.—OF. quayer (F. cahier), Prov. cazern for cadern; It. quaderno; Lat. quaternum; cp. Late Lat. quaternio a sheet folded in four (Voc.). See Quartern.

Quaken, v. to quake, tremble, S2; cwakien, S; quakede, pt. s., PP, MD; quok (strong form), PP; quook, C2, SkD; quoke, S2, H.—AS. cwacian.

Quakynge, sb. trembling, Prompt., MD; quakyng, W.—AS. cwacung.

Qual, sb. whale, MD, Cath. (n); qwal, Prompt.; qwaylle, Cath.; quale, S2; whal, W2; hwel, MD; qualle, pl., S2, Cath. (n); quhalis, S3, Cath. (n).—AS. hwæl.

Qualm, sb. death, pestilence, S2, H; cwalm, MD; qualme, dat., C.—AS. cwealm. See Quelen.

Quarel, sb. a square-headed cross-bow bolt, quarrel, WA, SkD; quarelle, S2; quarrel, WA, ND.—AF. quarel, cross-bow bolt; Late Lat. quadrellum (ace.), a quarrel, a square tile, dimin. of Lat. quadrus, square.

Quarere, sb. quarry, Prompt.; quareres, pl., S2.—OF. quarriere (Cotg.); Late Lat. quadraria, quarry, deriv. from quadrus. See above.

Quartern, sb. prison; cwarterne, dat., MD; quarterne, S, MD.—AS. cweartern, prison, perhaps for AS. quatern, ‘quaternio’ (OET). Cp. Fr. caserne (Sp. caserna), barracks; Lat. quaterna (see Brachet); an etym. illustrated by the Fr. sea-term casernet, log-book, a deriv. of Lat. quaternum, see Diez, p. 755 (s.v. cahier).—See Quair.

Quarteroun, sb. a quarter, P, HD; quartrun, PP.

Quat, Quað, pt. s. quoth, S; see Queðen.

Quatriuials, sb. pl. the quadrivials, the quadrivium, the four higher sciences: astrology, geometry, arithmetic, music, S3 (14. 511).—From Late Lat. quadrivium, the four mathematical sciences; in Lat. a place where four ways meet.

Quave-mire, sb. quagmire, HD; quamier, DG.

Quauen, v. to shake, S2, PP, Prompt.; quave, HD, JD, DG.

Quauynge, sb. shaking, MD.

Quayle, v. to curdle, to coagulate, Palsg., Prompt., Manip.—OF. coailler Lat. coagulare.

Quaynt, adj. prudent, wise, H; quaynte, quaint, curious, WA; see Coint.

Quayntis, sb. wisdom, prudence, H; see Cointise.

Quayre, sb. quire, book, CM see Quair.

Queade, sb. evil, iniquity, S2; see Quad.

Queale, sb. a blister, pimple, pupula, Manip.; see Whele.

Quecchen, v. to shake, MD; qvycchyn, Prompt.; quytche, Palsg.; quitch, Cotg. (s.v. oeil); cwehte, pt. s., MD; quehte, MD.—AS. cweccan.

Qued, adj. bad, S2, PP; see Quad.

Quedschipe, sb. wickedness, MD; queadschipe, S; cweadschipe, S.

Queere, sb. quire, choir, Prompt.; queer, W2; quere, W2; queir, S3.—OF. choeur (Cotg.); Lat. chorum (acc.); Gr. χορός.

Quek, adj. living, S2; see Quik.

Quelen, v. to die, MD; cwelen, MD.—AS. cwelan, pt. cwæl (pl. cwǽlon), pp. cwolen. Cp. OHG. quelan, ‘cruciari’ (Tatian).

Quellen, v. to kill, S, S2, C3, C; quelde, pt. s., S; cwelled, pp., S.—AS. cwellan; cp. OHG. quelen ‘cruciare’ (Tatian), quellen (Otfrid).

Quellere, sb. executioner, MD.—AS. cwellere.

Queme, adj. pleasing, S, MD; qweme, convenient, WA; cweme, S; wheme, MD.—AS. (ge)cwéme, from c(w)óm, pt. of cuman; cp. OHG. (bi)queman, to come to, to suit, fit (Otfrid); see Kluge (s.v. bequem). See Comen.

Quemeful, adj. placable, W2.

Quemen, v. to please, S, H, PP; cwernen, S; cwemde, pt. s., S; i-quemd, pp., S; i-cwemet, S.—AS. cwéman.

Quenchen, v. to quench, S, Prompt., S3, SkD; cwennkenn, S; queynte, pt. s., MD, S2; queynt, pp., MD, C; y-kuenct, S2; quenchid, W2.—AS. cwencan.

Quene, sb. queen, wife, woman, quean, S, C2, C3, WA; quen, S, C; cuen, S; kuen, MD; kwene, S; cwene, MD.—AS. cwén; cp. OHG. quena, wife (Otfrid); for root see Brugmann, § 467, 3.

It should be noted that E. queen is not precisely the same word as E. quean. For queen is the phonetic equivalent of AS. cwén, Goth. kwēns, whereas quean represents AS. cwĕne, Goth. kwĭno.

Querel, sb. a complaint, dispute, quarrel, S2, W2; querele, SkD.—AF. querele; Late Lat. *querella, for Lat. querēla.

Querne, sb. hand-mill, C2, Prompt., Palsg., MD; queerne, W.—AS. cweorn; cp. Goth. kwairnus; see Brugmann, § 442.

Querrour, sb. quarry-man, CM. See Quarere.

Quest, sb. an inquiry, jury, verdict, G.—OF. queste, a quest (Cotg.). Quest is used for the proper legal term enquest; OF. enqueste.

Queste, sb. will, bequest, G; quiste, S. A corrupt form of Quide (q.v.), influenced by the above word.

Queðen, v. to speak, MD; cweðen, S, MD; cwað, pt. s., S; cweð, S; queð, S; quað, S, S2; quoð, S; quat, S; quad, S; quod, S, S2, C2; koth, S3; couth, MD; cothe, MD; hwat, MD; wat, S; ko, S3; i-cwede, pp., S.—AS. cweðan, pt. cwæð (pl. cwǽdon), pp. ge-cweden.

Queynt, adj. prudent, fine, quaint, MD; queynte, S3, C2, MD; see Coint.

Queynte, pt. s. was extinguished, S2; see Quenchen.

Queyntelich, adv. skilfully, neatly, MD; queynteli, S3; see Cointeliche.

Queyntise, sb. skill, S3; see Cointise.

Quide, sb. speech, bequest, MD; cwide, S, MD.—AS. cwide; cp. OHG. quiti, ‘testimonium’ (Tatian). See Queðen.

Quidities, sb. pl., S3.—From Late Lat. quiditas, a term of the Schoolmen; that which relates to the essence of a thing, having reference to the question quid est, what is it? Cp. OF. quidditatif, ‘quidditative, doubtful, full of quirks, contentions, wrangling’ (Cotg.).

Quik, adj. and adv. living, quick, flowing (of water), S, S2, W; quic, S, S2; quek, S2; quyk, S3, W, W2; cwic, S; cwike, S; cwuce, S; quicke, S; quike, pl., S, S2; quyke, S, C; quycke, S3.—AS. cwic (cuc); cp. OHG. quek (Otfrid).

Quikie, v. to cause to revive, also, to be kindled, PP; quike, C3; quyke, C; cwikien, MD.—AS. cwician.

Quikliche, adv. quickly, PP; quicliche, S2.

Quiknen, v. to give life, to receive life, SkD; quykene, W, W2.

Quiste, sb. will, bequest, S; see Queste.

Quiten, v. to repay, PP; see Quyten.

Quitter, sb. filth that runs from a wound, HD: quytur, rottenness, HD; quytere, W2; quitture, DG.

Quod, pt. s. quoth, S, S2, C2; see Queðen.

Quok, pt. s. quaked, C2; see Quaken.

Quoynte, adj. skilful, MD, HD; see Coint.

Quoynteliche, adv. skilfully, MD; see Cointeliche.

Quoyntyse, sb. quaintness of dress, PP; quointise, stratagem, S2; see Cointise.

Quyk, adj. living, moving, S3, W, W2; see Quik.

Quyk-myre, sb. quagmire, S3.

Quyknar, sb. giver of life, S3.

Quyr-boilly, sb. boiled leather, used for making defensive armour, C2.—OF. cuir bouilli (Cotg.).

Quyrry, sb. the quarry, the dog’s share in the slaughtered game, S3; quyrre, SkD (s.v. quarry, p. 824); guerre, SkD.—OF. cuiree; Late Lat. coriata, from Lat. corium, hide, skin (OF. cuir).

Quyten, v. to requite, repay, settle, satisfy, S2, C2, C3, PP, W, H; quiten, S2, PP; quitte, pt. s. G; qwit, H; quyt, pp., PP; y-quit, C2.—OF. quiter; Late Lat. quietare.

Quytly, adj. quite, H; whitely, H.

Quytter, v. to twitter, S3.

Quytur, sb. rottenness, HD (p. 660); see Quitter.

The subdivision of I is as in the original.

The subdivision of T, U/V, and W, and the format of their headers, is as in the original. Note that Th includes Þ.

R.

Ra, sb. roe, deer, CM; see Roo.

Rabete, sb. a war-horse; rabett, HD; rabyghte, HD; rabetis, pl., WA.—Icel. rábítr, an Arabian steed; cp. Icel. rábitar, Arabs, see CV; cp. OF. arrabi (BH).

Rac, sb. driven vapour, S2; see Wrak.

Rachenteges, pl. chains, S; see Raken-teie.

Racke, v. to stretch rent to its full value, S3. Cp. ODu. racken, to rack, recken, to stretch, reach out.

Rad, adj. afraid, S2, SD, H, JD, B; redd, WA; rade, S2, H; radde, S2.—Icel. hræddr.

Rad, pt. s. rode, S2; see Riden.

Rad, adj. quick, S; rade, ready, S; see Raðe.

Radde, pt. s. advised, S2; see Reden.

Raddour, sb. violence, WA; see Reddour.

Rade, sb. road, S2; see Rode.

Radnesse, sb. terror, SD; radnes, B.

Radyous, adj. radiant, shining, S3; radious, S3; radius, S3.—Lat. radiosus; cp. F. radieux. See Ray.

Ræd, sb. advice, counsel, S; see Rede.

Ræh, adj. fierce, cruel, SD, S; reh, SD.—AS. hréoh.

Ræueden, pt. pl. spoiled, S; see Reuen.

Ræueres, sb. pl. robbers, S; see Reuere.

Rafte, pt. s. reft, robbed, C2; see Reuen.

Rage, sb. madness, S2.—AF. rage; Lat. rabiem.

Rage, v. to toy wantonly, C; ragid, pp., been wanton, WA.

Ragerie, sb. wantonness, CM.

Raght, pp. reached, S2; see Rechen.

Ragman, sb. a craven, the devil; rageman, PP; raggeman, PP.—Icel. ragr (for argr), craven, cowardly.

Ragman-roll, sb. the craven’s roll, a term in Scottish history, JD, ND; a game, HD; ragman’s rewe, a long jest, DG; ragmanrew, series, Manip. Hence ragman, a deed sealed, a papal bull, PP; ragemon, S2; rageman, a list, S3; ragman, a tedious story, JD; ragment, JD.—Cp. E. rigmarole.

Rair, v. to roar, S3; see Roren.

Raiss, pt. s. rose, S2; see Rysen.

Rake, sb. only in compounds, as in erend-rake, messenger, SD.—AS. ǽrend-raca; cp. Icel. eyrend-reki, so land-reki, a king, see CV (s.v. reki). See Ærnd-race.

Rake, v. to run, wander, go, S, S3, HD, PP, JD, B; rayke, H, S2; raik, WA, JD; reyke, JD; reke, HD; raykande, pr. p., S2.—Icel. reika, to wander, cp. Swed. raka, to run hastily (Rietz).

Rake, sb. course, way, WA; rakke, WA.

Rakel, adj. hasty, rash, CM, SkD (s.v. rake); rakle, CM; racle, CM; rackel, JD; rakyl, Manip.; rakehell, a bad fellow, Manip., ND.—Icel. reikull, wandering, unsettled. See above.

Raken, v. to scrape, diminish, to rake, S, Prompt.; raked, pp., C2.—Icel. raka, to scrape, to rake away.

Raken-teie, sb. chain; raketeie, S; raketeye, S; rachenteges, pl., S; rakenteis, HD.—AS. racentéah (Voc.); racente, a chain + téah, a tye. With racente, cp. Icel. rekendr, OHG. rahhinza. See Rekenthis.

Ram, sb. a ram, Prompt.—AS. ram (Voc.).

Ramage, adj. wild, CM, HD.—OF. ramage, wild (of a hawk), living in the branches (Cotg.); Late Lat. *ramaticum, from ramus, a branch.

Rammish, adj. strong-scented, C3, CM.

Ramne, sb. bramble, W2; ramyn, H; rammyn, H.—Lat. rhamnus (Vulg.); Gr. ῥάμνος (LXX).

Rampe, sb. an ill-conditioned woman, C2 (n), HD.

Rampen, v. to ramp, to seize or scratch with the paws, to rage, C2; raumpe, S2; rawmpide, pt. s., HD.—AF. raumper, OF. ramper, to clamber.

Rande, sb. a strip or slice of meat, S3, HD; rand, Cotg. (s.v. giste), ND.—AS. rand, a rim, edge; cp. Swed. rand, a strip, stripe, Icel. rönd (pl. randir).

Randoun, sb. force, impetuosity, SkD. Phr.: in a randoun, in a furious course, B; at randon, left to one’s own force, SkD.—OF. randon, ‘the swiftness and force of a strong and violent stream’ (Cotg.); from OTeut. *randa, a rim; cp. AS. rand. See above.

Ranke, adj. strong, luxuriant, rebellious, WA, Prompt.; rank, S3; ronk, S2; rang, HD.—AS. ranc; cp. Icel. rakkr (for rankr), straight, upright, bold.

Ransaken, v. to search, S, PP, C, H.—Icel. rannsaka, to search a house; Icel. rann: Goth. razn; cp. AS. ræsn a plank, a beam, see Sievers, 179.

Rap, sb. rope, S; see Rope.

Rap, pt. s. reaped, W; see Repen.

Rape, sb. haste, S, PP, Prompt.; rap, S2.—Icel. hrap, a falling down.

Rape, adj. hasty, G; rapest, superl., PP.

Rapeliche, adv. hastily, PP; rapely, G; rapelike, S; rapli, S2, G; rapelier, comp., PP.

Rapen, v. to hasten, S, PP, Prompt.; rappe, PP; rappe adoune, to hurry along, PP. Phr.: rape and renne, to seize and plunder, C3; rapen and rinen, C3 (n); rap and rend, HD; rap or rende, Palsg.; rap and run, HD; rap and ran, C3 (n); rap and reeve, C3 (n); rap and ree, C3 (n).—Icel. hrapa, to fall, rush headlong, hurry.

Rascall, sb. scrapings, refuse; rascaile, PP; rascayle, an animal not a beast of the chase, a hart not six years old, Prompt. (n); the common people, Prompt.; raskaille, the common herd, SkD; rascall, refuse beast, Palsg., ND; rascalles, pl., common sort of men, low fellows, villains, S3.—AF. rascaille (raskaylle, raskayle), a rabble; cp. F. racaille; from OF. rasquer, to scrape (Ducange); cp. OIt. rascare (Florio).

Rascall, adj. common, low, HD; Comb.: rascall wine, tortivum vinum, Prompt. (n).

Rase, v. to run, to race, SD, S2; rese, S2; reysed, pp. ridden, C.—AS. rǽsan.

Rase, sb. a race, rush, SkD; ras, SkD, S2; rese, S2; res, SD, G (n); rees, attack, fit of passion, G.—AS. rǽs.

Rasen, v. to scrape, Prompt.—OF. raser; Late Lat. rasare, freq. of Lat. radere.

Rasour, sb. razor, C2, C, W2; rasure, H (Ps. 51. 2).—OF. rasoir; Late Lat. rasorium.

Raspen, v. to rasp, scrape, SkD; rospen, S.—OF. rasper; OHG. raspón, see Weigand.

Rasse, sb. a raised mound or eminence, a cairn of stones, S2; raise, HD. See Reysen.

Rat, pr. s. reads, PP; see Reden.

Raþ, sb. advice, S, SD.—Icel. ráð.

Rathe, v. to advise, HD. See above.

Raðe, adj. quick, swift, SD; rad, quick, S; rade, pl., S; raddere, comp. pl., S.—AS. hræð, hreð, also hræd, hred, quick, also rad. Cp. Chron. ann. 755 (Parker) with the Laud MS.

Rathe, adv. early, PP, S2, S3; quickly, S, S2; reaðe, S; rath, B; raðer, comp., sooner, rather, PP, S, S2, C2; redþer, S; raðest, superl., PP; raðeste, S.

Rathly, adv. quickly, S2; reaðliche, S; readliche, S; radeliche, HD; radely, S2; redliche, S.—AS. hræðlice.

Raton, sb. rat, PP, Cath.; ratoun, PP; ratones, pl., PP.

Ratoner, sb. rat-catcher, PP, Voc.; ratonere, PP.

Ratte, sb. rat, PP; rotte, Voc.; rattis, pl., PP.—AS. ræt (Voc.).

Ratten, v. to tear, SD.—Cp. MHG. ratzen, see Weigand (s.v. ratsche).

Rattes, sb. pl. rags, S; rats, pieces, shreds, HD.

Raughte, pt. s. reached, C2; see Rechen.

Raunson, v. to ransom, redeem, PP.

Raunsoun, sb. ransom, S2, C; raunson, S2; raunsun, S2; raunceoun, PP; ransoune, B.—AF. raunson, ranson, OF. raënson, reänçon; Lat. redemptionem.

Raueyn, sb. rapine, prey, W, PP; ravyne, S3; ravyn, Cath.; raueyns, pl., W2.—AF. ravine; Lat. rapina see BH, § 150.

Raueynour, sb. robber; raueinour, W; rauynour, W2.

Ravin, adj. ravenous, S3, Sh.

Ravin, v. to seize and devour greedily, Sh., WW.

Ravined, adj. ravenous, Sh.

Rauischen, v. to seize with violence, PP; ravish, WW; raueische, imp. pl., W2; rauyschiden, pt. pl., W2.—AF. ravir (pr. p. ravissant); Late Lat. *rapīre; Lat. rapere.

Rawe, sb. row, Cath.; raw, B, JD, SkD, S3, S2; rowe, SkD; rewe, C, G, W; rewis, pl., S3.—AS. ráwe, rǽwe.

Ray, sb. striped cloth, rella, pannus, Voc.; stragulum, Voc., Cath., HD; raye, S3; rayes, pl., S2, PP. Comb.: ray-cloth, striped cloth, W2, Prompt.—AF. drap de raye, cloth of ray, pl. reies, OF. rai, raid; Lat. radium (acc.).

Rayeres, sb. pl. sellers of ray, PP.

Rayid, adj. striped, Prompt.

Raykez, pr. s. roams, S2; raykande, pr. pt., advancing, S2. See Rake.

Rayl, sb. rail, Prompt.; raylle, Cath.—Cp. Low G. regel, G. riegel, a bolt; see Kluge.

Rayle, v. to rail, arrange in a row, S2; railed, pp., S2.

Rayle, sb. a kerchief, Palsg.; see Reȝel.

Raylle, v. to flow, S3; raile, ND; reilen, SD.

Raymen, v. to roam about, S2; see Romen.

Raynes, sb. fine linen of Rheims, WA.—So named from Rheims; see SkD (p. 815); cp. It. renso, fine flax (Diez, p. 393).

Read, sb. advice, S; see Rede.

Reade, adj. red, S; see Reed.

Readen, v. to advise, care for, S; see Reden.

Readi, adj. ready, S; see Redi.

Real, adj. real, a term in medieval philosophy; reall, S3.—OF. real; Schol. Lat. realem, from res.

Real, adj. royal, CM; riall, S3, PP, CM; ryall, S3, CM; ryell, S3; roial, CM; roialler, comp., S2, C3.—OF. real, AF. roial, reial; Lat. regalem.

Realte, sb. royalty, royal state, PP; reaulte, PP; reaute, PP; roialtee, C3.—AF. realte; Late Lat. regalitatem.

Realyche, adv. royally, S2; realy, S2; rially, CM.

Reame, sb. kingdom, S2; see Rewme.

Rearde, sb. voice, cry, S2; see Rerd.

Reaðe, adv. quickly, S; see Rathe.

Reaðliche, adv. quickly, S; see Rathly.

Reaume, sb. realm, kingdom, C2, S2; see Rewme.

Rebekke, sb. a kind of fiddle, SkD; see Rybybe.

Rebounden, v. to re-echo; rebownden, to sound again, reboare, Prompt.; rebounde, pt. s., S2.—AF. rebundir, to re-echo, cp. OF. bundir, to resound (Roland, 3119); inchoative verb, from Late Lat. bombitare.

Receyt, sb. receipt, recipe, retreat, Prompt., Manip.; receit, C3, WW, Manip., S3; receite, WW; reset, place of refuge, B.—AF. receite; Late Lat. recepta (Ducange).

Reche, sb. smoke, S3; see Reke.

Recheles, adj. careless, S, PP; reccheles, PP; retcheles, S3; rekkeles, S3; recchelees, S2, C2; rechlesse, S3.—AS. réceléas, also recceléas.

Rechelesnesse, sb. carelessness, PP; recchelesnes, PP.

Rechen, v. to care, reck, S, HD; reke, H; recche, S, HD, S2, C2; rekke, HD, C2; rekþ, pr. s., S; reches, S2; roȝte, pt. s., S; roughte, C2; roght, H; rohten, pl., S; roucht, pt. s., subj., S2.—AS. récan: OS. rókian; also, AS. *reccan.

Rechen, v. to explain, S; ræcchen, to relate, S; rechede, pt. s., S.—AS. reccan: OS. rekkian: OHG. rachjan, in Otfrid rachón.

Rechen, v. to reach, attain, SkD, PP; rauhte, pt. s., PP, S2; rauȝte, PP; raghte, PP; raughte, C2; raught, S3; raght, pp., S2.—AS. rǽcan (BT), also rǽcean, to get into one’s power, pt. s. rǽhte, see Sievers, 407.

Reclayme, v. to bring a hawk to the wrist by a call, C3; recleymyn, to make tame, Prompt.; recleymyd, pp. redomitus (used of hawks), Prompt.—OF. reclaimer, recleimer, reclamer; cp. AF. reclame, pp., reclaimed (as a falcon).

Recles, sb. incense, S; see Rekels.

Recluse, sb. a female anchorite, SkD; ‘ankyr, anachorita’ Prompt.—AF. reclus; recluse, a f. pp. from OF. reclure, to shut up; Late Lat. recludere.

Recluse, sb. convent, monastery, S3.—OF. recluse. 

Reclused, pp. shut up, withdrawn from the world, PP.

Recognisance, sb. an obligation binding one over to do some particular act, S3, SkD.—AF. reconisance, OF. recoignisance.

Recomand, v. to commend, S2, C3; recomaundiþ, PP.—OF. recommander, recumander.

Reconforte, v. to comfort, C; reconforted, pp., P.—OF. reconforter; cp. AF. recunforter.

Reconsyle, v. to recover, regain the possession of; reconsyled, pp., S2; recounselid, W.—AF. reconciler; Lat. reconciliare, to reconcile, re-establish, restore.

Record, sb. witness, S3, WW; recorde, PP.—AF. record, OF. recort, mention (Bartsch).

Recorde, v. to call to mind, C, PP; recorded, pt. pl. declared, PP.—OF. recorder; Late Lat. recordare; Lat. recordari.

Recoure, v. to recover, PP; recour, HD; recure, HD; recured, pp., S3.—AF. recoverer; OF. recourer, recouvrer; Lat. recuperare.

Recours, sb. recourse, C2.—AF. recours, soleill recours, sunset.

Recouerer, sb. restorer, saviour, S2.

Recrayed, pp. defeated, PP. See below.

Recreaunt, adj. recreant, defeated, CM, PP; recreant, PP.—AF. recreaunt, OF. recreänt, giving up the contest; Late Lat. recredentem.

Recueil, sb. a collection, compilation, DG; recuyell, S3; recule, HD.—OF. recueil (Cotg.).

Recule, v. to recoil, S3, Palsg., SkD, ND.—OF. reculer.

Reculyng, sb. recoiling, S3.

Recure, sb. recovery, S3.

Recure, v. to recover, HD; see Recoure.

Reddour, sb. violence, rigour, HD, Trevisa (3. 313); raddour, WA.—OF. rador, later roideur (Cotg.); from rade, roide; Lat. rigidum.

Rede, adj. red, C2; see Reed.

Rede, adj. ready, WA; redeliche, adv., PP; redeli, S2.—AS. (ge)rǽde: Goth. (ga)raids.

Rede, sb. advice, S, S2, S3, B; read, S; red, S, S2, B; reed, C2; reid, B; ræde, S; reade, S; rade, S; reades, pl. S.—AS. rǽd.

Redels, sb. riddle, SkD; redeles, PP; rydels, Cath.; rydel, Prompt.; riddle, Manip.

Reden, v. to give advice, to take counsel, S, S2, S3, C2, B; readen, S; raden, to succour, S; raddest, 2 pt. s., S; radde, pt. s., HD, S2, P; redden, pl., S; rad, pp., S2.—AS. (ge)rǽdan, pt. rǽdde, pp. gerǽd.

Reden, v. to read, S, C2, C3; raden, S; rat, pr. s., PP; reed, pt. s., PP; radden, pl., W; redden, W; radde, S2; rad, pp., S, S3, C3; red, S3, W. Der.: redunge, passage read, S.—AS. (ge)rǽdan.

-reden, suffix (used to form abstracts).—AS. -rǽden. See hat-reden, SkD; cun-reden, kindred, SkD; fer-reden, S; ȝe-fered, S; uelaȝ-rede, S2.

Redgownd, sb. a sickness of young children, scrophulus, Prompt.; reed gounde, Palsg.; radegoundes, pl., sores, PP.—ME. rede, red + gownde, a sore; AS. gund. Cp. E. red-gum.

Redi, adj. ready, S, W, PP; redy, C2; reddy, B; readi, S; rædiȝ, SD; rediliche, adv., PP, S2; redily, C3.

Redliche, adv. quickly, S; see Rathly.

Redoutable, adj. to be feared, redoubtable, SkD.

Redouten, v. to fear; redoubt, Cotg.—AF. reduter, OF. redouter; Lat. re + dubitare.

Redoutyng, sb. reverence, C.

Reduce, v. to bring back, S3, ND.—Lat. reducere.

Redymyte, pp. wreathed, crowned, S3.—Lat. redimitus, pp. of redimire.

Reed, sb. advice, C2; see Rede.

Reed, sb. reed, PP, Prompt.; reod, PP; rehed, W, W2; reheed, W2; reodes, pl., PP; redes, PP. Comb.: red-ȝerde, a reed-sceptre, S.—AS. hréod.

Reed, adj. red, C2, C3, S2, W2, PP; rede, C2, C3, S2, PP, B; reid, S3; reade, S.—AS. réad.

Reednesse, sb. redness, C3.

Rees, sb. fit of passion, G; see Rase.

Reest, adj. rancid (as flesh), Prompt.; reste, Cath.

Reestyn, v. to be rancid, Prompt.

Reeuell, sb. joy, revelry, PP; reuel, C, C2; rule, SPD; reueles, pl., revels, C2.—OF. revel, joy (Bartsch).

Refen, v. to roof in, S.—AS. (ge)hréfan. See Roof.

Reflac, sb. robbery, S; see Reuen.

Refreissche, v. to refresh, C; refreschyn, Prompt.—AF. refreschir.

Refreyne, sb. the burden of a song, literally, a repetition, CM; refraine, SkD.—OF. refrain, from refraindre, to repeat, to sing a song (see Constans); Lat. re + frangere.

Refreynen, v. to bridle, refrenare, W, Prompt.; refrayne, Manip.; refrain, WW.—OF. refrener, to bridle; Lat. refrenare (Vulg.).

Refute, sb. refuge, Prompt., W2; refuit, W2; refuyt, CM, HD, W2; refut, S2, C3; refutt, W2.—AF. refute; OF. refuite, re + fuite; Lat. fugita, pp. f. of fugere.

Regal, adj. as sb. kingly (power), S2.—AF. regal Lat. regalem. Cf. Real.

Regne, sb. rule, a kingdom, S2, C2, C3; rengne, S; ryngis, pl., S3.—AF. regne; Lat. regnum.

Regnen, v. to reign, C2, PP; ring, S3; ryngis, pr. pl., S3; reygned, pp., S2; rengned, S2.—AF. regner; Lat. regnare.

Regrate, v. to retail wares, HD.—OF. regrater, to mend, scour, trick up an old thing for sale (F. regratter, to bargain): It. rigattáre, to strive for the victory, to regrate, to sell by retail (Florio); Sp. regateár, ‘to huck in buying or selling’ (Minsheu). Cp. E. regatta; It. rigátta, a struggling for the mastery (Florio).

Regratere, sb. retail dealer, PP.—OF. regratier; cp. Low Lat. regratarium (Ducange).

Regratorie, sb. selling by retail, PP, S2; regraterye, PP.—OF. regraterie.

Regratour, sb. retail dealer, S2, PP.—AF. regratour.

Reguerdon, sb. reward, ND; reguerdoun, S2.—Cp. OF. reguerdonner, to guerdon abundantly (Cotg.).

Reguerdonment, sb. requital, DG.

Rehed, sb. reed, W, W2; see Reed.

Rehersaille, sb. rehearsal, C3.

Rehersen, v. to rehearse, enumerate, C2, S2, PP; rehercen, PP, C2; rehearse, WW, Sh.—AF. reherser, rehercer. See Herce.

Rehersyng, sb. rehearsal, C.

Reheten, v. to refresh, to cheer, H, CM, WA, HD, JD; reheyit, H; rehetid, pp., H.—OF. rehaitier (Bartsch), cp. OF. haitier, to make joyful, see BH, Diez, p. 609.

Rehetynge, sb. comfort, refreshing, H.

Reioysen, v. to rejoice, PP, C2; reioisshen, PP; reiosyng, pr. p., S3.—OF. resjoïss-, stem of resjoïssant, pr. p. of resjoïr, from re + esjoïr; Lat. ex + gaudēre (Late Lat. *gaudīre); see Constans, glossaire (prefix res-).

Reke, sb. vapour, smoke, S2, H (Ps. 67. 2), Cath.; reyk, B; reik, B; reche, S2.—AS. réc; cp. Icel. reykr: OTeut. *rauki-; see Kluge (s.v. rauch).

Rekels, sb. incense, Cath.; recles, S, S2. Comb.: recle-fat, incense-vessel, censer, S, SD.—AS. récels.

Reken, v. to smoke, Cath.—AS. récan.

Rekenen, v. to reckon up, to give account, C2, W, PP; rekne, S2, PP; rikenen, S, PP; rikynyd, pp., W2; y-rekened, C2. Cp. Du. rekenen.

Rekeninge, sb. reckoning, C3.

Rekenthis, sb. pl. chains, WA; rekanthes, WA.—AS. racente; cp. Icel. rekendr. Cf. Rakenteie.

Rekkeles, adj. careless, S3; see Recheles.

Rekken, v. to reck, care, C2; see Rechen.

Relenten, v. to melt, C3, Palsg., Prompt., SkD.—OF. ralentir (Cotg.).

Reles, sb. relaxation, forgiveness, also taste, odour, Prompt.; relees, Prompt. (n); relece, Prompt. Phr.: out of relees, without ceasing, C3.—AF. reles, relees, relais. See below.

Releschen, v. to relax, release; relecen, Prompt.; relesse, C3; releschand, pr. p., S3; relessed, pt. s., forgave, C2; relesed, pp., forgiven, PP; relessed, PP.—AF. relascher, relesser, releisser Lat. relaxare.

Releuen, v. to raise up again, to rise, PP, C3; relyue, S3; relieve, imp., take up again, S3.—AF. relever; Lat. releuare.

Relif, sb. what remains, a fragment taken up from the table; releef, Prompt.; relefe, Cath., SkD; reliefe, Cath. (n); relifs, pl., W, W2; relifes, W; relifis, W2; relyues, S2.—OF. relief, remainder (Bartsch), from reliev-, accented stem of relever, to raise up; Lat. releuāre.

Relikes, sb. pl. remains, H; relikis, W2.—AF. relikes; Lat. reliquias.

Relyen, v. to rally, call back, re-assemble, to take courage again, PP; rely, B; releyt, pt. s., B, S2; releit, pp., S2, B.—AF. relier, to rally (OF. ralier, in Bartsch); Lat. re + ligare, to bind.

Relyue, v. to rise, S3; relyued, pt. s., raised, S3; see Releuen.

Rem, sb. a kingdom, S2; reme, C; see Rewme.

Rem, sb. a cry, S; reames, pl., S.—AS. hréam, OS. hróm, Icel. rómr.

Reme, v. to cry, roar, S, PP; raum, HD; romy, H; romiand, pr. p., S2; rumyand, H; romyd, pt. s., H; remden, pl., S.—AS. hréman: OS. hrómian.

Remedie, sb. remedy, C2; remede, S3.—OF. remede, AF. remedie; Lat. remedium.

Remen, v. to give place, to quit, S, SD; roume, PP; rumen, SD; rimen, SD.—AS. rýman: OS. rúmian; cp. OFris. rêma, G. räumen, see Weigand. See Rowm.

Remenant, sb. remnant, C2, C3, S3; remenaunt, C, Prompt.; remanand, B; remelawnt, Prompt.; remlawnt, HD; remlin, Prompt. (n).—AF. remenant, OF. remanant, pr. p. of remanoir (Bartsch); Lat. remanēre.

Remlet, sb. remnant, HD, Prompt. (n). See above.

Remouyn, v. to remove, Prompt.; remeuen, S3, C3, Palsg., SkD.—AF. remoever (with change of conjugation) from OF. removoir; Lat. re + mouēre.

Remuen, v. to remove, CM, ND, SkD; remown, Prompt.; remwe, to depart, S3; remewed, pp., C2.—OF. remuër; Lat. re + mutare.

Renable, adj. eloquent, PP; see Resunable.

Renably, adv. reasonably, CM; runnably, HD. See above.

Rend, v. to make to run into a shape, to cast metal, melt, H; rind, rynde, to melt, as lard, &c., JD.—Icel. renna, to make to run, to pour (of a melted substance), causal of renna (rinna), to run. See Rennen.

Renden, v. to tear, PP; reendyn, Prompt.; rente, pt. s., S; rended, pp., S2; y-rent, C3.—ONorth. rendan, to cut or tear down (BT).

Renegat, sb. renegade, C3; runagate, WW.—OF. renegat; Late Lat. renegatum.

Renewlen, v. to renew, W; renule, W2; renewlid, pp., W; renulid, W2.—AF. renoveler; Late Lat. renovellare.

Reneye, v. to deny, reject, abandon, S2, PP, C2, CM.—OF. reneier; Late Lat. renegare.

Reng, sb. rank, SD; renges, pl., C; rengis, HD.—OF. reng, renc; cp. AF. renc, ring of people, rencs, ranks; OHG. hring, ring. See Ring.

Renk, sb. a man, PP; renke, PP; renkes, pl., men, creatures, PP, HD; renkkes, S2; reynkes, PP.—Icel. rekkr (for renkr), a man, used in poetry, also in law. Cp. AS. rinc, a warrior, a man (Grein). See Ranke.

Renne, v. See under Rapen.

Rennen, v. to run, SD, S, S2, S3, C2, W, PP; rin, S3; rynne, S3; ryn, S2; eornen, S, S2; ernen, S; urnen, S; ȝerne, S; ærneð, pr. pl., S; rynnys, S3; ron, pt. s., S2, PP; urnen, pl., S; eorn, S; iorne, pp., S; ronnen, PP; ronne, PP, C2; y-ronne, C2; y-ronnen, C; arnde, pt. s. (weak), S, SD; ernde, SD; ærnden, pl., SD.—AS. rinnan, pt. s. ran, pp. gerunnen, also irnan, yrnan, pt. s. arn, pl. urnon, pp. urnen.

Rennyng, sb. running, S3; rennyngis, pl., currents, streams, W2.

Renome, sb. renown, WW, S3; renoume, WW; renowme, WW. See below.

Renomee, sb. renown, WW; renoume, B.—OF. renomee; Late Lat. *renominatam.

Renoumed, adj. renowned, WW; renowmed, WW.—Cp. OF. renommé; see Constans.

Renoun, sb. renown, SkD; renowne, B.—AF. renoun, renun, OF. renon, renom; Lat. re + nomen; cp. Sp. renombre, renown (Minsheu).

Rente, sb. revenue, pay, reward, S, C2; rent, Prompt.; rentes, pl., S, PP, S2; rentis, PP.—AF. rente; Late Lat. *rendita; Lat. reddita; from OF. rendre; Lat. reddere.

Renten, v. to endow, PP.

Renule, v. to renew, W2; see Renewlen.

Reod, sb. a reed, PP; see Reed.

Reousien, v. to grieve, SD.—AS. hréowsian, see Sievers, 411. See Rewen.

Reowen, v. to grieve, vex, S; see Rewen.

Reowsunge, sb. repentance, SD.—AS. hréowsung.

Reowðe, sb. ruth, pity, S; see Rewðe.

Repair, sb. a place of resort, ND; repeir, return, S3.—OF. repaire.

Repairen, v. to go to, C2, C3; repeiring, pr. p., C2; raparyt, pt. pl., S3; reparit, pp., S2.—AF. repeirer, OF. repairier; Lat. repatriare, to return to one’s country.

Reparailen, v. to repair; reparaild, pp., H.—OF. repareiller; cp. apareillier, to prepare; from pareil, like; Late Lat. pariculum (Ducange).

Reparaylynge, sb. restoration, H.

Repe, sb. sheaf, manipulus, Voc., SD; reepe, SD; repis, pl., H.

Repen, v. to cut grain, PP, W, W2; ripen, S; rap, pt. s., W; repen, pl., S; ropen, PP; ropun, W; rope, W2.—OMerc. répan (rýpan, rípan) Goth. raupjan, to pluck; see Sievers, 159.

Repples, sb. pl. staves, cudgels (?), S.

Repreuable, adj. reprehensible, C3, W.

Repreue, v. to reprove, PP, Prompt., C3; repreued, pp., S2.—OF. repruever, reprover; Lat. reprŏbare.

Repreue, sb. reproof, C3; repreef, W.

Repreuynges, sb. pl. reproofs, S2.

Repromyssioun, sb. promise, W.—Lat. repromissionem (Vulg.).

Repugnen, v. to fight against, W2; to deny, PP.—Lat. repugnare.

Repylle-stok, sb. an implement for cleaning flax, Voc. See Ripple.

Rerage, sb. arrears, PP, HD; rerages, pl., PP. Cf. Arerage.

Rerd, sb. voice, sound, SD; rerid, WA; reorde, S; rorde, SD: rearde, S2; rurd, S2; rerde, dat., SD, HD.—AS. reord for reard, cp. OHG. rarta: Goth. razda; cp. Icel. rödd (gen. raddar).

Rerden, v. to speak, to sound; reordien, SD; rerdit, pt. pl., S3.—AS. reordian.

Reren, v. to make to rise, to rear, S2, B; rerde, pt. s., S, S2; rerid, pp., S2; rered, S2.—AS. rǽran: Goth. raisjan. See Rysen.

Resalgar, sb. realgar, red orpiment, C3, HD.—Sp. rejalgar, arsenic (Minsheu).

Rescouen, v. to rescue, SkD; rescowe, CM; reskew, B.—OF. rescou-, stem of rescouant, rescoant, pr. p. of rescorre. See below.

Rescous, sb. rescue, S3, C, SkD, CM.—OF. rescous (rescos) pp. of rescorre, to help, repair a damage, also resqueure (BH); Lat. re + excutere, to shake off.

Rese, sb. and v.; see Rase.

Resen, v. to shake, C; see Rusien.

Reset, sb. place of refuge, B; see Receyt.

Resownen, v. to resound; resowne, C; resouned, pt. s., C2.—OF. resoner; Lat. resonare.

Respyt, sb. respite, delay, leisure, C3, C; respyte, Prompt., Cath.; respit, B.—AF. respit; Late Lat. respectum (acc.), respite, prorogation (Ducange); a technical sense of Lat. respectus, consideration.

Rest, sb. rest; reste, S.—AS. rest; cp. OHG. resti (Tatian).

Resten, v. to rest, S.—AS. restan; cp. OHG. resten (Tatian).

Resun, sb. reason, talk, S2, PP, Prompt.; resoun, C2, S2, PP; reson, C2, PP, HD; reison, PP.—AF. resoun (reison, reasoun), also raisoun, reason, language; Lat. rationem.

Resunable, adj. reasonable, talkative, eloquent, Prompt.; resonable, PP; resnabyl, HD; renable, PP; runnable, PP. Notes (p. 23).—AF. resonable, OF. resnable, raisnable; Lat. rationabilem.

Retenaunce, sb. retinue, company, PP, HD.—AF. retenaunce; Late Lat. retinentia (Ducange).

Retenue, sb. retinue, suite, C2.—OF. retenuë, a retinue (Cotg.); Late Lat. retenuta (Ducange). In F. retenue means ‘reserve, modesty’, and has become obsolete in the English sense of a ‘suite’, a body of attendants.

Rethor, sb. orator, C, C2, Manip.—Late Lat. rhethor; Lat. rhetor; Gr. ῥήτωρ.

Rethoryke, sb. rhetoric, C2; retoryke, PP; retoryk, PP.—Lat. rhetorica.

Retten, v. to account, impute, C, H, Prompt., W; rectyn, Prompt.—AF. retter, reter, to accuse (pp. rette, rete); Lat. reputare see BH, § 153; by popular etymology Low Lat. rectare, ‘in jus vocare,’ rectatus, accused (Schmid). Cf. A-retten.

Reuful, adj. compassionate, S2; see Rewful.

Reule, sb. rule, PP, C; rewle, PP, S3; riwle, S; reuel, S2; reul, S2; riulen, pl., S.—AF. reule; Lat. regula; also OF. riule, rigle; Late Lat. rigula (for regula).

Reulen, v. to rule, PP, C; rewled, pt. s., S2.—AF. reuler; Lat. regulare.

Reuliche, adv. ruefully, S2; see Rewliche.

Reume, sb. kingdom; see Rewme.

Reue, sb. reeve, prefect, minister of state, steward, S, PP, Prompt.; reeve, C; reuen, pl., S. Comb., ref-schipe, reeveship, prefecture, S.—AS. (ge)réfa.

Reue, sb. clothing, spoil, plunder, SD; ræf, SD. Comb.: ref-lac, robbery, S, SD.—AS. réaf clothing, spoil; cp. Icel. rauf, spoil. Cf. Robe.

Reuel, sb. revel, C; see Reeuel.

Reuen, v. to rob, plunder, S, S2, S3; reaue, S2; rieue, S3; refand, pr. p., H; reuede, pt. s., S; rafte, C2; ræueden, pl., S: y-raft, pp., C.—AS. réafian, to despoil.

Reuere, sb. robber, SD; reuer, S3; ræueres, pl., S.—AS. réafere.

Reuing, sb. robbery, S; rauing, S.

Rewe, sb. row, C; rewis, pl., S3; see Rawe.

Rewel (?). Comb.; rewel boon, C2; rowel boon, CM; reuylle bone, C2 (n); ruelle bones, pl., HD, C2 (n); rewle stone, HD (p. 698).

Rewen, v. to rue, grieve, S, PP, S2, S3, C2; reowen, S; ruwyn, Prompt.; rewing, pr. p., S3; reouð, pr. s., S; rwez, S2; rewede, pt. s., S.—AS. hréowan; cp. OS. hrewan.

Rewere, sb. one who pities; reewere, S2.

Rewful, adj. piteous, S, S2, C3; reuful, S2; reowfule, pl., S.

Rewle, sb. rule, S2; see Reule.

Rewliche, adj. pitiable, PP; rewli, piteous, S; reweli, S; ruly, HD.—AS. hréowlic.

Rewliche, adv. piteously, S; reowliche, S; reuliche, S2; rewli, S; rwly, S2.—AS. hréowlice.

Rewlyngis, sb. pl. rough shoes, S3; see Riveling.

Rewme, sb. kingdom, S2, W, H, PP; realme, CM; reaume, C2, S2; reume, PP, S2; reame, S2, PP; reme, C, PP, Cath.; rem, S2; reum, H.—OF. reaume, AF. realme; Late Lat. *regalimen.

Rewðe, sb. ruth, pity, S, C2, C3, G; reowðe, S; rouðe, S2, G; reoðe, S; routh, S3; ruþe, S, S3; rawðe, S2; rewþes, pl., S2. See Rewen.

Rewðelese, adj. ruthless, C3; rewðles, PP.

Reyn, sb. rain, W2, PP, C2; rien, S; rein, S; reyne, PP; reane, S3; ran, S3.—AS. regn (rén).

Reynen, v. to rain, PP; reinen, S; ranyt, pt. s., B.—AS. regnian (also rignan, rínan), see Sievers, 92.

Reysed, pp. ridden, C; see Rase.

Reysen, v. to raise, G, CM; reisen, W2, S; reas, S3.—Icel. reisa; cp. Goth. raisjan. See Risen, Reren.

Reȝel, sb. a garment, rail, SkD; rail, JD; raile, HD; rayle, a kerchief, Palsg., Voc.; rayles, pl., ND.—AS. hrægl (Voc.). Cf. Y-rayled.

Riall, adj. royal, CM, S3, PP; see Real.

Rially, adv. royally, CM; see Realyche.

Ribaud, sb. villain, worthless creature, ribald, PP; rybaud, PP; ribaude, the Evil One, PP; ribalde, PP; ribaut, S3; ribaudes, pl., sinners, PP; ribauz, S.—AF. ribald (pl. ribaus, ribaldes), OF. ribaud.

Ribaudie, sb. sin, S2, PP; ribald jesting, C3.—OF. ribaudie.

Ribaudour, sb. profligate fellow, PP; rybaudour, PP.

Ribaudrie, sb. ribaldry, PP; rybaudrie, PP, S3.

Riche, adj. powerful, rich, S; ryche, PP; ryke, PP; rice, S.—OF. riche.

Riche, sb. kingdom, S, S2; ryche, PP; rice, S; rike, H, S2.—AS. ríce.

Richelike, adv. richly, S; richeliche, S2.

Richen, v. to grow rich, PP; recheð, pr. pl., PP.

Richesse, sb. wealth, PP, S2, S3, C2; ritchesse, W; richeise, S; riches, WW; richesses, pl., costly articles, S2; ricchessis, WW; riȝtchessis, W.—OF. richese, AF. richesce.

Rict, adj. right, S; see Ryght.

Riden, v. to ride, S, S2; ridend, pr. p., S; rydinge, C3; ryd, imp., S; rit, pr. s., PP, C3; ritt, PP; ryt, PP, C; rad, pt. s., S2, B; rod, S, S2; rood, C2; riden, pl., S, C3, C; rade, S2; raid, B; riden, pp., C2; rad, B. Comb.: redyng-kyng, a kind of feudal retainer, PP; redyng-kynges, pl., PP.—AS. rídan, pt. s. rád, pl. ridon.

Ridere, sb. rider, S; rideres, pl., S; rideren, S.

Ridil, sb. a sieve, Prompt.; rydelle, Cath.; ryddel, ruddle, Cath. (n). Cf. Rydder.

Ridilen, v. to sift; rydelyn, Prompt.; ridile, W; ridlande, pr. p., S2. Phr.: riddlide watris = Lat. cribrans aquas (Vulg.), Cath. (n).

Rif, v. to rive, S2; see Ryuen.

Rift, sb. veil, curtain; rifft, S.—AS. rift; cp. Icel. ript, ripti.

Riften, v. eructare, H (Ps. 18. 2); rift, to belch, Manip.—Icel. rypta.

Riht, adj. and sb. right, S; see Ryght.

Rihten, v. to direct, correct, S; rigten, to set straight, S; riȝti, S2; rightid, pt. s., S2.—AS. rihtan.

Rihtlecen, v. to direct, set right, S; riȝtleche, S2, HD; ryȝtlokede, pp., S3.—AS. rihtlǽcan.

Rihtwis, adj. righteous, S; see Ryght.

Rike, sb. kingdom, S2; see Riche.

Rikenare, sb. reckoner, S.

Rikenen, v. to reckon, S, PP; see Rekenen.

Rin, v. to run, S3; see Rennen.

Ring, v. to reign, S3; see Regnen.

Riot, v. to revel, live dissolutely, gluttonously, WW; ryot, B; riotte, to be dissolute, luxuriare, Manip.

Riote, sb. uproar, SkD; riot, dissolute, luxurious living, WW; riotte, Manip.; ryot, depredation, B.—AF. riote (ryot), confusion, OF. rïote, quarrelling (Bartsch), also feasting (Ducange); cp. ODu. revot, ‘caterva nebulonum, luxuria’; see SkD.

Riotour, sb. rioter; rioter, glutton, WW; ryotoures, pl., C3.—AF. riotour, OF. riotheir (Ps. 36. 1).

Riotour, adj. luxurious, dissolute, WW.—Cp. Low Lat. riotosus (Ducange).

Ripe, adj. fit for reaping, mature, S; rype, C2.

Ripen, v. to become ripe, Prompt.; ripede, pt. s., S.—AS. rípian.

Ripen, v. to divide by tearing open, to rip, to search diligently, examine, HD, JD, SkD (s.v. rip); rype, Palsg.; riped, pt. s., S2.—Cp. Swed. repa, to scratch.

Ripple, sb. an instrument for ripping off the flax-seeds, JD. Comb.: repylle-stok, an implement for cleaning flax, Voc.

Ripplen, v. to ripple flax, JD; rypelen, SkD, Prompt.

Rishe, sb. rush, S3; see Rusche.

Rist, pr. s. riseth, rises, C3; see Rysen.

Rit, pr. s. rides, C3; see Riden.

Riuelic, adv. frequently, S2. See Ryfe.

Riveling, sb. a kind of shoe, SD, HD; rullion, JD; rewlyngis, pl., S3; rowlyngis, JD.—AS. rifelingas, ‘obstrigelli’ (Voc.); cp. AF. rivelinges, rivelins.

Rixan, v. to reign, S.—AS. rícsian (ríxian); cp. OHG. rîhhisôn (Tatian), see Sievers, 411. See Riche.

Rixlien, v. to reign, S. See above.

Riȝt, sb. right, justice, S2; see Ryght.

Ro, sb. quiet, S2; see Roo.

Robben, v. to plunder, spoil, rob, SkD, PP; robby, S2.—AF. robber; cp. It. robbare, to rob (Florio).

Robbeour, sb. robber, PP; robbour, PP.—AF. robeöur, OF. robeör; Low Lat. robatorem; cp. It. robbatore, robber (Florio).

Robe, sb. robe, PP; robes, pl., clothes, PP; robis, PP.—AF. robe; cp. It. róbba, gown, robe, goods (Florio).

Roberie, sb. robbery, S.—AF. roberie.

Roche, sb. rock, S, S3, C2, H; rooch, S2, W2. Comb.: roche-wall, rock-wall, S.—AF. roche.

Rod, pt. s. rode, S, S2; see Riden.

Rode, sb. a road, a riding, SkD, WW, Sh.; rade, S2, JD; roade, WW; roode, place where vessels ride at anchor, bitalassum, Prompt.—AS. rád.

Rode, sb. red complexion, C2, S2; see Rude.

Rody, adj. ruddy, S2, C2, PP; rodi, W.

Roggen, v. to shake, PP, HD, S2, Prompt.; rug, JD.—Icel. rugga, to rock a cradle.

Rohten, pt. pl. recked, S; see Rechen.

Roial, adj. royal, CM; see Real.

Roialtee, sb. royalty, C3; see Realte.

Rokke, sb. a distaff, Prompt., Cath., HD; rok, S3; roche, Manip.; rocks, pl., S3, HD.—Icel. rokkr.

Rokken, v. to rock, Prompt.; y-rokked, pp., S2.

Romblen, v. to ramble; romblynge, pr. p., PP.

Romen, v. to rove about, to ramble, wander, roam, C2, C3, PP, SkD; rame, HD; raymen, PP, S2; rowme, PP; rombe, PP. Cp. OS. rómón, OHG. râmên, to strive after (Otfrid).

Romere, sb. roamer, wanderer, PP; rowmer, PP; romares, pl., PP; romberis, PP.

Rome-renneres, sb. pl. agents at the court of Rome, PP.

Ron, pt. s. ran, S2; see Rennen.

Rong, pt. s. rang, C3; see Ryngen.

Roo, sb. roe, deer, S2, Prompt.; ro, S2; ra, JD; rays, pl., S3.—AS. ráh (Voc.), also ráha (Voc.), see Sievers, 117.

Roo, sb. rest, quiet, S2, HD; ro, HD, S2.—Icel. ró AS. rów: OHG. ruowa (G. ruhe).

Rood, pt. s. rode, C2; see Riden.

Roode, sb. the rood, cross, gallows, PP, G, Prompt.; rode, PP, S, S2, S3; rude, B; roid, B; rod, a rod, SkD. Phr.: rule the rod, to bear sway, NQ (6. 3. 169); Comb.: rode-tre, the cross, S2; rude evyn, eve of the Rood (Sept. 13), B.—AS. ród: OS. róda; cp. OHG. ruoda (G. rute).

Roof, sb. roof, W, Prompt.; rhof, SkD; roff, PP; roue, S3; rofe, PP; roouys, pl., W2.—AS. hróf.

Roomth, sb. room, space, ND. See Rowm.

Roomthie, adj. spacious, Cotg. (s.v. large).

Roomthsome, adj. spacious, DG.

Rop, sb. a rope, PP; rapes, pl., S.—AS. ráp; cp. Icel. reip.

Rope, pt. pl. reaped, W2; see Repen.

Ropere, sb. rope-maker or rope-seller, PP.

Roploch, adj. coarse, applied to woollen stuffs, JD; sb. coarse woollen cloth, S3 raplach, raplock, reploch, JD.

Roren, v. to roar, C, PP; roorin, Prompt.; rarin, H (Ps. 76. i); rar, B; rair, S3, B.—AS. rárian, to lament loudly, to bellow.

Ros, pt. s. rose, S, C2; see Rysen.

Rose, sb. rose, Prompt.; roose, W2; rois, S3; ross, S3 (11 a. 6); rosen, pl., SkD; roosis, W2. Comb.: rose-reed, red as a rose, C3.—OProv. rose; Lat. rosa; cp. AS. róse.

Rosen, v. to praise, reflex. to boast, H; roose, JD; ruse, JD; roysen, H; rees, JD.—Icel. hrósa, to praise, reflex. to boast, from hróðr, praise, fame.

Rospen, v. to scrape, S; see Raspen.

Rost, sb. roast (meat), PP; roste, PP. Phr.: rules the rost, takes the lead, domineers, S3, ND, NQ (6. 3. 170), HD (s.v. rule-stone, SPD (s.v. roast).—AF. rost, roste.

Roste, v. to roast, C; y-rosted, pp., S3.—OF. rostir.

Rote, sb. root, W2, PP, S2, C2; rot, S2; roote, a term in astrology, S2, C3; foot, C2; rutis, pl., S3; rotes, PP.—Icel. rót; the same word as AS. wrót, snout, ‘bruncus;’ see Voc. (cp. wrótan, to grub up).

Rote, sb. a musical instrument, C, HD, ND, SkD; roote, HD.—AF. rote; OHG. hrota; cp. Low Lat. chrotta, OIr. crot (Windisch). Cf. Crowde.

Rote, v. to rot, H (Ps. 15. 10). Der.: rotyng, rotting, S2.—AS. rotian.

Rote, in phr. by rote; see Route.

Roten, adj. rotten, C3; rotyn, HD; rotun, W2; rottyn, B.—Cp. Icel. rotinn, perhaps a pp. form.

Roðer, sb. a paddle for rowing, used also as a rudder, S, S2; rothyr, Prompt.; rodyr, Voc., Prompt.; rudyr, oar, Cath.; rither, rudder, DG. See Rowen.

Roðer, sb. an ox, SD, HD; reðer, SD; reoðer, SD; reoðeren, pl., SD; reðeren, SD; roðeren, S3; roðeron, S2; riðeren, SD; ruðeren, SD. Phr.: rule the rother, ND. Comb.: rother-soyl, manure, HD, ND; retherne-tounge, the herb bugloss, HD.—AS. hreoðer: hríðer, OFris. hríðer: OHG. hrind (pl. hrindir); cp. G. rind.

Roþun, sb. a driving storm, S2.—Cp. Icel. róði, the wind, tempest.

Rouken, v. to lie close, cower down, CM, C, HD, JD.

Rouncle, v. to wrinkle, S2; see Runkylle.

Rouncy, sb. a horse, C, CM; rounsy, HD; rownsy, HD.—AF. runcin (Roland); cp. OF. roucin (F. roussin), Sp. rocin, whence rocinante, see Diez, p. 277.

Rounde, adj. round, PP.—AF. rounde, OF. reont, roont; Lat. rotundum (acc.).

Roundel, sb. a kind of ballad, C.—OF. rondel.

Roune, sb. a secret, a mystery, S2; rune, a secret, S; roun, song, S2; runen, pl., secret discourses, S; runes, S; rounes, S2.—AS. rún: OS. and Goth. rúna, a secret, counsel.

Rounen, v. to talk secretly, whisper, PP, C2; runien, S; rownen, H, PP, Cath., S3, C2, C3; rounden, PP, ND, Sh., SPD.—AS. rúnian, to whisper.

Rouning, sb. secret conference, S; rowning, B; runinge, S; rouninges, pl., S; ronenen, whisperings, S.

Roussat, sb. russet, S3; see Russet.

Route, sb. a rout, overthrow, troop, throng, company, S2, PP, S3, C2, C3; rout, S2; rowtes, pl., S2; rute, a route, rut, way, path, SkD. Phr.: by rote, C2, C3, SkD; by roote, C.—AF. route, rute, a band of men, a way, OF. rote; Late Lat. rupta, a broken mass of flying men, a defeat, a company in broken ranks, a disorderly array, a way broken through a country.

Route, v. to put to flight, Manip.; to assemble in a company, S2, C3.

Rouþe, sb. pity, S; see Rewðe.

Rouȝte, pt. s. recked, C2; see Rechen.

Roue, sb. roof, S3; see Roof.

Row, adj. rough, C3, SkD; rogh, SkD; roȝe, S2; rouch, S3, JD; ruh, SD.—AS. rúh (gen. rúwes); cp. G. rauh.

Rowen, v. to row, S, PP.—AS. rówan.

Rowle, v. to roll, S3; rele, S3; rollyn, Prompt.; rueled, pt. s., S2.—AF. rouler, roler; Late Lat. rotulare. Cf. Royle.

Rowm, sb. space, Prompt., B; rowme, cell, room, Prompt., S3, SkD; rome, S3.—AS. rúm, space, Goth. rums.

Rowme, adj. spacious, roomy, H; roume, S2.

Rowste, sb. voice, WA.—Icel. raust.

Rowt, sb. a stunning blow, S2, B; rout, B.

Rowte, sb. noise, snoring, CM.

Rowten, v. to make a great noise, to bellow, to snore, H, S2, S3, Prompt.; routen, B, CM, JD, SD; rowtande, pr. p., roaring, noisy, S2; routte, pt. s., PP; rutte, PP; routit, S2.—AS. hrútan, to snore.

Royle, v. to rove about, Manip.; roile, HD, PP; roule, PP. Notes (p. 94), CM.—OF. roiller, roller (Ducange), AF. rouler; Late Lat. rotulare. See Rowle.

Royle, sb. a stumbling horse, S3, PP. Notes (p. 94); oblongula mulier, Manip.

Royn, sb. scurf; as adj., rough, scurfy, S3.—OF. roigne (Cotg.); Lat. robiginem, rust, scab.

Roynish, adj. scabby, ND, Sh.; roinish, HD.

Royster, sb. a bully, swaggerer, saucy fellow, S3; roister, ND. Comb.: roister-doister, S3 (p. 262).—OF. rustre, royster, swaggerer (Cotg.), also roiste (Ducange), ruiste (BH), ruste; Lat. rusticum, a countryman.

Roȝe, adj. rough, S2; see Row.

Roȝte, pt. s. cared, S; see Rechen.

Ruddocke, sb. the robin redbreast, Manip.; ruddok, CM.

Rude, sb. redness, S; ruddes, pl., S3.—AS. rudu (Voc.).

Rude, adj. rough, undressed (of cloth) (= Lat. rudis = ἀγνάφος) S2; ruyd, B; roid, B.—OF. rude; Lat. rudem.

Rudelyche, adv. rudely, C; ruydly, B; roydly, B; rudly, B.

Ruffle, v. to bluster, to be noisy and turbulent, S3, Sh., ND; ruffelynge, pr. p., S3.—ODu. roffelen, to pander.

Ruffler, sb. a cheating bully, ND, HD.

Rug, sb. back, S; rugge, S, S2; see Rygge.

Ruggy, adj. rough, C, CM.—Cp. Swed. ruggig, rough, hairy. See Row.

Ruke, sb. a heap, S; ruck, JD; ruken, pl., S. Cp. OSwed. rúka, ‘acervus’.

Rukelen, v. to heap up, SD, S.

Rummeis, v. to bellow, S3; rummes, JD; rowmyss, JD; reimis, JD.—See SkD (s.v. rumble). The word rummeis is no doubt of Romance origin, an inchoative in -sco from Lat. *rumare, found in ad-rumare, to make a lowing noise; cp. OF. roumant, a murmur (Ducange).

Rummiss, sb. a loud, rattling, or rumbling noise, JD; reimis, JD; reemish, JD; rummage, an obstreperous din, JD.

Runagate, sb. renegade, WW; see Renegat.

Rune, sb. a secret, S; runen, pl. secret discourses, S; see Roune.

Runien, v. to discourse, S; see Rounen.

Runge, pt. pl. rang; see Ryngen.

Runkylle, sb. a wrinkle, Cath.; runkill, JD.—Cp. Dan. rynke.

Runkylle, v. to wrinkle, Cath.; runkle, JD; rouncle, S2; rouncled, pp., Cath. (n); roncled, HD.—Cp. Swed. rynka.

Rurd, sb. cry, noise, S2; see Rerd.

Rusche, sb. rush, PP; rische, PP; resshe, PP; rishe, S3; rish, Manip.; ryshes, pl., S3.—AS. risce, resce (Voc.).

Rusien, v. to shake, SD, C (n); rese, C; resye, C (n); rused, pt. s., PP.—AS. hrysian, Goth. hrisjan.

Russet, adj. russet, PP, Prompt.; roussat, S3; russets, sb. pl., clothes of a russet colour, ND.—AF. russet, OF. rousset; cp. Low Lat. roussetum (Ducange).

Russetting, sb. coarse cloth of russet colour, HD; a kind of apple, ND.

Ruþe, sb. ruth, pity, S; see Rewthe.

Rutis, sb. pl. roots, S3; see Rote.

Rwly, adv. ruefully, S2; see Rewliche.

Rybybe, sb. a kind of fiddle, uetella, vitula, Voc., Prompt.; [ribibe, an old woman, CM, ND]; rebeke, Manip.; rebekke, rebeck, SkD; rebecke, ND.—It. ribebba (also ribecca); Arab. rabâba, a fiddle with one or two strings, Steingass, p. 397.

Rybybour, sb. a player on the ribibe, PP. See above.

Rydder, sb. a sieve, cribrum, Voc.—AS. hrider (Voc.). Cf. Ridil.

Rydel, sb. riddle, Prompt.; see Redels.

Ryfe, adj. abundant, numerous, frequent, openly known, S3; ryyf, Prompt.; ryff, PP; ryue, G.—Icel. rífr, munificent.

Ryfelen, v. to rob, plunder, Prompt. y-rifled, pp., PP.—OF. rifler (Cotg.).

Ryflowre, sb. robber, plunderer, Prompt.

Ryflynge, sb. plunder, PP.

Ryge, sb. stormy rain, S2; rig, HD.—Icel. hregg, storm and rain.

Rygge, sb. back, ridge, HD, PP; ryg, B, PP; rugge, S, PP, S2; rug, S; rugges, pl., HD; rigge, S, HD, G; rig, S2. Comb.: rygge-bon, spondile, Voc.; ryg-bone, spina, Voc., PP; rygboon, HD; riggebon, PP, G.—AS. hrycg; cp. OHG. ruggi (Otfrid).

Ryght, adv. exactly, very, PP; riht, right, close, S, S2; rihht, S; rihte, S; rict, S; rigt, S; riȝt, S, S2. Phr.: ryȝt now late, only lately, S2.

Ryght, adj. right, Prompt.; ryht, S2; riȝt, S2, W; rihte, S; rigte, S; riȝte, S; rict, S. Comb.: riȝt-ful, straight (= Lat. rectus), S2, W; ryȝtfol, S2; ryȝtuolle, S2; riȝtfulnesse, righteousness, W; riht-half, right side, S; riȝthalf, W2; riȝtnesse, justice, S2; riht-wis, righteous; S; richtwise, S; ryȝtwys, S2; rightwis, v. to justify, H; rihtwisnesse, righteousness, S; ryȝttwisnesse, S2; riȝtwisnesse, W; rightwisenes, S2; ryghtwisnesse, C3.—AS. riht.

Ryghte, sb. right, law, equity, Cath.; riȝt, S2; riȝte, S, S2; riȝtes, pl., S2; ryȝtez, gen. as adv., rightly, immediately, S2; riȝttes, S2. Phr.: to þe riȝttes, exactly, S2; at alle rightes, C; mid rihte, rightly, S; mid rihten, S; wiþþ rihhte, S.

Ryme, sb. hoar-frost, H, Prompt. Comb.: ryme-frost, hoar-frost, HD.—AS. hrím.

Ryme, sb. rime, verse, poetry, Prompt., S, PP; rym, C2, C3; rime, S; rymes, pl., rimes, ballads, PP, C2. Phr.: on his rime, in his turn, S.—OF. rime, rym; OHG. rím, number; cp. AS. rím.

Rymen, v. to rime. Prompt., S3, C2, C3.—AF. rimer (rymer).

Ryming, sb. the art of riming, C2.

Rymthe, sb. room, leisure, Prompt. See Rowm.

Rynen, v. to touch, H. Der.: riner, the quoit that touches the mark, HD.—AS. hrínan, OS. hrínan; cp. OHG. rînan (Otfrid).

Rynge, sb. a circle, annulus, Prompt.; rynges, pl., PP; ringes, C3. Comb.: ring-leader, praesultor, Manip.; the person who opens a ball, HD, NQ (5. 1. 146); ryng-sangis, songs adapted for circular dances, S3.—AS. hring, Icel. hringr.

Ryngen, v. to ring, Prompt.; ringes, pr. pl., S; rong, pt. s., C3; runge, pl., S (19. 1273); i-runge, pp., S.—AS. ringan, pt. s. rang (pl. rungon), pp. rungen.

Ryngis, sb. pl. reigns, S3; see Regne.

Ryngis, pr. pl. reigns, S3; see Regnen.

Rys, sb. twig, branch, branches, S2, G (s.v. woode), CM; ris, S, CM; ryss, S3; ryse, Cath., S3. Comb.: rise-bushes, sticks cut for burning, DG.—AS. hrís; cp. Icel. hrís, G. reis.

Rysen, v. to rise, PP, C2; riss, B; risand, pr. p., S2; riseand, S2; ris, imp., S; rist, pr. s., C3; ros, pt. s., S, C2; roos, C2, W; raiss, S2, B; rass, B; risen, pl., W; rysen, W; rise, C2; rysed, pt. s. (weak), S2.—AS. rísan, pt. s. rás (pl. rison), pp. risen.

Ryshe, sb. rush, S3; see Rusche.

Rysp, sb. coarse grass, S3; risp, JD. Cp. G. rispe, see Weigand.

Ryue, sb. shore, S.—OF. rive; Lat. ripa.

Ryue, adj. abundant, G; see Ryfe.

Ryuel, sb. a wrinkle, SD.

Ryuelen, v. to wrinkle, HD, PP; ryueleden, pt. pl., PP; riueld, pp., S3.—Cp. AS. rifelede (Lat. rugosus), Eng. Studien, xi. 66; and Du. ruifelen.

Ryueling, sb. a wrinkling, W; ryuelynges, pl., wrinkles, W2.

Ryuen, v. to tear, rive, S2, C2, C3; rif, S2; ryfe, H.—Icel. rífa.

Ryuer, sb. river, PP; ryuere, Prompt., CM; riuere, S.—AF. rivere; Late Lat. riparia, seashore, bank, river. See Ryue.

S.

Sa, so, as, S, S2; see Swa.

Saaf, adj. healed, S2; see Sauf.

Sabat, sb. sabbath, W; sabot, W; sabote, S2; sabothis, pl., S2.—Lat. sabbatum (Vulg.); Gr. σάββατον; Heb. shabbâth, rest, sabbath.

Sabeline, sb. the sable, also the fur of the sable, S; sablyne, S.—OF. sabeline, from sable; Russ. sobole; cp. G. zobel.

Sac, sb. crime, S2; see Sak.

Saccles, adj. guiltless, S2; see Sakles.

Sachel, sb. wallet, satchel, W, H (p. 144).—OF. sachel; Lat. saccellum (acc.), dimin. of saccus. See Sak.

Sacren, v. to consecrate, hallow, S, Prompt.; y-sacred, pp., S3.—OF. sacrer; Lat. sacrare.

Sacristane, sb. sacristan, Cath.; secristoun, Voc.; sexteyne, Prompt.; sexteyn, C2.—AF. secrestein, OF. sacristain, sexton (Cotg.); from Church Lat. sacrista (Voc.).

Sad, adj. sated, over full, weary, satisfied, serious, firm, sober, discreet, grave, PP, S2, S3, C, C2, C3, W; sead, S; sæd, S; sadde, adv., S3; sadder, comp., more soundly (of sleep), PP.—AS. sæd: OS. sad, sated; cp. OHG. sat (Tatian): Goth. saths; cp. Lat. satis; see Brugmann, § 109.

Sadel, sb. saddle, C3; sadyl, Prompt. Comb.: sadel-bowe, saddle-bow, S.—AS. sadol.

Sadelien, v. to saddle; sadelede, pt. s., S; sadeled, pp., G.—AS. sadelian.

Sadly, adv. seriously, S3, C, C2, C3; sadlier, comp., more heavily, PP; sadloker, more soundly, S2, PP.

Sadnes, sb. stedfastness, soberness, discreetness, S3, WA; sadnesse, C2, P, W, W2.

Sæ, sb. sea, S; see See.

Sæclian, v. to sicken; sæclede, pt. s., S. See Sek.

Sæd, adj. sated, S; see Sad.

Sæht, sæhte; see Saht, Sahte.

Sæhtleden, pt. pl. reconciled, S; see Sahtlien.

Særes, pl. shears, S; see Schere.

Særi, adj. sorry, S; see Sory.

Sætte, pt. s. set, S; see Setten.

Sæw, sb. juice, S; see Sewe.

Safferes, Safiris; see Saphir.

Saffron, v. to tinge with saffron, C3.

Saffroun, sb. saffron, C2; safrun, Prompt.; saffran, SkD; safforne, S3.—AF. saffran.

Safte, sb. pl. creatures, S; see Schaft.

Sag, Sagh, saw; see Seon.

Saghe, sb. saw, saying, H; see Sawe.

Saghtel, 1 p. pr. pl. become reconciled, S2; see Sahtlien.

Saht, adj. at peace, reconciled; sæht, S; sehte, S; saut, HD; sahhte, pl., S.—AS. sæht; cp. Icel. sáttr.

Sahte, sb. peace, reconciliation, S; sæhte, concord, S; saughte, HD.—Cp. Icel. sátt, concord.

Sahtlien, v. to reconcile, to be reconciled, S, SkD (s.v. settle); saȝtlen, SkD; sauȝtlen, SkD; saghtel, S2; sæhtlien, S; saȝtill, WA; saghetylle, HD.—AS. sahtlian.

Sahtling, sb. reconciliation; saȝtlyng, S2; sauȝtelyng, HD; saughtelynge, HD. See above.

Sahtnen, v. to reconcile, to be reconciled, S; sauhtne, PP; sauȝtne, P.

Sahtnesse, sb. peace, reconciliation, S; sehtnesse, S; seihtnesse, S.—AS. sahtnis.

Saiȝ, saw; see Seon.

Sak, sb. sack, sackcloth, PP, W2; sek, S2; seck, S; seckes, pl., S; sakkes, PP.—AS. sacc; Lat. saccus (Vulg.); Gr. σάκκος (LXX); Heb. saq, probably of Egyptian origin.

Sak, sb. guilt, crime, cause, sake, S2, B; sake, S; sac, S2; sakess, pl., crimes, S2.—Icel. sök (stem saka-), a cause, charge, guilt, crime: Goth. sakjo (= μάχη); cp. AS. sacu, OHG. sahha, ‘causa’ (Tatian).

Sakeð, pr. s. shakes, S; see Schaken.

Sakles, adj. guiltless, S2; sakless, B; saccles, S2; sacclesli, adv., guiltlessly, S2.—AS. sacléas; cp. Icel. saklauss.

Sal, sb. salt. Comb.: sal-armoniak, sal ammoniac, C3; sal-peter, saltpetre, C3; sal-preparat, prepared salt, C3; sal-tartre, salt of tartar, C3.—Lat. sal.

Salad, sb. helmet, CM; sallet, ND, Sh.; salettes, pl., RD (p. 1663).—OF. salade (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. salada (Ducange), Sp. celada (Minsheu).

Sald, pt. s. sold, S2; see Sellen.

Sale, sb. hall, WA, S, HD.—Icel. salr; cp. AS. sæl (gen. sales).

Sale, sb. basket of willow-twigs for catching eels, etc., S3. See Salwe.

Salewis, sb. pl. willows, W2; see Salwe.

Salm, sb. psalm, S2, W2; psalme, H; psalmes, pl., PP; zalmes, S2.—Church Lat. psalmus (Vulg.); Gr. ψαλμός (LXX).

Salme, v. to sing psalms, S2.

Salt, sb. salt, Voc., S; sealte, dat., S2. Comb.: salt-cote, a salt-pit, salina, Voc.; salte-cote, Cath., Voc.—AS. sealt.

Salt, adj. salted, salt, salsus, SD; sealte, S2; salte, pl., C2.

Salue, v. to salute, C2, C3.—OF. saluer; Lat. salutare.

Saluyng, sb. salutation, C.

Salue, sb. salve, ointment, C2, PP; sallfe, H (p. 184).—AS. sealf; cp. G. salbe.

Salwe, sb. a kind of willow, a sallow, SkD, Voc.; salwhe, Prompt.; salghe, HD; salewis, pl., W2.—AS. sealh (Voc.): OHG. salahá; cp. Lat. salic-em, Ir. sail, Gr. ἑλίκη, W. helyg.

Sam . . . . sam, conj. whether . . . . or, S.

Same, adj. same, SkD; samyn, S3, B; sammyn, dat., S2, B.—Icel. samr.

Same, sb. shame, S; see Schame.

Samed, adv. together, SD; somed, S; somet, S.—AS. samod.

Samen, adv. together, PP, S, S2, H; samenn, S; samyn, H, B; sammyn, B.—Icel. saman; cp. OHG. saman (Tatian).

Samet, sb. a rich silk stuff, CM; samyte, SkD; samite, ND.—OF. samit; Late Lat. examitum; Late Gr. ἑξάμιτον; cp. G. samt, velvet, It. sciamito (Florio).

Samie, v. to be ashamed, S; see Schamien.

Samm-tale, adj. pl. in harmony, S.

Samnien, v. to unite; somnen, S; sammnesst, 2 pr. s., S; i-somned, pp., S; samned, S2; samened, S2; samynd, H.—AS. samnian.

Samon, sb. salmon, S2; see Saumon.

Sand, sb. sand, PP; see Sond.

Sand, sb. a gift, S2; see Sond.

Sanderbodes, sb. pl. messengers, S; see Sonder.

Sang, sb. song, S, S3; see Songe.

Sang, sb. blood. Comb.: sank royall, blood royal, S3 (14. 490).—OF. sanc, sang; Lat. sanguinem.

Sangwine, adj. blood-red, S3; sangwin, C; sangwane, blood colour (in heraldry), S3.—AF. sanguine; Lat. sanguineum.

Sans, prep. without, C3; sanz, S2, PP; saun, HD. Comb.: saun fail, without fail, HD.—OF. sans, senz; Lat. sine, see BH, § 50.

Sant, adj. and sb. holy, saint, S2; sante, S; sanct, B.—Lat. sanctus. Cf. Seint.

Sanyt, pt. s. crossed himself, S2; see Seynen.

Sape, sb. soap, S; see Soope.

Saphir, sb. sapphire; safiris, W (Apoc. 21. 19); saphires, pl., C2, PP; safferes, P.—AF. safir, saphire; Lat. sapphirum (acc.); Gr. σάπφειρος; Heb. sappîr.

Sapience, sb. Wisdom, i.e. the book so called, C2, P; wisdom, C3; sapiences, pl., kinds of intelligence, C3.—OF. sapience; Lat. sapientia.

Sar, Sare, Sair; see Sore.

Sarce, sb. sieve, Cath., Palsg.; searce, Cotg. (s.v. tamis); sarse, Cath. (n); sars, Cath. (n).—OF. sas, a searce (Cotg.), saas: Sp. cedázo (Minsheu); Lat. setaceum, from seta, hair on an animal. See Say.

Sarce, v. to sift, Palsg.; searse, Cath. (n).—OF. sasser.

Sari, adj. sorry, S; see Sory.

Sark, sb. shirt, S3; see Serk.

Sarmoun, sb. sermon, P; see Sermoun.

Satern, sb. Saturnus, SD. Comb.: Sateres-dai, Saturday, S; Saterdei, S; seterday, PP; sætterdæi, S; saterday, PP; seturday, PP.

Sattel, v. to subside, S2, S3; see Setlen.

Sauf, adj. safe, healed, made whole, S2, C3, P; sauff, S2; saf, S2; saaf, S2, W; sauf, prep., save, except, C; saue, C2, C3; saulfe, S3; saufliche, adv., safely, S2; saufly, C, C2, PP; sauely, H. Comb.: saulfe-garde, safe-keeping, S3; salfgard, S3.—AF. sauf, OF. salf; Lat. saluum.

Saugh, saw; see Seon.

Saughte, v. to be reconciled, G. See Saht.

Saule, sb. soul, S; sawl, S; saull, S3; saulen, pl., S; see Soule.

Saumon, sb. salmon, Voc.; salmond, B; samon, S2; samowne, Prompt.—OF. saumun, salmon; Lat. salmonem.

Saumplarie, sb. example, instructor, PP.

Saumple, sb. example, PP, W2, HD.

Saumpler, sb. exemplar, pattern, W.

Saundyuer, sb. the fatty substance floating on glass when it is red-hot in the furnace, S2; sawndevere, HD; sandiver, Cotg.—OF. suin de verre, the sweating of glass (Cotg.); suin or suint, from suinter, to sweat, as stones in moist weather; nasalised from OTeut. base SWIT, whence G. schwitzen, to sweat.

Sausefleme, sb. the scab, salsum flegma, C (p. 140). Der.: sauseflemed, adj., having pimples on the face, HD; sawceflem, pimpled, C, CM.—Late Lat. salsum flegma.

Saut, sb. assault, H, PP; saute, H; sawt, B.—OF. saut, a leap; Lat. saltum.

Saute, v. to leap, PP.—OF. sauter, saulter; Lat. saltare.

Sauter, sb. a musical instrument, psalter, psalms, S2; sawter, Voc.; sawtre, Voc.; sautre, W2; psauter, PP; psautere, H (p. 3). Comb.: sawtere-boke, Voc.—OF. sautier (Bartsch), psaultier; Church Lat. psalterium; Gr. ψαλτήριον.

Sauvacioun, sb. salvation, S2, S3, C3, P.—AF. salvacioun; Lat. salvationem.

Sauȝtne, v. become reconciled, P; see Sahtnen.

Saue, prep. save, C2; see Sauf.

Saueine, sb. savin, sabine, SkD; sewane, S3.—AS. safine; Lat. sabina; cp. OF. sabine, savinier, the savine-tree (Cotg.).

Sauetè, sb. safety, PP; sauyte, S2; safte, P.—AF. sauvete; Late Lat. salvitatem.

Save, sb. the herb sage, C; see Sawge.

Savour, sb. savour, smell, pleasantness, pleasure, P, C2, C3, WW.—OF. saveur; Lat. saporem.

Savouren, v. to have a pleasant taste, to give an appetite to, S2, P; sauere (= Lat. sapere), to have a taste, perception, W; sauer, S2, WW, CM.—AF. savourer.

Sawe, sb. a saw, saying, S2, C, C3; saghe, H; saghes, pl., H; saghs, S2; sawes, S2, P.—AS. sagu.

Sawe, v. to sow, S; see Sowen.

Sawge, sb. the herb sage, Prompt.; salge, Cath.; save, C, HD.—OF. sauge; Lat. saluia; cp. Low Lat. salgia (Cath.).

Say, pt. s. saw; see Seon.

Say, sb. silk, WA.—OF. seie; Sp. seda; Lat. sēta, bristle. Cf. Sarce.

Sayne, sb. a net, WA.—OF. seine; Lat. sagēna; Gr. σαγήνη; cp. OIr. sén.

Sayntuaryes, sb. pl. relics, S3; see Seintuarie.

Saȝ, pt. s. saw; see Seon.

Saȝtled, pt. s. settled, S2; see Setlen.

Saȝtlyng, sb. reconciliation, S2; see Sahtling.

Sc-. For many words beginning with sc-, see Sch-.

Scæ, she, S; see Sheo.

Scærp, adj. sharp, S; see Scharp.

Scandlic, adj. disgraceful, S. See Schonde.

Scaplorye, sb. a kind of scarf, Prompt.; scaplory, scapelory, Cath., S; scaplorey, Voc.; scapelary, Prompt.; chapolory, S3; scaplery, Cath. (n); scapularye, Cath. (n); scopelarie, Cath. (n).—Church Lat. scapulare, from scapula, shoulder (Vulg.).

Scarl, sb. scare-crow, bugbear, HD; scarle, Cath.

Scarren, v. to scare, SD; see Skerren.

Scars, adj. scarce, SD; scarce, Prompt.; scarsliche, adv., scarcely, SD; scarslych, sparingly, S2; scarsly, parsimoniously, C, Prompt.; scarseli, W.—AF. escars; Late Lat. excarpsum.

Scarsetè, sb. scarcity, C3; scarste, S2.—OF. scharseté (Ducange).

Scarsnesse, sb. scarceness, Prompt.

Scarth, sb. sherd, H; skarth, JD.—Icel. skarð. Cf. Scherde.

Scat, sb. treasure, S.—AS. sceat: OS. skat; cp. OHG. scaz (Tatian).

Scaðe, sb. harm, S, C2; schathe, S2; skaith, S3; skathe, C, G; scath, WA; skath, H.—Icel. skaði; cp. OHG. scado (Otfrid).

Scean, pt. s. shone, S; see Schynen.

Sceappend, sb. creator, S; see Scheppende.

Scel, shall, S; see Schal.

Sceolde, should, S; see Scholde.

Scewie, imp. pl. let us see, S; see Schewen.

Schade, sb. shade, shadow, WA; schadowe, Prompt.; schadewe, S; shadwe, C2, C3. Phr.: in ssede, darkly, S2.—AS. sceadu (stem sceadwa): OS. skado; cp. OHG. scato (Tatian).

Schaft, sb. shape, make, form, creature, S, S2; schafte, PP; shafte, PP; scepþe, S2; schafte, pl., S; safte, S; ssepþes, S2.—AS. (ge)sceaft.

Schakaris, sb. pl. drops of dew hanging down, S3.

Schaken, v. to shake, Prompt.; ssake, S2; sakeð, pr. s., S; schok, pt. s., S, S2; schake, pp., C.—AS. sceacan, pt. scóc, pp. scacen.

Schal, 1, 3 pt. pr. s. shall, S; sceal, S; scal, S; sceol, S; scel, S; schel, S2; ssel, S2; shal, S, S2, C2, C3; sal, S, S2; sall, H; sale, S2; salt, 2 pr. s., S2; ssalt, S2; schulen, pl., S; schullen, S. S2; schulle, S; schulleþ, S; schule, S; sculen, S; schuln, C; scullen, S; scule, S; shulen, S; shullen, C3; shulle, S; shul, S2, C3; shule, S2; sulen, S; sule, S; sullen, S; sulle, S; scholle, S2; sholen, S; shole, S; ssolle, S2; solle, S; salle, S2; schaltow, saltou, shalt thou, S2. Cf. Scholde.

Schalk, sb. servant, man, WA; schalke, S2.—AS. scealc (Grein): Goth. skalks; cp. OHG. scalc (Tatian).

Schame, sb. shame, S, PP; schome, S; shome, S2; scheome, S; scome, S; ssame, S2; same, S.—AS. sceamu.

Schamefast, adj. modest, C.

Schamefastnesse, sb. modesty, C, W.

Schamelich, adj. shameful; schomelich, S, S2; shameliche, adv., S; shamlic, S2.

Schamien, v. to shame, to be ashamed, S, W; shame, S2; ssame, S2; samie, S.

Schamylle, sb. stool, Cath.; shamel (= Lat. scabellum), H; schamel, Cath. (n); schambylle, macellum, Cath.; shambles, pl., Sh.—AS. scamel (Mt. 5. 35), scamol, sceamul (Voc.); Lat. scamellum; cp. OF. scamel (Ps. 109. 1), also Lat. scabellum, from stem scam- in scamnum. See NQ (5. 5. 261).

Schap, sb. shape, PP, C, W2; shap, S, C2; schapp, S2; schappe, PP; scheape, S; shappe, PP.—AS. (ge)sceap.

Schapen, v. to form, create, ordain, refl. to dispose oneself, endeavour, S, C, PP, S3; shape, PP; schop, pt. s., S, S2; shop, S; shoop, C2; scop, S; sop, S; schope, S2; shope, S2, H; schapen, pp., C; shapen, S, S2, C2; shape, C2; y-schape, S2; yshapen, C2; yshape, C3.—AS. sceapan, pt. scóp (scéop), pp. sceapen.

Schapien, v. to create, form; schepien, S; schapide, pt. s., W; shaped, pp., S. Cf. Scheppen.

Schaply, adj. fit, C.

Schaplynesse, sb. beauty, W2.

Scharp, adj. sharp; scharpe, S; scherpe, S; scærp, S; scharpe, adv., S; sharpe, C2.—AS. scearp.

Scharpin, v. to make sharp; scherpit, pt. s., S3.

Schaven, v. to shave, scrape, PP; schauyde, pt. s., W2; shauen, pp., S; schave, C; y-schaue, S2; y-shaue, C2; ischaven, S. Der.: shauing, a thin slice, C3.—AS. sceafan, pt. scóf, pp. scafen.

Schawe, sb. a shaw, wood, grove, S2, G, S3, HD, Cath.; schaw, WA, B; schowe, HD; shawes, pl., PP.—AS. scaga; cp. Icel. skógr.

Schawen, v. to shew, S, S2, S3; see Schewen.

Schawere, sb. a veil, S; scawere, mirror, S; sseawere, S2; schewere, WA.

Schawles, sb. scare-crow, an appearance, S; schewelles, ND; sewell, HD.—From the same root as G. scheuche. See Schey.

Sche, she, C; see Sheo.

Scheawen, v. to appear, S2; see Schewen.

Schede, sb. the parting of a man’s hair, Cath.; see Schode.

Scheden, v. to separate, to part the hair, to shed, pour, S, PP, W2; shædenn, S; sheden, PP; shode, HD; schedde, pt. s., PP; shedde, C2; shadde, C2; ssedde, S2; i-sched, pp., S; shad, S.—AS. scéadan, pt. scéod, pp. scéaden; cp. OHG. skeidan (Tatian), G. scheiten.

Scheef, sb. sheaf, Prompt.; shef, C; schof, Prompt.; scheffe, Prompt.; shæfess, pl., S.—AS. scéaf.

Scheep, sb. sheep, Prompt.; shep, S; schepe, Cath.; pl., S2; shep, S; sep, S.—AS. scéap.

Scheep, sb. shepherd, S2, PP; shepe, P; shep, PP; chep, PP, Notes (p. 458).—AS. *scéapa (scépa).

Scheld, sb. shield, S, C, W2; sheld, S; sseld, S2; scheeld, C; shel, S; scheelde, Prompt.—AS. scield, scyld.

Schelden, v. to shield, PP; schilden, S, G; shilden, C2; silden, S.

Schelder, sb. shielder, S2.

Scheltroun, sb. shelter, defence, a strong shield, also a body of troops, battalion, PP; scheltron, Prompt.; scheltrone, acies, Voc.; scheltrom, PP, S2; scheltrun, W2; shultrom, PP; schiltrum, B; childrome, B; jeltron, shield, shelter, SkD (s.v. shelter).—AS. scild-truma, a shield-troop (Leo); cp. AF. chiltron.

Schench, sb. draught of beer or wine, SD; senche, S; schenche, dat., S.—Icel. skenkr, the serving of drink.

Schenchen, v. to pour out beer or wine, to offer a good thing, S, CM; shenchen, S2; schenkyn, Prompt.—AS. scencan, to pour out drink (Grein); cp. OHG. scenken (Otfrid), Icel. skenkja; from AS. sceanc, shank, a hollow bone used for drawing off liquor. See SkD (s.v. nunchion).

Schenden, v. to harm, ruin, disgrace, PP, S, S2, W2, S3; shenden, PP, C2, H; scenden, S; ssende, S2; sende, S; shende, pt. s., S; schente, S; schent, pp., S, S2, C, W2, G; shent, PP, C2.—AS. scendan. See Schonde.

Schendful, adj. disgraceful, SD; schendfulliche, adv., PP; shendfulliche, PP.

Schendlac, sb. disgrace, S.

Schendschip, sb. disgrace, hurt, ruin; schenschip, W, W2; schenship, H; schenshepe, PP.

Schene, adj. bright, S, S2, S3, C; scene, S2; scheyn, S3; shene, C2, S3; sheene, S2, S3, C3; schenre, comp., S.—AS. scéne: OS. skóni; cp. OHG. scóni (Otfrid).

Scheome, sb. shame, S; see Schame.

Scheot, pr. s. shoots, S; see Scheten.

Schepieð, imp. pl. shape, S; see Schapien.

Schepne, sb. shed, stall, stable, C; schepyn, bostar, Voc.; shippen, HD; schyppune, Voc.; shepnes, pl., CM.—AS. scypen, ‘bovile’ (Voc.). Cf. Schoppe.

Scheppen, v. to create, form, SD; schupte, pt. s., S.—AS. sceppan, scyppan.

Scheppende, sb. creator; sceppende, S; sceppend, S; sceappend, S; sheppendes, pl., S.

Scheppere, sb. creator; schuppere, S; shepper, PP.—Cp. OHG. sceppheri (Otfrid), G. schöpfer.

Scherald, adj. cut by the plough-share, S3.

Scherde, sb. sherd, Prompt.

Schere, sb. shears, C; shere, C2, PP; særes, pl., S.

Schere, v. to shear, S3, S2; schæren, S; sheren, to reap, cut, S, C2; scorn, pp., S2; soren, S; y-schore, S2.—AS. sceran (scieran), pt. scear (pl. scéaron), pp. scoren.

Schere, adj. pure, bright, clear, SD; skere, adv., SD; sker, clean, entirely, S. Comb.: Shere Þursdai, the Thursday in Holy Week, S.—Icel. skærr; cp. skíri-þórsdagr, skír-dagr, names for Maundy Thursday. See Schyre.

Scherpit, pt. s. sharpened, S3; see Scharpin.

Scherreue, sb. sheriff, G; see under Schyre.

Scherte, sb. shirt, C, C2, PP, Voc.; sherte, PP; shurte, SkD; schyrt, Voc.; shirte, SkD.—Icel. skyrta.

Schete, sb. sheet, Prompt., P; shete, C3.—AS. scéte, for scýte, see SkD.

Scheten, v. to shoot, rush, S, W2, Prompt.; scheete, G; ssete, S2; schut, S2; schute, B; scheot, pr. s., S; schot, pt. s., S2, B; sscet, S2; shote, pp., S2; ishote, S; iscote, S; issote, S2.—AS. scéotan, pt. scéat (pl. scuton), pp. scoten.

Scheter, sb. shooter, SD; schetare, Prompt.; ssetar, S2.

Schethe, sb. sheath, W (Jo. 15. 11), Cath.; shethe, C2.—AS. scéað; cp. OHG. skeidâ (Tatian).

Schetten, v. to shut, C3, Prompt.; schitte, G, W2; schitte, pt. s., W; shette, G, P; pl., C2, C3; schet, pp., C, W; shet, C3; schit, W; ischet, G; y-schette, S2, C3.—AS. scyttan.

Schewen, v. to show, appear, S, PP, S3; scheawen, S2; scheauwen, S; schewi, S, S2; schaw, S2, S3, S; sceawen, S; sceu, S2; scawen, S; shewe, PP; shæwenn, S; sseawy, S2; seawen, S.—AS. scéawian, to see, also to make to see, shew: OS. skáwon, to look, see.

Schey, adj. timid, shy, Prompt.; sceouh, SkD.—AS. scéoh. Cf. Eschewen, Schawles.

Schide, sb. a splinter, WA.—AS. scíde; cp. G. scheit, see Kluge.

Schift, sb. shift, change; shift, Sh. Phr.: at a schift, on a sudden, in a moment, S2.

Schiften, v. to change, shift, to part asunder, to divide, to discern, SkD; schyftyn, Prompt.; shifte, C3; scyft, pr. s., S; shifte him, pt. s., removed himself, PP.—AS. sciftan (scyftan), to divide.

Schilden, v. to shield, S; see Schelden.

Schip, sb. ship, S; schup, S; scipen, dat., S; schupe, S; sipe, S; schupes, gen., S; schipes, pl., S; schippes, S; scipen, S; sipes, S; ssipes, S2. Comb.: schip-bord; phr.: on schipbord, on board a ship, S2; ship-breche, shipwreck, W; schip-man, shipman, C; shipman, C2; scipenmonnen, pl. dat., S; ssip-uol, shipful, S2; schupeward, shipward, S; ship-wracke, shipwreck, S3.—AS. scip.

Schirchen, v. to shriek, S; see Schrychen.

Schirmen, v. to skirmish, fence, S; skirmen, S; skyrmez, pr. s., glides swiftly on flapping wings, S2.—Cp. Du. schermen, to fence, from scherm, screen, protection, OHG. scirm, protection (Otfrid).

Schitte, v. to shut, G; see Schetten.

Scho, sb. shoe, W2; schoo, C, Prompt.; schon, pl., S2, S3; schone, S, W; schoon, S2, W, G; shoon, C2, W; shon, PP.—AS. scéoh, pl. scéos, gen. pl. scéona.

Scho, she, S3; see Sheo.

Schod, pp. shod, W, Prompt.; shodde, P.

Schode, sb. the parting of a man’s hair, the temple or top of the head, C; schood, CM.—AS. scáde, ‘vertex capilli’ (Grein); cp. G. scheitel. See Scheden.

Schoggyn, v. to shake, toss, Prompt.; schogs, pr. s., WA; schoggid, pp., W.

Scholde, pt. s. should, S, S2; scolde, S; sceolde, S; sholde, S, C2, C3; sculde, S; schulde, S; shulde, S, C2, C3; sulde, S; suld, S2; shuld, S2; solde, S; scholte, S; soul, H; soule, H; scholden, pl., S; scolden, S; ssolde, S2; suld, S2.—AS. scolde. See Schal.

Scholle, shall, S2; see Schal.

Schome, sb. shame, S; see Schame.

Schomelich, adj. shameful, S; see Schamelich.

Schon, pl. of Scho, q.v.

Schon, pt. s. shone, C, G; see Schynen.

Schonde, sb. disgrace, S; shonde, C2.—AS. scand (sceand), scond (OET).

Schonye, v. shun, P; see Schunien.

Schop, pt. s. created, S; see Schapen.

Schoppe, sb. shop, S2, Prompt., SkD. Cf. Schepne.

Schore, sb. a notch or line cut, a number, score, twenty, S2, PP; score, G, Prompt., PP.—AS. scor; cp. Icel. skor, an incision. See Scheren.

Schort, adj. short, Prompt.; schorte, S2; scort, S, S2.—AS. sceort; cp. OHG. scurz.

Schorteliche, adv. briefly, C.

Schorten, v. to make short, C, Prompt.

Schot, pt. s. rushed, S2; see Scheten.

Schouel, sb. shovel, Prompt.; showell, S3.—AS. scofl (Voc.).

Schowpe, sb. a hip, cornum, Cath. Comb.: schowpe-tre, the briar, Cath.; scope-tre, Cath. (n).

Schowre, sb. shower, Prompt.; schur, SD; shoures, pl., PP, C2; sures, S.—AS. scúr: Goth. skura.

Schowwyn, v. to shove, Prompt.; schowued, pp., S2.—AS. scofian.

Schowynge, sb. pushing, Prompt.; showuing, C3.

Schraf, pt. s. shrove, S3; see Schriuen.

Schrapen, v. to scrape, PP.—Icel. skrapa.

Schreden, v. to clothe, S; see Schrouden.

Schreden, v. to cut, Prompt.; shredde, pt. s., C2.—AS. scréadian.

Schredynge, sb. a cutting of herbs, Prompt.; schridyng, W2.

Schrenchen, v. to make to fall, to deceive, S; screnche, S; scrennkenn, S.—AS. (ge)screncan, ‘supplantare,’ Ps. 17. 40 (VP); cp. OHG. screnken (Otfrid).

Schrewe, adj. and sb. wicked, bad, a wicked one, sinner, peevish woman, the devil, G, W2, S2, P, S, CM; shrewe, C2, P; shrew, S3, H, S2, C3; screwe, PP. Cp. AS. scréawa, a shrew-mouse (Voc.).

Schrewen, v. to curse, CM, C.

Schrewid, adj. cursed, bad, W, W2.

Schrewidnesse, sb. wickedness, W2; shrewednesse, P.

Schrift, sb. shrift, confession, S2; scrift, S; schrifte, dat., S2; shrifte, S.—AS. scrift.

Schrifte, sb. confessor, S; shrifte, S; scrifte, S.

Schrippe, sb. scrip, bag, S2, PP; shrippe, PP; scrippe, S, S2, W; scryppe, Prompt.

Schriuen, v. to prescribe penance, to confess, S; schryue, S2; shriue, S; shrife, S2; schraf, pt. s., S2; schrof, PP; ssriue, pl., S2; shriuen, pp., S; shryuen, P; scriuen, S2; y-shryue, PP.—AS. scrífan, to prescribe penance, to receive confessions; Lat. scribere.

Schroud, sb. dress, garment, PP; scrud, S; shrud, S; srud, S; schroude, WA, S2; shroudes, pl., rough outer clothes, P.—AS. scrúd (Voc.).

Schrouden, v. to clothe; scruden, S; schruden, S; schreden, S; shrut, pr. s., S; scred, S; schrowdis, S3; schredde, pt. s.; S, CM; srid, S; schred, 2 pt. s., S2; schrudde, pl., S; y-schrowdyt, pp., S3; ischrud, S; iscrud, S.—AS. scrýdan, also scrédan.

Schrychen, v. to shriek, screech, Prompt.; schriken, SkD; scriken, SkD; shriken, SkD; schirchen, S; shryghte, pt. s., C2; schrighte, C; shryght, S3; shryched, pl., S3; schrykede, C.—Cp. Swed. skrika.

Schulde, should; see Scholde.

Schuldere, sb. shoulder, Voc., W, S, C; shulder, Voc.; ssoldren, pl., S2.—AS. sculdor.

Schulen, shall; see Schal.

Schulen, v. to squint, S; skoul, SkD (s.v. scowl).—Cp. Dan. skule, to scowl.

Schulle, adv. shrilly, S; see Schylle.

Schunchen, v. to cause to shun, to frighten, S.

Schunien, v. to shun, S; schonye, S; shonye, P; sunen, S.—AS. scúnian.

Schup, sb. ship, S; see Schip.

Schuppere, sb. creator, S; see Scheppere.

Schupte, pt. s. created, S; see Scheppen.

Schur, sb. shower; see Schowre.

Schurge, sb. scourge, S; see Scorge.

Schurten, v. reflex. to amuse (oneself), S.

Schut, v. to shoot, S2; see Scheten.

Schylle, adj. sonorous, shrill, Prompt., Cath.; schille, S, S2; schill, S3; schille, adv., S, S2; schulle, S; shulle, PP.

Schylly, adv. sharply, Prompt.

Schyllynge, sb. shilling, Prompt.; schilling, pl., S2; solidus, Cath.—AS. scilling.

Schyne, sb. shin, C; schynne, Prompt. Comb.: schyn-bone, Voc.—AS. scina (Voc.).

Schynen, v. to shine, Prompt.; sinen, S; schinen, S; ssynen, S2; scean, pt. s., S; schon, C, G; shoon, C2 schane, pl., S3, H; sinen, pp., S.—AS. scínan, pt. scán (pl. scinon), pp. scinen.

Schynyng, sb. lightning, W2.

Schynyngli, adv. splendidly, W.

Schyre, sb. a shire, PP; ssire, S2. Comb.: schir-reue, shire-reeve, sheriff, S, C; scherreue, G; schyreue, P; syrreue, S; schirreues, pl., S2, PP; shriues, S3; shireues, P.—AS. scír.

Schyre, adj. bright, clear, Prompt.; schire, S2; shire, H; shir, S; shyrest, superl., H. Der.: shyrnes, clearness, purity, H.—AS. scír; cp. Goth. skeirs. Cf. Schere.

Schytel, sb. shuttle, used for shooting the thread of the woof between the threads of the warp, SkD; schutylle, Cath.; schetyl, Prompt. (p. 470). Comb.: shyttel-cocke, shuttle-cock, S3. See Scheten.

Schyue, sb. a slice, small piece, Prompt.; shive, Sh., ND; sheeve, ND, JD; schyfes, bits of tow, Cath.—Cp. Icel. skífa.

Schyuere, sb. a shiver, piece of wood, slice, Prompt.; shiuer, SkD; scifren, pl., SkD; sciuren, SkD. See above.

Schyueren, v. to break into shivers, splinters, C.

Scipen, pl. ships, S; see Schip.

Scite, sb. city, S; see Citee.

Sclate, sb. slate, Prompt.; sklat, Prompt.; sclattis, pl., tegulae, W.—OF. esclat, a shiver, splinter, something broken off with violence (Cotg.), F. éclat.

Sclaundre, sb. scandal, slander, C2, PP; sclaunder, Prompt.; sklaundre, PP; slaunder, Prompt.—AF. esclaundre, OF. escandle; Lat. scandalum (Vulg.); Gr. σκάνδαλον.

Sclaundre, v. to scandalize, to slander, W, C3; slaunderyd, pp., Prompt.

Sclauyne, sb. pilgrim’s cloak, S, Cath. (n); slaveyne, a garment, Prompt., HD; slavyn, Cath.; sklavyn, HD; sclauayn, Voc.; sclavene, Voc.; slaueyn, PP.—Low Lat. sclavina, a long garment like that worn in Slavonic countries (Ducange); cp. AF. esclavine; from the people called Slav, a name said to be connected with Russ. slovo, a word, and to mean ‘the speaking, the intelligible.’ See SkD (p. 828).

Sclender, adj. slender, C, SkD; sklendre, C, C2; slendyr, Prompt.—OF. esclendre (Palsg.); of Teutonic origin; cp. ODu. slinder; see BH, § 50.

Scleyre, sb. veil, PP; see Sklayre.

Sco, she, S; see Sheo.

Scolden, should; see Scholde.

Scole, sb. the bowl of a balance, a bowl, Prompt.; scoale, S; scale, Cath.—Icel. skál, a bowl.

Scole, sb. school, S, C, C2, Prompt. Comb.: scol-meistre, schoolmistress, S (meistre; OF. meistre; Lat. magistra, see BH).—Lat. schola; Gr. σχολή, leisure.

Scoler, sb. scholar, C.

Scoleye, v. to attend school, to study, C.

Scop, pt. s. made, S; see Schapen.

Scorclen, v. to scorch, SkD (p. 826); scorkelyn, Prompt.; scorklyd, pp., Prompt.

Scorcnen, v. to scorch, S.

Scorge, sb. scourge, Prompt.; scourge, W (Jo. 2. 15); schurge, S.—AF. escorge, OF. escurge; cp. It. scoreggia (Florio); Lat. ex + corrigia, a thong, rein, girdle (Ducange), see Diez, p. 109. Derived from this Lat. corrigia is AF. escurgie, OF. escourgee (Cotg.): It. scoreggiáta (Florio); Late Lat. excorrigiata, see Diez, p. 289, and Brachet.

Scorn, pp. shorn, S2; see Schere.

Scoute, sb. scout, spy, SkD.—OF. escoute (Cotg.).

Scouten, v. to scout, pry; skowtez, pr. s., S2.—AF. escouter, to listen; OF. ascouter, escolter; Lat. auscultare.

Scowkyng, sb. sculking, ambush, S2, B.—Cp. Dan. skulke, to slink.

Scred, pr. s. clothes, S; see Schrouden.

Scrippe, sb. scrip, bag, S, S2, W; see Schrippe.

Scriptour, sb. pencase, S3.—OF. escriptoire, a penner (Cotg.); Late Lat. scriptorium, pencase (Ducange).

Scrit, sb. writing, document, S2; scrip, Sh.; script, SkD.—OF. escrit, escript; Lat. scriptum.

Scrud, sb. dress, S; see Schroud.

Scruden, v. to clothe, S; see Schrouden.

Sculde, should; see Scholde.

Sculptilis, sb. pl. idols, W2.—Lat. sculptile, a carved image (Vulg.).

Se, pron. dem. m. and def. art. m. that, the, S. Comb.: se þe, that man that, he who, S; se þet, he that, S.—AS. se. Cf. Seo.

Se, so, as, S; see Swa.

Se, sb. sea; see See.

Se, sb. see; see See.

Sead, adj. satiated, S; see Sad.

Sealte, sb. dat. salt, S2; see Salt.

Sealte, adj. salt, S2; see Salt.

Searce, Searse; see Sarce, sb. and v.

Seare, adj. sere, S3; see Seere.

Seawede, pt. s. showed, S; see Schewen.

Sechen, v. to seek, S, S2, C, PP; sekyn, Prompt.; seke, PP, S, S2; schechen, S; sohte, pt. s., S, S2; soȝte, S; soȝt, S2; soght, pl., S2; socht, S3; y-soht, pp., S2. Phr.: to seke, at a loss, S3.—AS. sécan (pt. sóhte, pp. gesóht): OS. sókian.

Seck, sb. sack, S; see Sak.

Secre, adj. secret, S2, C, C3; secree, C2. Comb.: Secre of Secrees, Secreta Secretorum (name of a book), C3.—OF. secre; Lat. secretum.

Secrely, adv. secretly, C2.

Secrenesse, sb. secrecy, C3.

Secte, sb. a suite, following, sect, religion, suit, apparel, PP, C2.—OF. secte (Cotg.); Late Lat. secta, a set of people, a following, a suit of clothes, a suit in law; Lat. secta, a faction, from sec- base of sequi, to follow.

Sectour, sb. executor of a will, PP, S3, Cath.; secatour, HD; secture, HD; seketowre, Prompt.; secutour, PP.—AF. executour; Lat. executorem, executor of a will.

Sed, sb. seed, PP, S, S2; seed, PP; seod, PP; seð, S. Comb.: seed-leep, seed-basket, PP.—AS. sǽd: Goth. sēps; cp. OHG. sát (Tatian); see Brugmann, § 75.

Sede, pt. s. said; see Seggen.

See, sb. see, seat, S3, C2, PP; se, S3, PP.—OF. se, sed; Lat. sedem.

See, sb. sea, Prompt., S, C2; se, S, S2; sey, S3; sæ, S; sa, S; sees, pl., S2. Comb.: se-bare, sea-wave, surge, S2; se-calues, sea-calves, seals, S2; se-halues, sea-coasts, S2.—AS. sǽ: Goth. saiws.

Seek, adj. sick, C; see Sek.

Seel, sb. seal, C3, P, Prompt.; sehel, PP.—OF. sëel; Lat. sigillum.

Seeled, pp. cieled, WW (s.v. cieled); see Ceelen.

Seelen, v. to seal, PP; selen, P; seled, pp., C3.

Seeling, sb. a sealing, W2.

Seere, adj. sere, dry, withered, SkD, Prompt.; seare, S3.—AS. *séar; cp. Low G. soor, dry.

Seeryn, v. to become dry, Prompt.—AS. séarian. Cf. Soyr.

Seet, pt. s. sat, C, G; see Sitten.

Seet, sb. seat, G; see Sete.

Seeth, pt. s. boiled, C2; see Sethen.

Seg, sb. a man, lad, nuncius, vir, S2, PP; segge, P, WA, HD; sege, HD.—AS. secg: OTeut. *sagjoz, see Sievers, 130.

Sege, sb. seat, siege, S3, W, C, C2, Prompt.; segys, pl., H.—AF. sege; Late Lat. *sedicum, from Lat. sedes; see BH, § 133. See See.

Segen on, v. to make to sink, to cast down, S.—AS. on-sǽgan, ‘prosternere’ (Grein).

Segge, sb. sedge, S, Prompt., Voc.—AS. secg, sedge, also sword, see Sievers, 258.

Seggen, v. to say, S, S2, S3, P; segen, S; sægen, S; seigen, S; siggen, S, S2; sygge, S2, S3; sayn, S2, C; zigge, S2; seien, S; seie, S3, C; sei, P; sæin, S; seyen, S; seyn, S2, C2; seȝen, S; seiȝ, S2; zay, S2; sehð, pr. s., S; seiþ, S2; seyþ, S2; zayþ, S2; seistow, sayest thou, C3; seien, pr. pl., S2; sæde, pt. s., S; sade, S; sede, S, S2; sæide, S; sayde, C2; seyde, C2; seide, S2, C; seidestow, saidst thou, S2; sugge, 2 pr. s. subj., S; ȝe-sed, pp., S; i-said, S; i-segd, S; i-seid, S; ised, S, S2; seyd, C2; yzed, S2; iset, S; iseit, S (3 b. 14); seyne, gerund., C2.—AS. secgan, pt. sǽde, pp. gesǽd.

Sehte, adj. reconciled, S; see Saht.

Sehtnesse, sb. peace, reconciliation, S; see Sahtnesse.

Sei, Seih, saw; see Seon.

Seily, adj. simple, humble, S3; see Sely.

Sein, pp. seen; see Seon.

Seint, adj. and sb. holy, saint, S, S2, C2; seynt, PP; sein, S, S2; seintes, pl., C2; seyntis, W2.—OF. seint, saint; Lat. sanctum. Cf. Sant.

Seintuarie, sb. sanctuary, SD; seyntewarie, PP; sayntuaryes, pl., holy things, relics of saints, S3.—AF. saintuarie, also seintuarye, holy relics; Lat. sanctuarium.

Seir, adj. separate, S3; see Ser.

Seirse, v. to search; seirsand, pr. p., S3. See Cerchen.

Seise, v. to seize, possess, SkD; sese, PP, B; seised, pp., possessed of, S2.—OF. seisir, sesir, sazir, to put in possession; Low Lat. sacire (Ducange); OHG. sazjan, to set, sezzan (Tatian); see Brachet (s.v. saisir).

Seisine, sb. possession, S2; seysyne, SkD.—AF. seisine.

Sek, sb. sack, S2; see Sak.

Sek, adj. sick, S, S2; seek, PP, C; sik, S, G; syk, G; sic, S; seke, S; sike, S, C; zyke, S2; sijke, W; sikly, adv., with ill-will, C2.—AS. séoc: Goth. siuks.

Seke, v. to seek, S, S2; see Sechen.

Sekir, adj. sure, WA; see Siker.

Seknesse, sb. sickness, S2, C; secnesse, S; siknesse, C2; sykenesse, P; sekenesse, S2.—AS. séocnes.

Sel, sb. happiness, occasion, time, S; seel, Prompt.; sele, S2.—AS. sǽl.

Sel, adj. timely, good, S.—AS. sél (Grein): Goth. sels.

Selde, adj. pl. few, C2; adv., seldom, S, S2, C, C2, G, PP; selden, S2, P; seldene, S2; seldum, S. Comb.: seld-hwonne, seldom, S; seld-sene, rarely seen, SD; seld-speche, taciturnity, SD.—AS. seld; see Sweet.

Self, pron. self, ipse, S; seolf, S; silf, W; selue, S; sulf, S, S2; sulve, S, S2; zelue, S2; seolue, acc., S; seoluen, pl., S; sielfe, S; sulf, S.—AS. self.

Selke, sb. silk, P; silke, P; seolke, S.—AS. seolc (Voc.); Russ. sholk; Lat. sericum; cp. Icel. silki; see SkD (p. 828).

Selkouth, adj. and sb. wonderful, a wonder, S2, H, PP; selcouth, S2, S3, PP; selcuth, S, S2, WA; selkow, Prompt.—AS. seld-cúð.

Selkouth, v. to make wonderful, H.

Selle, sb. cell, C, P; see Celle.

Sellen, v. to give, sell, Prompt., C; sullen, S, S2; sylle, S2; selde, pt. s., W; seelde, W; sald, S2; seeld, pp., W, W2; seld, W; sald, S2.—AS. sellan (syllan): OS. sellian: Goth. saljan.

Seller, sb. seller, dealer, PP; suller, S2; siller, W2.

Seller, sb. cellar, G; seler, W2; see Celer.

Sellich, adj. wonderful, illustrious, S; sellic, S; seollich, S; sulliche, adv., S; selli, S2.—AS. sellic: OS. seldlik; cp. Goth. sildalciks.

Selðe, sb. happiness, advantage, HD; selhðe, S.—AS. (ge)sǽlð. See Sel.

Selure, sb. canopy, ceiling, S3; seloure, HD; selour, EETS (78); celure, EETS (78); silour, EETS (78); sylure, celatura, Prompt.; silloure, WA; syllure, MD.—OF. *celeüre; Late Lat. caelatura (Ducange).

Seluer, sb. silver, S, S2; see Siluer.

Sely, adj. happy, blessed, simple, humble, S2, S3, C, C2, C3; seely, S3; seilye, S3; seli, S.—AS. sǽlig: OHG. sálig (Tatian).

Selyn, v. to line the inner roof of a room, Prompt. See Ceelen.

Semblable, adj. like, S3, PP.—OF. semblable.

Semblably, adv. similarly, S3.

Semblance, sb. appearance, S2.—AF. semblance.

Sembland, adj. like, PP.

Semblant, sb. appearance, countenance, S, S2, C2; semblaunt, S, W, PP; sembland, S2.—AF. semblant.

Semble, v. to seem; sembeles, pr. s., S2.—OF. sembler; Lat. simulare.

Semble, v. to assemble, PP; sembled, pt. s., S2; semblyt, S3; semblyde, pl., S3.—OF. asembler; Late Lat. assimulare.

Semble, sb. assembly, S2, PP; semblee, S2.—AF. assemble, assemblee.

Seme, sb. load, S, P; seem, Prompt., P.—AS. séam: Low Lat. sauma (salma), sagma; Gr. σάγμα, a pack-saddle; see ZRP (2. 537), cp. Kluge (s.v. saum).

Semen, v. to load, to be a weight, S.—AS. séman, from séam; see above.

Semen, v. to make two parties the same, to conciliate, hence to suit, to appear suitable or seemly, later, to seem, S; seme, S2; seme, to reconcile, S; semet, pr. s., seems fitting, S. Phr.: to my seminge, as it appears to me, C2.—AS. séman, ge-séman. See Some.

Semi-, adj. half. Comb.: semy-cope, a short cope, C.

Semliche, adj. seemly, S2; semeliche, PP; semely, C, C2, WA; semlike, S; semly, S2; semeli, W2; semlokest, superl., S2.—AS. *sémelic; cp. Icel. sæmiligr.

Sen, afterwards, since, H, S2, S3, WA; see Siððen.

Sen, seven, H; see Seuen.

Sen, pp. seen; see Seon.

Sence, sb. incense; see Sens.

Senche, sb. draught, S; see Schench.

Senchen, v. to cause to sink; senchtest, 2 pt. s., S.—AS. sencan, causal of sincan. See Sinken.

Cross-reference could not be located.

Sendal, sb. a fine stuff, C; sendel, H; see Cendal.

Senden, v. to send, S; sende, S2; send, pr. s., S; sent, S, S2, C2; zent, S2; sendes, S; sent, imp. s., S2; sende, pt. s., S, S2; send, S3; pl., S2; senten, S2; send, pp., S; y-sent, S2, C3; i-sent, S; i-send, S; i-sende, S.—AS. sendan: OS. sendian: Goth. sandjan.

Senden, are; see Sinden.

Senden, v. to reproach, S; see Schenden.

Sene, adj. evident, S, S2, C2.—AS. (ge)sýne.

Sene, pp. provided. Phr.: well sene, well furnished, S3, HD. See Seon.

Seneuey, sb. mustard, W; seneueye, W; seneuei, W.—OF. senevé, mustard (Cotg.); an adjectival form from senve; Lat. sinapi (Vulg.); Gr. σίναπι; see Brachet (s.v. sanve).

Seneȝen, v. to sin; see Sunegen.

Senged, pp. sun-burnt, S3 (p. 364, l. 29); see Sengin.

Sengin, v. to singe, burn on the surface; seengyn, Prompt.; seynd, pp., C; seynkt, Prompt.; sengt, Prompt.—AS. sengan (in be-sengan), causal of singan, to sing.

Senne, sb. sin, S; see Sunne.

Sens, since, S3; see Siððen.

Sens, sb. incense, S3; sence, Prompt., Cath.; sense, PP.—AF. ensens, encens; Lat. incensum, lit. what is burned (Vulg.).

Sensing, sb. use of incense, S3; sencynge, Prompt.

Sentence, sb. sense, meaning, opinion, matter of a story, verdict, C, C2, C3; sentens, PP.—AF. sentence; Lat. sententia.

Seofe, seven, S; see Seuen.

Seolf, self, S; see Self.

Seolke, sb. silk, S; see Selke.

Seollich, adj. wonderful, S; see Sellich.

Seoluer, sb. silver, S; see Siluer.

Seon, v. to see, S, PP; seo, S, S2; seen, S; sen, S; se, S2, W2; imp. s., S; pl., W; see, may (God) see, S2; sest, 2 pr. s., S; sist, S, S2; sixt, S2; seð, pr. s., S; seoþ, pl., S2; seð, S2, P; sei, 2 pt. s., S2; sæh, pt. s., S; seh, S, S2; sih, S2; siȝ, S2, W; syȝ, S2; sye, S3; sy, C3; seȝ, S, S2; sey, S2, C2, G; seiȝ, S2, S3; seigh, C; seih, G; seyh, G; sag, S; sagh, S2; saugh, S3, C, G; saȝ, S; sauȝ, S; sawh, S2; say, S2, S3, C, W, G; sayȝ, S2; saye, W; saie, W; saiȝ, W; sawȝ, W; sihen, pl., S2; syȝen, S2; seien, W; seiȝen, W; seen, W; siȝen, W; sien, W; syen, W; saien, W; sayn, W; saye, W; seye, S2; seand, pr. p., S3; seynge, W2; seyn, pp., S2, C, W; seȝen, S2; sein, S2; sen, S; seie, S2; sien, W2; siȝ, W; say, W; y-seiȝen, PP; y-sein, PP; seen, ger., S3; zyenne, S2.—AS. séon, pt. seah (pl. sáwon, sǽgon), pp. sewen (sawen), also ge-segen. AS. séon (for *sehwon): Goth. saihwan; cp. Lat. sequ-or, I follow; see Brugmann, § 419.

Seoð, are, S; see Sinden.

Seouen, seven, S; see Seuen.

Seowen, v. to sew, S; see Sewen.

Sep, pl. sheep, S; see Scheep.

Septemtrioun, sb. the North, C2.—OF. septentrion; Late Lat. septentrionem (Voc.); from Lat. septemtriones, a name for the constellation of the Great Bear.

Sepulture, sb. tomb, S3, C3; sepultures, pl., burials, S3.—AF. sepulture; Lat. sepultura.

Ser, adj. separate, several, different, various, S2, B; sere, S2, H, WA; seir, S3, B. Der.: sernes, variety, H; sernessis, pl., H; sernesis, H; serelepy, separate, WA; serelepes, separately, PP.—Cp. usages of Icel. sér, to himself, used in many compounds, as sér-liga, apart, particularly.

Sercle, sb. circle, W2; see Cercle.

Serewe, sb. sorrow, S; see Sorwe.

Serge, sb. a taper, Cath.; see Cerge.

Sergeant, sb. servant, serjeant, C, C2, C3; seriaunt, P; serganȝ, pl., S; seriauntes, S2; seriauntz, P; seriauns, S2, PP.—AF. serjant; Lat. seruientem; see BH, § 162.

Serk, sb. sark, shirt, PP, S, S3, G; sark, S3; serke, P.—Icel. serkr.

Sermone, v. to preach, speak, C3.

Sermonyng, sb. preaching, C.

Sermoun, sb. sermon, writing, C2; sarmoun, P.—AF. sermoun; Lat. sermonem.

Sertes, adv. certainly, S2; see Certes.

Seruage, sb. servitude, thraldrom, S2, C, C2, C3, W, Prompt.—OF. servage.

Seruin, v. to serve, to deserve, S, S2; sarui, S; serue, H, PP; serwis, 2 pr. s., S3; serwit, pt. s., S3; y-served, pp., C, P; i-serued, S.—AF. servir; Lat. seruire.

Seruisable, adj. serviceable, C3.

Seruise, sb. service, S; seruyse, C2.—OF. servise; Lat. seruitium; see BH, § 129.

Seruitute, sb. servitude, C2.—OF. servitute; Lat. seruitutem; see Constans.

Serwe, sb. sorrow, S; see Sorwe.

Serwish, adj. imperiosus, Manip.

Serye, sb. series, C, CM.—Lat. seriem.

Seryows, adj. ‘sad and feythefulle,’ Prompt.; seriouse, seriosus, Manip.; seryouse, earnest, Palsg.—Late Lat. seriosus; from Lat. serius, grave, earnest.

Seryowsly, adv. seriously; ceriously, minutely, with full details, S2, C3.—Late Lat. seriose, ‘fuse, minutatim’ (Ducange).

Sese, v. to seize; see Seise.

Sesoun, sb. season, C3; cesoun, W2.—AF. seson, OF. saison; Lat. sationem, a sowing.

Set, pt. s. sat, S; see Sitten.

Sete, sb. seat, Cath., S, C2, PP; seet, G.—AS. seto, seotu (OET).

Sete, adj. suitable, H (p. xxv).—Icel. sætt, endurable, from sitja, to sit.

Setel, sb. seat, SD; seotel, S; settle, S. Comb.: setel-gang, sunset, S2.—AS. setl; cp. Goth. sitls.

Seterday, Saturday, P; see Satern.

Seð, sb. seed, S; see Sed.

Sethen, v. to seethe, Prompt.; seeth, pt. s., seethed, boiled, C2; y-sode, pp., S2.—AS. séoðan, pt. s., séað, pp. soden. Cf. Swiðen.

Seððen, afterwards, since, S, S2, G; seðen, S, S2; seþþe, S2; see Siððen.

Setlen, v. to cause to rest, also to sink to rest, subside, settle, SkD; sattel, S2, S3, SkD; satelyn, Prompt.; saȝtled, pt. s., S2 [see SkD s.v. settle].—AS. setlan, to fix, settle (Grein).

Setnesse, sb. an appointed order, institute, SD.—AS. (ge)setnis. Cf. Asetnesse.

Sette, sb. a young plant, a shoot; settys, pl., S3.

Setten, v. to set, place, appoint, S; sett, to set, watch game, S2; setis, pr. s., S; settes, 2 pr. s., S2; sette, pt. s., S, S2, S3; zette, S2; sætte, S; set, 2 pt. s., S2; settide, pt. s., W; settiden, pl., W; sette, G; settand, pr. p., S2; set, pp., S; i-set, S, S2; i-sett, S; i-sette, S; y-set, S2, S3, C2, C3.—AS. settan: Goth. satjan, to cause to sit; see Douse, p. 113. See Sitten.

Seurte, sb. surety, C; see Surety.

Seuen, num. seven, PP; seue, PP, S; seouen, S; seove, S; seofe, S; seuene, PP; seouene, S; sen, H; zeue, S2; seofen, S.—AS. seofon; cp. Goth. sibun, Lat. septem, Gr. ἑπτά. For the Goth. termination -un, see Brugmann, §§ 223, 224.

Seuend, num. ord. seventh, S2.

Seue-niht, sb. sennight, week, S; souenyht, S.

Seuen-tene, num. seventeen, Prompt.; sewintine, S3.

Seueþe, num. ord. seventh, S2, PP; seoueðe, S; soueþe, S; seofeþe, S.

Sew, pt. s. sowed, H; see Sowen.

Sewane, sb. savin (a herb), S3. See Saueine.

Sewe, sb. juice, broth, gravy, delicacy, C2, Cath., HD; sew, HD; sæw, S.—AS. séaw.

Sewen, v. to sew, suere, W2; seowen, S; sewide, pt. s., W2; y-sewed, pp., S3.—AS. siwian: Goth. siujan; see Brugmann, § 120.

Sewen, v. to follow, PP, C, S2. Der.: sewyngly, in order, S2. See Suen.

Sewen, v. Phr.: to sewe at ye mete, deponere, apponere, to set upon the table, Cath., Prompt. See below.

Sewer, sb. bearer of dishes, dapifer, S2, Voc.; seware, Prompt.; asseour, NED; assewer, NED.—AF. assëour, he who sets the table (Ducange); from OF. assëoir, to set, to place; Late Lat. adsedēre.

Sewintene, seventeen, S3; see Seuen-tene.

Sexe, six, S; see Sixe.

Sexte, sixth; see Sixte.

Sexteyn, sb. sacristan, sexton, C2; see Sacristane.

Seych, sb. sigh, S3; see Syke.

Seyed, pp. passed, lit. swayed, S2; see Sweyen.

Seyen, v. to say; see Seggen.

Seyl, sb. sail, Prompt., S, C; seil, S; seiies, pl., S2; seales, S3.—AS. segl.

Seylen, v. to sail, Prompt.; sayle, C2; saland, pr. p., S3.—AS. (ge)seglian.

Seyn, pp. seen; see Seon.

Seynen, v. to make a sign, esp. the sign of the cross, PP; saine, to bless, HD; seyned, pt. s., P; sanyt, S2.—OF. seigner (Bartsch); Lat. signare.

Seynd, pp. singed, C; see Sengin.

Seynt, sb. girdle, C; see Ceinte.

Seȝen, v. to say, S; see Seggen.

Sh-. For many words beginning with these letters, see Sch-.

Shadde, pt. s. shed, poured, C2; see Scheden.

Shæd, sb. discretion, S.—AS. (ge)scéad. See Scheden.

Shæfess, pl. sheaves, S; see Scheef.

Shæwen, v. to shew, S; see Schewen.

Sheeuering, pr. p. shivering, S3; see Chiueren.

Sheo, pron. dem., def. art., pron. pers. f., illa, that, the, she, PP; scheo, SD; scho, S3, PP; sho, S, H; sco, S2; seo, S; sche, C, PP; che, S2; si, S; scæ, S. Comb.: zi þet, she that, SD (s.v. se).—AS. séo; cp. OHG. siu (Tatian).

Sherch, v. to search, S3; see Cerchen.

Sho, she, S; see Sheo.

Shode; see under Scheden.

Shriues, pl. sheriffs, S2; see under Schyre.

Si, she, S; see Sheo.

Si, let there be, S; see Sinden.

Sibbe, sb. and adj. peace, relationship, affinis, related, SD, S, P; sybbe, Prompt.; sib, S; syb, P. Comb.: sib-man, ‘affinis,’ HD; sib-nesse, affinity, SD; sib-reden, relationship, SD; sibrede, HD; sybrede, banns of matrimony, Prompt.; cybrede, Prompt.; sib-sum, peaceable, SD; sib-sumnesse, friendship, SD.—AS. sib(b), peace, relationship: Goth. sibja; cp. OHG. sibba, peace (Tatian), relationship (Otfrid). See Sievers, 257.

Sic, adj. sick, S; see Sek.

Sicer, sb. strong drink, C2; siser, C2 (n); ciser, C2 (n), MD.—Low Lat. sicera (Vulg.); Gr. σίκερα (LXX); Heb. shēkar (Deut. 29. 6). Cf. Sidir.

Siche, adj. such, W; see Swyche.

Sicht, pt. s. sighed, S3; see Syken.

Siclatoun, sb. a costly silk texture, CM; sicladoun, CM; see Ciclatun.

Sidir, sb. strong drink, cider, S3, W, MD; sidur, W2; sider, MD; sydyr, Prompt.; sedyr, Prompt.; cyder, C2 (n); cedyr, Prompt.; syther, Cath., S2; sythir, C2 (n).—OF. sidre (cidre), sisdre; Low Lat. sicera (Voc.); Gr. σίκερα (Luke 1. 15); cp. Sp. sidra (Deut. 29. 6). See Sicer.

Sigaldren, sb. pl. sorceries, S.—Icel. seið-galdr, enchantment by spells. See Grimm, Teut. M. pp. 1035-1043.

Sigaldrie, sb. enchantment, SD; sigaldry, HD.

Sigaldrien, v. to bewitch; sygaldryd, pt. s., HD.

Siggen, v. to say; see Seggen.

Sighte, sb. sight, providence, appearance, PP, C; sihðe, S; syhte, S; syȝt, S2; zygþe, S2; zyȝþe, S2; sihte, S; siȝte, S.—AS. (ge)sihð (gesiht).

Signe, sb. sign, portent, PP; see Syng.

Signefiance, sb. meaning, S.—OF. signefiance.

Signefien, v. to signify, mean, S.—AF. signefier.

Sihen, pt. pl. saw, S2; see Seon.

Sik, adj. sick, S; see Sek.

Sike, adj. such, S3; see Swyche.

Siker, adj. secure, sure, trusty, S, S2, C3, P; sikir, W; sekir, B; zykere, S2; zikere, S2; syker, S3, P; adv., truly, S3; sikerer, comp., S3, C; sikerere, P; sikerest, superl., S2. Comb.: sikerhede, security, SD; sikerlec, surety, pledge, SD; sikerliche, surely, certainly, S; sykerlych, S2; sikerlike, S; sikerly, S3, C, C2, P; sykerly, H; sekirly, B; sikernesse, security, S, S2, C2, C3; sicernesse, S; sykernes, S2; sikirnesse, W; sykirnes, H; sekirnes, B.—OS. sikor; Late Lat. sĕcurus (with accent on the first syllable); cp. OHG. sichor (Otfrid). Cf. Sure.

Siknesse, sb. sickness, C2; see Seknesse.

Sikul, sb. sickle, P; sykel, PP; sykyl, Prompt.—AS. sicel (Voc.); Lat. secula.

Silc, adj. such, S2; see Swyche.

Silden, v. to shield, S; see Schelden.

Silke, sb. silk, P; see Selke.

Silour; see Selure.

Siluer, sb. silver, S, C3; seoluer, S; suluer, S2; seluer, S, S2; siluere, dat., S; selure, S.—OMerc. sylfur, AS. silfor (seolfor): OS. silubar, Goth. silubr; see Sievers, 107.

Simle, adv. ever, for ever, S.—AS. simle (symle) for simble: OS. simbla; cp. OHG. simbulum (Tatian).

Sinden, pr. pl. are; sinndenn, S; senden, S; seoð, S; si, pr. s. subj., let (there) be, S; seon, subj. pl., may be, S.—AS. syndun, pr. pl., sí, pr. s. subj., síen, pl., see Sievers, 427.

Sinegen, v. to sin, S; see Sunegen.

Sinen, pp. shone, S; see Schynen.

Sinne, sb. sin, S; see Sunne.

Siouns, sb. pl. branches, W2; see Syon.

Sipes, pl. ships, S; see Schip.

Si-quar; see under Sið.

Sire, sb. a prince, king, lord, father, master, a term used in addressing knights, kings, S, S2, P, G; syr, Prompt.—AF. sire (for *se’ior); Lat. senior, older; so F. pire; Lat. peior, worse.

Sis, six, C2; see Sixe.

Siser, sb. strong drink; see Sicer.

Sisour, sb. juror, PP; sysour, P; see Asisour.

Sisoure, sb. a person deputed to hold assizes, juryman, P, S2, G; sisour, PP; sysour, PP.—Low Lat. assisorem (Ducange), from OF. a(s)sise, a sitting down, also a settlement, pp. fem. of aseeir; Lat. assidēre, to sit at.

Sist, seest; see Seon.

Siste, sixth, S; see Sixte.

Sistren, pl. sisters, C; see Suster.

Site, sb. grief, S2; syte, WA, HD.—Icel. sút; AS. suht; cp. OHG. suht (Otfrid), Goth. sauhts, sickness.

Siten, v. to grieve, S2. See above.

Sið, sb. time, SD; siðe, dat., S; sith, pl., H; syth, H; siðe, C, S2, PP; sythe, H, C2, C3; sythes, S2, PP; sithis, W, S3; sithes, PP; zyþe, S2; ziþe, S2 (9. 72). Comb.: oft-sith (= Lat. sæpe), H; si-quar (for sið-quar), time when, S2.—AS. síð, journey, turn, time: Goth. sinths; cp. OHG. sind, ‘via’ (Otfrid), Icel. sinn.

Siððen, adv. and conj. afterwards, since, S, C, G; siþþe, S2, S3; siðen, S, S3, C; siðe, S, S3; sith, S2, S3, G; seoððan, S; seoððen, S; seoððe, S; seððen, S, S2, G; seðen, S, S2; seðe, S; syth, S3, C; seþþe, S2; suþþe, S, S2; syþþen, S2; sythen, S2, S3; sen, H, S2, S3; syn, S2, S3; syne, S2, S3; sens, S3.—AS. síððan.

Sitten, v. to sit, cost, befit, S, P; sytte, PP, S3; zitte, S2; sit, pr. s., C, S2, G, PP; sitt, PP; sits, S3; set, pt. s., S; seet, C, G; sæt, S; setten, pl., S; sete, S, G; seten, C2, W; seeten, C; saten, G; seten, pp., S, C; syttyn, S2.—AS. sittan, pt. sæt (pl. sǽton), pp. seten.

Sixe, num. six, S, PP; sexe, S; sax, S3; sis, C2; sys, C2.—AS. six.

Sixt, seest; see Seon.

Sixte, ord. sixth, S; syxte, PP; sexte, S, S2; sæxte, S; siste, S.—AS. sixta.

Siȝe, sb. victory, SD; si, SD; sy, S.—AS. sige: Goth. sigis; cp. OHG. sig (Tatian).

Siȝe-craft, sb. magic art, SD. See Sigaldren.

Siȝede, pt. s. sighed, S3; see Syken.

Siȝen, pt. pl. saw; see Seon.

Skaffaut, sb. an engine of war used by besiegers, CM; scafalde, procestrium, Cath.; scafold, stage, Prompt., SkD; scaffould, theatrum, scena, Manip.; schaffalde, stage, Cath. (n); skaffold, Cath. (n).—OF. escafaut (eschafaut); cp. OF. chafaut (chaffaut), Low Lat. chaafallum, chaufaudus, a wooden tower used against besiegers; cp. also It. catafalco. The origin of this word of various forms is absolutely unknown.

Skaith, sb. harm, S3; see Scaðe.

Skalk, sb. scalp, H; skalke, H; skalkys, pl., H.

Skalle, sb. scabbiness on the head, scall, SkD.

Skalled, adj. scabby, C.

Skalp, sb. scalp, H (Ps. 7. 17); scalp, SkD.

Skarrit, 1 pt. s. was scared, S3; see Skerren.

Skathe, sb. harm, C, G; skath, H; see Scaðe.

Skeet, adj. swift; adv. soon, quickly, G; skete, HD; sket, S, HD.—Icel. skjótr, swift; adv. skjótt.

Skele, sb. reason, S2; see Skyl.

Skenten, v. to amuse, SD.—Icel. skemta, to amuse, to shorten, from skamr, short.

Skentinge, sb. amusement, S, SD.

Sker, adv. clean, entirely, S; see Schere.

Skerren, v. to scare, frighten, to be frightened, SD; skeren, Prompt.; scarren, SD; skarrit, 1 pt. s., S3; skerrit, SD.—Icel. skirra, to prevent, reflex. to shrink from.

Skewe, sb. sky, S2; see Skye.

Skey, adj. shy (as a horse), Prompt.; see Schey.

Skeymowse, adj. disdainful, scornful, abhominativus, Prompt.; queymows, Prompt.; sweymows, Prompt.; squaymous, CM; squeamous, CM; squaymose, verecundus, Cath.; skoymus, disdainful, Cath. (n); squeamish, coy, precise (of a young girl), Cotg. (s.v. sucrée); fastidious, Baret.

Skil, sb. reason, H; see Skyl.

Skilwise, adj. reasonable, discreet, H; scilwis, H; skilwisly, adv., H.

Skinden, v. to hasten, S.—Icel. skynda, skunda; cp. AS. scyndan.

Sklayre, sb. a veil, P; scleyre, PP; skleire, PP; skleir, PP.—Cp. G. schleier, Du. sluijer.

Sklither, adj. slippery (= Lat. lubricus), H; cf. Slider.

Sklythirynge, sb. liability to fall, H.

Skowtez, pr. s. pries, looks, S2; see Scouten.

Skye, sb. cloud, sky, Prompt.; skewe, S2; skwe, S2; schew, WA; skyes, pl., PP.—Icel. ský, cloud.

Skyl, sb. discernment, reason, skill, Prompt.; skil, H; skill, S; skyle, S2; skile, S, C2, W; skille, S2; skele, S2; skiles, pl., reasons, C2, H; skilles, S2, H.—Icel. skil, distinction, discernment.

Skylfulle, adj. reasonable, discerning, Prompt.; skilful, W2, C3.

Skylly, perhaps dispersing (?), S2.

Skyualde, perhaps scramble (?), S2.

Sla, v. to slay, S2; see Sleen.

Slade, sb. a valley, Manip., ND.—AS. slǽd.

Slagen, pp. slain, S; see Sleen.

Slaht, sb. slaughter, SD; slaȝt, S2.—AS. sleaht.

Slaine, Slawen; see Sleen.

Slak, sb. ravine, a hollow, depression, gap or pass between two hills, S3, B; slack, the low ground, HD; a common (in Yorkshire), NQ (1. 10. 400).

Slak, adj. slack, Prompt.; slac, S2; slake, dat., C.—AS. sleac: OS. slak.

Slakien, v. to be slack, to make loose, S, W; slake, to become less grievous, S2; to slacken, cease, C2; slakeþ, pr. s., burns low, S2; assuages, C2.—AS. slacian.

Slape, sb. sleep, S; see Slepe.

Slatten, v. to throw down, to slap; slat, HD; sleateð, pr. pl., S.

Slaunder; see Sclaundre.

Slaueren, v. to slaver, to let the saliva fall from the mouth, S2.

Slawe, adj. slow, S3; see Slowe.

Slaȝt, sb. slaughter, S2; see Slaht.

Sle, adj. sly, cunning, S3; see Sly.

Sleen, v. to slay, PP, C2; slee, PP, S3, W, G; sle, S, S3, PP; slen, PP; slean, S; slæn, S; slon, S; slo, S; sla, S2; sleað, pr. s., S; sleth, S3; sleeth, C; sleað, pl., S; slaȝeð, S; slage, S; sloh, pt. s., S; sloȝ, S; slou, S, S2; slow, S2, S3; slowe, W; slouh, S2; slouȝ, S2; slough, S3, C; sloghen, pl., S; sloȝen, S; slowe, S2; slowen, W; sloȝe, S; slogh, S2; sloughe, S3; slo, pr. subj., 2 p., S2; slen, pl., S; slagen, pp., S; slaine, S; slawen, C2; slayn, C2; sleie, S2; slawe, S3, C; slean, S3; y-slayn, C3; i-slawe, S2; y-slawe, C3; i-sleiene, pl., S.—AS. sléan (for slahan), pt. slóh (pl. slógon), pp. slægen, also slegen.

Sleet, sb. sleet, Prompt.; slet, SD.—Cp. G. schlosse.

Slegh, adj. cunning, S2; sleh, S; see Sly.

Sleght, sb. cunning, S2; sleht, S; see Sleythe.

Slendyr; see Sclender.

Slepe, sb. sleep, S, S2, Prompt.; slape, S; slep, S.—AS. slǽp: OS. sláp; cp. OFris. slép.

Slepen, v. to sleep, S; slep, pt. s., S, S3; slepte, (weak form), C2, PP; slepen, pl., PP.—AS. slǽpan, pt. slép; a reduplicating verb, see Douse, p. 48.

Slepyng, sb. sleep, S2.

Sleðrende, pr. p. falling like snow, S.

Sleuth, sb. track, trail, slot, S2, B; sluth, B; slewth, B; sloð, S, SkD. Comb.: sleuth-hund, a sleuth-hound, S2.—Icel. slóð.

Sleuþe, sb. sloth, S2, P; sleuth, H; see Slouthe.

Sleue, sb. sleeve, C3, Prompt.—AS. sléfe.

Sleueles, adj. sleeveless, useless, HD.

Sley, adj. sly, S2; see Sly.

Sleythe, sb. cunning, skill, falsehood, trick, Prompt., PP; sleithe, PP; sleȝþe, S2; slehþe, SD, PP; slithe, PP; slyþe, PP; sleighte, PP, C, C2, C3; sleht, S; sleght, S2.—Icel. slægð (for slœgð). See Sly.

Sliden, v. to slide, PP; slit, pr. s., C3; slod, pt. s., S2; slode, pl., PP; slide, pp., W2.—AS. slídan, pt. slád, pp. sliden.

Slider, adj. slippery, C; slidir, W2; slydyr, Prompt. See Sklither.

Slidernesse, sb. slipperyness; slydirnesse, W2; slydyrnesse, Prompt.

Slih, adj. cunning, experienced, S2; see Sly.

Slike, adj. such, H.—Icel. slíkr.

Slikien, v. to smoothe, to polish, SD; slyken, P; slicke, S3; isliked, S.

Sliper, adj. slippery, SD; slipper, S3, Sh.—AS. slipor (Leo).

Slitten, v. to slit, pierce, SD; slytyn, Prompt.; slyttyng, pr. p., piercing (of language), S2; islit, pp., S.—AS. slítan.

Slo, vb. to slay, S; slon, S; sloh, pt. s., S; see Sleen.

Slod, pt. s. slid, S2; see Sliden.

Slogardye, sb. sloth, C3; see Sluggardy.

Sloh, sb. slough, PP; slough, C2, C3.—AS. slóh.

Slokyn, v. to slake, quench, H, Cath.; slokin, S3; slokke, PP; slokynd, pp., H; slekynd, H.—Cp. Icel. slökva. Cf. Slakien.

Slomeren, v. to slumber, Cath., Prompt.; slumeren, SD; slombred, pt. s., P.

Slomering, sb. slumbering, S3.

Slong, pp. cast away, S3; see Slyngen.

Sloppar, adj. slippery, S3.

Sloterin, v. maculare, SD; sloterd, pp., bespattered, S2.

Sloð, sb. track, trail, S; see Sleuth.

Slough; see Sloh.

Slouthe, sb. sloth, S2, C3, PP; slouhðe, S; sleuȝþe, S2, PP; sleuþe, S2, P; slewthe, C3, PP; sleuth, H, PP.—AS. slǽwð. See below.

Slow, Sloȝe; see Sleen.

Slowe, adj. and sb. slow, sluggish, a lazy man, PP, S; slow, W2; slouh, S; slawe, S3; slaw, S2.—AS. sláw.

Sluggardy, sb. sloth, S3; slogardye, C3; sloggardye, C.

Slugge, adj. slothful, Prompt.

Sluggen, v. to slug, to be inactive, SkD.

Sluggy, adj. slothful, Prompt.

Sly, adj. sly, cunning, skilful, Prompt.; sliȝ, W; slih, S2; sley, S2; slegh, S2; sleh, S; sleȝ, S2; sle, S3.—Icel. slægr (for slœgr).

Slyly, adv. cunningly, Prompt.; sleighly, prudently, C.

Slynge, sb. sling, PP.

Slyngen, v. to sling, hurl, throw away, PP, Prompt.; slonge, pt. pl., S2; slong, pp., S3; slungin, S3.—AS. slingan, pl. slang, pp. slungen.

Smak, sb. taste, flavour, Prompt.; smacc, S; smach, S2.—AS. smæc, taste, flavour (Voc.).

Smaken, to have a savour, scent, S, Prompt.; smacky, to imagine, perceive, taste, relish, understand, S2; smachande, pr. p., S2; smauhte, pt. s., PP; smauȝte, pl., PP.—AS. smæcian, see Grein (s.v. smæc).

Smalle, adj. small, narrow, Prompt.; smal, S, S2; smaill, S3.—AS. smæl, narrow: Goth. smals.

Smart, adj. bitter, S2; see Smerte.

Smatte, pt. s. smote, S; see Smiten.

Smec, sb. smoke, S; smech, S; smeke, Prompt.—AS. sméc.

Smechunge, sb. taste, S. See Smak.

Smell, sb. smell, S; smul, S.

Smellen, v. to smell, S, PP; smylle, PP; smolte, pt. s., S2.—Cp. Low G. smelen, to smoulder.

Smeorten, v. to smart, S; see Smerten.

Smerien, v. to smear, anoint; smeren, S; smurieð, pr. pl., S; smered, pp., S.—AS. smerian, smyrian, from smeru, fat, smero (Voc.).

Smerl, sb. ointment, S2.

Smerld, pp. anointed, S2.

Smerte, adj. and adv. painful, sharp, sharply, quick, quickly, C, S, PP; smert, S2; smart, S2, C3; smertely, adv., G.—AS. smeart.

Smerte, sb. smart, pain, C2; smierte, S; smert, C3.

Smerten, v. to smart, to be pained, PP, S, S2, C2; smeorten, S; smerte, pt. s., C; smerted, S3.—AS. smeortan (EETS. 79, p. 36).

Smiten, v. to smite; smyten, PP; smit, pr. s., C2, PP; smot, pt. s., S, S2, PP; smette, S3; smatte, S; smiten, pl., S; smyten, W; smiten, pp., PP.—AS. smítan, pt. smát (pl. smiton), pp. smiten.

Smok, sb. smock, C2, PP, Prompt.

Smok-les, adj. without a smock, C2.

Smolder, sb. smoke from smouldering wood, PP.

Smolderen, v. to smoulder; smolderande, pr. p., S2.

Smorðer, sb. suffocating smoke, S; smorþre, PP.

Smorðren, v. to smother, suffocate, SD.

Smot, pt. s. of Smiten, q.v.

Smul, sb. smell, S; see Smell.

Smurieð, pr. pl. smear, S; see Smerien.

Smyðien, v. to forge; smythye, P; smytheth, pr. s., P.—AS. smiðian.

Smyþþe, sb. smithy, forge, S2; smythy, Prompt.—AS. smiððe (Voc.).

Snapere, v. to trip, to stumble, W2, SD; snapper, HD; snapirs, pr. s., WA.

Snað, pt. s. cut, S; see Sniðen.

Snaw, sb. snow, S; see Snow.

Snelle, adj. quick, sharp, S, S2; snell, S3; snel, S.—AS. snell: OHG. snel (Otfrid).

Snepe, adj. foolish, S.

Snesien, v. to strike, S.—AS. snǽsan (in á-snǽsan, BT), to put on a spit; from snás, a spit (Voc.); cp. Icel. sneisa from sneis.

Sniðen, v. to cut; snað, pt. s., S.—AS. sníðan, pt. snáð (pl. snidon); cp. OHG. snídan (Tatian).

Sniwen, v. to snow; snewen, SD; sniuþ, pr. s., S; sniweþ, SD; snew, pt. s., SD; snewede, C.—AS. sníwan.

Snorkil, sb. wrinkle, H.—Cp. North.E. snurkle, to run into knots, JD, snurl, to wrinkle, JD; cp. OHG. snuor, string, see Fick, 7. 351.

Snow, sb. snow, Prompt., PP; snouȝ, PP; snou, S; snaw, S.—AS. snáw: Goth. snaiws.

Snowte, sb. snout, Prompt.; snute, S.—Cp. G. schnauze.

Snybbyn, v. to rebuke, Prompt., C; snube, H; snybid, pt. pl., H; snyband, pr. p., H; snibbed, pp., C2.

Snybbynge, sb. rebuke, Prompt.; snybynge, H; snibbing, S2; snybyngis, pl., H.

Snytyn, v. to clear the nose, Prompt.; snytte, pt. s., S2; y-snyt, pp., S2.

Sobre, adj. sober, sedate, C2; sobur, Prompt.—OF. sobre; Lat. sobrium.

Sobreliche, adj. and adv. sedate, soberly, CM; soburly, CM; soberly, C.

Soburnesse, sb. soberness, Prompt.

Soche, adj. such, S; see Swyche.

Socht, pt. pl. sought, went, S3; see Sechen.

Socour, sb. succour, C2, C3; socowre, Prompt.—AF. sucur, soccour, OF. socors; Late Lat. succursus (Ducange).

Sodeyn, adj. sudden, C2, C3; sodeynly, adv. suddenly, S3, C2; sodeynliche, S2.—AF. sodeyne; Late Lat. subitanum, see BH, § 122.

Softe, adj. soft, warm, mild, gentle, S, S2, C3; adv. gently, luxuriously, S2, S, C3; softeliche, gently, S; softely, C3. Comb.: zoft-hede, sb. softness, S2.—AS. sófte.

Sohte, pt. s. sought, S, S2; see Sechen.

Soke, sb. the exercise of judicial power, PP, SkD. Der.: soken, the territory or precinct in which public privileges were exercised, SkD; sokne, PP; (Rotland)-sokene, (Rutland)shire, P.—AS. sóc, the exercise of judicial power; sócn, sócen, an enquiry; see Schmid.

Sokelynge, sb. suckling, Prompt.

Sokelynge, sb. a herb, locusta, Prompt.

Sokyl-blome, sb. locusta, Voc.—From a form *sokel, that which sucks. Cp. Hony-souke.

Solas, sb. rest, solace, pleasure, merriment, G, C2, PP, SkD.—AF. solas, OF. solaz, Lat. solatium; see BH, § 143.

Solde, should; see Scholde.

Solempne, adj. solemn, grand, festive, magnificent, C2, C3, Prompt.; solempnely, adv. with pomp, S2, C2, C3; solenliche, PP.—AF. solempne; Lat. solemnem.

Solempnite, sb. festivity, C, Prompt.—AF. sollempnitee; Lat. solemnitatem.

Solere, sb. an upper room, loft, Prompt., Voc., HD; throne, H; soler, W, Voc., HD; soller, Palsg.; stage of a house, ND; sollar, HD, Palsg.—AF. soler, solair, OF. solier; Late Lat. solarium (Voc.); cp. AS. solere (Grein), OS. soleri. OHG. soleri (Tatian), solári, the prætorium of Pilate, also a guest-chamber (Otfrid), Du. zolder.

Soleyne, adj. solitary, hating company, sullen, PP, Prompt.; soleyn, PP, W2; sollein, S3.—OF. solain, solitary, pertaining to one alone: Late Lat. *solanum, from Lat. solus.

Somdel; see under Sum.

Some, sb. concord, S.—AS. sóme.

Somed, adv. together, S; somet, S; see Samed.

Somer, sb. summer, C; sumer, S; someres, gen. s., C2, C3. Comb.: somer-game, summer-game, P.—AS. sumor: OS. sumar; cp. OHG. sumar (Tatian).

Somme, sb. sum, S3, C3; some, S3; summe, Prompt.—AF. summe (sume); Lat. summa.

Somnen, v. to join, S; see Samnen.

Sompne, v. to summon, PP, CM; someny, PP; somony, S2; somoni, S; somownyn, Prompt.; somondis, pr. s., H; sumundis, H; somened, pp., W.—AF. somoundre (pr. p. somonant), OF. semondre; Late Lat. submōnĕre; Lat. sub + mŏnēre.

Sompnour, sb. summoner, one who cites before an ecclesiastical court, C, PP; sumpnour, S2; somnour, PP; somner, PP; somenour, PP; sumnowre, Prompt.—AF. sumenour.

Somwat; see under Sum.

Sond, sb. sand, S, S2, C, PP; sand, PP; sonde, dat., S.—AS. sand.

Sond, sb. a dish or mess of food; sand, gift, S2; sonde, dat., S; sonden, pl., S; sandon, S.—AS. sand, ‘ferculum’ (Voc.).

Sonde, sb. a sending, message, gift sent, also mission, embassy, messenger, S, S2, C3, P, G, H (p. 497); sonden, pl., S; sondes, S. Comb.: sondezmon, messenger, S2; sandesman, SD; sandismene, pl., HD.

Sonder. Comb.: sonderemen, messengers, S; sanderbodes, messengers, S.—AS. sander in sandermen (Chron. ann. 1123).

Sondry, separate, C2; see Sunder.

Sone, sb. son, S, S2, C2, G; sune, S; zone, S2; sun, S2. Comb.: sone in lawe, son-in-law, C2.—AS. sunu: Goth. sunus.

Sone, adv. forthwith, quickly, soon, S, G, S2, C2, PP; soune, S3; son, S2; soyn, S2; sonest, superl., C2; sonnest, P.—AS. sóna, see Sievers, 317.

Song, pt. s. sang, C2; see Syngen.

Songe, sb. song, Prompt.; sang, S, S3; zang, S2; songes, pl., S.—AS. sang.

Songe-warie, sb. the observation of dreams, P.—OF. songe; Lat. somnium, dream.

Sonne, sb. sun, S, S2, C2, P; sunne, S, S2, Prompt. Comb.: sunne-bem, sunbeam, S; Sunnen-dæi, Sunday, S; sunne-dei, S; sunedai, S; sunedei, S; sone-dæi, S; soneday, S, G; sonendayes, pl., S2; sunne-risindde, sun-rising, S.—AS. sunne: OS. sunna.

Soop, pt. t. of Sup.

Soope, sb. soap, Prompt.; sape, S.—AS. sápe; Lat. sāpo.

Soot, Soote, adj. sweet, S3; see Swete.

Sooth, Soothly; see Soth.

Sop, pt. s. created, S; see Schapen.

Sope, pp. of Sup.

Soper, sb. supper, C, C2, G; see Souper.

Sophyme, sb. a sophism, C2; sophimes, pl., subtleties, C2.—OF. sophisme (Cotg.); Gr. σόφισμα.

Soppe, sb. a sop, Cath., PP; sop, C; soppis, pl., S3.

Sopun, pp. of Sup.

Sore, v. to soar, mount aloft, C2, CM.—OF. essorer (Cotg.); Late Lat. *exaurare, to expose to the air (Lat. aura).

Sore, adj. and adv. sore, painful, S, C2, G; sare, S2, S; sar, S, S3, S2; soore, Prompt.; sair, B.—AS. sár.

Sore, sb. sore, misery, C2; sor, S; sar, S; soore, Prompt.—AS. sár.

Soren, pp. shorn, S; see Schere.

Sort, sb. destiny, chance, lot, C, W; sorte, turn (= Lat. vice), W.—AF. sort; Lat. sortem.

Sorwe, sb. sorrow, S, S2, CM, C2; sorȝe, S; zorȝe, S2; soriȝe, S; soreȝe, S; sareȝe, S; soreghe, S2; seorewe, S; serewe, S; seoruwe, S; serwe, S2; soru, S2; sorhe, S; sorewe, S, S2.—AS. sorh: OS. sorga.

Sorwe-ful, adj. sorrowful, C; sorful, S; sorwefully, adv. sorrowfully, C2.

Sorwen, v. to sorrow, CM; serrȝheþþ, pr. s., S.—AS. sorgian.

Sorwynge, sb. sorrowing, CM; sorewyngis, pl., W.

Sory, adj. sorry, wretched, painful, grievous, Prompt., S2, C, C2, PP, G; sori, S, S2, PP; sari, S; særi, S; sariliche, adv., S; soryly, Prompt. Comb.: sorymod, sad in mind, S.—AS. sárig.

Sorynesse, sb. sadness, Prompt.; sorinesse, S.—AS. sárignes.

Soster, sb. sister, S2; see Suster.

Sote, adj. sweet, C2, C3; see Swete.

Soth, adj. and sb. true, truth, sooth, soothsaying, S, S2, C3, P, H; sooth, C2; suth, S2; sothe, W, S2, S3, P; soothe, S3; zoþe, S2; sothely, adv., verily, PP, W; soothly, C2. Comb.: soðfast, true, S, S3, H; sothefast, W; soothfastnesse, truth, C2, C3, H; sothnes, truth, S2, H; sothnesse, S2, P; sothriht, truly, S.—AS. sóð (for *sonð, *sanð); cp. Icel. sannr (for *sanðr); cp. Dan. sand.

Sothe, adj. south, S3; see Sowthe.

Sothien, v. to verify, SD, SkD (s.v. soothe); i-soðet, pp., S.—AS. ge-sóðian.

Sothroun, adj. southern, S3; see Sowtherne.

Sotte, sb. fool, S, Prompt., PP; sot, S, S2; sottes, gen., S, S2. Der.: sotlice, foolishly, S; sotschipe, folly, S; sotted, besotted, C3.—OF. sot.

Sotyle, adj. subtle, fine-wrought, crafty, ingenious, Prompt.; sotyl, PP; sotil, PP, C; sotel, PP; sutelle, Cath.; sutaille, S3; sotely, adv., PP; suteli, W.—AF. sotil, sutil; Lat. subtīlem.

Sotyle, v. to reason subtly, to make use of cunning, PP; sotilen, PP; sutils, pr. s., makes subtle, H.

Sotylte, sb. skill, Prompt.; sotilte, C3.—AF. sotiltee; Lat. subtilitatem.

Souchen, v. to suspect, SD, HD; souches, pr. s., S2.—OF. suscher; Late Lat. *suspicare, for Lat. suspicari, see Diez, p. 681, and BH, § 152.

Souden, v. to pay, PP. See Sowde.

Soudly, adj. dirty, S3.—Cp. Northern E. suddill, to dirty (JD), also G. sudeln, to do dirty work.

Souerty, sb. surety, S3; see Surety.

Soufre, sb. sulphur, S2; soulfre, CM.—OF. soufre, soulfre (Cotg.); Late Lat. sulfurem.

Souken, v. to suck, C2, S2, W2; sowken, S3. Comb.: soukynge-fere, foster-brother, W.—AS. súcan, pt. séac, pp. socen.

Soule, sb. soul, PP, S, S2; sowle, S, C; saule, S, S2, H; sawle, S; saull, S3; soulen, pl., S, S2; saulen, S; sawless, S; sowle, S; zaulen, S2. Comb.: soule hele, soul’s salvation, PP; sawel hel, S2.—AS. sáwol, sáwle: Goth. saiwala.

Soun, sb. sound, S2, S3, C2, W2, H: sown, H, W, W2; sowne, S2; son, S2; sownde, Prompt.—AF. soun, OF. son; Lat. sonum.

Sound, sb. a swoon, S3; see Swowne.

Sounen, v. to sound, C2, PP; sownen, C2, S2, W2, PP; sowndyn, Prompt.; sunen, S.—AF. suner, soner; Lat. sonare.

Sounyng, sb. sounding, S2.

Soupen, v. to sup, drink gradually, to eat supper, P, W, C2; sowpen, S3.—OF. souper. Of Teutonic origin. Cp. Sup.

Souper, sb. supper, C; soper, C, C2, G.—OF. souper, AF. soper.

Souple, adj. supple, pliant, C, C2.—OF. souple, beaten, defeated (Bartsch); Lat. supplicem, submissive.

Soure, adj. sour, acid, PP; sur, S; soure, adv. sourly, C2, P. Comb.: sourdouȝ, leaven, W; sourdow, W; sourdowȝ, W.—AS. súr; cp. Icel. súrr and súrdegi (Matt. 13. 33).

Souren, v. to sour; sowrid, pp., made sour, W.

Sours, sb. source, origin, C2; soaring, CM.—OF. sourse, a spring of water; Late Lat. sursa, a late pp. f. form from Lat. surgere (OF. sordre, pp. sors, sours).

Souse, v. to strike, dash, RD, SkD; souce, Spenser 1. See below.

Souse, sb. the downward plunge of a bird of prey, RD. (Originally the same as Sours, used of a hawk’s flight.—W. W. S.)

Soutere, sb. cobbler, S3; souter, PP; sowter, Cath., ND.—AS. sútere (Voc.); Lat. sutor.

Souteresse, sb. a woman shoe-seller, P.

Souenaunce, sb. remembrance, S3.—OF. sovenance, also souvenance (Cotg.), from sovenir; Lat. subuenire.

Souerentè, sb. sovereignty, Prompt.; souerayntee, C2.—AF. soverainte.

Souereyn, adj. and sb. supreme, sovereign, C, C2, C3; souereynes, pl., superiors, P, W; sufrayns, H; souereyneste, superl., W2; soueraignly, adv., C.—AF. soverein; Late Lat. *superanum.

Sowdan, sb. sultan, S2, C3.—OF. soudan, souldan; Arab. sultân.

Sowdanesse, sb. sultaness, S2, C3.

Sowde, v. to strengthen; sowdid, pp. (= Lat. consolidatae), W.—OF. souder (Cotg.): It. soldare; Lat. solidare, see SkD (s.v. solder).

Sowde, sb. stipend, pay, W; sowd, Prompt.; sowdis, pl., W.—OF. soude; Lat. soldum, a sum of money, from solidus.

Sowdyowre, sb. one that fights for pay, soldier, Prompt.; soudiour, S3.—Cp. OF. soudoier (Ducange).

Sowen, v. to sow, S, PP; sawe, S; souwen, PP; sewe, pt. s., W; sew, H; sewen, pl., S; seowe, pt. s. subj., S; sowun, pp., W; sowe, G; ȝe-sawen, S.—AS. sáwan.

Sowse, v. to immerse in brine, to plunge in water, to drench with rain, Palsg., S3; soused, pp., pickled, Sh.; soust, drenched, Spenser 1.—From OF. sause, sauce; Lat. salsa, salted.

Sowse, sb. a dish of pickled food, succidium, Voc.

Sowthe, adj. south, Prompt.; sothe, S3; suð, S. Comb.: Souþ-hamtessire, Hampshire, S2; Suð-sæxe, Sussex, SD.—AS. súð: OHG. sund-ana, from the south (Tatian).

Sowtherne, adj. southern, Prompt.; souþeron, S2; southren, C3; sothroun, S3; suthroun, S3.

Soyr, adj. brown (as of withered leaves), S3.—OF. sor (Roland); cp. F. saure. Of Teutonic origin. See Seere.

Spæc, pt. s. of Speken, q.v.

Spæche, sb. speech, S; see Speche.

Spak, adj. wise, prudent, quiet, gentle, SD; spake, HD; spakliche, adv., SD; spakli, S2.—Icel. spakr, quiet, gentle, wise.

Spale, sb. a chip of wood, splinter, S, SD; spalle, Prompt.; spolle, Prompt.; spole, Voc.—Icel. spölr (spala, gen. pl.).

Spang, sb. a metal fastening, brooch, clasp, buckle; spangs, pl., S3.—AS. spange (Grein).

Spangele, sb. a small plate of shining metal used to ornament a bridle, lorale, Prompt.

Spanyn, v. to wean, Prompt.; spane, HD; spaned, H, Cath.—Cp. G. spänen, OHG. (bi)spenjan, Du. spenen, see Weigand; cp. also AS. spana, ‘ubera’ (Voc.).

Spanynge, sb. a weaning, ablactacio, Cath., Prompt.

Sparkle, sb. spark. Prompt. Comb.: deed-sparcle (= Lat. fauilla), W2.

Sparlire, sb. the calf of the leg, HD; sparlyuer, sura, Trevisa (5. 355); sperlyuer, musculus, Voc.—AS. spear-líra, ‘sura’ (Deut. 28. 35), speoru-líra (OET.).

Sparre, sb. a beam, bar, spar, C, S3, Prompt., Cath.—AS. speoru (Voc.); cp. Icel. sparri.

Sparthe, sb. axe, battle-axe, Prompt., Cath.; sparth, C, WA.—Icel. sparða.

Sparwe, sb. sparrow, C, S2; sparowe, Prompt. Comb.: spar-hauk, sparrow-hawk, C2; sperhauke, P.—AS. spearwa.

Spatel, sb. spittle, S; see Spotil.

Spateling, sb. spitting, S.

Spealie, v. to tell, S; see Spellien.

Spec, pt. s. of Speken, q.v.

Spece, sb. species, kind, S, Prompt.—Lat. speciem. Cf. Spice.

Speche, sb. speech, S, S2, PP; spæche, S; spek, S2.—AS. spǽc (Voc.). See Speken.

Sped, sb. success, speed, S; speed, Prompt.—AS. spéd.

Spede-ful, adj. profitable, W; speedful, C3; spedfullest, superl., S3.

Speden, v. to succeed, prosper, speed, S, S2, S3; spet, pr. s., speeds, goes on, G; spedith, profits, S3, W2; spedde, pt. s., S, C2; sped, pp., S3.—AS. spédan.

Speir, sb. sphere, S3; see Spere.

Speken, v. to speak, S, S2; spæken, S; spece, 1 pr. s., S; specð, pr. s., S; spæc, pt. s., S; spac, S, S2; spak, S, S2; spec, S, spek, S; spake, 2 pt. s., S, G; speke, S; spækenn, pl., S; speken, S; speke, S2; speeke, S2; spekene, ger., S; speokene, S; i-speken, pp., S; ispeke, S.—AS. specan (for sprecan), pt. spæc, pp. specen.

Spell, sb. a discourse, story, S; spelle, dat., S, S2, C2.—AS. spell.

Spellien, v. to relate, speak; spellen, S, PP; spealie, S; spilien, S.—AS. spellian.

Spellinge, sb. recital, Prompt., S2.

Spence, sb. provision-room, larder, G, Prompt.; spense, Voc.; expense, G, W.—OF. despense (Constans); Late Lat. dispensa (Voc.).

Spencer, sb. officer having charge of the provisions, G; spenser, G; sponcere, Prompt.—OF. despensier; Late Lat. dispensarium (acc.).

Spenden, v. to use, spend, Prompt., PP; spene, S, PP; spende, pt. pl., S2; i-spend, pp., S; spendid, W; sponded, G. Comb.: spending-siluer, money to spend, C3.—AS. spendan (in compounds); Lat. dispendere.

Spennen, v. to stretch, embrace, grasp, SD; spendyd, pt. s., grasped, S3; spend, pp., SD.—Icel. spenna; cp. AS. spannan, to bind, OHG. (gi)spannan (Otfrid); see Weigand.

Spercled, pp. scattered, flung abroad, S3 (24. 67).

Sperd, pt. s. of Spiren, q.v.

Spere, sb. sphere, Prompt., CM; speir, S3.—OF. espere; Late Lat. spera, sphera; Gr. σφαῖρα.

Spere, sb. spear, S, C, Prompt.—AS. spere; cp. OHG. sper (Tatian).

Speren, v. to fasten with a spar, to close, S, Cath.; sperre, Cath.; speride, pt. s., S2; sperd, pp., S, H; sperrid, H.—AS. sparrian. See Sparre.

Sperhauke, sb. sparrow-hawk, P; see under Sparwe.

Sperling, sb. a small fish, S2; sperlynge, Cath., Voc.; sparlynge, Cath. (n); spurling, Cath. (n).—OF. esperlan, smelt (Cotg.).

Spet, pr. s. of Speden, q.v.

Speten, v. to spit, S, W2, Voc., CM; spette, pt. s., W, SD; spete, W; speten, pl., W; spetide, pt. s., W.—AS. spǽtan, pt. spǽtte.

Spewen, v. to vomit, Cath.; spue, W2.—AS. spíwan, pt. spáw, pp. spiwen.

Spice, sb. species, kind, spice, W; spyce, Voc.; spices, pl., S, P. Comb.: spicelike, with spices, S; spices ware, spicery, S.—OF. espice; Late Lat. spĕcia (for Lat. spĕciem), see BH, § 32. See Spece.

Spicer, sb. dealer in spices, P, S2; spyserez, pl., S2.

Spicerye, sb. spicery, S2, C2, C3.—AF. spicerie.

Spie, sb. spy, PP; see Aspie.

Spien, v. to spy, to look after, to watch, S; see Espye.

Spilen, v. to play, S; spilede, pt. s., S.—Icel. spila; cp. G. spielen.

Spilien, v. to speak, S; see Spellien.

Spillen, v. to perish, also to destroy, S, S2, C2, C3, P; spyllen, S2; spill, S3; spilt, pp., killed, C3; y-spilte, PP.—AS. spillan, to destroy (Grein).

Spire, sb. shoot, scion, blade, tall grass, reed, PP, S, G, CM; spyre, Prompt., PP, Palsg.; spier, W2.

Spiren, v. to enquire, speer, PP; speren, PP; speoren, PP; spuren, PP; spirs, imp. pl., S2; spird, pt. pl., S2; sperd, pt. s., S3.—AS. spyrian, to make a track, from spor, track, see SkD (s.v. spur).

Splene, sb. the spleen, Prompt.; splen, SkD. Phr.: on the splene, suddenly, S3; fro the splene, with sudden fervour, rapidly, S3.—Lat. splen.

Spoile, sb. booty, SkD; spuylis, pl., W2. See below.

Spoilen, v. to plunder, W (Mk. 3. 27); spuyle, W; spuylid, pp., W2.—OF. spolier (Cotg.); Lat. spoliare; see BH, § 64.

Spone, sb. a chip, splinter of wood, spoon, C3, Prompt.; spoon, C2. Comb.: span-newe, span new, SkD; spon-neowe, SkD.—AS. spón; cp. Icel. spónn, also spánn; cp. G. spannen (Weigand).

Spore, sb. spur, PP, Prompt., C, G.—AS. spora.

Spotil, sb. spittle, W; spotele, W2; spatel, S.—AS. spátl.

Spousaille, sb. wedding, C2; spousail, C2; sposailis, pl., W.—OF. espousailles.

Spouse, sb. spouse, bridegroom, bride, W; spuse, S; spowse, Prompt. Comb.: spousbreche, adulterer, SD; spusbruche, adultery, SD; spousebrekere, adulterer, W; spoushod, marriage, S2.—AF. espouse (espuse); Lat. sponsam; also OF. espos, spous; Lat. sponsum; see BH, § 169.

Spousen, v. to espouse, W, S2, C2; spousi, S2; i-spoused, pp., S2; y-spoused, S2; i-spused, S.—OF. espouser; Lat. sponsare.

Sprangis, sb. pl. diffused rays of various colours, S3.

Spraulin, v. to sprawl, SD; sprawel, S2; sprauleden, pt. pl., S.—AS. spréawlian (cited by Zupitza from Bouloneser Glossen, see Studium der neueren Sprachen, July, 1886).

Sprayngis, sb. pl. sprinklings, S3. See Sprengen.

Spreden, v. to spread, PP, S, S2; spradde, pt. s., C2; spredd, pp., S; sprad, C; y-sprad, C2.—AS. sprǽdan.

Spreit, sb. spirit, S3; spyryte, Prompt.—Lat. spiritus.

Sprengen, v. to sprinkle, W, G; sprente, pt. s., S3; spreynten, pl., W2; spreynd, pp., S2, C2, C3, W; spreind, W; spreynt, W; y-spreynd, C.—AS. sprengan, causal of springan.

Sprengen, v. to spring, to be diffused; sprent, pt. s., S3.—AS. sprengan, to spring (Sweet).

Sprenkelin, v. to sprinkle, to dart, Prompt.; sprynkland, pr. p., darting in various directions (of fish in the water), S3.

Spring, sb. a rod, sprig, PP; sprynge, P; sprenges, pl., W2.

Springen, v. to spring, to arise, to dawn, PP, S, C2; sprynge, PP; sprenge, pr. s. subj., W; sprang, pt. s., S; sprong, S; sprungen, pp., S2; sprunge, S; sprongen, S3; spronge, C; i-sprunge, S. Der.: springing, beginning, source, C2.—AS. springan, pt. sprang (pl. sprungon), pp. sprungen.

Springen, v. to make to spring, rouse; sprange, pt. pl., S3. See below.

Springen, v. to sprinkle, C2; y-spronge, pp., S2. Der.: springyng, sprinkling, W. See Sprengen.

Sprutlyt, pp. speckled, S3. See SkD (s.v. sprout).

Sprynkland; see Sprenkelin.

Spurn, sb. a kick, S3.

Spurnen, v. to kick, Prompt., C2, SkD; spurnde, pt. s., S2.—AS. speornan.

Spuyle, v. to plunder, W; see Spoilen.

Spuylis, pl. spoils, W; see Spoile.

Spynke, sb. finch, rostellus, Voc.; spink, Cotg., JD, HD; spynk, S3 (s.v. gold). Cp. Gr. σπίγγος, and OF. pinçon (BH), F. pinson.

Spynnare, sb. spinner, spider, Prompt.; spinner, Sh., HD.

Spynnen, v. to spin, Prompt.

Spynstare, sb. a woman who spins, Prompt.; spynnester, PP; spinster, S2, PP, Sh.

Spyrakle, sb. the breath of life, S2.—Lat. spiraculum uitae, Gen. 7. 22 (Vulg.).

Squames, sb. pl. scales, C3.—Lat. squama.

Squaymous, adj. loth, fastidious, CM; see Skeymowse.

Squier, sb. squire, S, C2; squyer, C2, S2.—OF. esquïer, escuier; Late Lat. scutarium, from Lat. scutum, shield; cp. It. scudiére.

Squyler, sb. dish-washer, S2; sqwyllare, Prompt., SkD (s.v. scullery); swyllere, Voc.—OF. sculier (Ducange); Late Lat. scutelarium, one in charge of the dishes (Ducange); from Lat. scutella. (It seems to have been confused with swiller; see SkD, s.v. scullery.—W. W. S.)

Squylerey, sb. room for washing dishes in, a scullery, SkD.—Cp. OF. esculier; Late Lat. scutellarium, ‘locus ubi reponuntur scutellae’ (Ducange). See above.

Sqware, adj. square, Prompt.; sware, S2.—OF. esquarre; Lat. ex + quadram; cp. It. squadra.

Srid, pt. s. clothed, S; see Schrouden.

Srud, sb. dress, S; see Schroud.

Ss-; see Sch-.

Sseawere, sb. a mirror, S2; see Schawere.

Sseawy, v. to show, S2; see Schewen.

Ssedde; see under Scheden.

Ssede; see under Schade.

Ssolde, should; see Scholde.

Ssoldren, pl. shoulders, S2; see Schuldere.

Stable, adj. constant, firm, fixed, C2, W, PP; stabli, adv., W.—AF. estable; Lat. stabilem.

Stable, v. to establish, confirm, to cause to rest, S3, W, P, C; y-stabled, S3.—OF. establir.

Stablischen, v. to establish, W; stablisse, PP.—OF. establiss-, stem of establissant, pp. of establir.

Stac, pt. s. closed up, S2; see Steken.

Stad, pp. bestead, circumstanced, beset, WA, S2.—Icel. staddr, circumstanced, Swed. stadd.

Staf, sb. a staff, stick, a letter of the alphabet, PP, SD; staffe, Prompt.; staues, pl., S2, PP. Comb.: stef-creft, the art of grammar, S; staf-slinge, staff-sling, C2; staff-slynge, HD; staff-slyngere, staff-slinger, HD.—AS. stæf, staff, stick, twig, letter written on a twig, see Weigand (s.v. buchstab); cp. Icel. stafr, OHG. stab, buohstab (Tatian).

Staire, adj. steep, WA; stayre, WA (n).

Staire, sb. stair, ladder, WA.—AS. stǽger. See Stien.

Stal, Stall, pt. s. of Stelen.

Stale, sb. stealing, S.—AS. stalu.

Stalken, v. to step slowly, C, G; stalkyn, Prompt.; stalked him, pt. s. refl., C2.—AS. stealcian; see Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Primer, 83. 37.

Stalle, sb. place, state, station, prison, stall, booth, PP, Prompt.; steal, S; stal, Prompt.; stale, S3.—AS. steal: OHG. stal (Otfrid).

Stallit, pp. placed, S3.

Stallyn, v. to enthrone prelates, Prompt.

Stalworðe, adj. stout, strong, sturdy, S2, G; stalworth, PP, H (pp. 26, 87); stalword, S2; stalworthy, S3, Prompt.; stalworþest, superl., S2; stalwortly, adv. sturdily, S2. Comb.: stalworth-hede, stalwartness, S2.—AS. stælwurð (Chron. ann. 896).

Stamyn, sb. stamine, linsey-woolsey cloth, a garment made of that material, Prompt., Cath. (n); stamin, S; stamine, HD.—OF. estamine, tamine, also a strainer (Cotg.).

Stamyn, sb. the stem, bows of a vessel, S2; stamyne, Cath. (n).—Icel. stafn, stamn, a post, prow-post, also stern-post; cp. It. stamine, the upright ribs or pieces of timber of the inside of a ship, of our shipwrights called foot-stocks (Florio).

Standen, v. to stand, to cost, be valid, S; stonden, S, S2, C2, W; stant, pr. s., S, S2, S3; stont, S; stand, S2; stonte, S2; stode, pt. s., S2; pl., S2; stoden, S2, C2; stude, S3; i-stonde, pp., S.—AS. standan, pt. stód, pp. ge-standen.

Stane, sb. dat. stone, S; see Stoon.

Stang, sb. stagnant pool; stanc, S2; stank, HD; stangis, pl., H; stangeȝ, S2; staunkis, H.—OF. estang, estan (estanc); Lat. stagnum.

Stangen, v. to prick, to throb, HD, H. Der.: stangynge, torment, H.

Stannyris, sb. pl. the small stones and gravel at the side of a river, S3. See Stoon.

Staple, sb. a loop of iron in a wall used for fastening chains, S3 (p. 472).—AS. stapul (Voc.).

Starf, pt. s. died, S2, C2; see Steruen.

Starin, v. to stare, also to shine, glitter, SD; stare, C2, S3, PP; starinde, pr. p., S; stareand, S2.—AS. starian.

Stark, adj. strong, firm, severe, S, S3; starrc, S; starke, pl., C2.—AS. stearc: OS. starc.

Starnys, pl. stars, S3; see Sterne.

Stat, sb. state, condition, S2; staat, existence (= Lat. status), W. Cf. Estat.

Staþelien, to establish; ȝe-staþeled, pp., S.—AS. ge-staðelod.

Staþelnesse, sb. stability, SD; staþelnes, S2.—AS. staðolnes.

Statut, sb. statute, PP; statute, PP; statutes, pl., S2, PP. Comb.: statute-staple, the staple to which a prisoner is by law attached, S3.—AF. statut (estatut); Lat. statutum.

Stauez, pr. s. stows away, S2; stawed, pp., S2; see Stowyn.

Steal, sb. place, state, S; see Stalle.

Steapre; see Stepe.

Steaȝ, pt. s. of Stien, q.v.

Stede, sb. steed, horse, S, C2, PP, WA. Comb.: stede-bac, horseback, PP.—AS. stéda, from stód, a collection of horses, a stud.

Stede, sb. place, PP, S, S2, S3; stude, S; stide, W, W2; stud, S2; sted, S3. Comb.: stedefast, steadfast, S; stedefastliche, steadfastly, S; stedfastly, C2; stedefastnesse, firmness, C2.—AS. stede: OS. stedi: Goth. stadi- (stem of staths).

Stee, sb. a ladder, WA, HD; sties, pl., HD. See Stien.

Steef, Stef; see Styf.

Steer, sb. a young ox, C, PP.—AS. stéor; cp. Lat. taurus, see Curtius, No. 232.

Stef-creft, sb. the art of grammar, S; see Staf.

Stefne, sb. voice, S; see Steuene.

Steghe, v. to ascend, H; see Stien.

Steghere, sb. rider, H.

Steir, v. to stir, S3; see Stiren.

Steken, v. to fasten, SD, WA; stekye, v., to be fastened up, P; stekez, imp. pl., S2; stac, pt. s., S2; stak, SkD (s.v. stick); stoken, pp., S2; y-steke, G; i-steke, G.—Cp. OHG. stechan, to fix, pierce, pt. stáh (pl. stáchun), pp. gi-stochan, see Otfrid.

Stelen, v. to steal, to go stealthily, PP; stæl, pt. s., S; stal, C2, W; stall, S3; stalen, pl., S; stelen, S; stole, pp., C. Comb.: stæl ut, stole out, S; stal ut, S.—AS. stelan, pt. stæl (pl. stǽlon), pp. stolen.

Stelðe, sb. stealth, PP; stalthe, SkD. Cf. Stouth.

Stem, sb. vapour, ray of light, flame, S; steem, Prompt.—AS. stéam.

Stemin, v. to steam, shine, gleam, C, S3, CM.—AS. stéman (SkD).

Stene, sb. a stone jar, SD, Trevisa 4. 115; steenes, pl., S2. See below.

Stenen, adj. made of stone, S.—AS. stǽnen (Voc.). See Stoon.

Stent, sb. stopping-place, S3.

Stenten, v. to cease, pause, CM; see Stynten.

Steoren, v. to perfume with incense, S.—Cp. AS. stéran (Leo). See Stor.

Steoren, v. lead, direct, S; see Steren.

Steorren, pl. stars, S; see Sterre.

Step-barn, sb. orphan, H.—Cp. AS. step-cild, orphan, Ps. 67. 6 (VP); AS. stéop, orphaned; cp. OHG. stiuf.

Stepe, adj. steep, WA, SkD.—AS. stéap.

Stepe, adj. bright, shining (of eyes), CM, C, S3, HD; steapre, comp., S3 (p. 426).

Stere, adj. strong, stout, firm, S, HD. See Store.

Stere, sb. tiller, helm, rudder, steering-gear, the stern of a ship, C3, S; steere, W2; stiere, PP. Comb.: sterelees, without a rudder, S2, C3; sterman, steersman. Voc.—Icel. stýri, rudder.

Stere, sb. helmsman, C3, S2.

Steren, v. to lead, direct, steer, S, S3, PP; steir, B; steoren, S.—AS. stéoran, stýran.

Steren, v. to stir, to move, S2, WA, PP; see Stiren.

Sterlinge, sb. coin, penny of standard currency, C3, PP, SkD.—Cp. Low Lat. sterlingus (Ducange).

Sterne, sb. star, WA, H, S2; stern, S2, B; starnys, pl., S3.—Icel. stjarna. Cf. Sterre.

Sterne, adj. stern, Prompt.; sturne, S, S2; steryn, WA; sterin, HD; steryne, HD; stiarne, pl., S; adv., S; sterne, PP; sternelich, CM, PP. Der.: sturnhede, sternness, S2.—AS. styrne.

Sterre, sb. star, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, W, PP; storre, S; steorren, pl., S; steores, S; sterris, W, PP; sterren, S, S2. Comb.: sterre-liht, starlight, S2. Der.: i-stirret, starred, S; stirrede, SD.—AS. steorra: OS. sterro; cp. OHG. sterro (Tatian).

Stert, sb. tail, plough-handle, S, Prompt., Palsg., HD; the stalk of fruit, HD, Palsg.; sterte, Voc. Comb.: steort-naket, quite naked, S.—AS. steort; cp. Icel. stertr.

Stert, sb. a start, quick movement, C.

Sterten, v. to start, S2, C, B, PP; stirt, imp. s., S; stirte, pt. s., S; stirt, S; sterte, C, G; stert, S2; stert, pp., C2; y-stert, C.

Steruen, v. to die, S2, S3, C2; sterfeð, pr. s., S; starf, pt. s., S2, C2; sturuen, pl., S; sturfe, S; storuen, C3; storue, pt. subj. s., S; i-storue, pp., S; y-storue, C; staruen, S3.—AS. steorfan, pt. stǽrf (pl. sturfon), pp. storfen.

Steruing, sb. dying, S2.

Steuene, sb. voice, command, note, C2, S; steuen, S2; time of performing any action, CM; stefne, S; stevynnys, pl., S3.—AS. stefn: Goth. stibna; cp. OHG. stemna (Tatian), G. stimme.

Stew, sb. vapour, mist, B; stovys, pl., S3.—Cp. Dan. stöv, Du. stof, dust, stofregen, drizzling rain, G. staub, dust, whence Staubbach, ‘spray-beck.’

Steward; see under Sty.

Stewe, sb. fish-pond, vivarium, C, HD, SD, CM, Prompt.; stwe, Prompt.

Stewe, sb. bath, Cath.; stue, Cath. (n); stwe, Prompt.; stewes, pl. brothels, PP; stywes, CM; stues, P.

Stiarne, adj. pl. stern, S; see Sterne.

Sticchen, v. to prick, stitch, SD; stiȝte, pt. s., SD; stiȝt, pp., SD; i-stihd, S; i-sticched, S (p. 119).

Stien, v. to ascend, HD, PP, S2, W, W2; styȝen, S2; stiȝen, W, S2; steȝen, S2; steghe, H, S2; steaȝ, pt. s., S2; steiȝ, S3; stegh, S2, H; styh, S2.—AS. stígan, pt. stáh (pl. stigon), pp. stigen.

Sties, pl. paths, S2; stighes, H; see Sty.

Stikien, v. to stick, to pierce, stab, S, S2, C2, C3; styken, S2; steek, S3; stekit, pt. s., B; stekyt, S3; y-styked, pp., S2.—AS. stician. See Steken.

Stikke, sb. stick, C3; stykke, Prompt.

Stillatorie, sb. vessel used in distillation, C3, CM; stillatory, a place where distillations are performed, ND.—Late Lat. stillatorium, from Lat. (di)stillare.

Stingen, v. to sting; stonge, pt. pl., S; stongen, pp., C, H; y-stongen, S3; y-stonge, C3; stungen, H.—AS. stingan, pt. stang (pl. stungon), pp. stungen.

Stiren, v. to stir, to move, to instigate, PP, C3, W2, S, S2; stere, PP, S2, G; sturen, S, W; styren, S; steir, S3, B.—AS. styrian.

Stiring, sb. stirring, commotion, W, W2.

Stirte, pt. s. of Sterten, q.v.

Stith, sb. anvil, C, CM, Sh.; stythe, Prompt.—Icel. steði.

Stiward; see under Sty.

Stobil, sb. stubble, W2; stobul, Prompt.—AF. stuble (Ps. 82. 12, Oxford Psalter): Prov. estobla; OTeut. *stuppula; cp. OF. estoulle (Ps. 82. 13), F. éteule; see Kluge (s.v. stoppel), and BH, § 153.

Stok, sb. stock, stem, trap, the stocks, PP, W2; stoc, S; stokke, PP; stocke, S3; stoke, S2; stokkes, pl., PP; stockis, S2; stokess, S.—AS. stocc.

Prof. Napier maintains that the stokess of the Ormulum cannot be identified with AS. stocc, as the gemination of the consonant persists in the Ormulum. He suggests that stokess means ‘places,’ comparing the use of stoke in place-names, e.g. Wude stoke in Chron. (Earle, p. 249), He also cites in illustration AS. stoc-weard, ‘oppidanus,’ see Leo, p. 206.

Stoken, v. to stab, SkD, C.—OF. estoquer (Ducange).

Stole, sb. stool, P; stool, PP, Prompt.; stoule, PP.—AS. stól.

Stole, sb. a robe, W, Prompt.; stoole (= Lat. stola), W; stolis, pl., W.—Lat. stola.

Stonden; see Standen.

Stonge, pt. pl. stung, S; see Stingen.

Stonien, v. to stun, to make a loud din, to amaze with a blow, SD; stunay, H; stunayd, pp., H; stoynde, S3. See Astonen.

Stoniynge, sb. astonishment, W; stonying, W; stoneyinge, S2; stoynynge, Prompt.

Stont, pr. s. of Standen. 

Stony, adj. rocky, Prompt. Comb.: stony see, Adria, the Adriatic Sea, W.—Cp. Ducange ‘adria, petra; adriaticus, petrosus, lapidosus portus.’

Stoon, sb. stone, PP, W2; ston, PP, S, S3; stane, dat., S; stanes, pl., S. Comb.: stoon-stille, still as a stone, G.—AS. stán: Goth. stains.

Stoor, sb. store, stock, provision, Prompt., C, C2, C3, G; store, PP. Phr.: telle no store, set no store by, set no value upon, C.—OF. estore (Bartsch).

Stope, pp. advanced, C; stopen, CM, SkD (s.v. step).—AS. stapen, pp. of stapan (pt. stóp).

Stor, sb. incense, S; store, dat., S.—AS. stór, incense, storax; Lat. storacem, acc. of storax (Vulg.), also styrax; Gr. στύραξ.

Stordy, adj. rash, reckless, S; see Sturdy.

Store, adj. strong, powerful, large, HD, Prompt.; stoor, Prompt.—Icel. stórr.

Storour, sb. restorer, S3.

Storuen, pt. pl. died, C3; see Steruen.

Stot, sb. stallion, bullock, stoat, SkD, SD; caballus, Prompt., C; stott, buculus, WA, Voc.; stot, stoat, CM; stotte, bullock, Cath., Palsg.; stottis, pl., PP.—Cp. Icel. stútr, bull.

Stounde, sb. time, occasion, instant, period, S, S2, S3, C, C2, C3, G, PP; stund, S, S2; stunt, H; stundum, dat. pl. as adv., at times, H. Comb.: stound-mele, at times, S3.—AS. stund: OS. stunda; cp. OHG. stunta, ‘tempus, hora’ (Tatian).

Stounden, v. to be for a time; stounded, pt. s., SD; stunden, pl. (= stundeden), S.

Stoupen, v. to stoop, W (John 20. 5), C3; stowpen, CM, HD.—AS. stúpian.

Stour, sb. conflict, commotion, agitation, S2, B, JD; stowre, S3; stoure, HD; stoures, pl., C2; stowres, S2.—OF. estour, estor, estur (Roland); cp. Icel. styrr, a stir, tumult, battle.

Stour, v. to move quickly, JD; stowrand, pr. p., S3.

Stouth, sb. stealth, S3.—Icel. stuldr.—Cf. Stelthe.

Stovys, sb. pl. vapours, S3; see Stew.

Stowyn, v. to stow, bring together, Prompt.; stauez, pr. s., S2; stouwet, pp., PP; stawed, S2; staued, S2; stewed, PP.—AS. stówigan (OET).

Stra, sb. straw, S; see Strawe.

Straight (for Strait), adj. close-fitting, tight, S3; see Streyt.

Strain, v. to distrain, S3.—AF. destreindre (pr. p. destreignant). See Streynen.

Strand, sb. stream, torrent, S2, S3, H; stronde, W2; strynd, JD.

Strande, sb. bank, shore, WA.

Strang, adj. strong, S; see Stronge.

Strangelyn, v. to suffocate, Prompt.; estrangle, NED; astrangle, NED, MD; astrangeled, pp., S2.—AF. estrangler; Lat. strangulare, of Gr. origin; cp. στραγγάλη, halter.

Strapeles, sb. pl. fastenings of breeches, S; strapuls, Voc.; strapils, Cath.—AS. strapulas (Voc.).

Strate, sb. way, street, S; see Strete.

Stratly, adv. closely, S2; see Streyt.

Straunge, adj. strange, foreign, C, Prompt.; strange, C.—AF. estrange; Lat. extraneum.

Straunge, v. to become strange; strangeþ, pr. s., S2; straungid, pp., HD.

Strawe, sb. straw, Prompt.; stra, S, Cath.; stree, C, Prompt. Comb.: strauberi, strawberry, SD; strabery, Cath.; strawbery-wyse, strawberry plant, Prompt.; straberi-wythe, Cath.—AS. stréaw, stréa; cp. Icel. strá, see Sievers, 250.

Strayny, pr. s. subj. restrain, S2; see Streynen.

Strayues, sb. pl. escheats, goods of strangers dead without English-born issue, and of bastards dead intestate, PP; streyues, P.—Cp. OF. estrahiere (Godefroy), also estrayere (see Cotg.), Low Lat. estraeria: Late Lat. extrateria; cp. extrates (Ducange). For the v intrusive see Parvis.

Strecchen, v. to stretch, PP; streke, H; strecche on, to exert (one self), S2; strekis, pr. s., H; strauȝte, pt. s., W; streiȝte, W; streiȝt, S2; streiȝten, pl., W; strekid, H; strekand, pr. p., S2, H; strekyng, S3; strekid, pp., H; strahte, pl., S; straughte, C.—AS. streccan, pt. strehte, pp. streht.

Stree, sb. straw, C; see Strawe.

Strem, sb. stream, ray, beam, S, S2, C2, Voc.; streem, C.—AS. stréam: Icel. straumr; see Douse, p. 61.

Stren, sb. race, progeny, HD; streen, C2; streones, pl., S.—AS. stréon, a getting, possession (Leo).

Strend, sb. generation, S2; strinds, pl., sons, children, WA.—AS. strýnd, stock, race.

Strenen, v. to get, beget, HD; ȝe-strenð, pr. s., S; i-streoned, pp., S; i-striened, S.—AS. stréonan, ge-stréonan; cp. OHG. (gi)striunen, to gain (Tatian).

Strenge, sb. string, S3, H (p. 367); strynge, Prompt.—AS. streng.

Strengen, v. to strengthen, SD; streng, imp. s., S.—AS. strangian. See Stronge.

Strengðe, sb. strength, violence, S, S2; strencðe, S; strenðe, S, S2; strengthes, pl., sources of strength, C2; strenthis, strong places, S3.—AS. strengðu.

Strengðen, v. to strengthen, SD; strengðeð him, pr. s. reflex., S; strenghþed, pt. s., S2; pp., S2; i-strengþed, S.

Strengthy, adj. strong; strenthie, JD; strenghthi, H.

Strenken, v. to sprinkle, S.

Strenkil, v. to sprinkle about, H; strenkelyn, Prompt.; strenkle, S2; strinkle, HD; strenkild, pp., H.

Strenkyl, sb. a sprinkling, a holy-water stick, Prompt.; strenkle, HD; strinkle, HD; strenncless, pl., S.

Streones, sb. pl. progeny, S; see Stren.

Strepen, v. to strip, C2, CM; streepe, C; strupen, S.—AS. strýpan (in be-strýpan).

Strete, sb. way, street, PP, S; strate, S; stret, S.—AS. strǽt: OS. stráta; Lat. strāta (uia); see Sievers, 17.

Streynen, v. to draw tight, C2, W, W2, PP; strayny, pr. s. subj., S2.—AF. streign- base of streignant, pr. p. of streindre (straindre); Lat. stringere.

Streyt, pp. and adj. pressed tightly, narrow, strict, S2, C; streite, S3, C; straight, S3; strayte, pl., S2; streyte, adv. closely, S2, C; streitliche, S2; stratly, S2; streatly, S3.—AF. estreit (estrait); Lat. strictum.

Strif, sb. strife, S; stryf, C.—AF. estrif; of Teutonic origin; see below.

Strifen, v. to strive, S2; stryvyn, Prompt.; strof, pt. s., C.—OF. estriver: Prov. estribar; OHG. strībhan; cp. G. streben; see Kluge (s.v.), and Mackel, Germ. Elemente.

Strike, sb. hank of flax, C, HD.

Striken, v. to strike, to rub, to let down, to advance, to move quickly, to flow, S2, SkD; stryke, PP, Palsg.; strok, pt. s., PP; stroke, P, WW; strake, S3, WW; strook, Sh.; strek, SkD; strike, pl., S; strake, S2; strocke, S3; striked, pp., PP, WW; striken, WW; stricken, WW; strooke, Sh.—AS. strícan, pt. strác (pl. stricon), pp. stricen.

Strogelen, v. to struggle, C3, SkD.

Strogelynge, sb. struggling, Prompt.

Stronde, sb. shore, strand, Prompt., S, C, C3, HD.—AS. strand. Cf. Strande.

Stronde, sb. stream, torrent, W2; see Strand.

Stronge, adj. strong, hard, severe, Prompt., S2; strong, S; strang, S, S2; stronge, adv., S, G; strengre, comp., S; strengere, S, S2, W2; strenger, C2; strengeste, superl., S; strengest, G.—AS. strang, comp. strengor, superl. strengest.

Strook, sb. stroke, C2. See Striken.

Stroyen, v. to destroy, PP, G, S3; struyen, P; stroy, S2, Sh.; struen, pr. pl., PP; stryede, pt. s., S2.—AF. destruy- base of destruyant, pr. p. of destruire; Late Lat. *destrŭgere; formed on Lat. destructus, pp. of destruere.

Strupen, v. to strip, S; see Strepen.

Stuard, sb. steward, S; see Sty.

Stubbe, sb. stump, trunk, C; stub, Cath.

Stucche, sb. piece, S; steche, S.—AS. stycce: OHG. stuki (Tatian).

Stude, sb. place, S; see Stede.

Stues, sb. pl. stews, baths, brothels, P; see Stewe.

Stund, sb. time, occasion, period, instant, S; see Stounde.

Stunt, adj. blunt, not sharp, obtuse, foolish, SD, HD, SkD; stuntlic, adv., foolishly, SD. Der.: stuntnesse, foolishness, SD.—Cp. OSwed. stunt, cut short.

Sturdy, adj. obstinate, stern, cruel, rash, Prompt., C2; stordy, CM, S; stourdy, SD.—OF. estourdi, amazed, rash (Cotg.), estordi, pp. of estordir; from Lat. turdus, a thrush; see Förster, ZRP, x. 84.

Sturdynesse, sb. sternness, disobedience, Prompt., C2.

Sturioun, sb. sturgeon, S2, HD.—AF. sturioun; Low Lat. sturionem; from OHG. sturio.

Sturne, Sturn-hede; see Sterne.

Sturuen, pt. pl. died, S; see Steruen.

Sty, sb. path, S2, Prompt.; stighe, dat., H; stighes, pl., H; stihes, S2; sties, S2; styes, H; steghes, H.—AS. stíg. See Stien.

Sty, sb. sty, porcarium, Prompt. Comb.: sty-ward, steward, senescallus, Prompt., C2, C3; stiward, S, C; steward, PP; stuward, P; stuard, S.—AS. stígu, a sty, whence stigweard.

Styf, adj. stiff, strong, violent, PP, S2; stif, S, S2, PP; steef, W2; stef, PP. Der.: stef-hede, sturdiness, S2.—AS. stíf; see SkD.

Styh, pt. s. mounted, S2; see Stien.

Stynten, v. to stint, cease, pause, PP, S2, H; stinten, C2, C3, S2, S; stunten, PP; stente, C2, S3; pt. s., C2; stint, S2; stynted, pl., S3; stent, pp., C.—AS. styntan, to make short. See Stunt.

Sty-rop, stirrup, Prompt., G; stirop, S, C2; stiroppe, S3.—AS. stíg-ráp (Voc.). See Stien.

Su-; see also Sw-.

Note that words in Su- are alphabetized in a single block, without distinguishing between vowel (“su” sound) and consonant (“sv” or “sw” sound).

Sua, so, as, S, S2; see Swa.

Sual, sb. swell (as of the sea), H. See Swellen.

Suank, pt. pl. toiled, S2; see Swinken.

Sublymatorie, sb. vessels for sublimation, C3.—Late Lat. sublimatorium.

Sublymen, v. to sublimate, C3.—Lat. sublimare.

Sublyming, sb. sublimation, C3.

Succinis, sb. amber, S2.—From Lat. succinum (Voc.).

Sudarie, sb. napkin, W; sudary, HD.—Lat. sudarium (Vulg.).

Sudekene, sb. sub-deacon, HD.

Sudene, sb. sub-dean, PP; suddene, PP.

Suein, sb. servant, S2; see Sweyn.

Suen, v. to follow, attend on, persecute, PP, W, W2, S2, S3; suwen, S2, W, PP; sewen, PP, S2, C; swe, S3, W.—OF. siw-, pr. p. base of sivre: Late Lat. sĕquere (for Lat. sequi); see BH, § 32.

Suencten, pt. pl. afflicted, S; see Swenchen.

Suere, sb. follower, W.

Suffisance, sb. sufficiency, C2.—AF. suffisance.

Suffisant, adj. sufficient, S2, C2, C3.—AF. suffisant.

Suffragane, sb. assistant, deputy, properly of a bishop, S3.—Late Lat. suffraganeus.

Suffraunce, sb. endurance, patience, C2; soffraunce, PP; suffrance, P.—AF. suffraunce.

Suffren, v. to suffer, C2, PP; suffri, S; soffren, PP.—OF. suffrir.

Sufrayn; see Souereyn.

Suget, sb. subject, H (p. 361).—AF. suget; Lat. subiectum.

Sugetin, v. to subject; sugetide, pt. s., W; suget, pp., W, W2.

Sugge, 2 pr. s. subj. say, S; see Seggen.

Suggestioun, sb. criminal charge, reason, P, C2.—AF. suggestioun; Lat. suggestionem.

Suhien, v. to sough, sound harsh; suhiende, pr. p. pl., S (9. 336); suinde, S.—From AS. swógan. See Swowen.

Suik, sb. deceit, S2; see Swike.

Suld, should; see Scholde.

Sulf, self, S; see Self.

Sulien, v. to bemire, to sully, SkD, SD; y-suled, pp., S3.—AS. sylian: OHG. sulian (in bi-sulian), see Grein, p. 95; cp. AS. sol, mire (Voc.).

Sullen, v. to sell, S, S2; see Sellen.

Suller, sb. seller, S2; see Seller.

Sulliche, adv. strangely, S; see Sellich.

Suluer, sb. silver, S2; see Siluer.

Sulȝart, adj. (perhaps) bright, shining, S3.—(Cf. Gael. soilleir, bright, shining, OIr. sollus, bright.—W. W. S.)

Sulȝe, sb. soil, earth, S3; soyle, Prompt. Comb.: sule erthe, soil, Prompt.—AF. soyl; Late Lat. solea used for Lat. solum, ground, see Ducange.

Sum, adj. and pron. some, a certain one, S; zom, S2; sumere, dat., S; sume, pl., S. Comb.: sume we, some of us, S; alle and some, one and all, S2; sum . . . . sum, one . . . . one, S; sum-chere, some time, S; sumdel, something, S, S2; somdel, S2, C2; sumdeale, S3; sumdeill, S3; sumdeel, W2; some dele, P; sumhwet, somewhat, S; somwat, S2; summehwile, for some time, S; sumewile, sometimes, S; sumwile, formerly, S; somtym, sometimes, C3; summes-weis, in some wise, S.

Sum, conj. as. Comb.: swa summ, so as, S.

Sumer, sb. summer, S; see Somer.

Sumundis, pr. s. summonses, H; see Sompne.

Sund, adj. sound, S; sound, PP.—AS. (ge)sund; cp. OHG. gi-sunt (Otfrid).

Sunder, adv. apart; sonder, S2. Comb.: sunder-bleo, diverse colour, SD; sunder-halȝe, Pharisee, SD; sunder-liche, separately, S; sundirly, severally, H; sunder-lipes, severally, SD; sunder-lepes, S; sunder-ling, separately, SD. Der.: sundren, to separate, S; i-sundred, pp., S; sundri, separate, S; sondry, C2.

Sunegen, v. to sin, S; sinegen, S; sungið, pl., S; sunegeden, pt. pl., S; sinegeden, S; seneȝden, S; seneȝeden, S; sineged, pp., S; i-suneged, S.—AS. syngian; cp. Icel. syndga.

Sunen, v. to sound, S; see Sounen.

Sungen, pt. pl. sang, S; see Syngen.

Sunne, sb. sun, S. S2; see Sonne.

Sunne, sb. sin, S, S2, PP; senne, S; sinne, S; synne, PP; zenne, S2; sunnen, pl., S; sennenn, S; sinne, S; zennen, S2. Comb.: sun-bend, sin-bond, S; sinne-bendes, pl., S; sun-bote, penance, S; sinbote, S; sunful, sinful, S; senfulle, S; sinfule, S.—AS. synn: OS. sundea; cp. OHG. sunta (Tatian).

Suor, pt. t. of Sweren, q.v.

Sup, v. to sup, drink gradually, eat supper, S3; soop, pt. s., W; sopun, pp., W; sope, W.—AS. súpan, pt. séap (pl. supon), pp. sopen. Cf. Soupen.

Superflue, adj. superfluous, HD; superfluli, adv., W2.—OF. superflu (Cotg.); Lat. superfluum.

Supplement, sb. new piece, patch, S2.—Lat. supplementum.

Supposinge, sb. supposition, C2.

Supposs, conj. supposing, although, S3.

Supprioure, sb. sub-prior, P.

Sur, sb. shower; sures, pl., S; see Schowre.

Sur, adj. sour, S; see Sour.

Sure, adj. sure, PP.—AF. seür; Lat. securum.

Suren, v. to give security to, PP, S3.

Surety, sb. surety; seurtee, C3, S2; seurte, C; souerte, S3.—AF. seürte; Lat. securitatem.

Surfait, sb. surfeit, excess, P; surfet, PP.—AF. surfait, surfet, outrage, annoyance.

Surplys, sb. surplice, C3.—OF. surplis; Late Lat. superpelliceum.

Surquidry, sb. pride, arrogance, WA; surquedry, ND, Spenser 2; surquidrie, CM; succudry, B.—OF. surcuiderie, from surcuider; Lat. super + cogitare, to think.

Surrye, sb. Syria, S2.

Surryen, adj. Syrian, S2.

Suspect, sb. suspicion, C2, HD.—Late Lat. suspectus, suspicion (Ducange).

Suspect, adj. open to suspicion, C2.—Lat. suspectus, pp. of suspicere, to suspect.

Sustene, v. to sustain, C2; susteene, C3; susteyne, PP; sustened, pp., C2; i-susteined, S2; i-sousteined, S2.—AF. sustener, OF. sostenir; Lat. sustinēre.

Suster, sb. sister, S, C2, C3, PP; soster, S2; sustre, P; sustren, pl., S, P; sostren, S2; zostren, S2; sistren, C; sistris, W.—AS. swuster, sweostor; cp. Goth. swistar (Icel. systir), cognate with Lat. soror (for *sosor), Skt. svasr. On the Teutonic intrusive t see Douse, p. 61.

Sute, sb. suit of clothes, clothing of human flesh, also train, suite, PP, Cath., Prompt.—AF. suyte; from suivre, sivre, to follow. See Suen.

Sutel, adj. manifest, SD; suteliche, adv. plainly, S.—AS. sweotol (swutol), see OET; from sweot, an assembly; cp. Icel. sveit.

Suteli, adv. subtly, W; see Sotyle.

Sutelin, v. to be manifest, S.—AS. (ge)sweotulian.

Suð, adj. south, S; see Sowthe.

Suþe, adv. very, S; see Swithe.

Suþþe, afterwards, since, S, S2; see Siððen.

Suthroun, adj. southern, S3; see Sowtherne.

Suun, sb. a swoon, S2; see Swowne.

Suwed, pp. followed, S2; see Suen.

Swa, adv. and conj. so, as, S, S2; swo, S; sa, S, S2; so, S, S2; se, S; sua, S, S2; zuo, S2. Comb.: se-forð, so far, S; so-gat, in such a way, S2.—AS. swá.

Swage, v. to assuage, diminish, W, W2, H, S3. See Aswagen.

Swaliden, pt. pl. dried up, W; see Swelen.

Swamish, adj. timorous, inaudaculus, Manip. See Sweem.

Swappe, sb. a stroke, HD.

Swappen, v. to strike, slash, to fall suddenly, C2; swap, imp. s., C3; swapte, pt. s., C2; pl., S3.

Swarde, sb. covering, skin, turfy surface, sward, Prompt.; swarth, Cath. (n. p. 373); swarthe, HD; swart, HD; sweard, HD. Der.: swardit, pp., grass-covered, S3.—AS. sweard, skin (Voc.); cp. Icel. svörðr (base svarða-), skin of the head, also the sward, surface of the earth.

Sware, adj. square, S2; see Sqware.

Swart, adj. black, S, HD; swarte, S.—AS. sweart: OS. swart; cp. OHG. suarz (Tatian).

Swarve, v. to swerve, S3; see Sweruen.

Swat; see Swot.

Swatte, Swat; see Sweten.

Swe, v. to follow, S3; see Suen.

Sweande; see Sweyen.

Sweem, sb. a swoon, trance, grief, Prompt., SkD (s.v. squeamish); sweam, ‘subita aegrotatio,’ SkD; swaim, Prompt. (n); swem, S; sweme, SkD, HD; sume, S2.—Icel. sveimr, a bustle, stir.

Sweigh, sb. sway, motion, S2, C3. See Sweyen.

Swele, v. to wash, S2; see Swilien.

Swelen, v. to sweal, to waste away under the action of fire, SkD, Trevisa, 3. 325; swale, HD; swaliden, pt. pl., dried up, W.—AS. swélan; from swól, heat (OET).

Swellen, v. to swell; swal, pt. s., S, S2, C2, PP; swollen, pp., C2.—AS. swellan, pt. sweall, pp. swollen.

Swelten, v. to faint, to die, PP; swalt, pt. s., SD; swulten, pl., SD; swelte, pt. s. (weak), C, HD.—AS. sweltan, to die, pt. swealt (pl. swulton); cp. Icel. svelta.

Swelten, v. to destroy, to cause to perish, S2; swelt, pp., SD.—Icel. svelta, to put to death (causal of the above).

Swelth, sb. offscouring, filth, S3, HD, ND. See Swilian.

Swelwen, v. to swallow, C2; see Swolowen.

Swem, sb. a grief, S; see Sweem.

Swenchen, v. to distress, afflict, S; suencten, pt. pl., S; i-swechte, pp., S.—AS. swencan (causal of swincan). See Swinken.

Sweore, sb. neck, S; see Swere.

Sweote, adj. sweet, S; see Swete.

Swep, sb. drift, meaning, S. See Swopen.

Swepe, sb. whip, SD; swepen, pl., S; swupen, S; swepes, S.

Swepen, v. to sweep, SkD; y-sweped, pp., C3. See Swopen.

Swerde, sb. sword, Prompt., PP; swerd, PP, S, C2; sweord, S; suerd, S, S2; zuord, S2.—AS. sweord: OS. swerd; cp. OHG. swert (Tatian).

Swere, sb. neck, S; sweere, G; see Swire.

Sweren, v. to swear, S, S2, C2; swerien, S; sueren, S; swor, pt. s., S: suor, S, S2; sware, S2; sweren, pl., S; sworen, S, C2; suoren, S; suore, S2; sworen, pp., S; swore, C2, G; y-swore, S2, C2; i-suore, S2.—AS. swerian, pt. swór, pp. sworen.

Swering, sb. swearing, C3.

Sweruen, v. to swerve, SkD; swarve, S3; suaruing, pr. p., S3; swarued, pp., S3.—AS. sweorfan, to rub, pt. swearf, pp. sworfen.

Swete, adj. sweet, S, C; sweote, S; suete, S, S2; suote, S2; sote, C2, C3; swete, adv., S; swote, S, C; soote, S3; soot, S3; swettere, comp., W2; sweteliche, adv., sweetly, S; swetlike, S; swetterly, comp. more sweetly, H. Der.: swetnesse, sweetness, S; swotnesse, S.—AS. swéte: OS. swóti cp. OHG. suozi (Tatian).

Sweten, v. to make sweet, S.—AS. swétan.

Sweten, v. to sweat, S, P; swatte, pt. s., S, C2, C3, W2; swattes, 2 pt. s., S; swat, pl., S3.—AS. swǽtan, pt. swǽtte. See Swot.

Sweuen, sb. dream, S, C2; sweuene, S, S2, P, W; swefnes, pl., S.—AS. swefen: OS. sweban.

Sweuenen, v. to dream, SD.

Sweuening, sb. dreaming, S, S2.

Sweuien, v. to send to sleep; sweueð, pr. s., S.—Icel. svefja, to lull to sleep.

Sweyen, v. to sway, to go, walk, pass, SkD, HD; sweiȝen, SD; sweȝen, SkD; sweande, pr. p., S2; swe, pr. pl., S2; seyed, pp., S2.—Cp. Swed. sviga, to bend.

Sweyen, v. to sound, PP; sweien, S.—AS. swégan (causal of swógan). See Swowen.

Sweyne, sb. servant, armiger, Prompt., S; swayn, C2, G; swein, S; sueyn, S; suein, S2.—Icel. sveinn, a boy, lad, servant; cp. AS. swán.

Swi-, prefix, silent. Comb.: swi-dages, still days, days of silence, S; swi-messe, the Canon of the Mass, the silent Mass, S; swi-wike, the still week, SD.—AS. swíge, silence.

Swien, v. to be silent; swigeð, pr. s., S; swiede, pt. s., S.—AS. swían, swígian; cp. OHG. suíigén (Tatian).

Swiere, sb. neck, S; see Swire.

Swike, sb. traitor, deceiver, S; suikes, pl., S.—AS. swica.

Swike, sb. mouse-trap, S; swyke, Voc.; suik, deceit, S2.—AS. swice, ‘scandalum’ (Grein).

Swike, adj. deceitful, SD. Comb.: swikedom, treachery, S, S2; suikedom, S2; swicful, treacherous, S; swikfull, H.—AS. swice.

Swikel, adj. treacherous, S, H; sikil, H; swikilly, adv., H. Comb.: swikeldom, treachery, S; swikeldome, S2; swikelhede, treachery, S; swikelede, S; suikelhede, S2.—AS. swicol.

Swiken, v. to cease, fail, deceive, S; swyken, H; suyken, pt. pl., S.—AS. swícan, pt. swác (pl. swicon), pp. swicen.

Swilien, v. to wash, SkD; swele, S2.—AS. swilian.

Swilk, adj. such, H, S; see Swyche.

Swin, sb. pig, porcus, SD; swyne, Voc.; pl., S.—AS. swín.

Swinden, v. to perish, dwindle away, S; swynde, S.—AS. swindan, pt. swand (pl. swundon), pp. swunden.

Swing, sb. bias, inclination, sway, HD; free course of behaviour, S3; swinge, sway, S3.

Swingen, v. to swing, beat, whip, scourge; swyngen, H; swungen, pp., S; swongen, H; swongyn, H.—AS. swingan, pt. swang (pl. swungon), pp. swungen.

Swink, sb. toil, S, C3; swynk, S2; swinc, S; suinc, S; swinch, S; swunche, S.—AS. (ge)swinc.

Swinken, v. to toil, S, C3, ND; swynke, S2, C; swincke, S3; swanc, pt. s., S; swonc, S; swunken, pl., S; swonken, S2; suank, S2.—AS. swincan, pt. swanc (pl. swuncon), pp. swuncen.

Swinkere, sb. labourer, C.

Swippen, v. to move violently; swipte, pt. s., tossed, S.—AS. swipian.

Swire, sb. neck, CM; swyre, S2, HD; sweore, S; swere, S; sweere, G; swiere S; swyer, HD.—AS. sweora.

Swirk, v. to dart swiftly away, S3.

Swirk, sb. a jerk, a blow, HD.

Swithe, adv. very, greatly, much, quickly, S, S2, P, W, G; swythe, S, S2, C3; swuðe, S; suiðe, S, S2; suyðe, S, S2; suþe, S; swith, S2; swiðeliche, exceedingly, S.—AS. swíðe, adv. from swíð, strong: Goth. swinths.

Swiðen, v. to scorch, burn, SD; swideð, pr. s., S.—Icel. svíða.

Swo, so, as, S; see Swa.

Swogh, sb. a swoon; see Swough.

Swolowe, sb. gulf, W2.

Swolowen, v. to swallow, W2; swolwen, C3; swelwen, C2, Prompt.; swolgen, pp., S; i-swolȝe, S; swolewid, pt. s. weak, W2.—From AS. swelgan, pt. swealh (pl. swulgon), pp. swolgen.

Swongen, pp. beaten, H; see Swingen.

Swonken, pt. pl. toiled (to get), S2; see Swinken.

Swopen, v. to sweep, cleanse, S2, PP, HD, SkD (s.v. swoop).—AS. swápan, pt. swéop, pp. swápen.

Swor, pt. t. of Sweren, q.v.

Swot, sb. sweat, PP, W; swat, S; swote, dat., C3.—AS. swát.

Swote, adj. sweet, S, C; see Swete.

Swouch, v. to make a rustling sound, S3.—AS. swógan. See Swowen.

Swough, sb. the sound of the wind, a sighing, swoon, C, C2, CM, HD; swogh, S3, HD; swowe, S2, HD. See above.

Swowe, sb. swoon, S2; see Swough.

Swowen, v. to faint, swoon, PP; i-swoȝe, pp., S; y-swoȝe, S.—AS. swógan, to make a noise like the wind, to sough, sigh. Cf. Swouch, Swough, Suhien.

Swowne, sb. swoon; sowne, S3; suun, S2; swownde, HD; sound, S3.

Swownen, v. to swoon, C, C2, C3, Prompt., Cath.; swoune, PP.

Swunche, sb. toil, S; see Swink.

Swungen, pp. beaten, scourged, S; see Swingen.

Swunken, pt. pl. worked, toiled, S; see Swinken.

Swupen, pl. whips, scourges, S; see Swepe.

Swuðe, adv. very, quickly, S; see Swithe.

Swyche, adj. such, PP, S2; swiche, S, C2, PP; swuch, S; suich, S2; soche, S; zuyche, S2; siche, W; swice, S; swulche, S; swilch, S; swulc, S; swilc, S; swilk, H, S; suilc, S; suilk, S, S2; silc, S2; sike, S3.—AS. swilc (= swá + líc).

Swymbel, sb. a giddy motion, C.—Cp. Dan. svimmel, giddiness.

Swyme, sb. dizziness, vertigo, HD (s.v. swime), SkD (s.v. swim, 2); swym, SkD.—AS. swíma; see SkD (s.v. squeamish).

Sy, sb. victory, S; see Siȝe.

Syde, adj. and adv. wide, long, far, Cath.; side, S, PP, S2, Cotg. (s.v. robon); syd, Prompt. (n); syyd, Prompt.; cyyd, Prompt.; sydder, comp., P.—AS. síd, wide, síde, far.

Syen, pt. pl. saw; see Seon.

Syke, sb. sigh, C; syk, C2; seych, S3.

Syken, v. to sigh, C, C3, PP; siken, S, S2, PP; syghte, pt. s., C3; sicht, S3; sykede, PP; syked, C2; siȝede, S3.—AS. sícan.

Syment, sb. cement, MD; cyment, MD.—OF. ciment; Lat. caementum; see BH, § 39.

Symented, pp. cemented, S2.

Symulacris, sb. pl. images, idols, W; simylacris, W; symelacris, W.—Lat. simulacrum (Vulg.).

Syn, since, S2, S3; see Siððen.

Synewe, sb. sinew, Prompt.; synow, Voc.; synoghe, S2.—AS. sinu (gen. sinwe), see Sievers, 259.

Syng, sb. sign, S3; singne, W; sygne, PP; signe, PP.—AF. signe; Lat. signum.

Syngabil, adj. pl. things to sing (= Lat. cantabiles), H.

Syngen, v. to sing, PP; singen, S; song, pt. s., S, S3, C2; pl., S3; songe, S3; sungen, pl., S; sunge, pp., S; songe, C2.—AS. singan.

Synguler, adj. sole, alone, excelling all, PP; singuler, S2, C3, W2; relating to one person, S3; singulare, individual, S3; syngulerli, only, W2.—Lat. singularis.

Synnamome, sb. cinnamon, S3; cynamome, MD; synamome, MD; synamon, MD.—OF. cinamome; Lat. cinnamomum (Vulg.); Gr. κινάμωμον; Heb. qinnāmōn.

Synopyr, sb. a pigment of reddish and greenish colour, Prompt.; synopar, S3; cynoper, MD; cinoper, ND; cynope, green, in heraldry, SkD (s.v. sinople).—Cp. OF. sinople, green colour in blazon (Cotg.), also sinope; Late Lat. sinopidem, red ochre; from Gr. σινωπίς, a red earth; from Σινώπη, Sinope, a port on the Black Sea.

Syon, sb. scion, a cutting for grafting, a young shoot, S3, Palsg.; cyun, Prompt.; cion, SkD; sioun, SD; siouns, pl., branches (= Lat. palmites), W2.—OF. cion.

Syrupe, sb. syrup, Cath.; sirop, SkD; soryp, Prompt.; seroppes, pl. syrups, S3.—OF. syrop (Cotg.); Arab. shuráb, syrup, a beverage.

Sythe, sb. scythe, PP, Voc., Prompt.; sithe, P.—AS. síðe (Voc.), sigdi (OET); cp. Icel. sigðr.

Syue, sb. sieve, C3, Prompt.—AS. sife (Voc.), sibi (OET), see Sievers, 262.

Syȝen, pt. pl. saw; see Seon.

Syȝt, sb. sight, S2; see Sighte.

Ta-, Te-.

Ta, v. to take, S2, S3; see Take.

Taa, Comb.: the taa, the one, HD.

Taa, sb. toe, S2; see Too.

Tabard, sb. a short coat or mantle, usually sleeveless, formerly worn by ploughmen, noblemen, and heralds, now by heralds only, HD, SkD, C; tabart, S2, PP; tabarde, PP, Voc.; tabbard, collobium, Prompt.; taberd, Voc.; taberde, Voc.; tabare, Voc.—OF. tabard, tabart, also tabarre (Cotg.); cp. It. tabarro.

Tabarder, sb. a name for scholars at Queen’s College, Oxford, ND.

Tabernacle, sb. a place in which some holy thing is deposited, WA; tabernacles, pl., niches of a lofty cross, S3; ornamental niches, HD; shrines, S3 (1. 181).—Lat. tabernaculum (Vulg.); cp. OF. tabernacle (Cotg.).

Table, sb. in palmistry, a space between certain lines on the hand, HD; tables, pl., a game, now called backgammon, CM. See Tavel.

Tabour, sb. a small drum, SkD; tabur, WA; taber, Voc.—OF. tabor, thabour.

Taburne, sb. a drum, tympanum, WA, Voc., Cath.; taburn, H.

Taburner, sb. a player on the tabor, timpanista, Cath.; taberner, timpanizator, Voc.

Taburnystir, sb. female tabor player (= tympanistria), H.

Tache, sb. a mark, sign, quality, stain, blemish, fault, HD; tacche, HD; tacches, pl., PP; tacchis, HD; teches, S2. Der.: tached, pp., tainted, stained; tachyd, PP.—OF. tache, teche, and OF. tacher, to spot, to stain.

Tache, sb. a clasp, brooch, fibula, Cath. (n), Voc. Cf. Takke.

Tachen, v. to fasten, Cath. (n). Cf. Takken.

Tacne, sb. token, S; see Tokne.

Tacnen, v. to betoken, S; takened, pp., S2.—AS. (ge)tácnian.

Tade, sb. toad, bufo, Voc., Cath., S2; tadde, S. Comb.: tadde-chese, tubera, Voc.; tadde-pol, brucus, Voc.; tadpolle, lumbricus, Voc.; tade-stole, boletus, fungus, Cath.—Cp. AS. tádige (tádie).

Taffata, sb. a thin glossy silk stuff, C, WA, Cotg.; tafata, Palsg.; taffaty, HD.—Low Lat. taffata (Ducange); cp. OF. taffetas (Cotg.).

Tahte, Tagte, pt. s. of Techen.

Tai, they, S; see Þei.

Taille, sb. a tally, an account scored on a piece of wood, C, P; taile, CM, P; tayle, Cath., Prompt.; taly, Prompt.—OF. taille, a cut, a notch, a tally (Cotg.), from tailler, to cut.

Taillour, sb. tailor, S2, PP; tayleȝour, Voc.; taylȝor, Voc.; taylours, PP.—AF. taillour. See above.

Takel, sb. implement, tackle, arrow, C, SkD; tacle, Prompt.; takil, B. Der.: takild, pp., caught, seized, H.—Cp. Du. takel.

Taken, v. to take, to deliver, yield up, hand over, to hit, reflex., to betake oneself, S, S2, S3, G, PP, W; tæcen, S; ta, S2, S3, B; toc, pt. s., S: tok, S, S2; tuk, S3; toke, 2 pt. s., S; token, pl., S, W2; taken, pp., S3; take, S2, C, C2; y-take, S2, C2; i-take, S; tane, S2, S3; tan, S2. Phr.: taken with, to endure, accept, S; taken to, to take to, S (s.v. tok); taken kepe, to take heed, C2; taken tome, to vacate, H.—Icel. taka.

Taken, sb. token, S2; see Tokne.

Taking, sb. snare; takyng, W2.

Takke, sb. button, clasp, Prompt. Cf. Tache.

Takken, v. to fasten, to sew together, Prompt. Cf. Tachen.

Takning, sb. signification, S2; see Toknynge.

Tal, adj. seemly, Prompt.

Talde, pt. s. of Tellen.

Tale, sb. account, reckoning, tale, narrative, talk, the gospel narrative, S, S2, C2, PP. Comb.: tale-tellour, tale-bearer, PP; tale-wys, slanderous, PP; tal-wis, PP.—AS. talu, ‘numerus, narratio’; cp. OHG. zala ‘numerus’ (Tatian).

Talen, v. to speak, C, S2.—AS. talian, to reckon (Grein).

Talent, sb. desire, inclination, appetite, B, Prompt., C3, HD.—OF. talent, desire (BH); Late Lat. talentum (Ducange).

Talvace, sb. a kind of buckler or shield, HD; talvas, HD.—OF. talevas, talvas (Ducange), also tallevas (Cotg.); cp. Low Lat. talavacius (Ducange).

Talyage, sb. a taxing, Prompt. (s.v. taske); tallage, flavour, S3; talage, HD.—Low Lat. talliagium, a taxing, testing public weights and measures (Ducange).

Tan, pp. taken, S2; see Take.

Tancrit, adj. transcribed; tancrete, S3.—OF. tancrit; Lat. transcriptum (Ducange).

Tang, sb. sea-weed, SkD, JD. Comb.: tang-fish, the seal, JD.—Icel. þang.

Tangle, sb. sea-weed, HD, JD.—Icel. þöngull.

Tangle, v. to twist confusedly; tangell, Palsg.; tangild, pp., ensnared, H (p. 149).

Tapecer, sb. a maker of tapestry, Prompt.; tapicer, C; tapesere, Prompt.—OF. tapissier, from tapis, tapiz; Late Gr. ταπίτιον, for ταπήτιον. Cf. Tapet.

Tapecerye, sb. tapestry, HD.—OF. tapisserie.

Tapet, sb. cloth, hangings, tapestry, Prompt., ND; tappet, HD; tapite, S3; tapyt, Voc.; tapett, Cath.; tapetis, pl. (= Lat. tapetes), W2; tapites, HD; tapets, S3. Der.: tapiter, a maker of tapestry, HD.—Lat. tapete, from Gr. ταπήτιον Cf. Tapecer.

Tapinage, sb. secret sculking, HD.—OF. tapinage (Ducange); cp. tapir, to hide (Cotg.).

Tapissynge, sb. hangings, H.

Tappe, sb. a tap, clipsidra, Prompt.; teppe, SD. Comb.: tap-tre, clipsidra, HD, Cath.

Tappestere, sb. a female tapster, C; tapstare, propinaria. Prompt.

Tarette, sb. ship of heavy burden, S2.—Low Lat. tareta, also tarida (Ducange); cp. OF. taride.

Targe, sb. a charter, Prompt.

Targe, sb. a small shield, C, S2, Voc.—OF. targe (BH); cp. targue (Cotg.).

Target, sb. a small targe, Prompt.; targett, Voc.; tergate, S3; targattes, pl., SkD.—Low Lat. targeta; cp. It. targhetta (Florio).

Tarien, v. to delay, to hinder, C2; to tarry, W2, S3; see Terien.

Tarne, sb. a girl, HD.—Icel. þerna; cp. OHG. thiarna (Otfrid); see Kluge (s.v. dirne). See Þerne.

Tarne, sb. a tarn; see Terne.

Tas, sb. heap, C; taas, C; tasse, Prompt., HD.—OF. tas, stack, heap (BH); cp. Du. tas, Low Lat. tassis (Voc.), tassus (Ducange).

Taske, sb. a taxing, Prompt.; a task, HD, Palsg.—Cp. Late Lat. tasca for taxa, a tax. See Taxen.

Tasker, sb. a thrasher, Voc., HD; taskar, B; taskur, Bardsley.

Tassel, sb. male hawk; see Tercel.

Tast, sb. taste, S3, PP; taast, Prompt.

Tasten, v. to feel, touch, kiss, taste, C3, PP; taasten, Prompt.; tast, pt. s., probed, HD.—OF. taster, to feel by touch, to taste (F. tâter); Late Lat. *taxitare, frequent. of Lat. taxare, to handle.

Tatter, a shred, loose-hanging rag, a ragged person, ND, SkD; totters, pl., rags, Sh. Der.: tatered, adj., jagged, S3.—Icel. tötturr (for tölturr), töturr.

Tauny, adj. tawny, P; tanny, Prompt.—AF. taune, OF. tanne, tawny, tanned, pp. of taner, to tan (BH).

Tavel, sb. the game of ‘tables’, backgammon, SD. Comb.: tævel-bred, backgammon-board, SD.—AS. tæfel, ‘alea’ (Voc.); Lat. tabula. See Table.

Tavelen, v. to play at ‘tables’, S.

Taverne, sb. an inn, Prompt., Voc.—AF. taverne; Lat. taberna.

Taverner, sb. inn-keeper, C2, HD, P, Voc.; tavernere, Prompt.—AF. taverner; Late Lat. tabernarium.

Tawen, v. to prepare leather, SkD; tewen, Prompt.; taw, to dress hemp, HD; tawed, pp., hardened with labour, S3; i-tauwed, S.—AS. tawian, to prepare, dress leather, to scourge.

Tawer, sb. a tanner, SD, SkD.

Tawnen, v. to shew, S; taunede, pt. s., SD.—Cp. ODu. toonen and MHG. zounen for zougenen, from OHG. zougjan for azougjan (see Lexer); cp. AS. æt-ýwan. See Awnen.

Taxen, v. to tax, SkD, PP.—AF. taxer; Lat. taxare.

Taxoure, sb. a taxer, P.

Tayl, sb. tail, a retinue, train of followers, S2, C2, PP; taile, S2, PP; tayle, Cath.—AS. tægl: Goth. tagl, hair.

Tayt, adj. glad, cheerful, brisk, S3; teyte, pl., HD.—Icel. teitr.

Te-, prefix; same as To- (2).

Teald, pp. of Tellen.

Teares, pl. tears, S; see Tere.

Techen, v. to teach, S, C2, S2; teachen, S; tache, S; tahte, pt. s., S; taihte, S; tagte, S; tahtes, 2 pt. s., S; tehten, pl., S; taucht, pp., S3; y-taȝt, S2; y-taught, C2.—AS. tǽcan, pt. tǽhte, pp. tǽht.

Teches, sb. pl. marks, signs, S2; see Tache.

Teer, sb. tear, C2; see Tere.

Teise, sb. a fathom, HD.—AF. teise (OF. toise); Late Lat. tensa. Cf. Teyse.

Teiȝen, v. to tie, bind, S2; see Tiȝen.

Teld, sb. a covering, tent, SkD (s.v. tilt); telde, S2, HD; telte, Prompt.; tilde, PP (p. 779).—AS. (ge)teld, a tent; cp. Icel. tjald.

Telden, v. to pitch a tent, to erect a building, to dwell, PP; tilden, S3; tilde, pt. s., PP; tulde, PP; telt, HD; teldit, pp., PP; tyld, S3.

Tele, sb. sorcery, magic, HD.

Telen, v. to reprove, to scoff at, S; tælen, S.—ONorth. telan (Luke 7. 30), AS. tǽlan, to blame, from tálu, ‘calumnia’ (Grein).

Telie, v. to till, cultivate, PP; see Tilien.

Telinge, sb. husbandry, culture, study, practice of magic; telynge, HD; tulyinge, PP; teolunges, pl., S.—AS. teolung, tilung, tilling, culture, study.

Tellen, v. to tell, count, esteem, S, S2; telst, 2 pr. s., S; telð, pr. s., S, S2; tellus, pl., S2; talde, pt. s., S; tolde, S2, PP; telld, S2; tolden, pl., S; talden to, accounted, S; telden, W; teald, pp., S; talde, S2; ytold, C2, S2; i-told, S; told, S2.—AS. tellan, pt. tealde, pp. ge-teald. See Tale.

Teme, sb. theme, subject, text, PP; teeme, S2, PP.—OF. theme; Lat. thema; Gr. θέμα.

Teme, v. to tame, H; temyd, pp. H.—AS. temian (Voc.): Goth. (ga)tamjan.

Temen, v. to bring forward as witness, S.—AS. téman, týman (Schmid), from téam, a summoning for warranty (Schmid).

Temen, v. to make empty, to pour out, HD, Prompt., Cath., H; tume, JD; teym, JD.—Icel. tœma, to empty; from tómr, empty. See Tome.

Temp, v. to tempt, H; tent, to probe, Sh.; temped, pp., HD.—OF. tempter (F. tenter); Lat. tentare.

Temporal, adj. lasting but for a short time, S2.—OF. temporel; Lat. temporalem (Vulg.).

Temporalite, sb. temporal power, PP; temperaltes, temporalities, PP.—AF. temporalitee.

Tempre, v. to temper, moderate, restrain, PP, C2; temperid, pp., directed, W2; tempred, fitted, attuned, S2, PP.—OF. temprer (F. tremper); Lat. temperare.

Tempre, adj. tempered, modified, temperate, H.—OF. tempre.

Ten, v. to draw, pull, train, also to go, mount, reflex. to conduct oneself, S; teon, S; tuen, HD; te, HD; teð, pr. s., S; tuhen, pt. pl., S; i-toȝen, pp., S; i-tohen, S. Comb.: ful-itohe, badly trained, S.—AS. téon, pt. téah (pl. tugon), pp. togen: Goth. tiuhan; cp. Lat. ducere; see Brugmann, § 65.

Tend, adj. ord. tenth, S2, B; tende, HD.

Tende, sb. a tenth, HD; teind, tithe, S3; tendis, pl., H.—Icel. tíund, a tenth.

Tende, v. to tithe, Cath.

Tenden, v. to kindle, set fire to, S2, W; teenden, W; tind, HD; tendeden, pt. pl., PP; tenden, PP; tendyn, PP; tende, S2; y-tend, pp., S2.—AS. tendan (in on-tendan): Goth. tandjan, causal of *tindan, to burn.

Tene, sb. grief, vexation, injury, S, S2, S3, PP, B; teene, PP; teone, S, S2, PP; teyne, B; tyene, S2.—AS. téona.

Tenen, v. to vex, trouble, injure, PP; teene, PP; teonen, PP.—AS. týnan.

Tennes, sb. tennis, S3; see Tenyse.

Tenserie, sb. an extraordinary impost, robbery, S (2. 42).—OF. tenserie; Late Lat. tensaria.

Tente, sb. a tent, C2, PP.—OF. tente (Bartsch); Late Lat. tenta, cloth stretched.

Tente, sb. intention, purpose, PP; tent, attention, care, heed, S2, JD, W, W2, H.—OF. atente (BH).

Tentyf, adj. attentive, CM; tentifly, adv., attentively, C2.—OF. attentif.

Tenyse, sb. tennis, Palsg.; teneys, tenisia, Prompt.; tennes, S3, SkD.

Teolung, sb. magical practice, S; see Telinge.

Teon, v. to draw, S; see Ten.

Teone, sb. grief, S; see Tene.

Terce, adj. a third, SkD; tierce, the third hour (canonical), SkD; tyerse, SkD.—AF. terce, tierce, OF. terc, tiers, tierce; Lat. tertia.

Tercel, sb. the male of any kind of hawk, CM, Prompt., Sh.; tercelle, Voc.; terselle, Cath.; tassel, Sh.; tassell, Cotg.—AF. tercel, from OF. terce.

Tercelet, sb. a small hawk, C2.—AF. tercelet, OF. tiercelet (Cotg.).

Tere, sb. tear, S, C2; teer, C2; teares, pl., S.—AS. téar, also teagor, OHG. zahar (Tatian); cp. Gr. δάκρυ; see Douse, p. 94.

Teren, v. to tear, S.—AS. teran, cp. Goth. (ga)tairan.

Teren, v. to tar, S. See Terre.

Tergate, sb. a small shield, S3; see Target.

Terien, v. to vex, irritate, to make weary, to delay, hinder, irritare, fatigare; teryyn, Prompt.; terwin, Prompt.; terre, W, W2; tarien, C2; y-taryed, pp., S2.—AS. tergan, to vex.

Terien, v. to tarry, to delay; teryyn, Prompt.; taryen, CM; tarien, W2, S3.—The same word as above; for change of sense cp. AS. dreccan, to vex, with the equivalent ME. drecchen, to tarry (q.v.).

Terme, sb. term, period, S, C2; termes, pl., expressions, examples, PP, C2; limits, ends, W, W2.—AF. terme; Lat. terminum.

Terminen, v. to determine, limit, W; itermynet, pp., S2; y-termyned, PP.—AF. terminer, to determine.

Terne, sb. a tarn, small lake, S2; tarne, Manip.—Icel. tjörn (tjarn-).

Terre, sb. tar, Prompt.; tarre, PP; teer, HD; ter, B.—AS. teoru (Voc.).

Terre, v. to provoke, W, W2; see Terien.

Terryng, sb. a provoking, W2.

Teruagant, sb. one of the seven gods of Hengest, S; Termagant, a supposed god of the Saracens, ND; one of the characters in the old moralities, ND, Sh., TG; Trivigant, ND.—OF. Tervagant, also Tervagan, one of the three gods of the Saracens (Roland); cp. It. Trivigante (Ariosto).

Teste, sb. a pot in which metals are tried, HD, SkD, C3; teest, HD. Phr.: to bring to the test, lit. to bring to the refiner’s vessel, Sh.—OF. teste, a refiner’s vessel; Lat. testa, a vessel used in alchemy, orig. a piece of baked earthenware, also shell of fish, skull, head. Cp. OF. test (F. têt), a test in chemistry, orig. a potsherd, see Bartsch.

Testere, sb. a head-piece, helmet, tester for a bed, SkD, HD; teester, Prompt.; tester, C; testar, Palsg.—OF. testiere, head-piece (Cotg.).

Testif, adj. headstrong, testy, CM; testie, S3.—OF. testif (Palsg.).

Te-tealte, adj. quite unstable, in jeopardy, S2. (To- 2.)

Teð, pr. s.; teð up, mounts, S; see Ten.

Tewelle, sb. the pipe of a chimney, HD; tuel, a pipe, HD.—OF. tuel, tuyel (F. tuyau): Sp. tudel; of Teutonic origin; see Kluge (s.v. düte), and Weigand (s.v. zotte).

Texte, sb. text, scripture, SkD; text, Cath., C2; tixte, PP, S2; tixt, PP; tyxte, PP; tyxt, PP.—OF. texte; Lat. textum.

Textuel, adj. literal, C3.

Teye, sb. a coffer, Prompt.—OF. teie (toie); Lat. thēca; cp. F. taie.

Teyne, sb. a thin plate of metal, C3.

Teyrre, of them, S; see Þei.

Teyse, v. to poise for shooting, HD; tasit, pt. s., B; taisand, pr. p., HD.—OF. toiser, to measure (Cotg.). See Teise.

Teyte, adj. pl. cheerful, HD; see Tayt.

Th.

Th, an abbreviation of the article the, ND. Comb.: thair, S2; thangel, C2; tharmes, C; tharray, S2, C2; thassemblee, S2, C3; thavys, the advice, C; theffect, C2; theffusion, S3; thegle, C2; thembatel, S3; themperice, S; themperour, S2, C3; thencens, C; thenchauntement, C; thencres, C; thende, S, S2, S3; thentencioun, C3; therle, S3; thestat, C; thimage, C2; thingot, C3; thold, S3; thorient, C2; thorisoun, C; thothre, S, S3.

Þa, art. def. fem. the, S; dat. masc., S; pl., S; pron. pl., who, S; see Þe.

Þam, art. dat. s. and pl. the, S; see Þe. And see Þei.

Þan, art. dat. and acc. the, S; see Þe.

Þan, adv. then; see Þanne.

Þane, art. acc. masc. the, S; see Þe.

Þane, adv. then, S; see Þanne.

Þane, sb. thane, S2; see Þeyn.

Þanen, adv. thence, S; þanene, S2.—AS. þanon.

Þank, sb. a thought, a thank, gratitude, grace; þanc, S; þonc, S; þonk, S, PP; þance, dat., S; þonke, S, S2; þankes, pl., PP; thonkes, PP, S2. Phr.: can þanc, con þonk, is thankful, S; here þankes, gen. as adv., of their own thought, spontaneously, S, C.—AS. þanc; cp. OHG. thanc (Otfrid).

Þanken, v. to thank, PP, S; þonken, PP, S, S2.—AS. þancian.

Þanne, adv. then, when, S, PP, S2, C; þann, S; þane, S; þan, S, S2, C2; þenne, S, PP, S2; þene, S, PP; þen, S; þeonne, S.—AS. þænne.

Þanne, conj. than, S; þane, S; þan, S2; þenne, S; þenn, S; þene, S; þen, S, PP.—AS. þænne.

Þanne, adv. thence, S2; see Þenne.

Þar, pt.-pr. s. impers. it needs, opus est, B, H; thare, H; þarf, S; tharst, 2 pt.-pr. s., PP; thart, pt.-pr. s., HD. Comb.: thardestow, thou wouldst need, PP; see Þurfen.

Þar-, prefix; see Þer-.

Þare, art. dat. f. to the, S; see Þe.

Þarmes, sb. pl. entrails, HD.—AS. þearm (Voc.); for cognates see Kluge (s.v. darm).

Þarne, v. to lack, want, HD, H; tharn, H; tharnys, pr. s., H; tharnyd, pt. s., H.—Icel. þarnask (for þarfnask), to lack.

Þas, pron. dem. pl. those, S, S2; see Þes.

Þat, pron. dem., pron. rel. and conj. that, S, S2; þet, S, S2; at, S2, S3, H, NED.—AS. þæt. See Þe.

Þauien, v. to permit, SD; þeauien, S; thave, HD.—AS. þafian.

Þe, pron. dem. and def. art. m. that man, the, S; þæ, S; te, S; to, S; þat, n., S, S2; þet, S, S2; tat, S; tatt, S; þes, gen. m., S; þes þe, so much the (more), S; þas, S; þane, acc. m., S, S2; þan, S, S2; þene, S; þenne, S; þen, S, S2; þam, dat. m., S; þan, S; þen, S, S2; þon, S; þo, S; þa, S; þeo, nom. f., S; þære, dat. f. and gen. f.; þare, S; þere, S; þar, S; þer, S; þa, acc. f., S; þo, S; þeo, S; þie, S; þe, inst. as in þe bet, the better, PP. Comb.: the self, itself, H.—ONorth. ðé, see Sievers, 337.

Þe, pron. rel. who, which, S.—AS. ðe (the indeclinable relative pronoun). See above.

Þe, conj. than, S.—AS. ðe, ‘quam.’

Þeaw, sb. habit, virtue, S; see Þew.

Þedam, sb. prosperity, Prompt., HD. See Þeen.

Þede, sb. pl. nations, S2 (3. 29); see Þeode.

Þeden, adv. thence, S; see Þeþen.

Þeder, adv. thither, S2; see Þider.

Þeef, sb. thief, C2; see Þeof.

Þeen, v. to thrive, vigere, Prompt.; thee, S3, C2, C3, Spenser (2), HD; the, C, HD; the, 1 pr. s. subj., PP; theech (thee + ich), may I thrive, C3; theich, PP; þeagh, pt. s., SD; i-þeȝ, S2.—AS. (ge)þéon: *þíhan; cp. Goth. theihan; see Sievers, 383, Douse, p. 40.

Þefe, sb. leafy branch, twig; theve, Prompt. Comb.: thefethorn, buckthorn, Alph. (n. p. 156), Voc.; thefthorne, H; thewethornys, pl., morus, Voc.; thethorne, ramnus, Prompt.; the thorntre, Voc.—AS. þýfe (þéfe), þefe-þorn, ‘ramnus’ (Voc.), ðeofeðorn (Voc.); cf. AS. þúfian, ‘frutescere’ (Voc.).

Þei, pron. pl. they, S, PP, C; þeȝȝ, S; teȝȝ, S; þai, S, PP, S2; tai, S; the, S3; þeȝȝre, gen., S; teȝȝre, S; thair, S2; thayr, PP; þar, S2, S3; þeȝȝm, dat. acc., S; thaim, S2; thaym, PP; tham, S2. Comb.: þam-selue, themselves, S2.—Icel. þeir, they (Dan. de), gen. þeirra, dat. þeim; cp. AS. ðá, those. See Þe.

Þein, sb. thane, S; see Þeyn.

Þellyche, pron. such, S2; see Þulli.

Þenchen, v. to think, to intend, S, S2; þenken, PP, S; þohte, pt. s., S, S2; þoȝte, S; þoght, S2; thoucte, S; þouhten, pl., S; þoght, pp., S2; þouht, PP; thouct, S.—AS. þencan, pt. þóhte, pp. (ge)þóht. See Þynken.

Þene, art. acc. masc. the, S; þen, S; see Þe.

Þenien, v. to serve; þenið, pr. pl., S. Der.: þeninge, services, S.—AS. þénian, þegnian, from þegn. See Þeyn.

Þenne, than; also then; see Þanne.

Þenne, adv. thence, S; þanne, S2; þonne, S; þeonne, S2, PP. See Þanen.

Þennes, adv. thence, PP, S2, C2, C3; thennus, W. Comb.: thennes-forth, thenceforth, C2.

Þeode, sb. people, nation, S; þiode, S; þeode, pl., orders (of angels), S; nations, S2; þede, S2; þeden, dat., S.—AS. þéod; cp. Goth. thiuda, OHG. thiota (Tatian).

Þeof, sb. thief, S, PP; thef, PP; þyef, S2; theef, C2, Prompt.; þeue, dat., S; þieue, S; þeofes, pl., S; þeoues, S, PP; theues, W2; theueli, in a thief-like manner, W2; þeofte, theft, S; þefte, PP, Prompt.—AS. þéof: Goth. thiubs; cp. OHG. thiob (Tatian).

Þeorrf, adj. unleavened, S; see Þerf.

Þeos, pron. dem. f. this, S; see Þes.

Þeoster, sb. darkness, S.—AS. þéostru: OS. thiustri.

Þeostre, adj. dark, S; see Þester.

Þeow, sb. servant; þeoww, S. Der.: þeou-dom, bondage; þeoudome, dat., S.—AS. þéow: Goth. thius; cp. OHG. thiu, ‘ancilla’ (Otfrid).

Þeowten, v. to serve; þeowwtenn, S.—From AS. þéowet, service.

Þer, pron. dem. pl. these, S2, HD; there, H; þir, S2, H. S3, JD; those, B.—Icel. þeir, they. See Þei.

Þer-, prefix, SkD (s.v. there-). Comb.: þerfore, for it, for that cause, PP, S, C2; þerfor, S, S2; þeruore, S2; þereuore, S; þarfore, S, S2; þaruore, S; þareuore, S; þærfore, S; þerinne, therein, S, S2, C2; þærinne, S; þarinne, S; þrinne, S, S2; thrynne, G; þarin, S, S2; þerin, S; þerwið, therewith, S, C2; þarwið, S, S2; þerwiȝt, S2; þærwiðð, S; þermide, therewith, S; þeremyde, P; þarmid, S; þerof, thereof, S, C2; þrof, S.—AS. ðǽre, pron. dem. dat. f.; see Þe.

Þere, adv. there, where, S, S2, S3; þare, S; þore, S, S2; þer, S, S2, S3; þar, S, S2; þor, S; þear, S; þiar, S; þær, S; tær, S (in Ormulum). Comb.: þer aboute, thereabouts, S2; þare amang, at various times, S2; þer an under, there beneath, S2; þere as, where that, S3; þer biuore, before then, S2; þer before, S; þer efter, thereafter, S; ther on, thereon, C2; þron, S; þrute, thereout, S; þer oȝeines, in comparison therewith, S; þare ogayne, S2; þorquiles, meanwhile, S; þere whiles, P; þertil, thereto, S; þortil, S; þerto, thereto, S, S2, C2, C3; þarto, S2; þer towart, against it, S; þer uppe, besides, S; þruppe, thereupon, S.—AS. þær: Goth. thar.

Þere, art. gen. and dat. f. of the, to the, S; see Þe.

Þerf, adj. unleavened, W, S2, PP; þeorrf, S. Comb.: therf looues, unleavened bread, W; therf breed, HD.—AS. þeorf; cp. Icel. þjarfr.

Þerfling, adj. unleavened; þerrflinng, S.

Þerne, sb. a girl, SD (Havelok, 298); see Tarne.

Þes, pron. dem. m. this, S; þis, S; þis, n., S; þeos, f., S; teos, S; þesses, gen. m., S; þisse, gen. f., S; þissen, dat. m., S; þisse, dat. f., S; þisser, S; þesser, S; þeser, S; þas, acc. f., S; þas, pl., S, S2; þos, S; þeos, S; þes, C, W2; these, W2; þues, S2; þis, S2; þies, S3; þisse, dat. pl., S; þise, S2, C2; þyse, S2; þesen, S.—AS. þes, see Sievers, 338, and SkD (s.v. this).

Þester, adj. dark, HD; þyester, S2; þeostre, S, þuster, S.—AS. þéostre: OS. thiustri.

Þesternesse, sb. darkness, S, PP; þyesternesse, S2; þiesternesse, S; þeosternesse, S.—AS. þéosternis.

Þestrien, v. to become dark, S.—AS. þystrian.

Þet, pron. that; see Þat, Þe.

Þeþen, adv. thence; þeþenn, S; þeden, S; thethyn, H.—Icel. þeðan, þaðan (Dan. deden).

Þeues, sb. pl. thieves, W2; see Þeof.

Þew, sb. habit, practice, virtue, S2; þeaw, S; þeawes, pl., manners, virtues, S; þæwess, S; þewes, PP, S2, C2, C3; thewis, W; thewys, H. Comb.: þeauful, moral, virtuous; þeaufule, pl., S.—AS. þéaw, habit.

Þewed, adj. mannered; thewde, S3. Phr.: wel þewed, S.

Þeyn, sb. service (?), S2.

Þeyn, sb. thane, warrior, attendant at a king’s court, S; þein, SkD, S; thane, S2, Sh.—AS. þegn (þén), Icel. þegn: OS. thegan, a youth, disciple, knight, warrior; cp. OHG. thegan (Otfrid).

Þi, pron. poss. thy, S; see Þou.

Þicke, adj. thick, S; þikke, S2, C2; thykke, Prompt.; thicke, adv., S; þikke, S, PP; þicce, S.—AS. þicce, adj. and adv.: OS. thikki.

Þicke, sb. thicket, S3.

Þider, adv. thither, S, PP, S2, C3; þuder, S, PP; þeder, S2; þedyr, S2, PP. Comb.: þider-ward, thitherward, S, S2; þuder-ward, S2.—AS. þider.

Þie, art. f. the, S; see Þe.

Þies, pron. dem. pl. these, S3; see Þes.

Þiesternesse, sb. darkness, S; see Þesternesse.

Þild, sb. patience, S.—AS. (ge)þyld: OS. gi-thuld. See Þolien.

Þildiliȝ, adv. patiently, S.

Þilk, adj. that, that very, that sort of, such, W; thylke, S3; thilke, C2, C3, W2, S; þulke, pl., S2, PP.—AS. þylc; cp. Icel. þvílíkr, such.

Þin, pron. poss. thy, thine, S; see Þou.

Þing, sb. thing, affair, property, S; pl., S, C3; þyng, PP; þinge, S, PP; þynge, S2; þinges, S, C2; þinkes, S; þenges, S; þynges, PP.—AS. þing.

Þiode, sb. people, S; see Þeode.

Þir, pron. dem. pl. those, these, S2, H, S3, JD, B; see Þer.

Þire, pron. poss. dat. f. thy, S; see Þou.

Þirlen, v. to pierce, C, S2, H; see Þurlen.

Þis, Þise, Þisse, &c.; see Þes.

Þistel, sb. thistle, Voc.; thystell, Voc.; thystylle, Voc., Prompt.; thrissil, S3. Comb.: thistle-finch, linnet, HD.—AS. þistel (Voc.): OHG. thistila (Tatian); cp. Icel. þistill.

Þit, put for þe it, who it, S; see Þe.

Þo, pron. dem. and def. art. pl. those, they, them, the, S, S2, C, PP, W2; þoo, S2, S3, W2, PP; þa, S, S2, H; þaa, S2; þeo, S; þe, S; þam, dat., S; þan, S, S2; þa, S.—AS. þá, dat. þǽm (þám). See Þe.

Þo, adv. then, when, S, S2, S3, C, C2, C3, PP; þoo, PP; þa, S.—AS. ðá.

Þo, art. acc. f. the, S; see Þe.

Þoght, sb. thought, anxiety, S2, C2; þohht, S; þogt, S; þouht, S, PP; thought, C2; þoȝte, dat., S; þuȝte, S; þohtes, pl., S; þoȝtes, S2. Der.: þoghtful, thoughtful; þoghtfulest, superl., S2.—AS. (ge)þóht. See Þenchen.

Þohte, pt. s. of Þenchen.

Þolemode, adj. patient, H, HD; tholemodely, adv., H.

Þolemodnes, sb. patience, H, HD, S2.

Þolien, v. to suffer, S, S2; þolyen S, S2; þolen, S, S2, H, PP, HD; þoland, pr. p., B; þolede, pt. s., S, S2, S3; þaleð, pr. s., S.—AS. þolian; cp. OHG. tholén (Tatian).

Þombe, sb. thumb, PP, C, C2; thome, HD.—AS. þúma (Voc.); cp. G. daumen; see Kluge.

Þonc, sb. thought, mind, S; see Þank.

Þondringe, sb. thundering, S2.

Þoner, sb. thunder, the god Thunor, S2, S; thonur, H; þunre, S; thonder, C, C2; þunder, S2. Comb.: þunres dæi, the day of Thunor, Thursday, S; þunder-þrast, stroke of thunder, S2.—AS. þunor, thunder, also Thunor, the thunder-god; cp. OHG. thonar (Tatian). Cf. Þorr.

Þoneren, v. to thunder, S2; thonord, H (Ps. 17. 15).—AS. þunrian.

Þonken, v. to thank, S, S2; see Þanken.

Þonwanges, sb. pl. the temples, HD.—Icel. þunn-vangi, the thin cheek (CV.).

Þong, sb. a slip of leather, S; see Þwong.

Þorn, sb. thorn, SD; thorne, Prompt. Comb.: thorne-garthis, hedges (= Lat. sepes), H (Ps. 88. 39).—AS. þorn.

Þorp, sb. a village, hamlet, farm, SkD; þrop, S, C2; thropes, gen., C3; thrope, dat., C2; þorpes, pl., PP; þropes, PP; þroupes, PP.—AS. þorp, Icel. þorp; cp. OHG. thorph (Tatian).

Þorr, sb. the god Thor, the god of thunder. Comb.: þors-day, Thor’s day, Thursday, PP; þorisdai, S.—Icel. þórr, þórsdagr.

Þoru, prep. through, S; þorw, S; þorȝ, S2; see Þurgh.

Þos, pron. dem. pl. these, S; see Þes.

Þou, pron. thou, SD; þu, S, PP; tu, S; þe, dat. and acc., S, S2, C2; þei, S2; te, S; þin, gen. and poss., S, S2; þi, S; tin, S; ti, S; þire, poss. dat. f., S; þina, S; tine, pl. dat., S. Comb.: þut (= þu + it), S; þeself, thyself, S; þesellf, S; þe-selue, S; þe-suluen, S; þe-seoluen, S.—AS. þú.

Thoue, v. to say ‘thou’; thowis, 2 pr. s., S3.

Þouht, sb. thought, S; see Þoght.

Thowe, sb. thaw, Prompt.

Thowen, v. to thaw, CM, Prompt.—AS. þáwan.

Þoȝ, conj. though, nevertheless, PP; þowȝ, PP; þowgh, PP; þouȝe, PP; þoh, SD; þohh, S; thocht, S3; thoucht, S3; thofe, HD; þof, S2, WA; of, WA; þauh, S, PP; þah, S, S2; þaȝ, S2; þaȝt, S2; þeh, S; þeih, S; þeiȝ, PP; þeyȝ, S2; þeigh, PP; þeiȝe, PP; þeȝ, S; þei, S2; þey, S2, G. Comb.: þah-hweðer, nevertheless, S; þeih-hweþere, S; þoþwæthere, S; þof-queþer, S2; þaȝles, nevertheless, S2; þahles yef, unless, S2.—AS. þéah (þéh): Goth. thauh.

Þoȝte, sb. dat. thought, S; see Þoght.

Þoȝte, pt. s. of Þenchen. See also Þynken.

Þra, adj. eager, B; see Þro.

Þral, sb. servant, slave, thrall, S, C2, C3; thrall, S3; þralle, dat., S; threllis, pl., B; þralles, S, PP. Comb.: eorðe-þrelles, slaves upon earth, S; þral-dom, slavery, S, PP, C3; thrildome, B; þral-hod, slavery, S; þral-shipe, slavery, S; þral-sipe, S; þrel-weorkes, thrall-works, S.—ONorth. þrǽl; Icel. þræll.

Þrallen, v. to put into bondage; thralled, pt. s., S2.

Þrasten, v. to oppress, afflict, S.—AS. (ge)þræstan, to twist, hurt, torment.

Þraw, sb. space of time, S2; see Þrowe.

Þreaten, v. to threaten, S; see Þreten.

Þred, ord. third, S2; see Þridde.

Threed, sb. thread, C, SkD; þred, S; þræd, S; threde, Prompt. Comb.: þredbare, threadbare, C, PP, SkD.—AS. þrǽd, a dental derivative from þráwan, to twist; cp. OHG. drát (G. draht), from drájan; see Kluge (s.v.), and Douse, p. 101. See Þrowen.

Þrelles, sb. pl. thralls, slaves, S; see Þral.

Þrengen, v. to press, SD; þrengde, pt. s., S. Causal of Þringen.

Þreo, num. three, S, S2, PP; þre, S, PP; þree, PP; þri, S; þrie, S. Comb.: þreohad, Trinity, S; þreottene, thirteen, S; þrettene, S2, PP; þrettyne, PP; thretend, thirteenth, S2; thritteind, S2; þretti, thirty, PP; þrette, S2; þritty, PP; þritti, S2; þrines, Trinity; þrunnesse, S; thresum, with three at a time, B.—AS. þréo.

Þrep, sb. controversy, contradiction, S2; threpe, JD.

Þrepen, v. to maintain a point obstinately in contradiction to another, to assert, C3, CM, JD; threape, HD.—AS. þréapian.

Þreschen, v. to thresh, beat, PP; thresshe, S, C; þrosshenn, pp., S; y-þorsse, S2.—AS. þerscan; see Douse, p. 112.

Þrescwolde, sb. threshold, PP; threschwolde, Prompt.; thresshewolde, P; threshfold, C2; threshfod, HD.—AS. þrescold, Icel. þreskoldr; cp. OHG. driscufli; see Douse, p. 110.

Þrestelcoc, sb. throstle, S2; see Þrustel.

Þrete, sb. threat, S.—AS. þréat, pressure.

Þreten, v. to menace, S2, Prompt., HD; þreaten, S.—AS. þréatian, to reprove.

Threting, sb. menace, C3; thretynges, pl., W.

Thretnen, v. to threaten, W2; thretenede, pt. s., W.

Þrette, num. thirty, S2; see Þreo.

Þrettene, num. thirteen, S2; see Þreo.

Þridde, ord. third, S, S2, PP; þrydde, S2, PP; þryd, S2; thrid, S3; þred, S2.—AS. þridda.

Þrië, num. three, S; see Þreo.

Þrië, adv. three times, S; þrien, S.—AS. þríwa.

Þriës, adv. thrice, S, S2; þriȝess, S; thryes, C2. The form is due to analogy; cp. AS. ánes, E. once.

Þrift, sb. prosperity, success in life, C3, PP; þruft, PP; þryft, fertilising power, S2.—Icel. þrift. See Þriuen.

Thrifty, adj. serviceable, cheap, S2, C2, C3.

Thrill, v. to pierce, H; see Þurlen.

Thrillage, sb. thraldom, B; see Þral.

Þrim-setel, sb. throne, SD. See Þrum.

Þringen, v. to press, S, HD; dringan, S; þrungen, pt. pl., PP; þrongen, S2, PP; i-þrunge, pp., S; thrungun, W; y-thrungin, S3.—AS. þringan, pt. þrang (pl. þrungon), pp. þrungen.

Þrinne, adv. three at a time, S.—Cp. Icel. þrinnr.

Þrinne, adv. therein, S, S2; see Þer-, prefix.

Þrist, sb. thirst, S, S2, PP; þurst, S, C2, PP. Comb.: þurstlew, thirsty, HD.—AS. þyrst (þirst), þurst.

Þrist, pt. pl. thrust, S; see Þrusten.

Þriste, adj. bold, S.—AS. þríste: OS. thrísti; cp. G. dreist.

Þristen, v. to thirst, W, S; thresten, S2; þursten, SD; thursted him, pt. s. impers., C2.—AS. þyrstan: OHG. thursten (Tatian).

Þriuen, v. to thrive, S, PP; þryue, PP; þroff, pt. s., PP; þriuen, pp., grown up, PP; þryuen, well grown, S2.—Icel. þrífa, to seize, þrífask, to thrive.

Þro, adj. eager, earnest, vehement, HD; þra, B; þraa, HD; þroo, sharp, HD; throw, adv., S3; þroliche, adv., vehemently, S2; þroly, quickly, resolutely, S2, HD, PP.—Icel. þrá-r, stubborn, also frequent.

Þrof, adv. thereof, S; see Þer-.

Þroh, sb. coffin; see Þruh.

Þrop, sb. a village, S, C2; see Þorp.

Þrosshen, pp. threshed, S; see Þreschen.

Þrote, sb. throat, S, PP.—AS. þrotu (Voc.); cp. OHG. drozza (whence G. drossel); related to Du. stroot; cp. It. strozza (Diez). See Kluge (s.v. drossel).

Þrowe, sb. a little while, course, time, moment, Prompt., PP, S2, C2, C3, HD; throw, HD; þroȝe, S; thrawe, S2; thraw, S2, B.—AS. þrág.

Þrowe, sb. suffering, aerumna, SD, Prompt.

Þrowen, v. to throw, S; þreu, pt. s., S; þrewe, threw himself, P; 2 pt. s., S; þrowe, PP; þrawen, pp., S2; þrowen, S2; y-throwe, C2.—AS. þráwan, to twist, to whirl, pt. þréow, pp. þráwen.

Þrowen, v. to suffer, S; þrowede, pt. s., S.—AS. þrowian; cp. OHG. thruoén (Tatian).

Þrowunge, sb. suffering, passion; þroweunge, dat., S; þrowenge, S; þroweinge, S.—AS. þrowung.

Þrublen, v. to press, crowd; þrublande, pr. p., S2.

Þruh, sb. coffin, S; throh, HD.—AS. þruh.

Þrum, sb. strength, a crowd, glory, SD; þrom, SD. Comb.: þrim-setel, thronus, SD; þrimsettles, pl., S.—AS. þrymm, þrymsetl.

Þrunnesse, sb. Trinity, S; see Þreo.

Þruppe, adv. thereupon, S; see Þer-.

Þrusche, sb. a thrush, S.—AS. þrysce.

Þrustel, sb. the song-thrush, S; þrostle, S. Comb.: þrustel-cock, thrustlecock, C2; þrestelcoc, S2.—AS. þrostle (Voc.).

Þrusten, v. to thrust, SD; threste, C; thristen, W; thruste, pt. s., W; þrist, S; þriste, pp., S.—Icel. þrýsta.

Þu, pron. thou, S; see Þou.

Þues, pron. dem. pl. these, S2; see Þes.

Þuften, sb. handmaid, S; þuhten, S.—A fem. deriv. of AS. (ge)þofta, a comrade, properly one who sits on the same rowing-bench; from þofta ‘transtra’ (Voc.); cp. Icel. þopta.

Þulke, adj. that, those, S2; see Þilke.

Þulli, adj. such, S, SD; þellich, SD; þellyche, S2.—AS. þullic, þyllic, also þuslic, þyslic, from þus; see Sievers, 349. See Þus.

Þuncheð, Þuncð; see Þynken.

Þunre, sb. thunder, S; see Þoner.

Þurfen, v. to need; þarf, pt.-pr. s., need, ei opus est, S; thare, H; thar, H; tharst, 2 pt.-pr. s., PP; þurt, pt. s., needed, S2, H, B. Comb.: thardestow, thou wouldst need, PP.—AS. þurfan, pt.-pr. þearf; pt. þorfte (þurfte), Icel. þurfa, pt.-pr. þarf; pt. þurfum; cp. OHG. thurfan, to need (Tatian).

Þurgh, prep. through, S2, C2; þurȝ, S2, W2; þureȝ, S; þurh, S; þurch, S; þuruh, S; þorȝ, S2; þoruȝ, S2, W2; þorw, S; þoru, S, S2; thorou, W; thurght, H; þurð S, S2; þurf, S2, HD; þoruȝlike, adv., thoroughly, S. Comb.: thurghfare, thoroughfare, C; þurhfaren, to pass through; thurghfare, S2; thurgh-girt, pierced through, C; thurchhurt, thoroughly hurt, S3; þurh-lefien, to live through; þurhlefede, pt. s., S; þurh-seon, to perceive; þurhsihð, pr. s., S; þuruh-ut, wholly, S; thurghout, C2; þuruhtut, throughout, S; þoru-out, S2.—AS. þurh; cp. OHG. thuruh (Tatian).

Þurl, sb. an aperture for admitting light, a hole, S; thurles, pl., HD.—AS. þyrel, hole, from þurh, through; so (with different suffix) Goth. thairko, hole, the eye of a needle, from thairh, through; see Kluge (s.v. durch). See Þurh.

Þurlen, v. to pierce, S, S2, PP; þirlen, C, S2, PP, H; thrill, H.—AS. þyrlian (þirlian).

Þurst, sb. thirst, S, C2; see Þrist.

Þus, adv. thus, S; tus, S (in Ormulum). Comb.: þusgate, in this way, PP; þusgates, HD, PP.—AS. þus, OS. thus.

Þuster, adj. dark, S; see Þester.

Þut, for Þu it, S; see Þou.

Þuvele, sb. pl. twigs, S.—AS. þýfel, ‘frutex’ (Voc.). See Þefe.

Þwang, sb. thong, S; see Þwong.

Þwert, adv. thwart, SD. Comb.: þwert-ut, throughout, S.—Icel. þvert, neuter of þverr, transverse; cp. AS. þweorh, Goth. thwairhs, angry, cross.

Þwong, sb. strip of leather, thong, S, S2, W; þwang S; þong S.—AS. þwang.

Þwytel, sb. a knife, whittle; thwitel, SkD; thewtill, S3. See below.

Þwyten, v. to cut, to whittle, Voc., Prompt., Palsg. Der.: thwytynge, cutting, whittling, PP.—AS. þwítan.

Þy, sb. thigh, Prompt.; þe, SkD, HD; þee, HD; þyȝ, S2; þih, SkD; þeiȝ, SkD.—AS. þéo, þéoh.

Þyester, adj. dark, S2; see Þester.

Þyesternesse, sb. darkness, S2; see Þesternesse.

Þyht, adj. close, compact, tight. Prompt.; thite, HD; tiȝt, SkD.—Cp. G. dicht, Icel. þéttr; see Kluge (s.v.).

Þyhtyn, v. to make tight, Prompt.; y-tiȝt, pp., S3.

Þynken, v. to seem; þynkeþ, pr. s. impers., PP; þuncð, S; þunchð, S; þincheð, S; þinkð, S; þingð, S2; þenkeð, PP; þuhte, pt. s., S; þuȝte, S; þoȝte, S2; thoughte, C3; þout, S2.—AS. þyncan, pt. þúhte, pp. (ge)púht. See Þenchen.

Ti-Ty.

Ti, pron. poss. thy, S; see Þou.

Tid, sb. time, season, hour, hora canonica, S, S2, S3; tide, S2; tyde, S2, C3, PP. Comb.: tideful, seasonable (= Lat. opportunus), H; tydfulnes, needfulness, H.—AS. tíd, time, hour; cp. Icel. tíð, time, ‘hora canonica.’

Tid, adv. quickly, PP; tyd, PP. See Tit.

Tiden, v. to happen, S; tyden, S2, C3; tid, pr. s., PP; tit, PP; tydde, pt. s., PP; tidde, S2.—AS. tídan.

Tidi, adj. seasonable, honest, respectable, S; tidy, PP; tydy, PP, Prompt.

Tidif, sb. the name of some very small bird, C2; tydy, a sort of singing bird, ND.

Tiding, sb. an event, tidings, S; tyding, C2, C3; tidinge, pl., S2; tydinge, S; tydinges, C2. See Tiðing.

Tiffen, v. to trick out, trim, adorn, SkD.—OF. tiffer, to trim, adorn.

Tiffung, sb. adornment, finery, S.

Til, prep. and conj. to, till, S, PP, S2, C3; tyl, S, PP; till, S, S3.—Icel. til.

Tilden, v. to set a trap, S; tildeþ, 2 pr. pl., set up, S3; see Telden.

Tilien, v. to till, cultivate, earn, gain, PP; tilen, S, PP; tylie, PP; tulien, PP; telie, PP; tolie, S; tylle, S2.—AS. tilian, to aim at, to till land; cp. OHG. zilón, to attempt (Tatian).

Tilier, sb. tiller, husbandman, W.

Tillen, v. to draw, entice, S, H, PP; see Tollen.

Tilðe, sb. labour, toil, tilth, S; tulthe, PP; telðe, PP.—AS. tilð. See Tilien.

Timen, v. to prosper, S.—Icel. tíma (reflex.), to happen.

Tin, pron. poss. thy, thine, S; see Þou.

Tinsel, sb. a stuff made partly of silk and partly of silver, S3, TG, SkD.—OF. estincelle, a spark, a flash (BH).

Tintreȝe, sb. torment; tintreow, S; tintreohe, S; tintreohen, pl., S.—AS. tintreg (Grein).

Tirannye, sb. tyranny, C2, C3; tirandye, HD.

Tiraunt, sb. tyrant, C2, PP; tyraunt, PP, W; tirant, S2; tyrauns, pl., oppressors, PP.—AF. and OF. tirant, tiranz; Lat. tyrannus; see Constans, Supplement, p. 57, and BH, § 72.

Tirauntrie, sb. tyranny, W2; tyrauntrye, HD.

Tis-dæi, sb. Tuesday, S; Tisdei, S.—AS. Tíwes-dæg, the day of Tiw, the English name of a Teutonic deity; cp. OHG. Zio, Icel. Týr; see Grimm, Teut. M., cap. ix, and Kluge (s.v. dienstag).

Tit, adv. quickly, PP; tyt, S2; tyte, PP, S2, H; tite, PP, S2, H; tiȝt, S2; tiȝtly, S2; titere, comp., H; titter, S2.—Icel. títt, neut. of tiðr. See Tid.

Tiðende, sb. pl. tidings, news, customs, S; tiðenden, S; tiðand, S2; tiðandes, S2.—Icel. tíðindi, pl., tidings, news; from tíða, to happen; cp. tíðska, a custom, tíðr, customary, frequent.

Tiðing, sb. tidings, news, S, S2; tyðyng, S, S2; tiðinge, pl., S; tiðinges, S2.—Cf. Tiding.

Titill, sb. an epistle, WA.

Titmose, sb. titmouse, S3, Manip.; tytemose, Prompt.; tytmase, Voc.—AS. máse, a word forming the second element of the names of many kinds of small birds, see SkD.

Titte, sb. a quick pull, S2.

Titte, v. to pull tightly, HD; tytted, HD.

Tixt, sb. text, PP; see Texte.

Tiȝen, v. to tie, PP, S2; teiȝen, S2; tey, B; te, B; teien, pr. pl., SkD; teyd, pp., C2; y-teyd, C.—AS. tígan (*tégan).

Tiȝt, adv. quickly, S2; see Tit.

To, prep. to, at, in, upon, for, with reference to, by, against, after, as, until, PP, S, S2; te, S, S2. Comb.: tabide, to abide, S; tacord, C3; taffraye, C2; tallege, C; talyghte, C2; tamenden, S2, C2; tanoyen, S2; tapese, S3; tariue, S; tarraye, C2; tassaile, C2; tassaye, C2; taswage, S3; tembrace, C2; tencombre, S3; tendure, S3; tenforme, S3; tenrage, S3; tespye, C2; texpounden, C2.

To, adv. too, S, PP; te, S.

To, num. two, S, S2; see Tuo.

To-, prefix (1). The prep. to in composition.

To-, prefix (2), in twain, asunder, to pieces.—AS. tó-; cp. OHG. zi- (Tatian), Lat. dis-.

To-belimpen, v. to belong to, S. (To- 1.)

To-bellen, v. to swell extremely; tobolle, pp., PP. (To- 2.)

To-beren, v. to part; tobar, pt. s., S. (To- 2.)

To-beten, v. to beat in pieces, C3. (To- 2.)

To-breden, v. to spread out; tobreddest, 2 pt. s., S2. (To- 2.)

To-breiden, v. to tear asunder, distorquere; tobreidynge, pr. p., W; debreidynge, W; tobraidide, pt. s., W. (To- 2.)

To-breken, v. to break in pieces, S, C3, W; to-brac, pt. s., PP; to-brak, G; to-brake, pt. s. subj., S; to-broken, pp., PP, G; to-broke, PP, S2, W. (To- 2.)

To-bresten, v. to burst asunder, C; to-bersteð, pr. s., S: to-barst, pt. s., S2, G; to-brast, W; to-brosten, pp., C. (To- 2.)

To-brisen, v. to break to pieces; tobrisid, pp., W. (To- 2.)

To-cleue, v. to cleave asunder, to fall to pieces, PP; to-cleef, pt. s., PP; to-clief, PP. (To- 2.)

To-comen, v. to come together; to-comen, pt. pl., PP. (To- 1.)

To-comyng, adj. future, W2. (To- 1.)

To-cweme, adv. agreeably, S. (To- 1.)

To-cyme, sb. advent, S. (To- 1.)

Tod, sb. a fox, JD, ND, HD, SkD; toddis, pl., S3. Comb.: Todman, Bardsley.—The word is common in Mid Yorkshire and Cumberland, see EDS (Ser. C).

Tod, sb. a bush, generally of ivy, HD; todde, SkD.

To-dasht, pt. s. dashed (herself) in pieces, S3. (To- 2.)

To-delen, v. to divide, S, S2; to-dælen, S; to-dealen, S. (To- 2.)

To-drawen, v. to draw asunder, S2, W; to-draȝen, S; to-drowe, pt. pl., PP; to-droȝe, S; to-drawun, pp., W; to-drahen, S. (To- 2.)

To-dreuen, v. to trouble; to-dreued, pp., S2, (To- 2.)

To-driuen, v. to drive asunder; to-dryue, PP; to-drif, imp. s., S. (To- 2.)

To-dunet, pp. struck with a sounding blow, S. (To- 2.)

To-fallen, v. to fall in pieces, SD. (To- 2.)

To-flight, sb. refuge, S2. (To- 1.)

To-foren, prep. and adv. before, SD; toforn, PP, S3; tofore, S, PP, S2; touore, S, S2; tofor, S, PP, S2, W. (To- 1.)

To-forrow, adv. previously, S3. (To- 1.)

Toft, sb. hillock, eminence, a slightly elevated and exposed site, PP, S2; campus, Prompt.—Cp. OSwed. tomt, a cleared space (Dan. tomt, a toft); from Icel. tómr, empty. See Tome.

To-gadere, adv. together, S, S2; tegædere S; togedere, S, PP; togedre, PP; togeddre, S; togidere, PP; togider, S, C2; togederes, PP, S; togideres, PP; togidres, PP, C3; togederis, PP; togeders, PP; togedders, S2. (To- 1.)

To-gan, v. to go asunder, SD; togað, pr. pl., S. (To- 2.)

To-genes, prep. towards, S; togeines, S; toȝeines, S; toȝenes, S. (To- 1.)

Toggen, v. to draw, allure, sport, S, Prompt.

To-grinden, v. to grind in pieces; togrynt, pr. s., PP. (To- 2.)

To-hewen, v. to hew in pieces, S, S2, C3. (To- 2.)

To-hope, sb. hope, S. (To- 1.)

To-hurren, v. to hurry apart, S. (To- 2.)

Tokker, sb. fuller, one who thickens cloth, S2, PP; towker, PP; toucher, PP; tucker, HD; touker, Bardsley; tuker, Bardsley. See Tuken.

Tokne, sb. token, PP; tocne, S; tacne, S; taken, PP, S2; takun, W; takens, pl., S2.—AS. tácn: Goth. taikns; cp. OHG. zeichan (Tatian).

Toknynge, sb. signification, PP; tocninge, S; toknyng, PP; takning, S2; takeninge, S2; tokening, C3.—AS. tácnung.

Tolie, v. to till, S; see Tilien.

To-liggen, v. to pertain to; tolið, pr. s., S. (To- 1.)

Tolke, sb. a man, S2; see Tulk.

Tolle, sb. toll, custom, Voc.; tol, PP, Prompt. Comb.: tol-bothe, toll-booth (= Lat. telonium), S2, W, Voc.—AS. toll: OFris. tolen, tolne; Lat. telonium (Vulg.); Gr. τελώνιον. Note that the n of the stem appears in AS. tolnere, ‘teloniarius,’ Voc.; see Weigand (s.v. zoll).

Tollen, v. to take toll, C. Der.: tollere, taxgatherer, usurer, S2, PP; toller, Voc.

Tollen, v. to draw, allure, entice, Prompt., PP, ND, SkD; tole, ND; tullen, CM, SD; tillen, S, H, PP.—AS. tyllan (in for-tyllan).

To-loggen, v. to drag hither and thither, S2, PP; to-lugged, pp., PP.

Tolter, adv. unsteadily, totteringly, S3, SkD (s.v. totter).

To-luken, v. to rend asunder, S; toloken, pp., S. (To- 2.)

Toly, sb. scarlet colour, WA; tuly, Prompt., HD; tuely, SkD (s.v. trap, 2).—Heb. tōlā’, crimson (Isaiah 1. 18), properly a worm.

Tombestere, sb. female dancer, C3; see Tumbestere.

Tome, adj. empty, void, unoccupied, H, HD; toom, Prompt.; tume, JD.—Icel. tómr, vacant, empty. Cf. Toft.

Tome, sb. leisure, S2, PP, H (p. 169); toym, B; tume, B; Icel. tóm, leisure. See above.

To-morwen, adv. to-morrow, S; tomorwe, PP; tomoreȝe, S; tomorn, C. (To- 1.)

To-name, sb. cognomen, PP; towname, PP. (To- 1.)

Tonge, sb. tongue, S2, C2, C3, PP; tunge, S, C, PP, W2; tounge, PP; tong, S3; tung, S2. Der.: tongede, tongued, talkative, PP.—AS. tunge.

Tonge, sb. pair of tongs, forceps, S, S2, Prompt.; tange, Voc.—AS. tange (Voc.).

Tonne, sb. tun, PP, S3, C2, G; tunne, S, PP. Comb.: tonne-greet, as large round as a tun, C.—AS. tunne.

Too, sb. toe, C; taa, S2, HD; toon, pl., C; ton, C; tas, S2; taes, S2.—AS. tá (pl. tán).

Tool, sb. tool, weapon, C, Prompt.; toles, pl., PP; tooles, PP.—AS. tól.

Toom, adj. empty; see Tome.

Toord, sb. stercus, W2, Prompt.

Topase, sb. topaz, Cotg.; topace, S3; tupace, SkD; topacius, W (Apoc. 21. 20); thopas, C2 (p. 151).—OF. topase; Lat. topazum (acc.); Gr. τόπαζος.

Toppe, sb. tuft of hair, P, S; top, top of the head, Prompt.

To-quassen, v. to shake asunder, PP; to-quashte, pt. s., PP. (To- 2.)

To-quaȝte, pt. s. quaked, PP. (To- 2.)

To-racen, v. to scrape to pieces, C2. (To- 2.)

To-renden, v. to rend in pieces, PP; torente, pt. s., C2, W; to-rent, pp., S, C2, W. (To- 2.)

Toret, sb. ring on a dog’s collar, through which the leash was passed, CM; torettz, pl., C; turrets, DG.—OF. touret, the chain which is at the end of the check of a bit, also the little ring whereby a hawk’s lune is fastened to the jesses (Cotg.).

Toret, sb. turret, G, C, Prompt.; touret, SkD.—OF. tourette (Cotg.).

To-reuen, v. to completely take away, PP. (To- 2.)

Torf, sb. turf, S2; turf, Voc.; turues, pl., S2.—AS. turf (Voc.).

Torfare, sb. hardship, misery, peril, WA.—Icel. torfœra.

To-rightes, adv. to rights, aright, G. (To- 1.)

To-riven, v. to rend in twain; to-rof (intrans.), pt. s., was riven in twain, S2.

Torment, sb. a tempest, torment, suffering, SkD, C3, Prompt.; tourment, SkD.—AF. torment, a tempest, turment (Roland), OF. torment, tourment, a tempest, torture (Bartsch), tormente, a tempest (Cotg.).

Tormenten, v. to torment, SkD.—OF. tormenter.

Tormentour, sb. executioner, C3, WW; tormentoures, pl., C3.—AF. tormenter, executioner.

Tormentynge, sb. torture, C2.

Tormentyse, sb. torture, C2.

Torne, sb. a turn, trick, wile, G.

Tornen, v. to turn, PP; see Tournen.

To-rof, pt. s. of To-riven.

Tortuous, adj. oblique (term in astrology), C3.—Lat. tortuosus, crooked.

To-samen, adv. together, S. (To- 1.)

To-schaken, v. to shake asunder, S. (To- 2.)

To-scheden, v. to part asunder; tosched, pp., S2. (To- 2.)

To-schellen, v. to shell, peel; toshullen, pp., PP. (To- 2.)

To-schreden, v. to cut to pieces, C. (To- 2.)

To-spreden, v. to scatter; to-sprad, pp., S2. (To- 2.)

To-swellen, v. to swell greatly; toswolle, pp., S, PP. (To- 2.)

To-swinken, v. to labour greatly, C3. (To- 2.)

To-tasen, v. to pull to pieces; to-tose, S. (To- 2.)

Toten, v. to peep, look about, PP, S3; tutand, pr. p., projecting, pushing out, S3; totede, pt. s., S3; y-toted, pp., S3. Comb.: tote-hylle, specula, Prompt.—AS. tótian; see SkD (s.v. tout).

To-teren, v. to tear to pieces, C3; toteoren, S; toteore, S; totorne, pp., PP; totorn, S; totore, C3. (To- 2.)

To-turn, sb. refuge, SD. (To- 1.)

To-twicchen, v. to pull apart; totwichet, pr. pl., S. (To- 2.)

Toun, sb. an enclosure, farm-stead, town, S2, C, W; toune, PP; tun, S, S2; toune, dat., S2, C2. Comb.: toune-men, men of the town, not rustics, PP; tun-scipe, the people of the farm-stead, S. Der.: townish, belonging to the town, S3.—AS. tún, enclosure, farm, town; cp. OHG. zún, hedge (Tatian).

Tour, sb. tower, S, S2, C2, PP, W2; tur, S; torres, pl., S2.—OF. tur, tor, tour: Lat. turrem.

Tournen, v. to turn, PP; turnen, S, S2, PP; tornen, S2, PP; teornen, S2; tirnen, S; y-tornd, pp., S2; i-turnd, S, S2.—AF. turner; Lat. tornare, from tornus, a lathe.

Tourneyment, sb. tournament, C2.—OF. tornoiement.

Towaille, sb. towel, C2; towayle, Prompt., Voc.; twaly, Prompt.; towelle, Voc.; towylle, Voc.—AF. towaille (tuaille), OF. touaile (Bartsch); Low Lat. toacula; of Teutonic origin, cp. OHG. duáhila, washing-cloth; from duahan, also thuahan, to wash (Tatian). See SkD, also Kluge (s.v. zwehle).

To-walten, v. to roll with violence; pt. pl., overflowed, S2. (To- 2.)

To-ward, prep. towards, against, S, PP; touward, S; towart, S. (To- 1.)

To-warde, adj. present, as a guard or protection, PP. (To- 1.)

To-wawe, v. to move about near, S2. (To- 1.)

Towker, sb. a fuller; see Tokker.

To-wringen, v. to distort; towrong, pt. s., S. (To- 2.)

To-wrye, v. to cause to go on one side, S3 (4. 164) (To- 2.)

Toȝeines, prep. towards, S; see To-genes.

To-ȝere, adv. this year, Cath. (To- 1.)

To-ȝesceoden, v. to separate, S. (To- 2.)

Trace, sb. track of a way over a field, trace, Prompt., C, SkD; tras, PP; trass, S2.

Tracen, v. to trace, to draw a picture, to trace one’s way, to conduct oneself, Prompt., CM, S3; trasen, S3.—OF. tracer (trasser); Late Lat. *tractiare, from Lat. tract-, base of pp. of trahere; see BH, § 131.

Trade, sb. a trodden path, S3, TG, SkD, HD. See Treden.

Tradicion, sb. surrender, S3.—Lat. traditionem. Cf. Tresoun.

Traitorye, sb. treachery, C3, CM.

Traitour, sb. traitor, S; traytour, S; treitur, S.—AF. traitur; Lat. traditorem.

Tram, sb. engine, machine, WA; trammys, pl., B.

Trappe, sb. the trappings of a horse, SkD; trappys, pl., SkD.

Trapped, adj. adorned with trappings, C, Prompt.

Trappings, sb. pl. ornaments, Sh.

Trappure, sb. trappings of a horse, Prompt.; trappures, pl., C.

Trauail, sb. work, labour, toil, trouble, S2, PP; trauaille, C2; trawayle, S2; trauell, S2; trauel, W, W2, H (Ps. 108. 10).—AF. travail, travaille; Late Lat. *trabaculum; from Lat. trabem, a beam; cp. It. traváglio, a frame for confining unruly horses. See Trave.

Trauaille, v. to work, toil, travel, trouble, vex, torment, PP; traueilen, W, S2; trauele, W, W2.—AF. travai(l)ler, to work, to vex. See above.

Trauailous, adj. laborious, W2.

Trave, sb. a frame in which farriers confine unruly horses, CM. See Trauail.

Trawed, pt. pl. trowed, expected, S2; see Trowen.

Tray, sb. vexation; see Treȝe.

Trays, sb. pl. traces, horse-harness, C; trayce, Prompt.; trayse, Cath.—OF. trays, horse-harness (Palsg.) for traits, pl., of traict a trace for horses (Cotg.); Lat. tractum, pp. of trahere.

Trayste, v. to trust, S2; traste, PP, S2.—Icel. treysta, from traust. See Trist.

Traystly, adv. confidently, H.

Traystnes, sb. confidence, H.

Traystynge, sb. confidence, H.

Traytyse, sb. treaty, truce, S3; see Tretis.

Tre, sb. tree, wood, lignum. Prompt., S2, PP, W, W2; treo, S, PP; treowe, dat., S; treuwe, pl., S; tren, S2; treen, S3; treon, S; trewes, S; trowes, PP. Comb.: tre tymus (lignum thyinum), W.—AS. tréow (tréo), dat. tréowe, pl. tréowu (tréo), see Sievers, 250; cp. Goth. triu.

Treatise, sb. a passage (lit. a treatise), S3; see Tretis.

Treatyce, sb. treaty, truce, S3; see Tretis.

Trechery, sb. treachery, trickery, S; see Tricherie.

Trechoure, sb. a cheat, HD.—OF. trichëor (Bartsch); Late Lat. tricatorem.

Trechurly, adv. treacherously, S3.

Tred, sb. a foot-mark. SkD (s.v. trade).

Treden, v. to tread, C, Prompt., PP; pt. pl., W, PP; tret, pr. s. CM; troden, PP; trade, H (Ps. 55. 2); troden, pp., C3; trodun, W2; treddede, pt. s. (weak), S3.—AS. tredan, pt. træd (pl. trǽdon), pp. treden.

Treget, sb. guile, trickery, CM.

Tregetrie, sb. a piece of trickery, CM.

Tregettowre, sb. a juggler, joculator, Prompt.; tregetour, Prompt. (n), CM, HD.

Tregettyn, v. to juggle, Prompt.—OF. tresgeter (Ducange); Lat. trans + iactare.

Treien, v. to betray, P; trayet, pp., HD.—OF. traïr; Late Lat. *tradīre for Lat. tradere.

Treilȝis, sb. trellis, S3; trelys, cancellus, Prompt.—OF. treillis, from treille, a vine, arbour (Bartsch); Late Lat. *tricla; Lat. trichila; see BH, § 98.

Tremlen, v. to tremble, stagger, PP; tremelyn, Prompt.; trimlen, HD; trymlen, S3; tremblen, W, PP; trimble, Manip.—Picard F. tremler (AF. trembler); Late Lat. tremulare.

Tremlynge, sb. trembling; tremelynge, Prompt.; trimlyng, S3; trymlinge, HD.

Trental, sb. a set of thirty masses for the dead, SkD, ND, PP; trentall, money paid for a trental, S3; a month’s mind, ND.—OF. trental, trentel; Church Lat. trigintalem (Ducange).

Treo, sb. tree, S; treon, pl., S; see Tre.

Treowe, adj. true, S; see Trewe.

Trepeget, sb. a military engine, HD, CM; trebget, Prompt.; trebgot, an instrument for catching birds, Prompt.

Tresor, sb. treasure, S, S2, C3; tresour, PP, S2, S3, C2; treosor, S; tresores, pl., PP; tresures, S.—AF. tresor; Lat. thesaurum.

Tresorere, sb. treasurer, PP; treserour, PP.—AF. tresorer.

Tresorie, sb. treasury, S2; tresory, WA.—AF. tresorye.

Tresoun, sb. treason, craft, C, PP; tresun, Prompt., S; treson, WA, C2, H; treison, PP; trayson, S.—AF. treson, traïson; Lat. traditionem.

Trespas, sb. trespass, PP; trespace, PP, C.

Trespassen, v. to trespass, PP, WW; trespace, C2; trespasside, pt. s., W (Acts 1. 25).—AF. trespasser, to cross over, to disobey.

Tretee, sb. treaty, C2, C3; trete, C.—OF. traite; Late Lat. tracta. See Tretis.

Tretis, adj. well made, pretty; tretys, CM, C; treitys, CM.—OF. tretis, treitis, traitis, nicely made (Bartsch); from traitier; Lat. tractare.

Tretis, sb. treatise, short poem, PP, C2, WA; treatise, S3. See below.

Tretis, sb. treaty, B, CM; tretys, S2, C2, C3; treatyce, S3; traytyse, S3.—AF. tretiz; Late Lat. *tracticium.

Trewage, sb. tribute, S, JD; truage, Voc., S2, WA; trouage, WA.—OF. treüage (truage), toll, tax, from treü, treüd, tribute; Lat. tribūtum; see Constans (s.v.).

Trewe, adj. true, S, PP, S2, C2; treowe, S; trywe, PP; triwe, S2; trew, S2, C2; tru, S2.—AS. tréowe: OS. triuwi.

Trewe, sb. fidelity, trust, agreement, truce, PP; treowe, SkD; treowes, pl., truce, SkD; trewes, PP; trewis, B; treuwes, PP; triwes, SkD; truwys, Prompt.; trewysse, Cath.

Trewehede, sb. truth, uprightness, S2.

Treweliche, adv. truly, PP, C2; trewely, C2.

Trewen, v. to think to be true, to trow, believe, S.—AS. tréowan. See Trowen.

Trewes, pl. trees, S; see Tre.

Trewes, sb. pl. truce; see Trewe.

Trewðe, sb. truth, troth, S, C2, PP; treuðe, S, S2, PP; trouthe, S2, C3; trouth, H; tryuðe, PP; trowwðe, S; trawðe, S2; treothes, pl., S; truthes, pledges, S2.—AS. tréowðu.

Trey, sb. a throw at dice, viz. three, SkD; treye, C3. Comb.: trey-ace, the throw of three and one; a quick exclamation, S3.—OF. trei, treis; Lat. trēs.

Treȝe, sb. affliction, grief, SD; treiȝe, S; treie, S; treye, S2; tray, vexation, B.—AS. trega; cp. Icel. tregi, Goth. trigo.

Treȝen, v. to afflict, SD.

Triacle, sb. a remedy, healing medicine, S2, PP, C3, NQ (6. 1. 308); tryacle, Voc., PP, NQ; treacle, TG, Prompt.; tryakill, S3.—OF. trïacle (Bartsch); Lat. theriaca, lit. an antidote against the bite of serpents; cp. Gr. θηριακὰ φάρμακα. For examples of the intrusive l see Cronicle.

Triblen, v. to trouble, H; see Trublen.

Tricherie, sb. treachery, trickery, S, PP, S2; trecherie, PP; trechery, S; treccherie, C.—AF. tricherie; from OF. tricher, trecher, to cheat; Late Lat. tricare for Lat. tricari.

Trick, adj. neat, elegant, ND; trig, JD.—For the voicing of the guttural in North.E. cp. prigmedainty (JD), with prickmedainty or prickmedenty (HD); see SkD (s.vv. prig, trigger).

Trien, v. to try, PP; triȝede, pp., S2, PP; i-triȝed, S2; itriȝet, S2; y-tried, PP; y-tryed, PP; tried, pp. as adj., choice, PP; trye, PP, C2; triedest, superl., S2, PP; trieste, PP; tryest, PP; triedliche, adv., excellently, PP; triȝely, PP, S2; trielich, P.—AF. trier; Late Lat. tritare, to thresh corn.

Triennels, sb. pl. masses said for three years, PP; triennales, P.—OF. triennal; Church Lat. triennale.

Trillen, v. to turn round and round, to trickle, CM, Prompt., C2, S3, Sh., SkD; tryll, Palsg.; tril, Manip.—Cp. Swed. trilla, to roll.

Trinal, adj. threefold, RD; trinall, Spenser, 1. Comb.: trinal triplicities, SkD.—Late Lat. trinalis.

Trine, adj. taken three at a time, ND. Comb.: trine aspect (in astrology), SkD, ND; tryne compas, the round world containing earth, sea, and heaven, C3—OF. trine; Lat. trinum.

Trinite, sb. Trinity, S2, PP; Trinitee, PP.—AF. Trinite, Trinitet; Church Lat. Trinitatem.

Trisen, v. to hoist up, to trice, to pull off, SkD; tryce, C2; trice, CM. Der.: tryyste, tryys, windlass, Prompt.—Cp. Dan. tridse, to haul up, to trice, Swed. trissa, a pulley. The final -se is the same as in E. clean-se.

Trist, sb. trust, a tryst, meeting-place, B, W, W2, PP, S2; station in hunting, HD; trust, PP.—Icel. traust. For E. ī = Icel. au, cp. ME. mire = Icel. maurr; see SkD (s.v. pismire).

Tristen, v. to trust, S2, C3, W, W2, PP; trysten, S2, PP; truste, S2; trosten, S3, S2, PP; truste, pt. s., S, S2. Der.: tristyng, a trust, W. See above.

Tristili, adv. confidently, W, W2.

Tristnen, v. to trust, W. Der.: tristenyng, a trust, W.

Triuials, sb. pl. studies connected with the trivium, the initiatory course taught in the schools, comprising grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic, S3; trivial, adj., initiatory, ND.—Schol. Lat. trivialem.

Troblen, v. to trouble, W; troubild, pp., WA; see Trublen.

Trod, sb. a trodden path, SkD (s.v. trade), HD. See Treden.

Troden, pp. of Treden.

Trofle, sb. a trifle, S3; see Trufle.

Trompe, sb. a trump, trumpet, C3; trumpe, C.—AF. trompe.

Trompe, v. to play the trumpet, PP; trumpe, W, Prompt.—AF. trumper.

Tronchoun, sb. a truncheon, broken piece of a spear-shaft. C; trunchone, Prompt.—OF. tronchon, tronçon.

Trone, sb. throne, S, PP, S3, C2, C3, W; trones, pl., S; one of the nine orders of angels, WA; tronen, S2.—OF. trone; Lat. thronum; from Gr. θρόνος.

Tronen, v. to enthrone, PP.—OF. troner.

Trost, subj. pr. s. trust, S2; see Tristen.

Trotevale, sb. a trifling thing, HD.

Trouble, adj. troubled, S2, C2.—AF. truble, pp. of trubler; see Trublen.

Trouthe, sb. truth, S.2, C3; see Trewthe.

Trowabile, adj. credible, H.

Trowen, v. to believe, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, H, PP; tru, S2; trawed, pt. pl., expected, S2.—Icel. trúa; Swed. tro. See Trewen.

Trowyng, sb. belief, S2.

Truage, sb. tribute, S2; see Trewage.

Trublen, v. to trouble, W; troblen, W; triblen, H.—AF. trubler; Late Lat. turbulare.

Trufle, sb. nonsense, absurd tale, trifle, PP, SkD; trofle, S3, SkD; trefele, PP; triful, PP; trifle, PP.—AF. trufle, trofle, mockery, OF. truffe, a jest, a flout, also a truffle (Cotg.); Lat. tubera, truffles; see SkD (s.v. truffle). For the intrusive l cf. Triacle.

Truflen, v. to beguile, SkD; trofle, SkD; trifelyn, Prompt.; treoflynge, pr. p., S2.—OF. truffler, truffer, to mock (Cotg.).

Trukenen, v. to fail, S.

Trukien, v. to fail, S.—AS. trucian, to fail, deceive.

Trusse, sb. a bundle, Manip., CM.

Trussen, v. to pack, to pack off, C, S2, PP, Manip.; turss, B.—OF. trusser, trosser, torser; Late Lat. *tortiare.

Truste, pt. s. trusted, S; see Tristen.

Tryce, v. to trice, to hoist up, C2; see Trisen.

Tryg, adj. trusty, secure, S3.—Icel. tryggr.

Trymlyt, pt. pl. trembled, S3; see Tremlen.

Tryst, adj. sad, S3. Der.: tristes, sadness, S3.—OF. trist; Lat. tristem; and OF. tristesse; Lat. tristitia.

Tua, num. two, S2; see Tuo.

Tuhen, pt. pl. of Ten.

Tuht, sb. discipline, S.—AS. tyht; cp. OHG. zuht (Otfrid). See Ten.

Tuhten, v. to draw, persuade, discipline, S; tihte, pt. s., S.—AS. tyhtan.

Tuin, num. two, S2; see Twinne.

Tuken, v. to pluck, vex, S; tuke up, succingere, Cath.; tukkyn up, Prompt.; y-touked, pp., tucked, fulled, PP.—AS. tucian (twiccan); cp. OHG. zukken (Otfrid).

Tuker, sb. a fuller; see Tokker.

Tulke, sb. a man, soldier, knight, WA, EETS (56); tolke, S2; tulk, WA, SkD (s.v. talk).—Icel. túlkr, interpreter; Lithuan. tulkas, interpreter; cp. Dan. tolk.

Tullen, v. to draw, entice, CM, SD; see Tollen.

Tumben, v. to leap, tumble, dance; tombede, pt. s., SD.—AS. tumbian (Mk. 6. 22); cp. OF. tumber, to fall.

Tumbestere, sb. a female dancer, HD; tombester, SD; tumbesteris, pl., SD, C3 (p. 151); tombesteres, C3.

Tumblen, v. to leap, dance, SD, SkD; to tumble, PP; tombly, PP; tumlyn, volutare, Prompt.

Tumbler, sb. a tumbler, a female dancer, Voc.; tumlare, volutator, Prompt.

Tun, sb. enclosure, farm-stead, town, S, S2; see Toun.

Tunen, v. to enclose, S; see Tynen.

Tunge, sb. tongue, S, C, W2; see Tonge.

Tunne, sb. tun, S; see Tonne.

Tuo, num. two, S2, C, PP; tua, S2; two, S; twa, S, S2; to, S, S2; towe, S3.—AS. twá (neut).

Tur, sb. tower, S; see Tour.

Turnen, v. to turn, S; see Tournen.

Turss, v. to pack; see Trussen.

Turues, sb. pl. pieces of turf, S2; see Torf.

Tus, for thus, S; see Þus.

Tutand, pr. p. projecting, pushing out, S2; see Toten.

Tute, sb. a horn, cornu, os, SD.—For Teutonic cognates see Weigand (s.v. zotte). See Tewelle.

Tute, v. ‘to tute in a horne,’ Manip.—Cf. Swed. tuta, to blow a horn.

Tutel, sb. beak, mouth (?), S.

Tutelen, v. to whisper, S.

Tuteler, sb. tittler, tattler, PP.

Tutlyng, sb. noise of a horn, B. See Tute.

Tutour, sb. guardian, warden, keeper, P, WW, TG.—OF. tuteur; Lat. tutorem.

Twa, num. two, S, S2; see Tuo.

Tweamen, v. to separate, S.—AS. (ge)twǽman.

Tweire, num. gen. of twain, S.—AS. twegra (gen.).

Twelf, num. twelve, S, C2; tuelf, S2; tuelue, S2. Comb.: twelfmoneth, twelvemonth, PP; tuelmonth, S2.—AS. twelf: Goth. twalif.

Twengen, v. to press tightly, tweak, S; tuengde, pt. s., S2.—Cf. Twingen.

Twestis, pl. twigs, S3; see Twyste.

Tweye, num. twain, PP, C, C2; tweie, S; tueie, S; twey, S3, PP; twei, PP. Comb.: twey-fold, twofold, C3.—AS. twega (gen.). See Tuo.

Tweye, adv. twice, PP; twye, HD; twie, S.—AS. twíwa.

Tweyne, num. twain, G, PP; tueyne, S2; twene, S; tweien, S; tweȝȝenn, S.—AS. twegen.

Twi- (prefix). Comb.: twi-bil, an axe, bipennis, Voc., Prompt., H; twi-feald, twofold, SD; twye-lyghte, twilight, Prompt.; twi-ræd, of diverse opinion, SD.

Twichand, pres. pt. touching, regarding, S3 (13. 271).

Twie, adv. twice, S; see Tweye.

Twikken, v. to twitch, snatch, pull slightly but quickly, Prompt.; twychyn, Prompt.; twyghte, pt. s., CM; twight, pp., CM.

Twine, sb. doubled thread; twines, gen., S.—AS. twín.

Twinen, v. to twist, S; twined, pp., S; twyned, PP.

Twingen, v. to pain, afflict, SkD; twungen, pp., SkD.—Cp. G. zwingen.

Twinging, sb. affliction, S2.

Twinken, v. to wink, Prompt., G.

Twinklen, v. to twinkle, Prompt.

Twinne, num. two apiece, two at a time, S; twynne, S2; tuin, S2.—Icel. tvinnr.

Twinnen, v. to separate, C2; twynnen, S2, S3, H; twyne, S3; twyn, S2, H; tuyn, H; twynned, pt. pl., PP, S3.

Twyes, adv. twice, S2, C2, C3, PP.—Formed with suffix -es on AS. twíwa. See Tweye.

Twyste, sb. bough, Cath., S3; twist, B, S2, C2, CM; twest, S3.—Cp. ODu. twist.

Twyste, v. to strip the boughs, defrondare, Cath.

Twyster (of trees), sb. a stripper of boughs, defrondator, Cath.

Tycement, sb. enticement, HD.

Tycen, v. to entice, instigate, provoke, Prompt., Manip., S; tisen, PP; tyse, HD (s.v. tise). See Atisen.

Tykel, adj. unsteady, uncertain, CM.

Tyle, sb. tile, Prompt.; tyil, Prompt.; tyyl, S2. Comb.: tyle-stone, tile, brick, Prompt.; tiyl-stoon (= Lat. testa), W2.—AS. tigele; Lat. tegula.

Tymber, sb. timber, wood for building, Voc., PP; tymbre, PP.—AS. timber.

Tymbre, v. to frame, build, PP; timbrin, S, S2.—AS. timbrian: Goth. timrjan; cp. OHG. zimbrón (Tatian).

Tymbre, sb. the crest of a helmet, also a helmet, WA; timber, Cotg.; tymbrys, pl., B.—OF. timbre (Cotg.); Lat. tympanum; Gr. τύμπανον; cp. SkD (s.v. timbrel).

Tyme, sb. time, due season, S, C2, C3, PP; tyme, pl., C2; tymes, C2. Comb.: tymeful, seasonable, early, W; timliche, quickly, S.—AS. tíma; cp. Icel. tími.

Tymen, v. to betide, S2.—AS. (ge)tímian.

Tynd, sb. the tine or prong of a deer’s horn, the spike of a harrow, JD, SkD; tyndis, S3.—AS. tind (Voc.); cp. Icel. tindr.

Tyne, adj. tiny, WA.

Tyne, sb. prickle, Prompt.

Tyne, v. to lose, S2, PP, H; tine, S2, H; tynt, pp., S2, PP, H. Der.: tynsil, loss, ruin, H; tinsill, H.—Icel. týna, to lose, to destroy, týnask, to perish, from tjón, loss, damage.

Tynen, v. to enclose, S2; tinen, S; tunen, S.—AS. týnan, from tún. See Toun.

Tynken, v. to ring, tinkle, W.

Tynkere, sb. tinker, PP.

Tynsale, sb. loss, harm, B. See Tyne.

Tyred, pp. attired, dressed, S2; see Atyren.

Tysane, sb. a drink, Prompt.—OF. tisane, barley-water; Lat. ptisana, pearl-barley, also barley-water; Gr. πτισάνη.

Tysyk, sb. consumption, S2, Prompt.; tysike, Cath.—OF. tisique (Bartsch); Lat. phthisica, consumptive disease; from Gr. φθίσις decay; cp. It. tisica.

Tyyl, sb. tile, S2; see Tyle.

U, V (vowel).

Uggen, v. to dread, to shudder at, HD; ug, H; huge, H; uggis, pr. s., H; uggid, pt. s., H.—Icel. ugga.

Uggynge, sb. shuddering, horror, H.

Ugly, adv. dreadful, horrible, H, SkD; uglike, SkD.—Icel. uggligr.

Ugsom, adj. frightful, SkD (s.v. ugly).

Uhte, sb. the part of the night before daybreak; uȝten, dat., S, SD.—AS. úhte: OS. uhta: Goth. uhtwo; cp. OHG. uohta, Icel. ótta, see Weigand (s.v. ucht), and Fick, 7. 9.

Uhten-tid, sb. early morning-time, SD.

Uht-song, sb. morning-chant, matins, SD.—AS. uht-sang.

Ulke, adj. the same, S; see Ilke.

Umbe, prep. about, around, WA, S; ummbenn, S; embe, S.—AS. ymbe (embe): OHG. umbi (Otfrid), OS. umbi.

Vmbe-cast, v. to cast about, consider, ponder, B; umbekestez, pr. s., S2.

Umbe-grouen, pp. grown all round, S2.

Umbelappe, v. to surround, WA. See Umlap.

Vmbe-set, v. to beset, B; umbeset, pt. s., B; vmset, S2; umbeset, pp., B; umsett, H, HD; vmset, S2.—AS. ymb-sittan.

Vmbe-stount, adv. sometimes, B; umstunt, H.—AS. ymbe + stund.

Umbe-þenken, v. to bethink, meditate, S; umthink, H; vmbethinkis ȝow, imp. pl. refl., B; umbithoghte, pt. s., HD; vmbethoucht, B.—AS. ymb-þencan.

Umbe-weround, pp. environed, B.

Umbe-while, adv. sometime, at times, S; umwhile, H, HD; umwile, S; vm-quhile, B; umquile, WA.

Um-ga, v. to go about, H.

Um-gang, sb. circuit, S2, H.—AS. ymb-gang.

Um-gifen, v. to surround, H; vmgaf, pt. pl., S2, H.

Um-gripen, v. to surround; vm-griped, pt. pl., S2.

Um-hilen, v. to cover up; umhild, pt. s., H.

Um-lap, v. to wrap around, comprehendere, to embrace, WA, S2; umlappe, H, HD; vmlapped, pp., S2. See Umbelappe.

Um-louke, v. to lock in, H.

Um-sege, v. to besiege, H.

Um-set, pp. beset all round, S2; see Vmbe-set.

Um-shadow, v. to shadow round, protect, H.

Um-stride, v. to bestride, S2; umstrode, pt. s., HD.

Um-writhen, v. to wind round, H; umwrithyn, pp., H.

Um-ȝede, pt. s. went about, H.

Un-, prefix (1), has a negative force and is used before substantives, adjectives, and past participles; on-, B.—Goth. un-; cp. Gr. ἀν-.

Un-, prefix (2), expresses the reversal of an action, and is used before verbs; on-, S3.—Goth. and-; cp. Gr. ἀντι-.

Un-, prefix (3), until.—OS. und-. Cf. Oth.

Un-aneomned, pp. unnamed, innumerable, S. Cf. A-nemnen.

The word Anemnen does not occur in the Dictionary. The simple form is Nemnen.

Un-auanced, pp. unpromoted, S2.

Un-bermed, pp. unleavened; unberrmedd, S.

Un-bicumlich, adj. unbecoming, S; unbicomelich, S.

Un-biheue, adj. unprofitable; unbihefre, comp., S.

Un-bileue, sb. unbelief, W.

Un-bileueful, adj. unbelieving, W; unbileful, S.

Un-binden, v. to unbind, S2; unbind, pr. s., S; unbint, S; unbond, pt. s., S; unbounden, pl., S; pp., C2.—Cp. OHG. in-bintan (Otfrid). (Un- 2.)

Un-bischoped, pp. unconfirmed; unbishped, S.

Un-bisorȝeliche, adv. piteously, S.

Un-bliðe, adj. joyless; unblyþe, S2.

Un-boht, pp. unatoned for, S; unbouht, S.

Un-bokelen, v. to unbuckle, C2, C3. (Un- 2.)

Un-brosten, pp. unburst, S2.

Un-buhsum, adj. disobedient, S; vnboxome, P.

Un-buxsumnes, sb. disobedience, H.

Unce, sb. ounce, SkD, C; ounces, pl., C2.—OF. unce; Lat. uncia. Cf. Inche.

Un-chargid, pp. unladen, W. (Un- 2.)

Un-cofre, v. to take out of a coffer, S3. (Un- 2.)

Un-conabil, adj. unsuitable; unkonnabil, H; vncunable, H.—Cp. OF. covenable (BH. 153. 43).

Un-conabilly, adv. unsuitably, H.

Un-conabilnes, sb. misbehaviour, H.

Un-conabiltes, sb. pl. incongruities, H.

Vn-conand, adj. ignorant, HD, H; vnkunand, H.

Vn-conandly, adv. ignorantly, H.

Un-corrupcioun, sb. incorruption, W.

Uncuð, adj. strange, unknown, S2; see Un-kouth.

Un-cweme, adj. displeasing, SD: unncweme, S. See Un-yqueme.

Undampned, pp. uncondemned, W.

Un-deedli, adj. immortal, W; vndedly, H.

Un-deedlynesse, sb. immortality, W; undedlynes, WA.

Un-defoulid, pp. undefiled (= impollutus, immaculatus), W, WA.

Un-dep, adj. not deep, S.

Under, prep., adv. during, between, under, underneath, S; onder, SD; undur, W; undir, B. Phr.: vnder þan, during these things, interea, meanwhile, S.—AS. under: Goth. undar; cp. OHG. untar.

Under, sb. afternoon, CM; see Undern.

Under, v. to subject, S2.

Under-crien, v. to cry out; undurcrieden, pt. pl. (= succlamabant), W.

Under-fangen, v. to receive, S; underfonge, S; onderuonge, S2; underuongen, S; onderfang, imp. s., S; undurfong, pt. s., S2; underueng, S2; underfangen, pp., S; underuonge, S; underfongen, P; undurfongun, W.

Under-fon, v. to receive, S; underfo, S; under-uon, S; underfon, pp., S.—AS. under-fón.

Under-giten, v. to perceive, understand; underȝiten, SD; underȝeite, S; undergæton, pt. pl., S.—AS. under-gitan.

Under-leggen, v. to subject; under-laide, 2 pt. s., S2.

Under-ling, sb. a subject, inferior, S, PP.

Under-lout, adj. subject, H.

Under-master, sb. usher; undurmaistir (= paedagogus), W.

Under-mel, sb. the afternoon-meal, SD, CM. See Undern.

Undern, sb. the time between, the time between sunrise and noon, between noon and sunset, a mealtime, S2, C, C2, CM, Voc.; undorne, WA; vndren, S, HD, SD; under, S2; undur, HD; aunder, HD.—AS. undern, OS. undorn, Icel. undorn; cp. OHG. untorn (G. untern).

Undern-time, sb. SD; undrentime, S; undirtime, SD.

Under-nymen, v. to receive, perceive, reprove, PP; undirnyme, W2; undernimen, S; underneme, reprehendo, Prompt.; undernom, pt. s., C3; undernumen, pp., S; undirnommen, W; undernome, PP.

Under-picchen, v. to fix underneath; underpyghte, pt. s., C3.

Under-preost, sb. under-priest; unnderr-preost, S.

Under-sette, v. to place beneath, support, prop up; undursette, W2.

Under-standen, v. to understand, S; onderstanden, S2; understonden, S, S2; undyrstonde, S2; understant, pr. s., S; understont, S; undyrstode, pt. s., S2 understoden, pt. pl., S; undurstoden, stood under, W2; understande, pp., S; understonde, S2; onderstonde, S2.

Under-stondingnesse, sb. faculty of understanding, S.

Under-take, v. to undertake, agree, SD; undertoc, pt. s., S2; undertok, S.

Under-þeod, sb. subject, S; underþeoden, pl., S; underþiede, S.—AS. under-þéod.

Under-uon, v. to receive, S; see Under-fon.

Under-ȝeite, v. to learn, discover, S; see Under-giten.

Un-digne, adj. unworthy, C2.—OF. undigne.

Un-discreet, adj. undiscerning, C2.—OF. undiscret.

Un-don, v. to undo, open, disclose, SD, W; undo, WA; undede, pt. s., S2; undude, S, PP; undone, pp., S.—AS. un-dón. (Un- 2.)

Undon, v. to undo, destroy, PP.

Undoubtabili, adv. without doubt, S3.

Un-dreh, adj. impatient, out of patience, S2.

Un-duhtiȝ, adj. unworthy; unduhti, S.

Un-eað, adj. uneasy; uneaðe, S.

Un-eaðe, adv. scarcely, S; unneðe, S, S2, C2, C3, W; onneaþe, S2; oneþe, S3; uneth, S3, P, WA; unneth, S3.

Un-eðes, adv. scarcely, WA, S; unnethes, S2, C2, W, H; vnneths, H; vnees, PP.

Un-faȝen, adj. displeased; unfeyn, S2.

Un-fest, adj. unstable, S2.

Un-festlich, adj. unfestive, C2.

Un-fete, adj. ill-made, bad, S2. (Un- 1.)

Un-filabil, adj. insatiable, H. (Un- 1.)

Un-filed, pp. undefiled, S2.

Un-flichand, pp. unflinching, H. (Un- 1.)

Un-forȝolden, pp. unrequited, S; unvorgulde, S.

Un-freme, sb. disadvantage, S.—AS. unnfremu.

Un-fruytouse, adj. unfruitful, W.

Un-gert, pp. ungirt, G.

Un-glad, adj. unhappy, S2.

Un-happe, sb. ill-luck, WA.

Un-happy, adj. unlucky, S2.

Un-hardy, adj. not bold, PP.

Un-hele, sb. sickness, S; misfortune, CM.

Un-heled, pp. uncovered, WA, PP.—AS. helian: OHG. haljan. (Un- 2).

Un-helðe, sb. sickness, S; unhalðe, S.

Un-hersumnesse, sb. disobedience, S.—AS. unhýrsumnis.

Un-hillen, v. to disclose, S; unhilen, S2, W; onhillin, Prompt.; unhulien, SD, MD; unhiled, pp., CM, G, SD, PP; unhuled, S2.—Cp. Goth. huljan, OHG. huljan, hullan. (Un- 2.)

Un-hol, adj. sick, S.—AS. un-hál.

Un-hold, adj. ungracious, S.

Un-ifoȝ, adj. innumerable; unnifoȝe, pl., S.—AS. un-gefóg.

Un-imeað, sb. want of moderation, S (8 b. 12).

Un-imet, adj. immense, immeasurable, S; onimete, S.—AS. un-gemet.

Un-imete, adv. immensely, S.—AS. ungemete.

Un-imeteliche, adv. infinitely, S.—AS. ungemetlice.

Un-iredlice, adv. sharply, roughly, S; unrideli, S.—AS. un-gerýdelice.

Un-isalðe, sb. unhappiness, S.—AS. un-gesǽlð.

Un-iseli, adj. unhappy, S.—AS. un-gesǽlig.

Un-itald, pp. unnumbered, S.—AS. un-geteald.

Universite, sb. universe, world, W.—OF. universite; Lat. universitatem (Vulg.). 

Un-iwasse, pp. unwashen, S.

Unk, pron. dual. us both, S; unker, of us both, S.—AS. unc, dat. and acc., uncer, gen.: Goth. ugk, acc., ugkis, dat., ugkara, gen.

Un-kempt, pp. uncombed, rough, S3.

Un-keuelen, v. to ungag, S. (Un- 2.)

Un-kouth, adj. unknown, strange, PP; unkuð, S; uncuð, S2; uncouthe, pl., S2, C2; uncuðe, S; uncoðe, S.—AS. un-cúð.

Vn-kunnyng, sb. ignorance, W; vnkunnyngis, pl., W2.

Vn-kunnynge, adj. unskilful, ignorant, S2, W, W2; unkonnyng, C; vnkonnynge, PP.

Un-kunnyngenesse, sb. ignorance, W.

Un-kynde, adj. unnatural, unkind, C2, PP; uncunde, SD.

Un-kyndenesse, sb. unkindness, C3, PP.

Un-kyth, v. to hide, S2. (Un- 2).

Un-lace, v. to unbind, W. (Un- 2.)

Un-lappe, v. to unfold; onlappyt, pt. s., S3. (Un- 2.)

Un-lede, adj. miserable, wretched, S, SD.—AS. un-lǽd: Goth. un-léds.

Un-leueful, adj. not permissible, W; onleefful, illicitus, Prompt.

Un-leuesum, adj. not permissible; onlesum, S3.

Un-liche, adj. unlike, S.

Un-louken, v. to unlock, PP; vnloke, pp., G. (Un- 2.)

Un-lust, sb. lack of pleasure, displeasure, SD.

Un-lusti, adj. unlusty, idle, SD; onlosti, S2.

Un-lykynge, adj. unfit, improper, scandalous, PP.

Un-mayte, adj. unmeet, H. Phr.: in unmayte, unfittingly, H.

Un-meoð, sb. want of moderation, S; unmeð, S (8 a. 10). See Meth.

Un-meuable, adj. immovable, W.

Un-moebles, sb. pl. immovable property, PP.—Cp. OF. muebles (BH); pl. of mueble; Late Lat. mŏbilem.

Un-mylde, adj. cruel, W; unmyld, H.

Un-nait, adj. useless, S2, H.

Unnen, v. to grant, S; hunne, S; an, 1 pr. s., S; on, pr. s., S; i-unne, pp., S.—AS. unnan, 1 and 3 pr. s. ann, opt. unne, pt. úðe, pp. ge-unnen. Cp. Icel. unna, OS. gi-unnan, OHG. gi-unnan, pt. onda (Otfrid), G. gönnen.

Unneðe, adv. scarcely, S, S2, C2, C3, W; unneth, S3; see Un-eaðe.

Unnethes, adv. scarcely, S2, C2, W, H; vnneths, H; see Un-eðes.

Un-nit, adj. useless, S; unnet, S; unnut, S.—AS. un-nytt.

Un-noble, adj. ignoble, W2.

Un-noblei, sb. ignobleness, W.

Un-noyandnes, sb. harmlessness, H.

Un-obedience, sb. disobedience, W.

Un-onest, adj. dishonourable, W.

Un-orne, adj. old, worn out, S; unorn, S; unourne, HD.—AS. un-orne (Grein).

Un-perfit, adj. imperfect, W2; unparfit, PP.

Un-pesible, adj. unquiet, W.

Un-pined, pp. untouched by pain, S.

Un-pitè, sb. want of feeling, W, W2.

Un-profit, sb. unprofitableness, W.

Un-quaynt, adj. imprudent, unwise, H.

Un-rede, sb. bad counsel, folly, mischief, S.—AS. un-rǽd.

Un-redi, adj. not prepared, W; unredy, improvident, PP.

Un-repreuable, adj. not to be reproved, W.

Un-rest, sb. restlessness, S3; vnreste, dat., C2.

Un-resty, adj. restless, H; unristy, H.

Un-ride, adj. harsh, cruel, WA, HD, SD.—AS. un-(ge)ryde (Luke, 3. 5).

Un-rideli, adv. sharply, vehemently, roughly, S; unridly, fiercely, WA; see Uniredlice.

Un-riȝt, adj. sb. injustice, wrong, S2; unryht, S; vnright, PP, S2; unriht, S.—AS. un-riht.

Un-riȝtfulnesse, sb. unrighteousness, unlawfulness, W2; unrihtfulnesse, S.

Un-riȝtwisnesse, sb. unrighteousness, W.

Un-sad, adj. unsteady, C2.

Un-sadnesse, sb. instability, W.

Un-saht, adj. unreconciled, discontented, S2.

Un-schape, pp. unshapen, outlandish, S2.

Un-schutten, v. to open, SD; unschette, pt. s., SD; onschet, S3; vnshette, pp., S3. (Un- 2.)

Un-scilwis, adj. unwise, H.

Un-scilwisly, adv. unwisely, H.

Un-sehelich, adj. invisible, S.

Un-seill, sb. misfortune, B.—AS. unsǽl.

Un-sele, adj. unhappy, S, S2.

Un-selð, sb. unhappiness; unselðe, S; unnsellðe, S; unnseolðe, S.—AS. un-sǽlð.

Un-sely, adj. unhappy, C2; vnceli, W.

Un-sete, sb. unsettledness, S2.

Un-skaþeful, adj. harmless; unnskaþefull, S.

Un-skaþiȝnesse, sb. harmlessness, S.

Un-skilful, adj. unreasonable, outrageous, unprofitable, PP; unschilful, S2.

Un-slekked, pp. unslacked, C3.

Un-soote, adj. unsweet, bitter, S3.

Un-sounded, pp. unhealed, S3.

Un-souerable, adj. insufferable, S3.

Un-sowen, v. to slit open what has been sewn, PP; unsouwen, PP. (Un- 2.)

Un-spedful, adj. unsuccessful, H; onschet, S3.

Un-sperren, v. to unfasten, unbar, PP. (Un- 2.)

Un-spurne, v. to kick open, S. (Un- 2.)

Un-staðeluest, adj. without a firm foundation, S.

Un-stedefast, adj. not firm in one’s place, unsteady, S, PP; unstudeueste, S.—AS. unstedefæst.

Un-stirabil, adj. immovable, H.

Un-strong, adj. feeble, S.—AS. un-strang.

Un-suget, pp. not subject, W.

Un-tellendlic, adj. indescribable, S.

Un-þanc, sb. dislike; unþonkes, gen., S. Phr.: hares unþances, against their will, S.—AS. un-þanc.

Un-thende, small, out of season, PP, HD. Cf. Theen.

Un-thewe, sb. immorality, S; un-þeu, S; unþewe, dat., S; unþewes, pl., S2.—AS. un-þéaw.

Un-tholemodnes, sb. impatience, H.

Un-þrift, sb. unprofitableness; unþryfte, S2.

Un-thryftyly, adv. unprofitably, improperly, S2, C3.

Un-tiffed, pp. unadorned, S.

Until, conj., prep. until, unto, S2, PP, SkD; ontill, B. (Un- 3.)

Un-tiled, pp. untilled, PP; untuled, S2.

Un-to, prep. unto, SkD.—OS. untó for undt + ó; cp. OS. unte, until, Goth. unte, for, OHG. unz (Tatian). (Un- 3.)

Un-todealet, pp. undivided, S. (Un- 1.)

Un-toheliche, adv. unrestrainedly, S.

Un-tohen, pp. undisciplined, S; untowun, SkD (p. 695), untohe, S.—Cf. AS. téon. See Ten.

Un-trewe, adj. untrue, not straight, S, PP, C2.—AS. un-tréowe.

Un-trewnesse, sb. untruth, S.

Un-trewthe, sb. untruth, C3.

Un-trist, sb. disbelief, W.

Un-vysible, adj. invisible, W.

Un-war, adj. unexpected, unexpecting, SD, S2, C2, C3.

Un-ware, adv. unwarily, S2.

Un-warly, adv. at unawares, S3.

Un-way, sb. wrong path, H.

Un-weawed, pp. unveiled, S.—Cp. AS. wǽfels, a covering, veil.

Un-welde, adj. impotent, weak, SD, S; vnweldy, S3, C3.

Un-wemmed, pp. unstained, unspotted, S, S2, C3, W2; unwemmyd, W, H; unwemmet, S; unweommet, S.—AS. un(ge)wemmed.

Un-werȝed, pp. unwearied; unwerget, S.—AS. un(ge)wériged.

Un-wiht, sb. monster, an uncanny creature, evil spirit, S; unwiȝt, S; adj., S; unwiȝtes, pl., S.

Un-wille, sb. unwillingness, displeasure, S. Phr.: hire unwilles, against her will, S.—AS. un-willa.

Un-willich, adj. unwilling, S.

Un-wine, sb. enemy, S; unwines, pl., S.

Un-wis, adj. unwise, S2.—AS. un-wís.

Un-wisdom, sb. folly, W.

Un-wist, pp. unknown, C.

Un-wit, sb. want of wit, C3, H.

Un-witti, adj. unwise, W.

Un-wityng, pr. p. unknowing, C3.

Un-wityng, sb. ignorance, W.

Un-wiȝt, adj. uncanny, S. See Un-wiht.

Un-worschip, v. to dishonour, W.

Un-wrappen, v. to disclose, C2. (Un- 2.)

Un-wrast, adj. infirm, weak, base, bad, S, PP; unwreast, S; unwraste, pl., S; unwreste, dat. s., S.—AS. un-wrǽst.

Un-wrenc, sb. evil design; unwrenche, dat., S.—AS. unwrenc.

Un-wréon, v. to discover, to reveal, SD; unwreo, S; unwroȝen, S; unwroȝe, S.—AS. un-wréon. (Un- 2.)

Un-wrien, v. to uncover, SD; pp., S.—From AS. wríhan. (Un- 2.)

Un-wunne, sb. sadness, S, SD; unwinne, S; unwenne, S.

Un-wurð, adj. unworthy, S; unwurðe, pl., S; unwurðere, comp., S; unwurðeste, superl., S.—AS. un-wurð.

Un-wurði, adj. unworthy, S, SD; onwurþi, Prompt.

Un-wurðlich, adj. unworthy, base; unworþelych, S2; unwurðliche, adv., S.—AS. un-wurðlic, -lice.

Un-yliche, adj. unlike, S; unilich, S.—AS. un-gelíc.

Un-yqueme, adj. displeasing, S. See Un-cweme, Icweme.

Up, adv. and prep. up, S2, S3, G; op, S, S2. Phr.: up so doun, upside down, C, C3, W, PP; up se doun, W, W2; up soo doune, S3.—AS. up, upp; cp. OHG. úf (Otfrid).

Up-braiding, sb. reproach, S2.

Up-breiden, v. to reproach, S, W.

Up-breyd, sb. reproach, S2.

Up-cumen, v. to ascend; uppcumenn, S.

Up-heuen, v. to raise, S2; uphaf, pt. s., C; uphouen, pp., S2; upe-houen, S2.

Up-holdere, sb. seller of second-hand things, P.

Up-londisch, adj. rustic, countrified, S2; oplondysch, S2.

Vppe, adv. up, PP, S; upe, S, S2; ope, S2.

Vppon, prep. upon, PP; uppen, S; apon, S2. Phr.: vpon lofte, above, S2.

Up-right, adv. on one’s back, C, C2; upryghte, C2.

Up-risen, v. to rise up; up-rist, pr. s. CM.

Up-risinge, sb. resurrection, S2.

Up-rist, sb. rising, SD, S3; upriste, dat., S, C.

Up-set, pp. set up, S2.

Up-sterten, v. to start up; upsterte, pt. s., S2, C.

Up-stiȝe, sb. ascension, S.

Up-stiȝen, v. to ascend, SD; upsteghes, pr. pl., S2; upstegh, pt. s., S2.

Up-stowr, v. to be stirred up, S3.

Up-take, v. to take up, receive; uptoke, pt. s., S2.

Up-ward, adv. upward; uppard, S.

Up-warp, v. to throw up, S3.

Up-wauen, v. to move upward with an undulating motion; up-wafte, pt. pl., S2.

Up-ȝelden, v. to deliver up, S2.

Vrchun, sb. hedghog, H; see Irchon.

Ure, sb. practice, work, operation, ND, Manip., SkD.—OF. eure, uevre; Lat. ŏpera.

Ure, sb. fate, luck, good luck, B, CM.—OF. eur, eür: Prov. agur; Late Lat. *agurium for Lat. augurium; see BH, § 27.

Urnen, v. to run, S; see Rennen.

Urre, sb. anger, S; see Eorre.

Urþe (written Vrþe), sb. earth, S2; see Erthe.

Usage, sb. custom, C2, C3.—AF. usage.

Usaunce, sb. custom, HD, CM.—OF. usance (Cotg.).

Use, sb. use, usury, HD; us, S2, SD; vce, S3; oyss, B.—AF. us; Lat. usum.

Usen, v. to use, to be accustomed, PP, S3, C2; usede, pt. s., SD, PP; usiden, pl., dealt with, W; yvsed, pp., S2; uset, customary, PP; used, C3; vsyt, S3; oysit, B; wsyt, S3.—AF. user.

Ussher, sb. usher, door-keeper, C2, SkD; uschere, Prompt.; usshere, PP.—AF. ussher, usser, OF. ussier; Lat. ostiarium, door-keeper, from ostium, door.

Usure, sb. usury, C2, P; vsuris, pl., W.—AF. usure; Lat. usura.

Utas, sb. the octave of a festival, HD, ND, SkD, Palsg.—AF. utaves; Lat. octavas. For the s = v’s cp. in Old French vis = vivus (BH).

Ute, adv. out, S.—AS. úte.

Uten, prep. away from, S.—AS. útan; cp. Goth. utana.

Uthe, sb. wave, S; yþez, pl., S2, HD.—AS. ýð: Lat. unda.

Ut-laȝe, sb. outlaw, S.—Icel. útlaga, outlawed, útlagi, an outlaw. See Out-lawe.

Uttring, sb. circulating, S3. See Outren.

Uȝten, sb. early morning, S; see Uhte.

V U (consonant).

For some words of Teutonic origin beginning with V, see F; see also in some cases W.

Vacherye, sb. a dairy, Prompt.—OF. vacherie, a cow-house (Cotg.); Late Lat. vaccaria, from Lat. uacca, a cow.

Vader, sb. father, S, S2; see Fader.

Uæin, adj. fain, S; see Fayn.

Uair, adj. fair, S2; see Fayr.

Uale, adj. many, S; see Fele.

Vale, sb. vale, PP.—AF. val; Lat. vallem.

Valè, sb. valley, S2, B; valeie, S2; valeye, PP; valayis, pl., B.—OF. valee; cp. It. vallata.

Vale, v. to descend, S3.—Cp. OF. avaler, to descend. Cf. Aualen.

Valuwen, v. to become yellow, S; see Falwe.

Vampies, Vampett; see Vaumpe.

Vane, sb. a vane, C2; see Fane.

Vanishen, v. to vanish, C2; vanshe, Voc.; vanshede, pt. s., PP; vanyschiden, pl., became vain, W; vanyssht, pp., S2.—Cp. OF. esvanuïss-, base of pr. p. of esvanuïr; Lat. ex + uanescere, from uanus.

Vant, v. to vaunt, WA.—OF. vanter; Late Lat. vanitare, from Lat. uanus.

Vantwarde, sb. vanguard, S2; see Vauntwarde.

Uaren, v. to fare, S; see Faren.

Variaunt, adj. changing, fickle, C2.

Varien, v. to vary, Prompt.; wariande, pr. p., S2; variand, S2, S3; variant, S3.—AF. varier; Lat. uariare.

Varlet, sb. a young vassal, servant, squire, SkD, Sh.; verna, Manip.; verlet, S3.—OF. varlet, vaslet, dimin. of vassal. See below.

Vassal, sb. a servant, subject.—AF. vassal; Low Lat. vassallum (acc.), from vassus, a man, a subject (of Celtic origin); cp. Wel. gwas, a youth, servant.

Vassalage, sb. good service, prowess in arms, courage, B; vasselage, C, CM.—AF. vasselage (Roland).

Vath, sb. danger, B.—Icel. váði.

Vath, interj. fie! (= vah), W.

Uaumpe, sb. the fore part of the foot, the vamp, Prompt., S; vampies, ND; wampe, pedana, pedium, ante pedale, Voc.; wampay, pedana, Voc.; vauntpe, Palsg.; vampett, Cath.—OF. uantpie (Palsg.), avant-pied, the fore part of the foot (Cotg.).

Vaunte, sb. a boast, WA. See Vant.

Vaunten, v. to vault, S3; vant, S3 (s.v. vaut). Probably for vauut, vaut.

Vauntwarde, sb. vanguard, PP; vantwarde, S2; vaward, B, WA.—AF. avaunt-garde, OF. avantwarde, avantgarde.

Vauntynge, sb. vaulting, S3.

Vavasour, sb. a sub-vassal, C, HD.—AF. vavasour; OF. vavassor, a gen. pl. form, see Bartsch, p. 500; Low Lat. vassus vassorum, vassal of vassals (Diez, p. 338).

Vaylen, v. to avail; vaille, PP; vayleth, pr. s., S3; vayls, H. See Auailen.

Vayn, sb. vein, S3; see Veyne.

Ueale, adj. many, S; see Uele.

Ueat, sb. vessel, S; see Fat.

Veaw, adj. few, S2; see Fewe.

Veder, sb. father, S; see Fader.

Veel, sb. veal, SkD; veale, calf, Manip.; veal, Manip.; veilys, pl., calves, S3.—OF. veël (Ps. 28. 6): Prov. vedel; Lat. uitellum (acc.).

Veer-tyme, sb. spring-time, W2. See Ver.

Veille, sb. watcher, P; veil, PP.—OF. veile; Lat. uigilia, a vigil, a watch.

Ueir, adj. fair, MD; see Fayre.

Ueir, sb. beauty, S. See above.

Vekke, sb. an old woman, CM.

Uelaȝ-rede, sb. fellowship, S2; see Felawrede.

Uele, adj. many, S, S2; ueole, S; ueale, S; see Fele.

Uelen, v. to feel, MD; see Felen.

Veluet, sb. velvet, sericum villosum, Manip., Prompt.; velwet, Prompt.; velouette, C2; vellet, HD.—It. veluto (Florio); Late Lat. *villutum; from Lat. uillus, shaggy hair; cf. OF. velu, shaggy (Cotg.).

Vendage, sb. vintage, PP.—OF. vendange; Lat. uindēmia; see BH, § 167.

Venerie, sb. hunting, C; venery, game, DG.—OF. venerie (Cotg.), from vener, to hunt; Lat. uenari.

Venesoun, sb. venison, P, Voc.; venysoun, PP.—AF. venesoun, venysoun, OF. venison; Lat. uenationem, hunting, see Apfelstedt (Introd. xxx), BH, § 28.

Venge, v. to avenge, PP, ND, W; wenge, S2; vengide, pt. s., W.—OF. venger, vengier; Lat. uindicare.

Vengeable, adj. full of vengeance, S3, ND.

Vengeaunce, sb. vengeance, PP; vengance, WA; veniaunce, PP, W, W2; vengeans, B; veniauncis, pl., W.—OF. venjance (BH).

Uenie, sb. supplication for pardon on one’s knees, S.—Church Lat. venia (Ducange).

Venkisen, v. to vanquish, PP; vencuss, B; venkquyst, pt. s., S2; venquysshed, pp., S2, C3; venkised, PP; vencust, B.—AF. venquiss-, base of pr. p. of venquir, an inchoative form of OF. veincre; Lat. uincere.

Uenne, sb. dat. mud, S; see Fen.

Ventose, sb. cupping-glass.—OF. ventose (ventouse), cupping-glass (Cotg.); Late Lat. uentosa.

Ventouse, v. to cup, HD.—OF. ventouser (BH).

Ventusynge, sb. cupping, C.

Venust, adj. beautiful, S3.—Lat. uenustus.

Venym, sb. poison, PP, C; venim, C2, C3, PP, Manip.—OF. venin (Ps. 139, 3). Lat. uenēnum; see BH, § 44.

Venym-makere, sb. poisoner, W2, H.

Venymous, adj. venomous, CM.—AF. venymouse, OF. venemouse.

Venymous-heede, sb. venom, PP.

Ueole, adj. many, S; see Uele.

Ueond, sb. enemy, S; see Feend.

Ueor, adv. far, S; see Fer.

Ver, sb. spring, JD, H (Ps. 73. 18). Comb.: veer-tyme, spring-time, W2.—Lat. uer.

Ver, sb. glass, W2; verre, HD.—OF. verre (voirre); Lat. uitrum.

Uerd, sb. army, MD; uerden, pl. dat., S; see Ferd.

Uerden, pt. pl. fared, S; see Faren.

Verdegrese, sb. verdigris, PP; verdegrece, viride grecum, Voc.; verdegrees, C3.—OF. vert de gris, verdigrease (Cotg.); OF. Gris, Greeks (Ducange), pl. of gri; Late Lat. grĕcum; Lat. graecum; see Constans, Notes, p. 25, and BH, § 32.

Verdite, sb. verdict, C; verdyte, Palsg.—AF. veirdit; Lat. uere dictum.

Uere, sb. companion, S; see Fere.

Vergere, sb. an orchard, CM.—OF. vergier (BH); Late Lat. viridiarium; see BH, § 134.

Verlet, sb. a young servant, S3; see Varlet.

Vermel, adj. vermilion-coloured, S3; vermayle, CM.—OF. vermeil; Lat. uermiculus, scarlet (Vulg.).

Vermiloun, sb. vermilion; vermyloun, Voc.; vermylion, WA; vermeon, WA.—AF. vermiloun.

Vernage, sb. an Italian white wine, Prompt., CM, HD.—AF. vernage; It. vernaccia, ‘a kind of winter wine in Italy very strong like Malmezy,’ so Florio, cp. Dante, Purg. 24, 24; from It. vernaccio, a severe winter, from verno, winter; Lat. hibernum, belonging to winter. Cp. Low Lat. vernachia (Ducange).

Vernicle, sb. a copy of the handkerchief of St. Veronica, S2, PP, C; vernakylle, Cath.; vernacle, HD.—Church Lat. veronicula, also veronica from Veronica, the traditional name of the woman who wiped the Saviour’s face (the word being popularly connected with uera icon, true likeness); Veronica is a form of Bernice, the traditional name of the woman who was cured of an issue of blood. Bernice or Berenice is a Macedonian form of Φερενίκη, bearer of victory. See F. veronique in Cotg.

Vernisch, sb. varnish, S2, PP; vernysche, Prompt.; vernysh, bernix, Voc.; viridium, virificum, Voc.; vernish, encaustum, Manip.—OF. vernis, varnish, Cotg.; from OF. vernir; Late Lat. *vitrinire, from uitrinus, from uitrum, glass (Diez, p. 339).

Vernish, v. encaustare, Manip.—OF. vernisser, to varnish, to sleek, or glaze over with varnish (Cotg.).

Verony, sb. a vernacle, HD.—OF. veronie; Low Lat. veronica (Ducange). See Vernicle.

Verraily, adv. verily, C2, C; verralyest, superl., H.

Verray, adj. true, S, S2, C2, C3, B; verrey, G, HD; very, W. Phr.: verray force, main force, C2.—AF. verrai, verai; Late Lat. *verăcum (whence F. vrai), from Lat. uerus.

Verrayment, adv. verily, C2; verament, S3, HD.

Vers, sb. verse, PP.—AF. vers; Lat. uersus.

Versifie, v. to compose verses, PP.

Versifyour, sb. versifier; vercefyour, S2.

Vertu, sb. power, healing power, miracle, virtue, kindness, S2, PP, W, C2; vertues, pl., S2. Phr.: the Lord of vertues, the Lord of hosts, W2, H.—OF. vertu, virtud; Lat. uirtutem.

Verveine, sb. vervain, SkD; verueyne, S2; verveyn, Voc.—OF. verveine; Lat. uerbēna; see BH, § 44.

Very, adj. true, W; see Verray.

Vese, v. to drive away, HD; see Fesien.

Vese, sb. a rush of wind, C.—Cp. Icel. fýsi, impulse. See above.

Vestiment, sb. vestment, C2; uestimenz, pl., S, C.—OF. vestiment (Bartsch); Lat. uestimentum.

Vewe, adj. few, S2; see Fewe.

Veyne, sb. vein, C; veine, SkD; vaine, S3; vayn, S3; vanys, pl., S2; waynys, S3.—AF. veine; Lat. uēna; see BH, § 44.

Viage, sb. voyage, journey, S2, S3, C, C3, CM, B; vyage, S2.—OF. viage, (BH); Lat. uiaticum, provisions for a journey, from uia.

Vicarie, sb. vicar, PP; vicary, C2; vicorie, PP; vikery, PP; vickery, PP; vecory, Voc.—AF. vicaire (F. viquier); Lat. uicarium, a substitute.

Vilanye, sb. villainy, C2, C3, PP; villanie, violentia, Manip.; vilonye, disgrace, G.—AF. vilanie, OF. vilenie (vilonie), from vilain, peasant, farm-servant, also bad, villainous (BH); Late Lat. villanus, farm-servant, from Lat. uilla, farm-stead, country-house.

Vile, adj. vile; vyle, PP; vil, PP.—AF. vil; Lat. uilem.

Villiche, adv. vilely, S2.

Vilte, sb. vileness, H (Ps. 49. 22); vylte, HD; vilete, HD.—OF. vilté; Lat. uilitatem.

Viole, v. to violate; violid, pp., S3.—OF. violer; Lat. uiolare.

Viole, sb. vial; violis, pl., W (Rev. 5. 8); violes, C3.—OF. viole; AF. fyole; Lat. phiala; Gr. φιάλη.

Virelay, sb. a sort of rondeau, ND; virelayes, pi., S3, CM; virolais, HD.—OF. virelay (Cotg.); OF. virer + lai; OF. virer; Late Lat. virare; Lat. uibrare (Diez, p. 736). Cf. Vyre.

Visage, sb. face, PP, C2; vysege, S2.—AF. visage; Late Lat. *visaticum, from Lat. uisum, acc. of uisus, sight.

Vitaille, sb. food, S2, C2, C3; vitaile, PP, WW; vitayle, S3; victual, WW; vitalis, pl., B.—AF. vitaille; Lat. uictuālia, provisions; see BH, § 6.

Vitailled, pp. provisioned, C3; vitailid, W.

Vitailler, sb. victualler, PP; vittelleris, pi., foragers, B.

Vitremyte, sb. woman’s cap, C2.—Lat. uitream mitram, glass head-dress (?). Cp. Sp. mitra, a sort of cap made of pasteboard, which was put on the heads of witches when led to punishment (Stevens). For the loss of r in -myte cp. F. marte for martre, a marten, also OF. feneste for fenestre, and terreste for terrestre; see Apfelstedt (p. xxxviii).

Voide, adj. void, empty, W2.—AF. voide (F. vide), OF. vuide, fem. of vuit; Late Lat. *vocitum, from stem voc-; [cp. Lat. uacare; see BH, § 63, and Constans (s.v. vuit).—A. L. M.]

Voiden, v. to empty; voyden, to get rid of, C2; to expel, C; voidis, pr. s., S3; voyde, imp. pl., make room, S3; depart from, C2; voydeth, send away, C3; voyded, pt. s., S2; voidid, pp., made void, W.—AF. voider, to leave, OF. vuidier (Bartsch). See above.

Vokyte, sb. an advocate, Voc.; vocates, pl., PP.—Lat. aduocatus.

Volage, adj. light of conduct, giddy, CM.—OF. volage, light (BH); Lat. uolaticum.

Volageouss, adj. light of conduct, B. See above.

Volatilis, sb. pl. birds (a misrendering of Lat. altilia). W; so in the AS. version altilia is rendered by ‘fugelas’; birds (= Lat. uolatilia), W2; volatils, HD.—Lat. uolatilia, poultry (hence F. volaille), pl. of uolatilis (Voc.); from uolare, to fly.

Voluntè, sb. will, CM.—OF. volonta, voluntet; Lat. uoluntatem.

Voluper, sb. a woman’s cap, CM; volyper, Cath.—Cp. OF. envoluper, to wrap round (BH).

Vouches, pr. s. avouches, S3; see Vowchen.

Vow, sb. vow, PP; vowes, pl., PP; vouwes, S2.—OF. vou (Ps. 21); Lat. uotum. Cf. Auowe (p. 18).

Vowchen, v. to vouch, cite, call, HD; vouchen, to avouch, S3. Phr.: vouchen saf, to guarantee, vouchsafe, PP, HD; vouche sauf, C2.—AF. voucher, vocher; Lat. uocare; see BH, § 96.

Vowtres, sb. pl. vultures, WA.—OF. voutre; Lat. uultur.

Vowtriere, sb. adultress, WA. See Avoutrie.

Voys, sb. voice, S2, S3, C2, C3; woice, S2; voce, B; vois, PP.—OF. vois; Lat. uōcem; see BH, § 74.

Vyne, sb. vine, PP.

Vyner, sb. vineyard, W2; vynere, H; vyneris, pl., W2; vyners, H.—OF. vinier (BH); Late Lat. vinarium, vineyard, from Lat. uinum, wine.

Vyner, sb. vine-dresser, Manip.—OF. vinier (Ducange); Late Lat. vinarium (acc.).

Vynour, sb. vine-dresser, Bardsley.—OF. vineür; Lat. uinitorem.

Vyre, sb. a crossbow-bolt, B.—OF. vire (Ducange). Cf. Virelay.

Wa-We.

Wa, sb. woe, WA, B; waa, WA, HD; see Wo.

Wa, pron. who, S; see Who.

Waast, sb. waist, C2; see Waste.

Wacche, sb. vigil, watch, PP, HD; wecche, S; wach, one who keeps a lookout; wecche, pl., S; wecchess, S; wacchis, WA; wachis, sentinels, S3.—AS. wæcce.

Wacchen, v. to watch, SkD; vachit, pp., S2.—AS. wacian.

Wachet, sb. a sort of blue cloth, CM. See Philolog. Soc. Trans. 1885, p. 329.

Waden, v. to wade, PP; vayd, S2. Der.: vading, wading, S2.—AS. wadan, pt. s. wód, pp. gewaden.

Wæs, imp. s. be, S, Comb.: wæs hail, be hale, S; wæs hæil, S; wassail, S; wassayl, S.—ONorth. wæs, AS. wes, imp. s. of wesan, to be.

Wæs, pt. s. was, S; see Was.

Waff, v. to waft, lift up, raise, bear, SkD, JD; wafte, pt. s., S2.—Icel. váfa, to wave, vibrate.

Wafre, sb. a thin small cake, wafer, CM, PP; wafur, Prompt., Voc.—AF. wafre (F. gaufre); ODutch wafel (see Kilian); cp. OHG. waba, honey-comb (Tatian); see Weigand (s.v. waffel).

Wafrere, sb. a maker of wafer-cakes, confectioner, PP; wafereres, pl., C3.

Wafrestre, sb. a female maker or seller of wafer-cakes, PP.

Wage, sb. a gage, pledge, pay for service, WA, Prompt.; wages, pl., PP.—AF. wage, gage; Low Lat. wadium, a pledge; Goth. wadi; cp. Lat. uas (uadi-). Cf. Wed.

Wagen, v. to engage, to go bail, P, Prompt.—OF. gagier; Low. Lat. wadiare, from wadium. See above.

Waggen, v. to shake to and fro, Prompt., CM, PP; waggid, pp., W.

Waghe, sb. wall, H; wah, S; see Wowe.

Waille, v. to wail, C2; see Weilen.

Wait, pr. s. knows, S3; see Witen (1).

Waith, sb. danger, peril, B, JD; wathe, WA; vath, B.—Icel. váði.

Waith, v. to hunt, fish.—Icel. veiða, to catch, hunt; cp. AS. wǽðan, to hunt, to wander (Grein). Related to F. gagner (see Brachet). See Gaignage.

Waith, sb. game, sport, a ‘take,’ S3, JD.—Icel. veiðr; cp. OHG. weida (Otfrid), see Weigand (s.v. weide).

Waithing, sb. what is taken in hunting or fishing, JD, S3.

Wak, adj. wet, moist, S3, SkD (s.v. wake). Der.: waknes, moistness, JD.—Cp. Du. wak, Icel. vökr; cp. Icel. vök (vaka-), a hole in ice.

Wake, sb. a watch, vigilia, Cath. Comb.: wakepleyes, ceremonies attending the vigils for the dead, C.

Waken, v. to be awake, to wake, cease from sleep, S, PP, S2; woc, pt. s., S; wok, S; wook, S2, C3.—AS. wacan, pt. wóc, pp. wacen.

Wakien, v. to watch, to awake, S, PP; waky, S2; wakede, pt. s., S, PP; waked, pp., S.—AS. wacian, pt. wacede.

Waking, sb. a watch, S2, C2; wakynge, W.

Waknen, v. to be aroused from sleep, SkD, PP.—AS. wæcnan.

Wal, sb. wall, murus, paries, Prompt., S, S2, C2; wall (= Lat. maceria), H, WA; walles, pl., S; wallen, S.—AS. weall, wall, rampart; Lat. uallum.

Wald, sb. wold, wood, WA.—AS. weald; cp. OHG. wald.

Wald-eȝed, adj. wall-eyed, WA.—Icel. vald-eygðr.

Wale, v. to choose, WA.—Cp. Goth. waljan.

Walette, sb. bag, wallet, Prompt.; walet, C.—Perhaps a corruption of Watel; see SkD.

Walk (Valk), v. to watch, S2, S3, B.—So written for wakk (vakk). See Wakien.

Walke, sb. a walk, WA.

Walken, v. to roll, walk, S; welk, pt. s., SkD; welke, HD; walke, pp., S.

Wallare, sb. stone-mason, murator, Prompt. See Wal.

Walle, sb. a spring of water, HD. Comb.: walle-heued, a springhead, S2.

Wallen, v. to boil, to well, to turn about, S, S2, PP; weallen, S. Comb.: wal-hat, boiling hot, S. Der.: wally, surging, S3.—AS. weallan, pt. wéol, pp. weallen.

Walme, sb. a bubble in boiling, HD.

Walshe, adj. and sb. foreign, a foreigner, Welshman, P. Comb.: walshe note, walnut, CM.—AS. wælisc, foreign, Welsh (SkD); from wealh, a foreigner, a Welshman.

Walt, pt. s. possessed, S2; see Welden.

Walten, v. to roll, to roll over, overturn, to fall, to well out, S2; welt, pt. s., SkD (s.v. welter); welte, HD; walt, S2.—AS. wealtan.

Walter, sb. water, S3; see Water.

Walteren, v. to roll about, welter, S2, S3, PP; weltyn, Prompt. Der.: waltrynge, a weltering, Prompt.; weltering, a turning over, S3.

Walwen, v. to roll, CM, PP; welwyn, Prompt.; walowand, pr. p., WA; walewide, pt. s., W.—AS. wealwian: Goth. walwjan (in compounds).

Walwyng, sb. a rolling, W.

Wambe, sb. belly, womb, WA; wame, WA.

Wan, adj. wan, pale, C3, W; wanne, Prompt.; won, S2. Comb.: wannesse, lividness (= Lat. liuor), W2.—AS. wann (wonn).

Wan-, prefix, expressing lack, deficiency. Comb.: wan-beleue, perfidia, Prompt.; wan-hope, despair, S2, C, P, H, Voc.; wan-towen, untrained, wanton; wantown, C; wantoun, C2; wanton, WA; wantowe, Prompt.; wanton-nes, want of discretion, S3; wantownesse, C; wan-truce, fail, failure, S; wan-trukien, to fail, SD; wan-trokiynge, abatement, S2; wan-trust, distrust, CM.—Cp. Du. wan-, prefix.

Wand, sb. a rod (= Lat. uirga), H (Ps. 109. 3), WA; wande, H (Ps. 44. 8).—Cp. OSwed. wand.

Wand, sb. hesitation, S2. See Wonden.

Wandren, v. to wander, to walk, S2, PP, W; wondren, S2, PP.—AS. wandrian.

Wand-reðe, sb. misery, S, HD; wandreth, peril, S2, WA; wontreaðe, S; wondrede, S; wanrede, S.—Icel. vand-ræði, difficulty, from vandr, difficult.

Wane, sb. weening, thought, judgment, B; wan, S2; vayn, S2, B; veyn, doubt, B.—AS. wén. See Wenen.

Wane, sb. a quantity, a number, S2, S3; see Woon.

Wane, sb. want, deficiency, misery, S, S2, WA; wone, S.—AS. wana.

Wanelasour, sb. one who rouses and drives game, alator, Voc. See HD (s.v. wanlace).

Wanen, v. to wane, to fail, to grow less, C, C2, S2; wanye, P; wanne, to ebb, S3; woned, pp., S2.—AS. wanian (wonian).

Wanene, adv. whence, S; see Whanene.

Wangeliste, sb. evangelist, S2.—Church Lat. euangelista (Vulg.).

Wangtooth, sb. molar tooth, C2; see Wonge.

Wankel, adj. tottery, unstable; wankyll, S2.—AS. wancol (SkD, s.v. wench); cp. OHG. wank, tottering (Otfrid).

Wanne, adv., conj. when, S, S2; see Whanne.

Wannes, adv. whence, S3; see Whannes.

Want, adj. deficient; wannt, SkD; wonte, sb. deficiency, SkD.—Icel. vant, n. of vanr, deficient.

Wanten, v. to be lacking, carere, Cath.; wonte, S, S2; wantede, pt. s., S; wayntyt, pl., S3.—Icel. vanta.

Wapne, sb. weapon, S; see Wepne.

Wapnid, pp. armed, S2; see Wepnen.

Wappen, v. to lap, wap (said of water), to yelp, S3, Prompt.

Wappynge, sb. barking of hounds, Prompt.

War, adj. cautious, wary, S, S2, C2, G, W, W2, PP; wear, S; warliche, adv. cautiously, S; wearliche, S; warly, H; warli, W. Der.: warschipe, prudence, S.—AS. (ge)wær: OHG. gi-war (Otfrid). See I-war (p. 123).

War, pt. s. subj. were, S2; war . . ne, unless, S2; see Was.

War, adv. where, S; see Wher.

Warant, sb. a warrant, guarantee, SkD; protector, Prompt.—AF. warant, OF. garant, Low Lat. warentem (Diez, p. 177); OHG. werento, pr. p. of weren, warjan, to protect, to take heed. Cf. Warice.

Waranten, v. to warrant, C3.

Ward, sb. a guard, SD; wardes, pl., SD.—AS. weard (m.), ‘custos’.

Ward, sb. world (Lancelot of the Laik, E.E.T.S. No. 6). See Werd.

Warde, sb. ward, custodia, S; ward, care, heed, regard, S2; keeping, Prompt.—AS. weard (f.), ‘custodia.’ Comb.: warde-motes, meetings of a ward, P.

Warden, v. to guard, S; warded, pp., S2.—AS. weardian.

Wardeyne, sb. warden, Prompt.; wardeyn, CM, Voc.; wardane, B; wardeynes, pl., umpires, G.—AF. wardein.

Wardone, sb. a kind of pear, volemum, Prompt.

Wardrobe, sb. a house of office, CM.

Ware, sb. merchandise, S2, C3, G, SkD.—Icel. vara; cp. AS. waru, care, custody, (Grein).

Ware, sb. host, collection, S2. Comb.: helleware, the host of hell, SD; watres ware, waters, S2; windes ware, winds, S2.—AS. -waru (Grein), see Fick, 7. 291. Cf. Were.

Ware, sb. spring, H; wayr, ver, Cath.; were, B.—Icel. vár.

Ware, sb. weir, dam, HD; wore, S2; were, CM.—AS. wer (SkD); cp. Icel. vörr.

Ware, adj. comp. worse, H; see Werre.

Ware, v. to lay out, to spend, S2, HD, JD, Palsg. (p. 452); wayr, commutare, Cath., JD; war, JD.—Icel. verja, to clothe, to invest money, to spend. See Werien.

Wareyne, sb. a warren, Prompt.; warrayne, HD. Der.: warnere, warrener, Prompt.; warner, P, HD, Bardsley.—AF. warenne (garenne, garreyne); Low Lat. warenna; from OHG. war- in warjan. See Warant.

Warh (in compounds), an outlawed felon. Comb.: warh-treo, the felon’s tree, the gallows (used of the cross of Christ), S.—AS. wearh, an outlawed felon, a wolf; cp. Icel. vargr, a wolf, an outlaw. With warh-tréo cp. OS. warag-treo, Icel. varg-tré, also AS. wearh-ród (Voc.).

Wari-angel, sb. a butcher-bird, a small woodpecker, WA (p. 469); wary-angle, Cotg. (s.v. pie).

Warice, v. to heal, cure, to be cured, C3; warschyn, convalesco, Prompt.; warisch, WA; warysshe, Palsg.; warisshed, pp., Prompt. (n).—OF. wariss-, pr. p. stem of warir, garir (F. guérir), of Teut. origin; OHG. warjan, to protect. Cf. Warant.

Warien, v. to curse, S, S2, S3, W, H (Ps. 108. 27), C3; werien, H; varyit, pt. s., S2; wereged, pp., S.—AS. wergian; cp. OHG. (fur)wergen (Tatian). AS. wergian, from wearh, an accursed person, an outlawed felon. See Warh.

Warien, v. to be on the watch, S (9. 132); waren, S; ware þe, imp. s., PP; war yow, pl., C2.—AS. warian, to take heed.

Warke, sb. work, S2; see Werk.

Warlaȝe, sb. a warlock, sorcerer, deceiver, WA.—AS. wǽrloga, covenant-breaker, often used of the devil (Grein).

Warnin, v. to warn, moneo, S, C2; warnon, Prompt.; warnyt, pt. s., B; warnede, PP.—AS. wearnian, from wearn, a denial, refusal. Cf. Wernen.

Warnishen, v. to fortify, protect, SkD (s.v. garnish); warenyss, H; warnist, warnyst, warnyscht, pp., H; warnised, HD. Der.: warnysynge, protection, defence, H; warnyshynge, H.—AF. warniss-, pr. p. stem of warnir; of Teut. origin. See Warnin.

Warpen, v. to throw, cast, utter, to lay (eggs), PP, S2, S, Cath.; werpen, S, H; worpen, S; warp, pt. s., S, PP; warpe, PP; werp, S2; worpen, pp., S.—AS. weorpan, pt. wearp, pp. worpen: OS. werpan; cp. OHG. werphan (Tatian).

Warrok, v. to fasten with a girth, PP; warrick, HD.

Warrok, sb. a girth, Voc.

Warysone, sb. reward, donativum, possessio, Prompt.; waryson, WA; warison, CM; warysoun, S2, B; waresun, Voc.; warisoune, B.—OF. warison, help, protection, from warir (guarir, garir). See Warice.

Was, pt. s. was; wæs, S; wees, S2; wes, S, S2; watz, S2; was, 2 pt. s., S; wes, S; were, S, W2; wæren, pl., S; wærenn, S; waren, S; weren, S; wer, S; war, S2; weoren, S; woren, S; wern, S2; wore, S; ware, S; wear, S3; ware, pt. s. subj., S; war, S2; war . . . ne, were . . . not, unless, S2, H; were, S2.—AS. wæs, 1 and 3 pt., wǽre, 2 pt. (pl. wǽron), subj. wǽre (pl. wǽren). See Wæs.

Waschen, v. to wash, S; waische, W2; wasshen, S; weschen, S; wessche, S2; wassen, S; wasse, S; wesch, pt. s., S; wessh, S, S2; wesh, C2, C3; weis, S; waischide, W, W2; wesse, pl., S; wosschen, S2; wisschen, G; wesshen, P; wasshe, pp., C3; wasschen, G; waischun, W; ȝe-wasse, S.—AS. wascan, pt. wósc (wóx), pp. wascen (wæscen).

Waselen, v. to wade in mire; waseled, pt. s., S3.—Icel. vasla, to wade in ooze, from vás, wetness, cp. AS. wós (wór). See Wose, Wori.

Wassail, a salutation used in drinking, S, ND; wassel, ND; wassayl, S; wæshail, S. See Wæs.

Wast, sb. wasteful expenditure, C3 (p. 48).

Waste, adj. solitary, S; vast, S2.—AF. wast.—OF. guaste. See below.

Waste, v. to waste away, C2; vast, to waste, S2.—OF. waster (gaster); cp. MHG. wasten; Lat. uastare; see Mackel, Germ. Elemente, p. 72.

Waste, sb. waist, a man’s middle, Prompt.; wast, Prompt.; waast, C2.—Probably a deriv. from Wexen (to grow); see SkD.

Wastel, sb. a cake made of the finest flour, P, Prompt.; wastell, libum, Voc.; wastelle, Voc., Cath. Comb.: wastel breed, cake-bread, CM, C.—AF. wastel, gastel (F. gâteau).

Wastme, sb. growth, form, personal appearance, S, SkD (s.v. waist); westm, fruit, S.—AS. wæstm. See Wexen.

Wastoure, sb. a destroyer, WA; a wasteful person, P.

Wat, pron. what, S, S2; see What.

Wat, 1 and 3 pr. s. know, knows, S, S2, S3; see Witen (1).

Wat, pt. s. quoth, S; see Queðen.

Wate, sb. chance, luck, S; see Whate.

Watel, sb. a hurdle woven with twigs, a bag of woven stuff, the baggy flesh on a bird’s neck, wattle, SkD. Comb.: watelful, wallet-full, PP.—AS. watel, hurdle, covering. Cf. Walette.

Watelen, v. to wattle, to strengthen with hurdles, SkD; watelide, pt. s., PP.

Water, sb. water, S2; weater, S; vattir, S2; walter, S3; watres, pl., S2. Comb.: watirbank, shore, W; waterles, without water, C. Der.: watrand, watering, S2.—AS. wæter: OS. watar; cp. OHG. wazzar (Tatian).

Watloker, adv. comp. sooner, S2; see What.

Wattri, adj. venomous, S2; see Attrie.

Waueren, v. to waver, to wander, Prompt.; waverand, pr. p., B; vauerand, S2, B; wawerand, B; waweryt, pt. s., B; vaueryt, S2.—Icel. vafra.

Wawe, sb. wall, WA; waghe, WA.—AS. wáh; cp. Goth. waddjus. See Wowe.

Wawe, sb. wave, S2, C3, W, PP, Prompt.; wawes, pl., WA, S2, S3, C3; waweȝ, S2; waȝeȝ, S2; quawes, S2.—Icel. vágr; cp. AS. wég: Goth. wegs; see Kluge (s.v. woge).

Wawen, v. to move from side to side, P; wawid, pp., shaken, SkD (s.v. wag).—AS. wagian (Grein).

Wax, sb. wax, Prompt.; wex, C, C3; wexe, W2. Comb.: wax-bred, a board covered with wax, a writing-tablet, S; wax-lokes, wax-flakes, S2.—AS. weax, wax; wæxbred, a board covered with wax.

Waxen, v. to grow, S, S2; see Wexen.

Way, interj. wo!, S; see Wo.

Wayke, adj. weak, Cath., S2, C, C3, PP; wayk, S2, C2; waik, PP, B; waiker, comp., S3.—Icel. veikr; cp. AS. wác. Cf. Woc.

Waykely, adv. watchfully, carefully, S3.—AS. wacollice, adv. from wacol (Voc.). See Waken.

Waymenten, v. to lament, Prompt., Spenser (2).—AF. weimenter, guaimenter.

Waymentynge, sb. lamentation, C, CM, H; weymentynge, C.

Wayne, sb. wain, cart, Prompt., G; waines, pl., S.—AS. wægn: OHG. wagan (Otfrid).

Wayowre, sb. a wager, Prompt.; waiour, S2.—OF. wageure (F. gageure), from wage (gage). See Wage.

Wayryngle, sb. a little villain, WA.

Wayte, sb. watchman, waker, spy, Prompt.; waites, pl., S2. See below.

Wayten, v. to watch, expect, C2, S2, PP; waiten, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; i-wayted, pp., S2.—AF. wayter, OF. guaiter (Roland): OHG. wahten, to watch (Otfrid).

Wayue, v. to send, put away, WA; wayfe, WA.—Cp. Low Lat. wayviare; see Ducange (s.v. wayf). Cf. Weyuen.

We, sb. way, S2; see Wey.

Weaden, sb. pl. garments, S; see Wade.

Wealden, v. to govern, S; see Welden.

Wealdent, sb. ruler, S; walden, S.—AS. wealdend.

Wealden, v. to govern, rule, control, possess, S; see Welden.

Weallen, v. to boil, S; see Wallen.

Wear, adj. wary, cautious, S; see War.

Weater, sb. water, S; see Water.

Web, sb. that which is woven, S2, W2 (Job 7. 6); webbe, P; wobbys, pl., S3.—AS. webb.

Webbare, sb. maker of woollen or linen cloth, Prompt.

Webbe, sb. a weaver, Bardsley, CM, C; a female weaver, P.

Webster, sb. a female weaver, Voc.; textor, Voc.; webstere, textor, Voc., W2 (Job 7. 6); websteris, pl., S2.—AS. webbestre.

Wecche, sb. vigil, watch, S; see Wacche.

Wed, sb. a pledge, W2; wedde, P; dat., S, S3, C. Comb.: wed-lac, wedlock, S; wedlak, S; wedlock, C2; wedlackes, gen., S; wedlakes, S.—AS. wedd: Goth. wadi. Cf. Wage.

Wedden, v. to engage by a pledge, to marry, S, C; i-weddet, pp., S; y-wedde, S; y-wedded, C2.—AS. weddian, to pledge.

Wede, sb. weed, garment, S, C2, PP, WA; weid, S3; weyd, S3; weden, pl., S; weaden, S; wedes, S, S2, P; wedis, S3, B.—AS. wǽde: OS. wádi.

Weden, v. to be mad, to go mad, S2, WA; weide, S3 (6. 438); wedde, pt. s., S.—AS. wédan, from wód. See Wode.

Weder, sb. wether, Voc.; wedyr, Prompt.; weddir, S2; veddir, S2; wether, S2.—AS. weðer: cp. Goth. withrus, lamb.

Weder, sb. weather, S, S2, C2; wedirs, pl., S2, WA; vedirs, S2; wedereȝ, storms, S2; wederes, P.—AS. weder; cp. G. wetter.

Wederen, v. to expose to the weather; wederyn, auro, Prompt.; widren, to wither, SkD; wydder, S3. Der.: wethering, weathering, seasoning from exposure to the weather, S3.

Wedous, sb. pl. widows, S3; see Widewe.

Wee, sb. a man, WA; we, WA. See Wye.

Weed, sb. weed, wild herb, Prompt.; wed, S; weode, dat., S.—AS. wéod, wíod: cp. OS. wiod.

Weep, pt. s. wept, C1, C3; see Wepen.

Weet, adj. wet, PP; wete, C.—AS. wǽt.

Weete, sb. wet, perspiration, S2, PP; wete, S2, C3; weet, C2, PP.—AS. wǽta.

Weeten, v. to wet, W2; wette, pt. s., C.—AS. wǽtan.

Wei, interj. wo! S; see Wo.

Weilen, v. to lament, W, W2, S2; weylen, C; waille, C2. Der.: weilyng, lamentation, W.—Cp. Icel. væla.

Weir, sb. war, S3; see Werre.

Weir, sb. doubt, B; weyr, B, S2; were, CM, S2, JD; wyre, Digby Myst.

Weird, sb. fate, S3; see Werd.

Weiȝh, sb. man, S2; see Wye.

Wel, adv. well, very, S, S2, PP; wæl, S; weyl, S2; weill, S3; wiel, S3; wol, S; wele, S2; welle, S. Comb.: wel-bigoon, joyous, CM; welcomen, welcome, PP; welcume, S; welcome, to welcome, PP; wolcumen, S; wilcweme, content, S; wel dede, good deed, PP; pl., S; welfaring, prosperous, C2.—AS. wel; cp. OHG. wuola (Tatian). Cf. AS. weldǽd, a benefit (Bosworth).

Wel, 1 pr. s. will, desire, S2; see Wille.

Welde, sb. weld, dyer’s weed, Prompt., CM, SkD; wolde, Prompt.; wald, JD.—Cp. Low Lat. gualdum (Ducange). Cf. Gaude. ‘Weld, Reseda luteola, Genista tinctoria,’ Britten (Plant-names).

Welden, v. to have power over, govern, possess, SD (s.v. walden); wealden, S; wolde, S; wald, pr. s., S; wolde, pt. subj., SD.—AS. wealdan, pt. wéold, pp. wealden.

Welden, v. to wield, possess, S, S2, W2; weld, S3; welt, pt. s., S2; welte, C2; welde, C2; walt, S2; welded, C2; weldide, established, W2; weldiden, pl., obtained, W2.—AS. (ge)weldan.

Weldere, sb. possessor, W2.

Weldynge, sb. possession, H.

Wele, sb. weal, prosperity, S, S2, S3, C2, PP; weole, S, S2, PP; welle, PP; well, PP; weolen, pl., benefits, S. Comb.: weleful, blessed, joyous, S; weoleful, S; welful, S2, C3; welefully, prosperously, W.—AS. wela, weola.

Welewen, v. to fade, to become yellow, W, HD; welwen, S2; welyen, S2; welowe, Cath., HD; wilowe, H (Ps. 72. 17); walows, pr. s., WA; wellowd, pp., Cath.—AS. wealowian (Bosworth).

Welk, pt. s. walked; see Walken.

Welken, v. to fade, wither, Prompt., S, S2, S3, C3, H, HD; wealked, pp., S3.—Cp. Du. welken.

Welkene, sb. welkin, sky, PP; welken, WA; welkne, C2, HD; weolcne, S; wolcne, S.—AS. wolcnu, pl. of wolcen, cloud, OS. wolkan.

Welle, sb. spring, fountain, S, C2, S2; well, S3; wel, S; weeles, pl. (= Lat. torrentes), S2. Comb.: welsprung, wellspring, S.—AS. wella, also well, wyll, from weallan, to boil up. See Wallen.

Wellen, v. to well, S2, PP.—AS. wellan, wyllan.

Wellen, v. to weld; fundo, Prompt.; wellid, pp., W2. Comb.: wellyng-place, a smelting-place (= Lat. conflatorium), W2.—Cp. Swed. välla, to weld.

Welt, pt. s. overturned; see Walten.

Welðe, sb. wealth, riches, S, PP; weolthe, PP. See Wele.

Welwen, v. to fade, S2; see Welewen.

Wem, sb. spot, blemish, S2, PP, C2, W, W2, H; wemme, Prompt., W; wembe, H. Comb.: wemles, spotless, S2, WA; wemmeles, S2; wemmelees, C3.—AS. wamm, Goth. wamm, OS. wam, crime, wickedness.

Wemmen, v. to stain, blemish, SD.—AS. wemman: Goth. (ana)wammjan.

Wenche, sb. a girl, maiden, maid-servant, S2, C2, WA, Prompt., SkD; wench, B, S2, WW.

Wenchel, sb. an infant (boy or girl), SkD (s.v. wench).—AS. wencel, weak, tottery; cp. OHG. wankón, to totter (Otfrid). See Wankel.

Wenden, v. to turn (act.), to turn oneself, to turn, to go, depart, S, S2, C2; went, S3; wend, imp. s., S; went, S; pr. s., turns (act.), S; wend, pl., C2; wende, pt. s., S, S2; wend, H (Ps. 9. 28); wente, S, S2, C2; wenden, pl., S; wenten, S; wente hym, turned him (reflex.), S3, C3; went, pp., S, S2, C2, C3; wente, W; iwent, S; iwente, S. Der.: wendynge, departure, H.—AS. wendan, pt. wende: Goth. wandjan, causal of windan. See Winden.

Wenen, v. to ween, suppose, S, S2, C2, C3, PP; weene, PP, S3; wanst, 2 pr. s., S; wende, pt. s., S, S3, C2, PP; wente, pp., S3; wend, C2.—AS. wénan, (pt. wénde): Goth. wēnjan, from wēns, hope; cp. OS. wánian, OHG. wánen (Tatian).

Wenen, v. to disaccustom, to wean, ablacto, Prompt., W2, H.—AS. á-wenian, to disaccustom, to wean (VP. Ps. 130. 2), cp. wenian (wennan), to accustom, Icel. venja: Goth. *wanjan; cp. Icel. vanr, accustomed.

Wenge, sb. wing, PP, Cath.; wenges, pl., S2, S3; winges, C2; whynges, S2; wengis, W2; wyngis, W2; wengen, dat., S. Der.: wenged, winged, C.—Icel. vengr.

Went, sb. passage, road, pathway; wente, dat., CM.

Weod, sb. weed, S; see Weed.

Weole, sb. weal, S, S2, PP; see Wele.

Weoli, adj. powerful, S.—AS. welig, rich. See Wele.

Weorc, sb. work, S; see Werk.

Weored, sb. a host, cohort; weordes, pl., S; wordes, S.—AS. weorod: OS. werod.

Weoren, pt. pl. were, S; see Was.

Weorld, sb. world, S; see Werld.

Weorren, v. to war, S.—AS. werrian (uerrien in Chron. ann. 1135).

Wepe, sb. weeping, S2; wep, S.

Wepen, v. to weep, S, P, C3; weopen, S; wep, pt. s., S, S2, C; weep, C2, C3; wepe, P; weop, S; wepen, pl., S; wepte, pt. s., C3; wepten, pl., P; wopen, pp., C2.—AS. wépan (pt. wéop): OS. wópian, Goth. wopjan. See Wop.

Wep-man, sb. a man, a male, SD; weopmon, S; wepmen, pl., S.—AS. wæpman (Voc.), wǽpnedman (Grein). See below.

Wepne, sb. weapon, membrum virile, PP, S, Prompt.; wepen, C2; wapne, S; wapynnys, pl., S3, B; wapnys, B; wapen, WA.—AS. wǽpen: Goth. wēpna, pl. weapons; see Sievers, 17, and Cosijn, p. 41.

Wepnen, v. to arm, SD; wapnid, pp., S2; wapened, WA; wopnede, pl., S.

Wer, sb. war, B; see Werre.

Werble, sb. warble; wrablis, pl., S3.

Werblen, v. to warble (of trumpets), WA, SkD; werbelen, SkD; wrabil, to move in an undulating manner, JD.—OF. werbler; of Teut. origin, cp. G. wirblen, to whirl, to warble.

Werchen; see Werke, Werken.

Werd, sb. fate, destiny, S3, B; weird, S3; werðe, S2; wurde, SD; werdis, pl., S3, H, B; wierde, HD, CM; wordis, H; wurðes, S.—AS. wyrd. See Worthen.

Werd, sb. world, WA, S2; see Werld, Ward.

Were, sb. a man, husband, S. Comb.: wer-wolf, wer-wolf, S2; werwolues, pl., S3.—AS. wer, OS. wer; cp. Goth. wair, Lat. uir, OIr. fer.

Were, sb. company, host, S.—Cp. MHG. wer, were: OHG. warí, see Weigand (s.v. wehr). Cf. Ware.

Were, sb. war, H; see Werre.

Were, sb. doubt, S2; see Weir.

Wereged, pp. accursed, S; see Warien.

Wereld, sb. world, S; see World.

Weren, pt. pl. were, S; were, S; wer, S; see Was.

Werien, v. to weary, C3. See Wery.

Werien, v. to wear, PP, S; were, S2, C2; wer, S3; werede, pt. s., C; wered, PP, C2, C3; wered, pp., C2, C3, PP; worne, spent, past, S3.—AS. werian: Goth. wasjan; cp. Icel. verja, to clothe, to invest money, to spend.

Werien, v. to defend, to keep off, S; weren, S, S2, C; werede, pt. s., S2.—AS. werian, OS. werian; cp. OHG. werren, to defend, forbid (Otfrid), weren, to forbid (Tatian).

Werke, sb. work, a work of defence, WA; werk, S, S2, C2, Prompt.; were, S; weorc, S; worc, S2; worke, S2; warke, S3; weorkes, pl., S. Comb.: werk-beeste, jumentum, W2.—AS. (ge)weorc: OS. werk; cp. Icel. virki, an entrenchment.

Werke, v. to work, Prompt.; wirken, S2; werchen, S, S3, C3; wirchen, S; wurchen, S, S2; worchen, W, S2; wrohte, pt. s., S; wroȝte, S, S2; wroght, S2; wraht, S2; wrahtes, 2 pt. s., S; wrogt, pp., S; wrocht, S3; wroght, S2; wroughte, S3; i-wraht, S; i-wrouhte, S; y-wrouȝte, P; y-wroght, C2.—AS. wyrcan, pt. worhte, pp. geworht.

Werke, sb. pain, HD.—AS. wærc (Grein); cp. Icel. verkr.

Werken, v. to ache, WA; werkyn, Prompt.; werchen, S3.—Icel. verkja.

Werkinge, sb. aching; werkynge, H; head-ache, Prompt.; warkynge, H; werkyngis, pl., H.

Werld, sb. world, S, S2; weorld, S; woreld, S; worlde, PP; world, S; wereld, S; wurld, S; worlt, S; wordle, S2, PP; word, S2, PP; werd, WA, S2; werde, Prompt.; weorldes, gen., S; woreldes, S; wereldes, S; werldes, S; werdes, S2; wordles, pl., S2. Comb.: weoreldliche, worldly; weorelldlike, S; worldlich, S; wurldlic, S; worltliche, S; wordliche, S; werdliche, S3; weoreldschipe, worldliness; weorelldshipess, gen., S.—AS. weoruld: OS. werold; cp. OHG. weralt (Tatian).

Wermod, sb. wormwood, Voc.; wermode, SB; wormod (= Lat. absinthium), W; wormode, Voc.; wormwod, Voc.—AS. wermód, (OET.); cp. G. wermuth.

Wern, pt. pl. were, S; see Was.

Wernard, sb. a deceiver, liar, P; wernardes, pl., P.—OF. guernart. See below.

Wernen, v. to refuse, PP, S, S2, G, HD; wurne, S2; warn, H, B, S2, HD; wornde, pt. s., S2.—AS. wyrnan, to refuse (Grein); cp. OS. wernian. Cf. Warnin.

Werpen, v. to throw, to bring forth, S; see Warpen.

Werrayour, sb. warrior, B.—OF. guerreier (BH).

Werre, adj. comp. worse, H, HD; were, JD; wer, B; ware, H, JD; war, JD, B; waur, JD.—Icel. verri.

Werre, sb. war, S, C, C2, H, Cath.; worre, S2; were, H; wer, B; war, B; weir, B, S3. Der.: werely, warlike, S3, JD.—OF. werre (F. guerre); OHG. werra, strife, cp. gi-werri, a tumult (Otfrid).

Werreyen, v. to make war, C2; werray, H, B; warray, B.—OF. werreier, guerroier.

Werrien, v. to make war, SD; weorren, S; worri, S2; waryed, pt. pl., H; werid, H (Ps. 108. 2).—AS. werrían; OF. guerrier (BH). See above.

Werse, adj. comp. worse, S; see Wurse.

Werte, sb. a wart, C, Prompt., Voc.; warte, Cath.; wrette, Prompt.; wrot, Prompt. (n). Comb.: wrot-wort, uerrucaria, Prompt. (n).—AS. wearte (Voc.).

Werwolf, sb. man-wolf; see Were.

Wery, adj. turbid, dirty, S2 (4 a. 38); weary, C2; weri, adv., S. Der.: werinisse, weariness, S2.—AS. wérig, weary. See Worie.

Wes, pt. s. was, S, S2; see Was.

Weschen, v. to wash, S; wessche, S2; wesch, pt. s., S; see Waschen.

Weste, adj. desolate; wesste, sb., wilderness, S.—AS. wéste, desolate (wésten, a desert): OS. wósti; cp. OHG. wuosti (Tatian). Cf. Waste.

Westi, adj. desolate, S.

Westm, sb. fruit, S; see Wastme.

Wet, pron. what, S; see What.

Wether, sb. wether, S2; see Weder.

Wette, pt. s. wetted, C; see Weeten.

Weued, sb. altar, S2.—AS. weofod (for wíh-bedd), idol-table, altar (Voc.), wigbed (Grein), wibed (VP). AS. wíh (wig), idol, sacred place, altar (Grein); cp. Goth. weihs, holy, and G. weih- in weih-nacht, weih-rauch.

Wexen, v. to wax, to grow, S, S2, C3, W, W2; waxen, S, S2; walxis, pr. pl., S3; wex, pt. s., S, S2, S3; weex, C3; wæx, S; wax, S2; wox, S2; wexe, W; wexen, pl., S; wexe, C2; woxen, W; wolx, S3; wexide, pt. s. (weak form), W2; waxen, pp., S; woxen, C2, C3, W; woxe, G; wox, S2.—AS. weaxan, pt. wéox, pp. weaxen.

Wey, sb. way, S, S2, C2; wei, S, S2; weg, S; weie, S; weye, S; we, S2; weies, gen., S; vayis, S2. Comb.: weybrede, plantain, Prompt., Voc. (see Grimm, p. 1215). Phr.: a litill we, a little bit, S2; a wei, a little time, S2 (see SkD, s.v. wee, p. 833).—AS. weg; cp. Goth. wigs.

Weyd, sb. garment, S3; see Wede.

Weye, sb. creature, person, wight, man, PP; wye, PP; wy, PP.—AS. wíga, warrior, man.

Weye, sb. a wey, a weight so called, PP.

Weyen, v. to weigh, to move, PP, C2, S, S2; weie, S2; weiȝen, S; weyen, pp., S2, P; weyede, pt. s. (weak form), S2; weyȝed, P.—AS. wegan, to bear, to move, pt. wæg (pl. wǽgon), pp. wegen.

Weyuen, v. to swing about, to set aside, remove, push aside, waive, C2, C3, G, S2.—AF. weiver; Icel. veifa, to vibrate. Cf. Wayue.

Weyues, sb. pl. men or things found astray without an owner, P.—AF. waif; weifs (pl.). See above.

Wh.

Wha, pron. who, S2; see Who.

Whær, adv. where, S; see Wher.

Whal, sb. whale, W2.—AS. hwæl (Voc.). Cf. Qual.

Whan, adv. interrog., conj. when, S2, C2; whane, S; whanne, S, W; hwanne, S; huanne, S2; hwenne, S; hwan, S; hwen, S; hwon, S; wanne, S, S2; wonne, S; wane, S, S2; wone, S; wan, S; won, S; quanne, S; quane, S; quan, S; quuan, S; quen, S2; quene, S. Comb.: whannse, whensoever, S.—AS. hwanne.

Whanene, adv. whence, S; wanene, S; wenene, S2; whænnenen, S; whenne, S2, C2.—AS. hwanon.

Whannes, adv. whence, S, S2; huannes, S2; whannus, W2; whennys, W; wannes, S2; whennes, C3, P.

What, pron. interrog., adj. n., and adv. what, why, wherefore, S, S3, W; whæt, S, S2; whatt, S; whaut, S2; hwat, S; hwet, S; huet, S2; wat, S, S2; wet, S, S2; quat, S, S2. Comb.: hwat . . . wat, both . . . and, S; wat . . . wat, S; what swa, whatsoever, S; quat so, S; quat kin, what kind, S2; quat als euer, whatsoever, S2.—AS. hwæt.

What, conj. what time, until; wat, S.—Cf. Al-wat.

What, adj. quick, keen, sharp, strenuous, MD; whæt, MD; hwat, MD; wat, MD; adv., S; wate, MD; whate, MD, HD; hwatliche, S; watloker, comp., S2.—AS. hwæt: OS. hwat; cp. Icel. hvatr, OHG. was, sharp (Otfrid).

[Whate], sb. chance, luck; hwate, S, MD; wate, S; quate, HD.—AS. hwat, omen, augury, incitamentum; cp. Icel. hvöt (hvata-). See What, adj.

Whaup, sb. the larger curlew, HD, JD; whaap, JD; whap, JD; quhaup, JD; quhaip, JD; awp, JD; awppis, pl., S3.

Wheen, sb. a number, a quantity, JD; quhene, JD.—Cp. AS. hwéne inst. of hwón, see Sievers, 237. See Woon.

Wheene, adj. pl. few, B.

Whele, sb. wheel, Voc., W2; whiel, CM; whel, C; quhele, S3; hweoles, pl., S. Comb.: quheill-rym, wheel-rim, S3.—AS. hwéol; cp. Gr. κύκλος; see Douse, p. 37.

Whele, sb. a pimple, Prompt., Voc. (790. 27); wheal, SkD; wheale, ‘pupula,’ Manip.; queale, Manip.

Whelen, v. to putrefy, Prompt.—AS. hwelian (BT).

Whelke, sb. a pimple, Voc., Prompt., MD; whelk, Sh.; whelkes, pl., CM, C, SkD (s.v. wheal).

Whelp, sb. a whelp, dog, C2, C3, Prompt.; welp, MD; quelpe, MD; quilpe, MD; qwelpe, Voc.—AS. hwelp.

Whene, v. to lament, MD.—AS. hwǽnan. See Quain.

Whennes, adv. whence, C3, P; see Whannes.

Wher, adv. interrog. and rel. where, S, C2; whare, S2; whær, S; hwer, S; hwar, S; huer, S2; wer, S; war, S; quar, S2 (s.v. si-quar); quhare, S3; quuor, S. Comb.: wheras, where, S3, C2; werbi, whereby, S; werefore, wherefore, S; hwerfore, S; warevore, S, S2; werinne, wherein, S2; huermyde, wherewith, S2; quor-of, whereof, S; whærswa, wheresoever, S; wherso, C2; hwarse, S; hwerse, S; warso, S2; whærsitt, S; quhair-to, wherefore, S3; whærwiþþ, wherewith, S; wareþoru, wherethrough, S2.—AS. hwǽr.

Wher, pron. and conj. whether of the two, whether, S2, C, C2, G, PP; where, PP; whar, S; hwere, S; wer, S2; quer, S2; quhidder, S3; whether, S; hweðer, S. Comb.: wher so, whethersoever, S; queðer so, S.—AS. hwæðer. Cf. Auþer, Æiðer.

Whete, sb. wheat, Voc., C3; hwete, S; wete, S; quete, S2; quet, S2.—AS. hwǽte: Goth. hwaiteis.

Whethen, adv. whence, HD, H; whythyne, HD (p. 929).—Icel. hvaðan.

Whetten, v. to sharpen, CM, Prompt., S3; whætte, pt. s., S, MD; wette, MD. Comb.: whet-stone, Prompt.; whestone, Prompt.; wheston, Voc.; whestones, pl., S2.—AS. hwettan: Icel. hvetja. See What, adj.

Whi, adv. interrog. why, S; wi, S; wy, S; hwi, S; qui, S2.—AS. hwí, inst. of hwá. See Who.

Whicche, a chest, trunk, box; whucche, PP; whyche, Prompt.; hoche, Prompt.—AS. hwicce; ‘Clustella, hwicce;’ Engl. Studien, xi. 65.

Which, pron. interrog. and rel., adj. which, S2; whilk, S2; whillc, S; whulche, S; hwilc, S; hwilch, S; hwich, S; hwuch, S; huych, S; huyche, S2; wulc, S; wilk, S2; wulche, S; woche, S; wuch, S2; wic, S; quilc, S; quilk, S2 (squilk) H; quhilk, S3. Comb.: wilc so, whichsoever, S; hwychso, S.—AS. hwilc (for hwí-líc).

Whider, adv. whither, PP, C2, C; whidir, SkD; whyder, PP; hwider, S; wider, S; quhethir, S2. Comb.: hwiderse, whitherso, S; whider-ward, whitherward, S2; whederward, S2; whydyrward, S2; whederwarde-so, whithersoever, S2.—AS. hwider.

While, sb. a while, duration of time, PP; whyl, C2; hwile, S; hwule, S; wile, S; wyle, S2; wule, S2; quhyle, S3; whyle, adv., for a time, sometimes, formerly, S2; wile, S; wil, S3; quile, conj., S; quhill, S2, S3; wile, S. Comb.: whyle-ere, formerly, S3; whyler, C3.—AS. hwíl, a time, space: cp. Goth. hweila.

Whiles, adv. and conj. whiles, whilst, S2, PP; wiles, S; whyls, C3; hwils, S.

Whilk, pron. which, S2; see Which.

Whilom, adv. sometimes, formerly, C, S2, PP; whilum, PP; whylom, C2; hwilem, S; hwylem, S; wylem, S; quilum, S; quhilum, S3.—AS. hwílum, at times.

Whipling, sb. a murmuring, S3.

Whippe, sb. whip, scourge, SkD; quippe, Voc.; quhyp, S3.

Whippen, v. to move suddenly and quickly, SkD; whypt, pt. s., S3.

Whit, sb. a wight, man, S3; see Wight.

Whitely, adv. quite, H; see Quytly.

Who, pron. interrog. and rel. who, any one, SD, PP; wha, S2; hwo, S; huo, S2; hwa, S; ho, S2; wo, S, S2; wa, S; quho, S3; quha, S2; ȝwo, SD; qva, SD; qvo, SD; qwo, SD. Comb.: who se, who so, S2, PP; hwo se, S; ho se, S2; ho so, P; wo so, S, S2; hwa se, S.—AS. hwá, hwá-swá; cp. Lat. quo-d; see Douse, p. 71.

Whom, pron. interrog. and rel. dat. to whom, C2; wham, S; wam, S; hwom, S; hwam, S; quam, S.—AS. hwám, hwǽm (dat.).

Whon, pron. interrog. and rel. acc. (also dat.), S; whan, SD; hwan, S; wan, S, S2.—AS. hwone (acc.).

Whos, pron. interrog. and rel. gen. whose, C2, W; whas, SD, P; whes, SD; quhais, S3; quhois, S3.—AS. hwæs (gen.).

Whough, interj. whew!, S3; wough, S3.

Whulche, pron. which, S; see Which.

Whyppyltre, sb. cornel-tree, C; see Wyppyl-tre.

Whyrle, sb. whirl, giraculum, Cath. (n). Comb.: whirl-bon, vertebra, SD; whyrlebone, Voc.; whorlebone, Cath.; whyrlewynde, turbo, Prompt.

Whyrlyn, v. to whirl, Prompt.; whirlen, C2; wyrle, S2; quhyrl, S3. Comb.: whirlinge wyndys, whirlwinds, W.—Icel. hvirfla, to whirl.

Whyte, sb. white wine, C3.

Whyte, adj. white, PP, C2; whit, S, C, PP; hwit, S; wit, S; quhite, S3; quhyt, S3; quite, S2; huyter, comp., S2; whittore, S2. Der.: whytnesse, whiteness, C3. Comb.: Witsunnedei, Whitsunday, S; Witesonetid, Whitsuntide, S2.—AS. hwít: cp. Goth. hweits.

Wi-Wy.

Wi, adv. why, S; see Why.

Wicche, sb. sorcerer, magus, sortilegus, also witch, PP; wyche, magus, Prompt., Cath., Voc.; witch, Cath. Comb.: wicchecrafte, PP; wychecraft, Cath., Voc.; wichchecreftes, pl., S.—AS. wicca (m).

Wicht, adj. active, vigorous, S3; see Wight.

Wicke, adj. bad, false, S, S2, PP; wicce, S; wycke, S2; wikke, P, C2, C3; wike, S, S2; wic, S2; wik, S2, H. Der.: wickenesse, iniquity, SD; wickenes, S2; wiknes, S2; wickenesses, pl., S2.

Wicked, adj. depraved, Cath.; wykkyd, Prompt.; wykkid, H (p. 360); wykked, S2; wikked, C2, P; wikkedly, adv., wickedly, C2.

Wid, adj. wide, S; wide, adv., S, PP; wyde, C2, PP; wydder, comp., PP. Der.: wydene, wide, far, S2, PP. Comb.: wydewhere, far and wide, S2, PP; wydewher, C3, G.—AS. wíd; cp. OHG. wít (Tatian).

Wid, prep. against, with, S2; see Wið.

Widewe, sb. widow, PP; wydewe, PP; widwe, C2, C3; wodewe, PP; wedous, pl., S3.—AS. widwe (weoduwe): Goth. widuwo; cp. OHG. wituwá (Tatian).

Wif, sb. woman, wife, S, S2, PP; wyf, C3, PP; wiues, gen., S2, C2; wiue, dat., S; wif, pl., S; wyf, G; wifes, S; wiues, S2, C2. Comb.: wyfhood, womanhood, C2; wifman, woman, S; wimman, S; wymman, S; wiman, S; womman, S, PP; wummon, S; wommanhede, womanhood, C2, C2.—AS. wíf: OHG. wíb (Tatian).

Wig, sb. a beast of burden, a horse, S.—AS. wicg; cp. Icel. viggr (viggja-), also vigg, see Sievers, 247.

Wigelen, v. to reel, stagger, S.

Wight, adj. active, swift, strong, S2, PP, CM, G; wyght, S2; wiȝt, PP; wiht, PP; wyht, Prompt.; wicht, S3; wycht, S3; wict, S; vicht, S2; wyte, Prompt.; wightly, adv., H; wiȝtli, S2; wiȝtliche, S2, P; wihtliche, S2; witly, S2. Der.: wightnesse, alacrity, Cath.

Wight, sb. wight, creature, being, PP, S2, C3; wyght, PP, S2, C3; wiȝt, PP, S; wijȝt, S3; wiht, S, S2; wyht, S2; whit, S3; whiȝt, S3.—AS. wiht, see SkD.

Wiht, sb. a thing, S; wiȝt, S; whit, WW.—AS. wiht (wuht), thing, f. and n.

Wihte, sb. dat. weight, S; see Wyghte.

Wik, sb. a dwelling; wike, pl., S. Comb.: wike-tun, court; wiketunes, pl., S.—AS. wíc; Lat. uicum (acc.).

Wike, sb. week, S, S2, GS, CM, PP; wyke, PP, C, S2; weke, PP, Cath.; woke, W, S2, PP, Prompt., Cath.; wouke, W; wowke, Cath.—AS. wice (wucu); Lat. uicem.

Wike, sb. office, service, SD; pl., S.—Cp. Goth. wiko; Lat. uicem, change, regular succession, office, service.

Wike, sb. pl. the corners of the mouth, S (4 a. 49).—Cf. Icel. munnvik, pl., the corners of the mouth; see CV (s.v. munnr). The word wikes is still in use in this sense at Whitby. See Whitby Glossary (E.D.S.).

Wiken, sb. office, charge; wikenn, S (5. 1113), SD.

Wikenere, sb. officer, SD.

Wiket, sb. a small gate, S, P, CM; wickett, PP; wykett, valva, gate, Cath.; little window, fenestrella, Prompt.; viket, lodium, a lover-window, Cath. (n).—OF. wiket (viquet); cp. ODu. wicket.

Wikke, adj. bad, C2, C3; see Wicke.

Wikked, adj. depraved, bad, C2; see Wicked.

Wil, sb. will, joy, S; Comb.: wilful, desirous, gracious, willing, W, W2; wilfull, S3; wilfulliche, willingly, S; wilfulli, W; wilfully, C3.—AS. (ge)will. Cf. Wille.

Wild, adj. self-willed, untamed, uncultivated, desert, S; wielde, W2; wylde, sb. pl., wild animals, S2. Der.: wilderne, wilderness, SkD; wildrin, desert, belonging to a wilderness, S2; wildernesse, wilderness, SkD; wyldernys, Voc.—AS. wild.

Wile, sb. a while, S; see While.

Wilk, pron. which, S2; see Which.

Will, adj. at a loss, astray, bewildered, B, S2; wil, H; vill, B; wille, adv., S. Phr.: will of red, at a loss in counsel, B; will of wane, at a loss in thought, B; will of wan, S2; vill of vayn, S2.—Icel. villr (for wildr), wild.

Wille, 1 pr. s. will, S, S2; wel, S2; wule, S; wulle, S; wile, pr. s., S, S2; wole, S; wol, S2, C2; wult, 2 pr. s., S; wolt, S, S2, C2; willen, pl., S; willeð, S; wulleð, S; wulle, S; wilen, S; wiln, G; wolleð, S; wole, C2; woln, C. Comb.: ichulle (ich + wulle), S; ich chulle, S; ich chule, S; wiltu (wilt + ðu), S; wilte, S; woltow, C, PP.—AS. wille, 1 and 3 pr. s., wilt, 2 pr. s. See Wolde.

Wille, sb. will, joy, pleasure, S, S2, C2, PP; wylle, PP; willes, gen. as adv. willingly, S; willeliche, adv., willingly, S. Comb.: willesful, wilful, S; willesfol, S2; wylles uol, S2; wylsfully, wilfully, S2. Phr.: mid guode wylle, willingly, S2; in good wille, anxious, G.—AS. willa: Goth. wilja. Cf. Wil.

Willing, sb. desire, C2.

Wilnen, v. to desire, S, S2, S3, C, C2, W, P; wilnien, S; wylny, S2. Der.: wylnynge, desire, S2.—AS. wilnian.

Wilwe, sb. willow-tree, C, Prompt.—AS. welig (Voc.).

Wimman, sb. woman, S; see Wif.

Wimpel, sb. a nun’s veil, S; wympel, C. Comb.: wimpel-leas, wimple-less, S.—Icel. vimpill; cp. AF. guimple.

Wimplin, v. to cover with a wimple, S; y-wimpled, pp., C; i-wimplet, S; y-wympled, C.

Wimplunge, sb. wimpling, S; wimlunge, dat., S.

Winden, v. to wind, twist, turn; wynde, PP; wand, pt. s., SD; wonden, pl., P; wounden, PP; wunden, pp., S; wounden, S; wounde, PP; y-wounden, PP.—AS. windan, pt. wand (pl. wundon), pp. wunden.

Wine, sb. friend; wines, pl., S. Comb.: wine-maies, kinsmen, S.—AS. wine, wine-mǽg.

Winne, sb. joy, S; wynne, HD (p. 933); wunne, S, S2; win, S. Der.: winli, pleasant, S2; winsom, S2.—AS. wynn.

Winnen, v. to win, S, S2, C2; wynne, S2; wyn, S3; vyn, S2; wunien, S; wan, pt. s., S, S2, C2, C3, P; van, S2; wonne, pl., PP, S2; wonnen, pp., C; wonne, C; y-wonne, P; i-wonne, S2; wonen, S2; wune, S2. Der.: wynnyng, gain, W.—AS. (ge)winnan, pt. wan (pl. wunnon), pp. wunnen.

Wirken, v. to work, S2; see Werke.

Wis, adv. indeed, S; wisly, adv., certainly, surely, C, C2, C3.—AS. (ge)wiss. See I-wis.

Wissen, v. to direct, guide, S, S2, S3, CM, P; wyssen, S2; wyssye, S; wisi, S. Der.: wissunge, instruction, S; wissinge, dat., S; wissenge, S.—AS. wissian, wísian: OHG. wîsjan, also uuîsen (Otfrid).

Wiste, pt. s. knew, S, C2, G; wist, pp. known, S3, C2, G; see Witen (1).

Wistynge, sb. learning, H.

Wit, sb. wisdom, intelligence, S, C2; wyt, S; wittes, pl., senses, S, S2, C2; wites, S.—AS. (ge)witt.

Wit, prep. with, S; see Wið.

Wite, sb. blame, S2, H; wyte, C3. See Witen (3).

Witen (1), v. to know, S, S2, W, PP; wyten, S, S2; witte. S2; witt, S3; witt, imp. s., S; wittow, witow, know thou, S2; wute, pl., S; wytene, ger., S2; witynge, pr. p., S2, W; wat, 1 and 3 pr. s., S, S2, S3; wate, H; wait, S3; wot, S, S2, C2; woot, S2, W; wote, S3; woȝt, S2; wost, 2 pr. s., S, C2; wostu, knowest thou, S; wostow, C2; witen, pl., S, W; wyteð, S2; wate, S2; wiste, pt. s., S, C2, G; wisten, pl., S, W; wist, S2, S3; wyst, S2, S3; wuste, pt. s., S, S2; wust, S2; wist, pp., S3, C2, G.—AS. witan, 2 pr. wást, 3 pr. s., wát (pl. witon), pt. wiste (wisse), pp. witen.

Witen (2), v. to observe, keep, guard, S, P, S2; wiste, pt. s., S; wistest, 2 pt. s., S; i-wist, pp., S. See above.

Witen (3), v. to impute, blame, S, S2; wyte, C2.—AS. wítan, to see, to blame (Grein).

Witen (4), v. to depart, to disappear, to dwindle, S, H; wyte, H; wit, S2; ute, let us, S.—AS. (ge)wítan; see Grein. See above.

Witerliche, adv. truly, S; witerlike, S; see Witter.

Wið, prep. against, towards, by, with, S, S2; wid, S, S2; wit, S, S2; wiȝth, S2. Comb.: wiðinnen, within, S; wiðinneforð, inwardly, S3, W; wiððan, provided that, S; wiððat, S, S2; wiðouten, without, S2, S3, W; wiðuten, S; wiðoutenforth, outside, S2; wiðouteforð, S3, W; withoutforth, S2.—AS. wið.

With-clepin, v. to recall, revocare, Prompt.

With-draȝen, v. to withdraw, S; wyðdraȝen, S2; wiðdroȝe, pt. s., S; withdrow, S.

Wiðer, prep. against, SD; adj., hostile, S; sb., resistance, SD. Comb.: wiðerling, adversary, S; wiðerward, contrary, SD; widerwardnesse, opposition, S; wiðerwin, adversary, HD, S2.—AS. wiðer, against.

Wiðeren, v. to resist; wiððreðð, pr. s., S.—AS. wiðerian.

Wiði, sb. a willow, a flexible twig, a withy, SD, SkD; wythy, Voc.; widdie, a rope made of twigs of willows, a halter, a whip made of twigs, JD. Comb.: wythe-bonde, boia, chain for prisoners, Prompt.; weðe-bondes, gen., S2; wið-winde, convolvulus, SD; withewyndes, gen., S2 (p. 334), P.—AS. wiðig, willow, wiðwinde, ‘viticella,’ Voc.; cp. ODu. wedewinde.

With-seye, v. to contradict, renounce, wythsay, HD (p. 935); wiðseggen, S, S2.

Wið-stod, pt. s. stood beside, S2; withstode, pl., resisted, PP.

With-take, v. to reprove, H; withtoke, pt. s., H.

With-takere, sb. reprover, H.

Witien, v. to keep, S2; wited, pt. s., S2. Der.: witunge, care-taking, S.—AS. witian, ‘providere’ (Grein).

Witing, sb. knowledge, C2. See Witen (1).

Witiȝe, sb. seer, prophet, S; witeȝe, S.—AS. wítiga, from wítan, to see; cp. OHG. wízago (Tatian) from wízan, to see (Otfrid). See Witen (3).

Witter, adj. wise, skilful, S; wyter, S2; witerliche, adv., truly, wisely, S; witerlike, S; witterly, clearly, P, HD; witerrlike, S; witterlike, S; witerli S2; witirly, H.—Icel. vitr, vitrliga.

Witti, adj. skilful, W2.—AS. wittig.

Wit-word, sb. covenant, H; witeword, S2.

Wiȝt, sb. creature, thing, S; see Wight.

Wlaffyng, sb. babbling, S2.

Wlanc, adj. proud, fine, grand, S2; wlonk, S2; wlonke, fine woman, HD.—AS. wlanc (OET).

Wlappen, v. to wrap, W, W2; lappen, W, H, Cath., SkD, HD.

Wlatien, v. to feel disgust, to abominate, W, W2, S2, HD; wlathid, pt. s. H.—AS. wlætian.

Wlat-some, adj. disgusting, abominable, S2, HD; wlatsom, C; wlatsum, S2; latsom, S2; wlathsum, H.

Wlatunge, sb. disgust, SD; wlathyngis, pl., abominations, H.—AS. wlátung, nausea (OET).

Wlech, adj. warm, S.—AS. wlæc.

Wlite, sb. beauty, splendour, form, hue, face, S.—AS. white (OET).

Wliten, v. to see, SD; wlyteð, pr. pl., S2.—AS. wlítan; cp. Icel. líta.

Wlonk, adj. fine, grand, S2; see Wlank.

Wluine, sb. she-wolf, S. See Wolf.

Wo, interj., wo!, SD; way, S; wei, S; wi, S. Comb.: wo la wo, an exclamation of sorrow, S; weylaway, S2, C3; weilawei, S; wailawai, S; wayloway, G; walawai, S; wele away, S3.—AS. wá: Goth. wai; cp. OHG. wê (Otfrid), Icel. vei.—AS. wá lá wá.

Wo, sb. also used as adj. woe, sorrowful, S, S2, C2, C3; wa, S, S2, B. Phr.: wo begon, surrounded with woe, SkD; wa worth, B; wo worthe, SD.—AS. wéa.

Woc, adj. weak, S; wooc, SkD.—AS. wác. See Wayke.

Woc, pt. s. woke, S; see Waken.

Woche, pron. which, S; see Which.

Wode, sb. wood, tree, S, S2, C2, PP; wod, S2; vod, S2; wude, S. Comb.: wode-bynde, woodbine, SkD; woode-bynde, caprifolium, Prompt., C; wod-bynde, S2 (p. 476); woode-lynde, linden-tree in a wood, G; wode-roue, woodruff, S2; woode-rys, brushwood, G; woode-schawe, thicket of the wood, G; wude-side, wood-side, S; vode-syde, S2; wode-wale, the name of a bird, also called wit-wall, Prompt., HD; wude-wale, S; wode-wose, a satyr, faun, SD, Voc., Prompt. (n); wode-wese, Prompt.; wod-wose, WA.—AS. wudu; cp. OIr. fid (Windisch).

Wode, sb. woad, S, Prompt.; wod, SkD; wad, gaudo Prompt.—AS. wád.

Wode, adj. mad, raging, S, S2, S3, C; wod, S, S2, H; wood, C2, C3, S3; woode, W; wodly, adv., madly, C. Der.: wodnes, madness, S2, H; wodenesse, S2; woodnesse, C3, W. Comb.: wodewrothe, madly angry, S3.—AS. wód: Goth. wods; cp. OHG. wuot.

Woden, sb. name of a Teutonic deity, S. Comb.: Wodnes-dei, Wednesday, SD; Wednes dai, SD; wendes dei, S.—AS. Wóden; cp. OHG. Wuotan, Icel. Óðinn.

Woh, adj. crooked, wrong; woȝe, S; woȝhe, pl., S. Adv. phr.: mid wohe, wrongfully, S; mid gret wou, S2; wiðð woȝhe, S; wið wou, S2; on wowe, S.—AS. wóh, crooked.

Woh, sb. wrong, S; wouche, S3; wowe, pl., S2.—AS. wóh, iniquity.

Woke, sb. week, W, S2; see Wike.

Wol, pr. s. will, S2; see Wille.

Wol, adv. well, very, S; see Wel.

Wolcne, sb. pl. clouds, the sky, S; see Welkene.

Wold, sb. power, meaning, force, S, S2.—AS. (ge)weald.

Wolde, sb. wold, open country, country, S, Prompt.—AS. weald, wood, forest: OS. wald.

Wolde, pt. s. was desirous, was willing, would, S, S2, C2; wulde, S; walde, S; wald, S2, B; wlde, S2; woldes, 2 pt. s., S; wolden, pl., S; wolde, S, C2; wulde, S; wuld, S2; walden, S; vald, S2, B.—AS. wolde, pt. s. of willan. See Wille.

Wolf, sb. wolf, PP; wlf, S; wlfe, Voc.; wolwes, pl., S2; wulues, gen., S. Comb.: wolues-heed, wolf’s head, outlaw, G.—AS. wulf; cp. Icel. úlfr.

Wolle, sb. wool, S, S2, C3, P. Comb.: wolle-ward, with the skin against the wool, SkD; wolward, S3; woolward, ND; wolle-websteres, wool-weavers, P.—AS. wull: Goth. wulla.

Wollen, adj. woollen, P.

Wolt, 2 pr. s. wilt, S; see Wille.

Wolx, pt. s. grew, S3; see Wexen.

Wombe, sb. venter, alvus, uterus, Prompt., S, S2, S3, C2, C3, P; wambe, S3.—AS. wamb: Goth. wamba, the belly.

Won, adj. wan, S2; see Wan.

Wonden, v. to turn aside, to fear, to hesitate, S, S2; wayndyt, pt. s., S3.—AS. wandian.

Wonder, adj. fearful, wonderful, S, S2, C2; adv., C3; wounder, S2; vounder, S2; wondir, S3, H; wunder, sb., a wonder, S; wounder, S2; wunder, pl., awful wickednesses, S. Der.: wunderlice, wonderful, S; wunderliche, adv., S; wonderlyche, S2; wonderly, C; wunderlicheste, superl., S; wunderlukeste, S. Phr.: to wundre, wrong, S.

Wondrien, v. to wonder; wondrye, S2; wondre, C; wundrien, S.—AS. wundrian.

Wondringe, pres. p. wandering, S2; see Wandren.

Wone, sb. dwelling, PP, S2, S3; won, S2; woon, S3; wun, S3; woanes, pl., S; wanes, S, S2. See Wonen.

Wone, sb. custom, habit, PP, S, S2; wune, S.—AS. (ge)wuna.

Wone, sb. want, loss, misery, S; see Wane.

Wone, adj. one, S3 (7. 97); see Oon.

Woned, pp. accustomed, S, S3; see I-woned.

Wonen, v. to dwell, PP, S, S2; wonien, S, S2, PP; wunien, S; wonyand, pr. p., S2; wonnand, S2; wounnand, S3. Der.: wonynge, dwelling, PP, S; woning, C, S2; wonyinge, S2; wunienge, pl., S.—AS. wunian.

Wonen, v. to weep, lament, SD; wanen, SD. Der.: wonyng, lamentation, S.—AS. wánian; cp. OHG. weinón (Tatian).

Wonge, sb. territorium, Prompt.; wong, low land, HD; wonges, pl., meadows, S.—AS. wang, a plain, field; cp. Goth. waggs, a field, paradise.

Wonge, sb. a cheek, SD, JD; wonges, pl., S2. Comb.: wange-toothe, molar tooth, molaris, Prompt.; wongtothe, Voc.; wangtooth, C2; wank-teeth, pl., W2; wangtotht, geminus, molaris, Voc.—AS. wange (wonge); cp. OHG. wanga (Tatian).

Wonger, sb. pillow, C2, CM. See above.

Wonne, adv., conj. when, S; see Whanne.

Wonne, Wonnen, pp. of Winnen.

Wonteð, pr. s. is lacking, S; see Wanten.

Wonung, sb. waning, S.—AS. wonung, wanung. See Wanen.

Wood, adj. mad, C2, C3, S3; see Wode.

Wooden, v. to be mad, to look madly, CM, C3.

Woon, sb. a small quantity, a few, a quantity, a number, S2, G, PP; wone, S2; woone, Prompt.; wane, S2, S3; won, PP; quhone, B. Comb.: good woon, abundantly, G; good won, PP.—AS. hwón (adj. used as sb.). Cf. Wheen.

Wop, sb. crying, loud lament, S, S2.—AS. wóp.

Wopen, pp. wept, C2; see Wepen.

Wopne, sb. urine, HD, Prompt. See Wepne.

Wopned, pp. armed, S; see Wapnen.

Worc, sb. work, S2; see Werk.

Worchen, v. to work, W, S2; see Werke.

Word, sb. beginning, CM (3. 224); see Ord.

Worde, sb. word, Prompt.; word, pl., S; weord, S; weordes, S; wordes, S.—AS. word; cp. OHG. wort (Tatian).

Wore, pt. pl. were, S2; see Was.

Woreld, sb. world, S; wordle, S2; see Werld.

Worie, adj. turbid, dirty, S; wori, S.—From AS. wór, a swampy place, perhaps identical with wós, mire, see SkD (s.v. weary). Cf. Wose.

Worm, sb. reptile, worm, snake, S, S2, C3; wurm, S; werm, S; wirm, insect, S.—AS. wyrm: OHG. wurm (Tatian); cp. Goth. waurms; see Douse, p. 56.

Wormod, sb. wormwood, W; see Wermod.

Worne, pp. spent, past, lit. worn, S3; see Werien.

Worowen, v. to choke, strangle, worry, Prompt., Cath., S2, SkD; worry, HD; wyrry, S3; wirry, SkD.—AS. wyrgan, to strangle, worry (in compounds): OHG. wurgan. Cf. Warh.

Worpare, sb. thrower, S.

Worpen, v. to throw, S; see Warpen.

Worre, sb. war, S2; see Werre.

Worri, v. to make war, S2; see Werrien.

Worschipen, v. to honour, S2; worshepen, PP; wurschepen, S2. See Worth.

Wort, sb. a plant, vegetable; wortes, pl., S2, S3, C; wortis, S2, S3, W, W2.—AS. wyrt: OS. wurt; cp. Goth. waurts, root, and Lat. rādix; see Brugmann, § 306, and Douse, p. 56.

Worth, adj. worth, esteemed, worthy, PP; wurth, S; wurthe, S, S2. Der.: worthi, PP; wurðy, S2; worþly, worthy, PP, S2; worðely, S3; wurðliche, honourably, S; worðliche, S; wurthmint, honour, S; wurðscipe, worship, honour, S; worðssipe, S2; worschupe, S2; worsipe, S; wurschipe, S.—AS. weorð; cp. Goth. wairths.

Worth, sb. value, worth, honour, PP; wurrþe, dat., S.—AS. weorð.

Worthen, v. to become, to be, to dwell, PP, S2, S3, G; wurðen, S; weorðen, S2; worst, 2 pr. s., PP; wurstow, thou shalt be, PP; wurstu, S; worth, pr. s., S2, PP; wurð, S; wrþ, S; vorthis, S2; wurðeð, S; worthe, pt. s., PP; worth, S2, PP; worthed, S3; vorthit, S2; warð, S; wart, S; ward, S; wærd, S.—AS. weorðan, pt. s. wearð (pl. wurdon), pp. (ge)worden; cp. Goth. wairthan.

Wose, sb. ooze, slime, PP, Prompt.; woose, Cath. (n); wase, alga, Cath.—AS. wáse (SkD. s.v. ooze), and wase (OET): OHG. waso; whence OF. wason, gason (F. gazon); see Kluge (s.v. wasen).

Wot, 1 and 3 pr. s. know, knows, S, S2; wost, 2 pr. s. knowest, S, C2; see Witen (1).

Wouke, sb. week, W; see Wike.

Wound, sb. wound, PP, C2; wund, S.—AS. wund.

Wounden, v. to wound, S3; wowndyn, Prompt.; y-wounded, pp., S3; i-wundet, S.—AS. wundian.

Wout, sb. a vault, Voc., HD.—OF. voute (BH); Late Lat. uolta.

Wowe, sb. wall, paries, murus, Prompt., PP; woȝe, S; waghe, HD, H; waȝhe, S; wawe, S; wah, S. Comb.: waheles, wall-less, S; waȝherifft, veil of the temple, S.—AS. wáh; cp. ODu. waeg, see SkD (s.v. wainscot, p. 833); cp. also Goth. waddjus.

Wowe, sb. pl. wrongs, S2; see Woh.

Wowen, v. to incline any one to one’s own wishes, to woo, S2, C3, P, W2, S3; woȝe, S.—AS. wógian (SkD, s.v. woo), from wóh. See Woh.

Wower, sb. wooer, S3; wowar, S3; wouwere, PP; woweres, pl., PP.—AS. wógere (Voc.).

Wox, pt. s. grew, S2; see Wexen.

Wrablis, sb. pl. warblings, S2; see Werble.

Wraht, pt. s. of Werke.

Wrak, sb. that which is driven ashore, wreck, S2, S3, C3; rac, driven vapour, rack, S2, SkD; rack, Sh.—AS. wræc. Cf. Wreche and Wreken.

Wranne, sb. wren, S; see Wrenne.

Wrastlen, v. to wrestle, C, S2, G, PP; wraskle, PP; wrastylle, Cath.; wraxle, Voc. Der.: wrastling, wrestling, C2, G; wrastelyng, G.—AS. wrǽstlian (oftener wráxlian), from wrǽstan, to wrest, from wrǽst, firm, strong. Wrǽst is for wrǽðt, from wráð, pt. of wríðan, see Sievers, 232. See Wrythen.

Wrað, adj. wroth, S; see Wroth.

Wraðði, v. to get angry, S; see Wreððen.

Wraw, adj. perverse, angry, fierce, SD, Prompt., C3, CM, HD; wrau, SD. Cf. Wro.

Wrawid, pp. perverse, peevish, WA.

Wrawnesse, sb. fierceness, Prompt., CM.

Wrecche, sb. also as adj. wretch, miserable, S, S2, C, PP; wreche, S, S2, CM; wrecce, S. Comb.: wreccehed, wretchedness, S; wrecchede, S2.—AS. wrecca, an outcast, exile. See Wreken.

Wrecched, adj. wretched, S, PP; wriched, S. Comb.: wrecchednesse, misery, C2, C3, PP.

Wreche, sb. vengeance, misery, S, S2, C2, C3; wrache, S; wræche, S; wreke, S2; wrake, S2, PP; wrac, S2; wrick, S2. Comb.: wrakful, full of vengeance, S2.—AS. wracu, vengeance, misery, also wræc, exile, misery. See Wreken.

Wreken, v. to urge, wreak, drive, punish, avenge, S, S2, C2, C3, PP; wræken, S; wrak, pt. s., G; wreken, pp., S2, PP; wreke, G, PP; wroken, PP, WA; wroke, PP, HD; i-wroken, G.—AS. wrecan, pt. wræc (pl. wrǽcon), pp. wrecen; cp. Goth. wrikan, to persecute.

Wreker, sb. avenger, S2.

Wrenche, sb. a twist, trick, deceit, S, S2, S3, C3; wrink, S3; wrenkis, pl., WA.—AS. wrenc (wrence).

Wrenchen, v. to turn, twist, S. Der.: wrinching, wrenching, struggling, S3.—AS. wrencan.

Wrengðe, sb. distortion, S. See Wringen.

Wrenne, sb. wren, Voc.; wranne, S.—AS. wrenna, wrǽnna.

Wreon, v. to cover; wre, CM; wreo, pr. s. subj., S.—AS. wréon, pt. wréah (pl. wrugon), pp. wrogen, see Sievers, 383. Cf. Wrihen.

Wreten, pp. of Wryten.

Wreth, sb. wrath, S2, H; wraþþe, PP, S. Comb.: wreðful, wrathful, S, S2; wraððelees, S2.—ONorth. wrǽððo. See Wroth.

Wrethe, sb. wreath, C.—AS. wrǽð. See Wrythen.

Wreððen, v. to become angry, to make angry, S; wreaððin, S; wraððin, S, S2, G; wreðen, S, S2, H. Der.: wrath-thing, provocation, W.

Wrien, v. to twist, bend, CM, SkD (s.v. wry); wrye, S3, PP.—AS. wrigian, to drive, bend.

Wrigt (in compounds), an accusation. Comb.: wrigtful, guilty, S; wrigteles, without an accusation; wrigteleslike, causelessly, S.—Cp. AS. wróht, an accusation, from the pt. of (ge)wrégan, to accuse (cp. sécan, pt. sóhte).

Wrihels, sb. a covering, veil; wriheles, S; wriels, SD.—AS. wrígels.

Wrihen, v. to cover, S; wrie, CM; wrien, pr. pl., S.—AS. *wríhan, pt. wráh (pl. wrigon), pp. wrigen; cp. OHG. ríhan (Tatian). Cf. Wreon.

Wrikken, v. to twist to and fro, to move about, SkD (s.v. wriggle); wrickede, pt. s., S2.

Wringen, v. to wring, press, S, S2, C2; wrang, pt. s., S; wrong, S, S2, S3, C3; wronge, P; wrongen, pl., S2; wrong, pp., S.—AS. wringan, pt. wrang (pl. wrungon), pp. wrungen.

Writelinge, sb. trilling (of a nightingale), S.

Wro, sb. that which is crooked, a corner, HD; wroo, HD; wra, WA; wraa, WA; wray, WA, NQ (6. 12. 252).—Cp. Icel. rá (for vrá). See Wraw.

Wrohte, pt. s. of Werke.

Wrong, pp., adj. and sb. twisted awry, wrong, a wrong, S, PP; wrang, PP. Comb.: wrongwis, unjust, wicked, H, S; wrangwis, S2; wrangwislie, wrongly, S2; wrongwisly, PP; wrangwisnes, iniquity, S2. See Wringen.

Wroot, Wrot, pt. s. of Wryten.

Wroth, pt. s. of Wrythen.

Wroth, adj. wroth, fearful, S, C3, PP; wrað, S, S2, H; wroþer, comp., PP, HD; wrothe, adv., angrily, evilly, S, G; wroðliche, wrathfully, S2; wroðly, S2; wroðely, S2; wrathly, H. Comb.: wrothirhaile, calamity, WA. Phr.: to wraðer heale, to evil fortune, bad luck, S; to wroþer hele, PP.—AS. wráth.

Wryt, sb. writing, S; writ, S; writte, S2.—AS. (ge)writ.

Wryten, v. to write, C2; writen, S; wright, S3; wrot, pt. s., S, S2, PP; wroot, C2, C3; wrate, S, H; wroten, pl., W; writen, C2; wryten, pp., PP; writen, S, C2, C3; write, S; wryte, S2; wreten, S2; y-writen, S2; y-write, S2; i-wryten, S; i-writen, S.—AS. wrítan, pt. wrát (pl. wríton), pp. writen.

Wrythen, v. to writhe, twist, Prompt., S2; wroth, pt. s., PP; writhen, pl., W; wrythen, S; pp., PP; writhun, W; i-wriþen, S2. Der.: wrything, turning, C2.—AS. wríðan, pt. wráð (pl. wriðon), pp. wriðen.

Wu-; see also Wo-, Wou-.

Wuch, pron. which, S2; wulc, S; see Which.

Wude, sb. wood, tree, S; see Wode.

Wule, sb. while, S2; see While.

Wule, 1 pr. s. will, S; see Wille.

Wundi, adj. rid of, S; windi, S.

Wune, adj. accustomed, S.

Wunien, v. to dwell, S; see Wonen.

Wunne, sb. joy, S, S2; see Winne.

Wurne, v. to refuse; see Wernen.

Wurse, adj., adv. comp. worse, S; wurs, S, G; werse, S; wers, CM, S, H (p. 269); wærse, S; wrse, S; wurse, sb., the devil, S; worse, S.—AS. wyrs.

Wursien, v. to become worse, take hurt, S; i-wursed, pp., S.—AS. wyrsian.

Wurst, adv. superl. worst, S; wurste, adj. S; werste, S; werst, W2; warst, H (p. 269); werest, S; wrst, S. Worste (= Lat. nequissimi = Gr. τοῦ πονηροῦ, i.e. the devil), W.—AS. wyrst.

Wurðen, Wurstu, Wurð; see Worthen.

Wurðien, v. to honour, S; wurrþenn, S; wurðeð, pr. s., S; wurðeden, pt. pl., S. Der.: wurðing, honour, S.—AS. wurðian, weorðian, from weorð. See Worth.

Wuschen, v. to wish, S2, PP; wusshen, PP; wisshen, PP.—AS. wýscan, from wúsc: OHG. wunsc, a wish; see Sievers, 185.

Wute, imp. pl. know, S; see Witen (1).

Wy, adv. why, S; see Whi.

Wydder, v. to wither, S3; see Wederen.

Wye, sb. a man, PP; wy, S3, P; wyȝe, S2; weiȝh, S2; wiȝes, pl., S2; wies, S2.—AS. wíga, warrior, man. See Weye.

Wygge, sb. a small cake or bun, Prompt.; wigg, HD.

Wyghte, sb. weight, HD, PP, C3; wyhte, S; wiȝte, PP; wihte, S.—AS. (ge)wiht.

Wylem, adv. formerly, S; see Whilom.

Wyn, sb. wine, S, C; wyne, dat., S. Comb.: wyn-ape, ape-wine, vin de singe, C3; win-iærd, vineyard, S; wynȝord, S2; win-tre, vine, S.—AS. wín; Lat. uinum.

Wynd, sb. wind, S; wynt, S2.—AS. wind: Goth. winds: Lat. uentus; see Curtius, No. 587.

Wyndas, sb. windlass, Prompt., C2.—Icel. vind-áss, a pole which can be wound round.

Wyndewen, v. to winnow, W2; wyndowen, S2; windwen, S; wynewen, W. Comb.: wynwe-schete, winnowing-sheet, S3.—AS. windwian (OET). See Wynd.

Wyne-grapis, sb. pl. vine-grapes, S3 (13. 99).

Wynk, sb. sleep, nap, PP; wink, PP, S2.

Wynken, v. to wink, nod, sleep, PP, Prompt.; winke, C2; vynke, S2. Der.: wynkynge, fit of sleepiness, PP.

Wyppyl-tre, sb. the cornel-tree, CM (2. 90); whyppyltre, C.—Cp. MLG. wipel-bom, the cornel-tree (Pritzel).

Wyrle, v. to whirl, S2; see Whyrlyn.

Wys, adj. wise, PP, S2; wis, S, S2; viss, S2; wisliche, adv., S. Der.: wisdom, learning, S.—AS. wís, Goth. weis.

Wyse, sb. mode, manner, C2, S2; wise, S, S2; wis, S; wes, S; viss, S2. Comb.: ryghtwis, righteous, PP; wrongwis, PP.—AS. wíse.

Wyue, v. to take to wife, C2; wiuen, S; wyued, pp., married, PP.—AS. wífian.

Wyuere, sb. a serpent, CM.—OF. wivre, vivre (F. givre); Lat. uipera; see BH, § 150.

Wywere, sb. a fishpond, Voc.; wayowre, piscina, Prompt.—OF. vivier; Lat. uiuarium; cp. OHG. wîwâri (Tatian), G. weiher; see Kluge.

X.

X is written in some MSS. for sh. It constantly occurs in the Coventry Mysteries, as in xal, xalt, xuld, &c.; see HD.

Y.

Y, at the beginning of words, often represents an older Ȝ, under which letter Y-words may in some cases be found.

Y-, prefix; see Ȝe.

Yald, pt. s. of Ȝelden.

Yane, v. to yawn, HD, Palsg.; see Ganien.

Yare, adv. soon, S2, Sh.; see Ȝare.

Yate, sb. gate, C2, S3; see Gate.

Yawle, v. to howl, HD; see Ȝoulen.

Ychan, each one, HD; ychone, HD; see Eche.

Yche, adj. the same, S2; see Ilke.

Ydolastre, sb. idolater, C2.—Cp. OF. idolâtre (Cotg.); Church Lat. idolatra (Vulg.).

Ydolatrie, sb. idolatry, PP.—Church Lat. idolatria (Vulg.).

Ydole, sb. idol, C3; ydoles, pl., C3.—Church Lat. idōlum (Vulg.); Gr. εἴδωλον (LXX); cp. OF. idle, ydle (Roland); Late Lat. ídolum (accented as in Greek).

Ydre, sb. hydra, water-snake, WA.—OF. ydre; Lat. hydra; Gr. ὕδρα.

Ydres, sb. pl. water-pots (= Lat. hydriae), S.—Gr. ὑδρίαι; cp. OF. ydrie (Ducange).

Ye, sb. eye, Voc., HD; see Eȝe.

Yeant, sb. giant, HD; see Geaunt.

Yeddinges, pl. romances, songs, C; see Ȝeddynge.

Yede, pt. s. went, S, S2, S3, C3; see Eode, Ȝeode.

Yeer, sb. year, C2; see Ȝeer.

Yef, if, S, S2; see Ȝif.

Yefte, sb. a gift, S; see Ȝift.

Yeir, pl. years, S2; see Ȝeer.

Yelde, sb. a payment, S; see Gild.

Yelde-halle, sb. guild-hall, CM, C.

Yelden, v. to yield, pay, C2; see Ȝelden.

Yelderes, sb. pl. debtors, S2.

Yeldinges, sb. pl. payments, debts, S2.

Yelleden, pt. pl. yelled, C; see Ȝellen.

Yelpe, v. to boast, C; see Ȝelpen.

Yelwe, adj. yellow, C; see Ȝelow.

Yeman, sb. retainer, C; see Ȝoman.

Yeme, sb. an uncle, HD; see Eem.

Yemen, v. to heed, S; see Ȝemen.

Yemer, adj. sad, S; see Ȝemer.

Yemernesse, sb. sadness, S.

Yen, sb. pl. eyes, HL; see Eȝe.

Yep, adj. prompt, quick, HD; yepe, HD; see Ȝape.

Yer, conj. ere, before, S3; see Er.

Yerd, sb. an enclosure, S, C; see Ȝerd.

Yerde, sb. rod, C2; yeorde, S; see Ȝerde.

Yere, sb. ear, HD; see Ere.

Yerle, sb. earl, S3; see Erl.

Yerly, adv. early, S3; see Erly.

Yerne, adj. desirous, CM; see Ȝerne.

Yerthe, sb. earth, S3; see Erthe.

Yeste, sb. gest, tale, HD; see Geste.

Yete, conj. yet, S; yet, C3; see Ȝet.

Yeuen, v. to give, S; see Ȝiuen.

Yftles, adj. giftless, HD. See Ȝift.

Yh- is written in some MSS. for y-; see HD.

Yheden, pt. pl. went, S2; see Eode.

Yhode, went, S2; see Eode.

Ying, adj. young, S3, G, B; see Ȝong.

Yis, adv. yes, C2; see Ȝis.

Yistirday, yesterday, PP; see Ȝister-.

Yit, conj. yet, C2, C3; see Ȝet.

Y-kuenct, pp. quenched, S2; see Quenchen.

Ylaste, pt. s. of Ȝe-lesten.

Y-leuen, v. to believe, S2.—AS. ge-lýfan. See Leuen.

Y-liche, adv. alike, C2; see Iliche.

Ylk-oon, each one, HD; see Eche.

Ylonde, sb. island, S2; ilond, SkD.—AS. íg-land; íg, watery land, island, from OTeut. stem *auja, see Sievers, 99.

Y-mone, sb. company, S.—AS. ge-mána, ‘societas’ (Voc.).

Ympe, sb. a graft, scion, offspring, HD, PP, H; impe, Prompt., ND; imp, S3, TG.—AS. impe (BT); Low Lat. impotus, a graft; Gr. ἔμφυτος engrafted; cp. F. ente.

Ympen, v. to graft, PP; ympyd, pp., H, Prompt. Der.: ympynge, graft, scion, H; impynge, Prompt.

Ympne, sb. hymn, CM, HD.—OF. ymne; Church Lat. hymnum (Vulg.); Gr. ὕμνος see Brugmann, § 131. See Impne.

Ynkirly, adv. particularly, B; see Enkerly.

Ynow, adj., sb., and adv. enough, S2, C2, W, PP; ye-noughe, S3; inoh, S; ynoh, S2; ynou, S2, S; ynow, S3; ynouȝ, S2; innoh, S; inow, S; inouh, S; inou, S2; inoȝe, S; inoȝh, S; ynouh, S; ynowȝ, W; innoghe, S2; ynough, C2; inough, C; onoh, S; anough, CM; ynewe, HD; anew, S3; ynewch, S3; eneuch, S3; inouwe, pl., S2.—AS. genóh; cp. OHG. gi-nuht, abundance (Tatian).

Ynwyt, sb. understanding, conscience, HD; see Inwyt.

Yod, pt. s. went, S2; see Eode, Ȝeode.

Yolden, pp. of Ȝelden.

Yolle, v. to yell, C; see Ȝellen.

Yollyng, sb. yelling, clamour, C; see Ȝellen.

Yond, adv. yonder, S2, C2; see Ȝond.

Yonge, adj. young, S, C2; see Ȝong.

Yonghede, sb. youth, S; see Ȝonghede.

Yore, adv. formerly, S2, S3, C2; see Ȝore.

Yornyng, sb. desire, S3; see Ȝerning.

Youngth, sb. youth, S3; see Ȝongth.

Youngthly, adj. youthful, S3. See Ȝongthe.

Youthe, sb. youth, C2; yowthe, S2; see Ȝouthe.

Yow, pron. pl. acc. and dat. you, S, C2; see Ȝou.

Yow, sb. ewe, CM.—AS. eowu: Goth. awi; see Sievers, 106.

Yoye, v. to joy, HD; see Ioien.

Ypocrysie, sb. hypocrisy, PP; ypocrisye, C3.—AF. ipocrisie.

Ypocryte, sb. hypocrite, C2.—OF. ypocrite; Lat. hypocrita (Vulg.); Gr. ὑποκριτής.

Y-rayled, pp. covered, S3. See Reȝel.

Yre, sb. anger, H; iris, pl., W2.—Lat. ira.

Yreyne, sb. spider, W2; see Aranye.

Yrk, v. to make tired, to become tired, H: irkyn, fastidior, Prompt.; erke, SD; irkyt, 1 pt. s., S3; irked, pt. s., SD.—Swed. yrka; cp. Lat. urgere.

Yrk, adj. oppressed, tired, S3; irke, SkD. Comb.: irkesum, fastidiosus, Prompt.; irkesumnesse, fastidium, Prompt.

Yrous, adj. angry, H.

Ysche, v. to issue, to go forth, B; see Ische.

Yse, sb. ice, CM, H (Ps. 148. 8); iys, W2; ijs, S3; yse, dat., S2.—AS. ís.

Ysels, sb. pl. ashes, HD.—AS. ysle (Grein); see Curtius, No. 610. See Isle.

Ysope, sb. hyssop, W2, Voc.; ysoop, HD; ysoppe, Voc.—OF. ysoppe (Ps. 50. 7); Lat. hyssopum (Vulg.); Gr. ὕσσωπος.

Ysue, sb. issue, P; issue, PP.—AF. issue, pp. f. of issir; Lat. ex-ire. See Ische.

Ythen, adj. busy, B; ythand, B.—Icel. iðinn.

Yþez, sb. pl. waves, S2, HD; ythes, WA; see Uthe.

Y-tiȝt, pp. made tight, S3; see Thyhtyn.

Yugement, sb. judgment, HD; see Iugement.

Yuel, adj. and sb. evil, S, S2, W, W2, C3; uuel, S2, S; iuel, S, W2, S2; euel, S, W2, S2; eueyl, S2; ufel, S; yuels, pl., S2; the yuele (= malignus, i.e. the devil), W.—AS. yfel: OS. ubil (Tatian).

Yuele, adv. evilly, W; uuele, S2; euele, S.

Yuer, sb. ivory, W, W2; yuor, HD; yuour, HD; see Euour.

Yuory, sb. ivory, Prompt.; see Euorye.

Yȝe, sb. eye, HD; see Eȝe.

Ȝ (pronounced as y).

Ȝa, adv. yea, S, PP, S2, H; see Ȝea.

Ȝæn, prep. against, in comparison with, S; see Ȝeyn.

Ȝaf, pt. s. of Ȝiuen.

Ȝal, pt. s. yelled, S2; see Ȝellen.

Ȝape, adj. vigorous, strong, keen, bold, WA.—AS. geap, astute, bold (BT).

Ȝare, adv. formerly, S; see Ȝore.

Ȝare, adj. ready, S, S2, G; yare, HD; ȝaru, S; ȝarowe, S; ȝare, adv., soon, S, G; yare, S2, Sh.—AS. gearo.

Ȝarken, v. to prepare, S, S2, WA; ȝarrkenn, S; gerken, S; giarkien, S; ȝearceon, S; ȝeirken, S; ȝarketh hym, pr. s. reflex., P; ȝæarced, pp., S; i-garcket, S; iȝarked, S; giarked, S.—AS. gearcian.

Ȝarm, sb. cry, S2.—Icel. jarmr, a crying.

Ȝarme, v. to scream, yell, bellow, WA, HD.

Ȝarowe, sb. milfoil, millefolium, herb for nose-bleeding, Prompt.; yarowe, Palsg., Manip.; ȝarow, Voc.; ȝarrow, S3.—AS. gearwe (Voc.): OHG. garawa, garwa.

Ȝarowe, adj. ready, S; ȝaru, S; see Ȝare.

Ȝate, sb. gate, S2, G, H, WA; yat, HD; see Gate.

Ȝe-, a prefix before verbs and substantives.—AS. ge-. [In ME. the equivalents of ge-, viz. Ȝe-, I-, Y-, Hi-, A-, E-, are often found prefixed to past participles. For words beginning with this particle see in many cases the uncompounded form.]

Ȝe, pron. ye, S, S2, PP; ye, C2; ge, S; yhe, S2; ȝeo, S; ȝie, S.—AS. ge. See also Ȝou, Ȝoure.

Ȝea, adv. yea, PP: ȝa, S, S2, PP, H; ȝe, S, S2, PP, G; ȝhe, W; ye, S2, PP, C2; ȝie, S; ȝha, S2; ȝo, S2.—AS. géa; cp. Goth. já, Icel. já.

Ȝe-arnen, v. to earn, S.—AS. ge-earnian. See Ernen.

Ȝeat, pt. s. poured, S; see Ȝeten.

Ȝe-bugon, pt. pl. were obedient, S.—AS. ge-bugon, from ge-búgan. See Bowen.

Ȝe-cende, adj. natural, S; i-cundur, comp., S.—AS. ge-cynde. See Kynde.

Ȝe-ceosen, v. to choose, MD; ȝe-cas, pt. s., S.—AS. ge-céosan.

Ȝed, sb. a word; ȝeddes, pl., MD.—AS. gied, gid, gyd, song, poem, saying.

Ȝeddien, v. to speak, MD; ȝedde, to sing, S2.—AS. geddian, giddian, to sing, to speak.

Ȝeddynge, sb. a gest or romance, Prompt.; ȝeddyngis, pl., HD; yeddynges, songs, C. See above.

Ȝede, pt. s. went, S, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝedire, adj. vehement, WA; ȝederly, adv. quickly, S2, HD.—Cp. AS. ædre, (edre), quickly, at once: OS. adro, quick.

Ȝeer, sb. year, S3; ȝer, S, S2; gær, S; yeer, C2; ȝere, PP, S2; yere, S2, C2; yeire, S2; ȝer, pl., PP, S, S2, S3; yer, S; yeer, C2; ger, S; ȝeir, S3; yeir, S2; ȝere, PP; yere, S2; yhere, S2; ȝeres, S, PP; geres, S.—AS. gér, géar: OS. jer, jar; cp. Gr. ὥρα; see Brugmann, § 118.

Ȝeerli, adv. yearly, S3.

Ȝef, conj. if, S, S2; see Ȝif.

Ȝe-fered, sb. company, societas, S; i-ferred, MD; ifereden, MD.—AS. ge-férrǽden, companionship.

Ȝeft, sb. gift, S; see Ȝift.

Ȝe-fo, sb. foe, MD; ifo, MD; y-uo, MD; ivo, S; ȝefo, pl., S; ifo, MD.—AS. ge-fá. See Foo.

Ȝe-geng, sb. company, S.—AS. gegang.

Ȝeid, pt. s. went, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝeien, v. to cry out, S, MD; ȝeide, pt. s., MD.—Icel. geyja, to bark (a strong vb.).

Ȝeir, pl. years, S3; see Ȝeer.

Ȝe-laðien, v. to invite, S.—AS. ge-laðian.

Ȝe-laðiere, sb. inviter, S.

Ȝeld, sb. payment; yelde, S; ȝielde, S; gildes, pl., S; gæildes, S.—AS. gild.

Ȝelden, v. to pay, yield, S, PP, S2, G, W; yelden, C2; ȝulde, PP; yhelde, S2; yheld, S2; ȝelt, pr. s., PP; ȝilt, PP; ȝald, pt. s., PP, S2, S3; yald, PP, S2; yalt, HD; ȝelde, PP, S2; ȝelte, PP; ȝelt, PP; geld, S; ȝeldide, W; yolden, pp., C; ȝoldun, W; ȝolde, W; iȝolde, S, S2.—AS. geldan, pt. geald (pl. guldon), pp. golden: cp. Goth. gildan.

Ȝeldingus, sb. pl. payments, debts, S3.

Ȝe-lesten, v. to fulfil, to perform, to continue, last, extend, S; i-leste, S; i-lest, pr. s., S; i-lested, S; gelest, pt. s., S; y-laste, S2; i-laste, S, S2.—AS. ge-lǽstan.

Ȝe-limpen, v. to happen, MD; ȝelamp, pt. s., S; ilomp, S.—AS. ge-limpan. See Limpen.

Ȝelke, sb. yolk of an egg, Prompt.

Ȝellen, v. to yell, MD; yolle, C; ȝolle, S; ȝellynge, pr. p., howling, W; ȝal, pt. s., MD, S2; ȝulle, pl., MD; ȝelliden, MD; yelleden, C.—AS. gellan (giellan), pt. geall (pl. gullon), pp. gollen.

Ȝellynge, sb. yelling, MD; yollyng, C; ȝollinge, S.

Ȝelow, adj. yellow, MD; ȝeoluwe, S; ȝeolewe, S; ȝeluwe, S; ȝolewe, S; yelwe, C; yalu, HD.—AS. geolw- stem of geolu (geolo); see Sievers, 300; cp. G. gelb.

Ȝelpe, sb. boasting, S.

Ȝelpen, v. to boast, S; yelpe, C; yalp, pt. s., MD; yelp, MD.—AS. gilpan (gielpan), pt. gealp (pl. gulpon), pp. golpen.

Ȝelpynge, sb. boasting, Prompt.

Ȝeman, sb. youth, servant, MD; see Ȝoman.

Ȝemanry, sb. yeomanry, B.

Ȝeme, sb. care, S, S2, G; yeme, HD; geme, S.—AS. géme (in compounds), gýme.

Ȝeme-leas, adj. careless, S: ȝemeles, S.—AS. gémeléas.

Ȝemeleaste, sb. carelessness, S; ȝemeleste, S; ȝemeles, S.—AS. gémelést, gýmeléast.

Ȝemen, v. to care for, to heed, S, HD, S2, S3; yemen, S, G; yem, S2; ȝiemeð, pr. s., S; yhemes, pl., S2; ȝemed, pt. s., S2; ȝemedd, pp., S; ȝemmde, pl., S.—AS. géman, (gýman); cp. Icel. geyma, mutated form from Icel. gaumr, heed, attention; see Sievers, 21. See Gome.

Ȝemer, adj. sad, MD; yemer, S; ȝeomer, S; ȝomere, adv., S.—AS. géomer.

Ȝe-meten, v. to meet, S; i-meten, to find, S: y-mete, S; ȝe-met, pr. s., S; i-metten, pt. pl., S; y-mette, pp., C2, PP.—AS. ge-métan, pt. s. gemétte. See Meten.

Ȝemsall, sb. keeping, B. See Ȝemen.

Ȝene, v. to reply, S; see Geȝnen.

Ȝeode, pt. s. went, S, PP; ȝede, PP, S, S2; ȝeid, S2, S3; ȝude, S2; yede, S, S2, S3, C3; yhode, S2; yod, S2; yheden, pl., S2 (s.v. forth-).—AS. ge-éode. See Eode.

Ȝeolewe, adj. yellow, S; see Ȝelow.

Ȝeomer, adj. sad, S; see Ȝemer.

Ȝeorne, adv. eagerly, S, S2; see Ȝerne.

Ȝeornen, v. to yearn, desire, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝeoten, v. to pour, S; see Ȝeten.

Ȝep, adj. prompt, HD; see Ȝape.

Ȝer, sb. year, S, S2; see Ȝeer.

Ȝerd, sb. an enclosure, court, field, garden, W; yerd, S, C; ȝerde, G; ȝard, S3.—AS. geard: Goth. gards, house; cp. Lat. hortus; see Douse, p. 73. See Garth.

Ȝerde, sb. rod, stick, yard, staff, Prompt., W, S, S2, P; yerde, C2; yeorde, S; ȝerd, S2; ȝerdis, pl., W; ȝerden, dat. pl., S.—OMerc. gerd (VP): Goth. gazds; cp. Lat. hasta; see Douse, p. 73.

Ȝe-redie, adj. ready, S; iredy, S2; ireadi, adv., S. See Redi.

Ȝerne, v. to run, S.—AS. ge-ærnan. See Rennen.

Ȝerne, adv. eagerly, S, S2, S3, PP; yerne, C3; ȝeorne, S, S2; ȝorne, HD; ȝierne, S; ȝern, S2.—AS. georne.

Ȝernen, v. to yearn, S, S2, PP; ȝeornen, S, S2; ȝirnen, S; ȝarnand, pr. p., S2; ȝirnde, pt. s., S; ȝornde, S; ȝyrnden, pl., S2; i-ȝirnd, pp., S; yȝyrned, S2.—AS. geornan, also gyrnan; see Sievers, 79.

Ȝernful, adj. desirous, MD: ȝeornful, S.

Ȝerning, sb. desire, MD; yornyng, S3; yherninges, pl., S2.—AS. geornung.

Ȝernliche, adv. diligently, MD; ȝeornliche, S.—AS. geornlice.

Ȝerre, sb. outcry, loud lament, WA.—Cp. AS. georran, to make a noise.

Ȝe-sceaft, sb. creature; ȝesceafte, dat., S.—AS. ge-sceaft. Cf. Schaft.

Ȝe-sceapen, v. to create, MD; ȝescop, pt. s., S; ȝesceop, S; ȝescepe, pp., S.

Ȝe-sceod, sb. distinction, difference, discrimination, reason, S; ȝescod, S.—AS. ge-scéad, ge-scád. See Scheden.

Ȝescung, sb. covetousness, S; see Ȝiscunge.

Ȝe-secðe, sb. sight, S; see I-sihðe.

Ȝet, conj. yet, S, S2; giet, S; gæt, S; ȝiet, S; yete, S; ȝeiet, S; ȝut, S, S2, P; ȝete, S; ȝette, S; ȝute, S, S2; yhit, S2; ȝit, W; ȝhit, S3; yit, C2, C3; yet, C3; ȝyt, S2; get, S.—AS. get.

Ȝeten, v. to pour, MD; ȝeoten, MD, S; ȝett, WA, Cath.; ȝeat, pt. s., S; ȝet, S; ȝoten, pp., PP; ȝotun, molten, W2; ȝeten, PP.—AS. géotan, pt. géat (pl. guton), pp. goten: Goth. giutan; cp. Lat. fundo (for fu-d-no); see Douse, p. 112.

Ȝeten, v. to say yea, to grant, S; ȝaten, MD; ȝettien, S, MD; ȝettede, pt. s., S; ȝetede, S; ȝette, S; i-ȝette, S; gatte, S, MD; gat, MD; gatten, pl., S; gett, pp., S2.—AS. géatan, pt. s. géatte (pl. géatton); cp. Icel. játa, to say yea, confess, grant, see Fick, 7. 243. See Ȝea.

Ȝett, sb. gate, S3; ȝet, B; see Gate.

Ȝeu, Ȝew, pron. you, S; see Ȝou.

Ȝe-wealden, v. to control, MD; ȝe-wold, pt. subj. pl., S.—AS. ge-wealdan. See Welden.

Ȝe-wer, adv. everywhere, S.—AS. ge-hwǽr.

Ȝe-winne, v. to contend, S.—AS. ge-winnan.

Ȝeyn, prep. and prefix, against, in comparison with; ȝæn, S.—AS. gegn; cp. Icel. gegn.

Ȝeynbowght, pt. s. redeemed, HD; see Biggen.

Ȝeyncome, sb. return, HD.

Ȝeynsey, v. to gainsay; ȝeinseye, SkD.

Ȝha, adv. yea, S3: ȝhe, W; see Ȝea.

Ȝhis, adv. yes, W; see Ȝis.

Ȝicchen, v. to itch, MD; ȝitchinge, pr. p., W.—AS. giccan, also gyccan (see OET): OHG. juochen: OTeut. *jukkjan.

Ȝielde, sb. a payment, S; see Ȝeld.

Ȝierne, adv. eagerly, S; see Ȝerne.

Ȝiet, conj. yet, S; see Ȝet.

Ȝif, conj. if, S, S2, G, H; ȝiff, S; ȝyf, S2; yif, S; gif, S2; yf, S; gief, S; ȝief, S; gef, S; ȝef, S, S2; yef, S, S2; ef, S, C2; geue, S3; gife, S3, H.—AS. gif = ge + if (cp. Icel. ef, and OIcel. if, if): Goth. jabai; see Brugmann, § 123.

Ȝife, sb. gift, grace, S; giue, S; gyue, S; gife, S; ȝieue, S; gief, S.—AS. gifu.

Ȝift, sb. gift, PP; ȝyft, S2; yefte, S; yifte, C3; ȝiftes, pl., PP; ȝeftes, S; yeftes, S; ȝiftus, S2; yiftes, C3.—Icel. gipt.

Ȝimmes, sb. pl. gems, jewels, S; ȝymmes, WA.—AS. gim; Lat. gemma; see Sievers, 69. See Gemme.

Ȝim-stones, sb. pl. jewels, S.—AS. gim-stán.

Ȝing, adj. young, S3, G; see Ȝong.

Ȝirnan, v. to desire, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝis, adv. yes, MD; ȝys, Prompt.; yis, C2; ȝus, PP, S2; ȝhis, W.—AS. gese for géa + the particle -se, -si (for Goth. sai, OHG. sé, behold); see Sievers, 338.

Ȝiscare, sb. covetous person, S; ȝitsere, MD; ȝietceres, pl., S.—AS. gítsere.

Ȝiscen, v. to covet, desire, MD.—AS. gítsian, gídsian; cp. Goth. gaidw, want; see Sievers, 198, 205.

Ȝiscunge, sb. covetousness, S; ȝescung, S; ȝitsunge, MD.—AS. gítsung.

Ȝister-, adj. yester-, MD.—AS. geostra, gystra: Goth. gistra.

Ȝister-dai, yesterday, W2; yistirday, PP.

Ȝister-evin, yester-eve, S3.

Ȝit, conj. yet, W; see Ȝet.

Ȝiu, you, S; see Ȝou.

Ȝiuen, v. to give, S, S2, PP; ȝifenn, S; ȝyue, W, S2; gyuen, S; geuen, S; ȝeuen, S, S2, S3; ȝefen, S; yiuen, C2; yeuen, S; ȝeouen, S; ȝieuen, S; ȝefue, S; ȝiefe, S; ȝief, S; geyff, S3; yef, imp. s., S; yif, S, S2; gif, S2; ȝeueþ, pl., S2; gifð, pr. s., S; yeft, S; yefþ, S2; gaf, pt. s., S, S2; ȝaf, S, S2, G; ȝæf, S; ȝifuen, pl., S; yaf, S, C2; iaf, S; ȝiaf, S; gef, S; ȝef, S, S2; gaiff, S3; yafe, S3; ȝaue, S2; ȝeue, pl., S2; ȝauen, W; iafen, S; iauen, S; geuen, pp., S; gyuen, S; ȝiuen, S; yiuen, C2; iiuen, S; iȝiue, S; yeuen, S2, C2; y-ȝeue, S2, G; ȝouen, S2; ȝouun, S2, W; iȝiue, S, S2.—AS. gifan, pt. geaf (pl. géafon), pp. gifen; see Sievers, 391.

Ȝiuer, adj. greedy, MD; ȝiure, S.—AS. gífre; cp. G. geifer, drivel.

Ȝoill-evyn, sb. Yule-even, Christmas eve, B. See Ȝole.

Ȝok, sb. yoke, W, W2; ȝockis, pl., W, W2.—AS. geoc: Goth. juk; cp. Lat. iŭgum, Gr. ζυγόν; see Brugmann, § 133.

Ȝolde, pp. paid, W; see Ȝelden.

Ȝole, sb. Yule, Christmas, HD, SkD.—AS. géola; cp. Goth. jiuleis, Grimm, p. 702; see Sievers, 220.

Ȝoman, sb. a youth, MD, Cath.; ȝeman, MD; yeman, servant, retainer, C; ȝemen, pl., HD, PP; ȝoumen, PP.

Ȝomere, adv. sadly, S; see Ȝemer.

Ȝomerly, adj. sad, S2.—AS. géomorlic.

Ȝon, adj. yon, MD, PP; ȝone, PP, S2.—AS. geon, (SkD); cp. Goth. jains; see Sievers, 338, and Brugmann, § 123.

Ȝond, prep. through, MD; ȝeond, S; ȝont, S; ȝeon, S.

Ȝond, adv. yonder, there, MD, S3; yond, S2, C2; ȝonde, PP.

Ȝonde, used as adj. yon, PP; yond, S2, S3, Sh.—AS. geond, through, also yonder.

Ȝonder, adv. yonder, G; used as adj., PP.

Ȝong, adj. young, S, S2, S3, W, PP; ȝung, S; ȝonge, G; yonge, S, C2; yunge, S; ȝyng, S3; gunge, S; iunge, S; yhung, S2; ying, S3, G; ȝing, S3, G; yonger, comp., S; ȝeunger, S; ȝungre, S; gungest, superl., S; gunkeste, S; ȝongost, S2; ȝongest, G.—AS. geong: Goth. juggs (for jungs); cp. Lat. iuuencus; see Kluge (s.v. jugend).

Ȝonghede, sb. youth, MD; yonghede, S, CM; ȝunghede, MD.

Ȝonglyng, sb. young man, disciple, MD, W; iunglenges, pl., S.

Ȝongthe, sb. youth, W; ȝungthe, HD, Prompt.; youngth, S3.

Ȝop, adj. bold, HD; see Ȝape.

Ȝore, adv. formerly, S2, G; yore, S2, S3, C2: ȝare, S.—AS. geára, for géara, gen. pl. of géar. See Ȝeer.

Ȝorle, sb. earl, HD; see Erl.

Ȝornde, pt. s. yearned, S; see Ȝernen.

Ȝoskinge, sb. sobbing, WA; ȝyxynge, Prompt.—Cp. AS. giscian (BT).

Ȝotun, pp. molten, W2; see Ȝeten.

Ȝou, pron. pl. acc. and dat. you, S, S2, W, PP; ȝow, S2, G, PP; yow, S, C2; ȝew, S; ȝeu, S; ȝuw, S; ȝiu, S; giu, S; gu, S; ow, S, S2; ou, S, S2; eu, S; eou, S; eow, S.—AS. éow. See also Ȝe.

Ȝoulen, v. to howl, cry, MD; goulen, S, S2; ȝaulen, MD; yawle, HD; gowland, pr. p., S3.—Icel. gaula.

Ȝoure, pron. pl. gen. of you (also poss. pron., your), S; eouwer, S; æoure, S; ȝure, S; ȝiure, S; ȝowre, PP; eure, S; gur, S; ȝeur, S; ower, S; oure, S2; our, S; ore, S2; or, S2; youres, C2.—AS. éowre, gen. of éow, you. See Ȝe.

Ȝou-selue, yourselves, S; ȝou-silf, W; ȝow-seluen, PP; ȝow-self, PP; ow-seolf, S; ow-seoluen, S; ou-suluen, S.

Ȝouthe, sb. youth, PP, S2; youthe, C2; ȝowthe, PP; yowthe, S2; yhouthe, S2; yhowthe, S2; ȝieuð, S; ȝuheðe, S; ȝuȝeðe, S.—AS. geoguð, guguð, iuguð; see Sievers, 74.

Ȝouthede, sb. youth, MD; youthede, MD; guðhede, S.—AS. geoguðhád.

Ȝouen, pp. of Ȝiuen.

Ȝowle, sb. Yule, HD; see Ȝole.

Ȝoȝelinge, sb. guggling noise, S.

Ȝude, pt. s. went, S2; see Ȝeode.

Ȝuheðe, sb. youth, S; see Ȝouthe.

Ȝus, adv. yes, S2; see Ȝis.

Ȝut, conj. yet, S, S2, P; see Ȝet.

Ȝyng, adj. young, S3; see Ȝong.

The subdivision of T, U/V, and W, and the format of their headers, is as in the original. Note that Th includes Þ.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

This section is included for completeness. All changes have been made in the text. Corrections are marked with mouse-hover popups, while additions are shown as outlined paragraphs.

A, prep. of, S2, S3, PP; see Of.

A, adv. ever, S; aa, S; a buten, ever without, S; see O.

Accompt, sb. account, S3; see Acounte.

Accompted, pp. accounted, S3; see Acounte.

Ace, sb. a jot, S3; see As.

Addledd, pp. earned, S; see Adlen.

Æn, num. and indef. art. one, S; ænne, S; see Oon.

Æness, adv. once, S; see Oones.

Afingret, pp. an-hungered, NED, HD; see Of-hungred.

Afyrst, pp. athirst, PP; afurst, PP; afrust, PP; see Of-þurst.

Agreþed, pp. made ready, S2; see A-graythen.

Ah, pr. s. owes (as a duty), S; ahen, pr. pl., are obliged, S; see Owen.

Aht, sb. aught, anything; ahte, S; ahct, S; see Ought.

Ak, sb. oak, Voc.; akis, pl., S3; see Ook.

Akennet, pp. born, S; see A-cennen.

Almain. For almain-lean read almain-leap.

Anaunter, for an aunter, a chance, S2; see Auenture.

Ande, sb. breath, H; see Onde.

Anfald, adj. single, simple, S, HD; see Oone-fold.

Anhed, sb. unity, H; see Oonhed.

Anleth. For v. read sb.

Anwalde, sb. dat. power, S; anwolde, S; see On-wald.

Are, sb. oar, MD; see Ore.

Athamaunte, sb. adamant, C; see Adamant.

Atteir, sb. attire, S3; see Atyre.

Aual, imp. s. fell, cause to fall, S; see A-fallen.

Auhte, pt. s. ought, S; aucte, owned, S; see Owen.

Auote, adv. on foot, S2; see A-fote.

Autorite, sb. authority, C; see Auctoritee.

Autour, sb. author, S3; see Auctour.

Aw-; see Au-.

Aynd, sb. breath, B; see Onde.

Aynding, sb. smelling, B; see Onding.

Ayr, sb. oar, B; see Ore.

Belde, adj. big, blustering, S; see Bold.

Belt, pp. built, S3; see Bilden.

Beode, v. to pray, S; see Bidden.

Bersten, v. to burst, S, C; see Bresten.

Betaken, v. to betoken, S2; see Bi-toknen.

Bi-healde, v. to behold; bihalden, S2; see Bi-holden.

Bilæde, pt. s. enclosed, S; see Bi-leggen.

Bilæuen, v. to remain, S; see Bi-leuen.

Billet, sb. a piece of firewood; byllets, pl., S3 (26. 785).

Binam, Binom; pt. s. of Bi-nimen.

Bi-soȝte, pt. s. of Bi-sechen.

Bituhhe, prep. between, S; see Bi-twiȝe.

Blane (for blan), pt. s. of Bi-linnen.

Blynke. For sie read see.

Bod, pt. s. waited, S2; bode, waited for, S2; see Biden.

Bounden, pp. bound, S, C2; see Binden.

Breas, sb. brass, S; see Bras.

Breggid, pt. s. shortened, W; see Abregge.

Bulde, pt. s. built, C; see Bilden.

Bye, v. to buy, S2; by, C3; see Biggen.

Camel. The regular OF. equivalent for Lat. camēlum was chameil. In OF. camel the termination -el is due to analogy with French forms derived from -ālem. See BH, § 43.

Canoun. Church Lat. canonicus did not mean originally ‘one on the church-roll or list,’ but one who was bound to observe a certain rule of life (canon, κανών). OF. chanoine is not the precise equivalent of canonicum, but represents a Latin type *canonium. See Scheler’s Dict. (ed. 3).

Cherche, sb. church, S2, C3; see Chirche.

Clomben, pp. climbed, C; see Climben.

Daw, sb. day, S2; see Day.

Deburs, v. disburse, pay, S3; see Disburse.

Dedeyn, sb. disdain, W, H; see Disdeyn.

Degyset, pp. disguised, S2; see Disgysen.

Deserited. For Desheriten, read Disheriten.

Dide, pt. s. did, caused, put, S; see Don.

Dilitable, adj. delightful, S2; see Delitable.

Diuise, v. to tell of, describe, S2; see Deuisen.

Druiȝest, 2 pr. s. art dry, S2; see Drye.

Dunt, sb. blow, S, S2; see Dent.

Effnenn, v. to make equal or even, S; see Euenen.

Ernes. A derivation of this word from the French has not been proved.—OF. ernes does not exist.

Falten. The form falt should be taken away from this article and placed under Folden. The words falt mi tunge mean ‘my tongue gives way.’ For the various meanings of this verb folden, see MD (ii. 68). This correction is due to the kindness of Prof. Napier.

For-swinken, v. to exhaust with toil; forswonke, pp., S3 (p. 364, l. 24).

Frayd, pp. frightened, S3; fraid, scared, S3; see Afrayen.

Habide, v. to abide, resist, S2; see A-biden.

Hagt. Dr. F. Holthausen suggests that this word means ‘danger, peril,’ comparing this ME. hagt with Icel. hætta which has the same meaning. Kluge connects this hætta with Gothic hāhan, to hang, so that it may mean radically ‘a state of being in suspense.’ The word must have come into England in the form *haht, before the assimilation of ht to tt.

Hal, adj. all, S2; see Al.

Ham, 1 pr. s. am, S; see Am.

Haxede, pt. s. asked, S; see Asken.

Here, adv. before, S; see Er.

Heremyte, sb. hermit, S2; heremites, pl., P; see Ermite.

Hulpen. (To be placed more to the right.)

Ich, adj. each, S, S2; see Eche.

Ieden, pt. pl. went, S; see Eode.

Joutes. For jutā read jūta. For other cognates of this wide-spread word, see Kluge (s.v. jauche). See also s.v. käse, where Kluge remarks that Icel. ostr, cheese, and Finnish juusto, cheese, are etymologically connected with G. jauche, and Latin jus.

Kepen. AS. cépan, to keep, should be kept quite distinct from AS. cýpan, to sell. AS. cýpan is the phonetic representative of OTeut. kaupjan, whereas cépan, to keep, represents an OTeut. *kōpjan. Cp. E. keen, the representative of AS. céne, OTeut. *kōni (G. kühn). See Kluge’s note in P. & B. Beiträge, viii. 538.

Mo. Add ) at the end.

Note, sb. nut. A better explanation of not-heed is ‘with the hair of the head closely cut.’ The verb to nott means to cut the hair close. ‘Tondre, to sheer, clip, cut, powle, nott’; Cotgrave.

Onond, prep. as regards, respecting, S; onont, S; see An-ent.

Quene. It should be noted that E. queen is not precisely the same word as E. quean. For queen is the phonetic equivalent of AS. cwén, Goth. kwēns, whereas quean represents AS. cwĕne, Goth. kwĭno.

Senged, pp. sun-burnt, S3 (p. 364, l. 29); see Sengin.

Sisour, sb. juror, PP; sysour, P; see Asisour.

Stok. Prof. Napier maintains that the stokess of the Ormulum cannot be identified with AS. stocc, as the gemination of the consonant persists in the Ormulum. He suggests that stokess means ‘places,’ comparing the use of stoke in place-names, e.g. Wude stoke in Chron. (Earle, p. 249), He also cites in illustration AS. stoc-weard, ‘oppidanus,’ see Leo, p. 206.

Sum (1). Dele ‘sumere, dat., S;’

Twichand, pres. pt. touching, regarding, S3 (13. 271).

Tyred, pp. attired, dressed, S2; see Atyren.

Urþe (written Vrþe), sb. earth, S2; see Erthe.

Whicche, a chest, trunk, box; whucche, PP; whyche, Prompt.; hoche, Prompt.—AS. hwicce; ‘Clustella, hwicce;’ Engl. Studien, xi. 65.

Wike, sb. pl. the corners of the mouth, S (4 a. 49).—Cf. Icel. munnvik, pl., the corners of the mouth; see CV (s.v. munnr). The word wikes is still in use in this sense at Whitby. See Whitby Glossary (E.D.S.).

Wone, adj. one, S3 (7. 97); see Oon.

Wyne-grapis, sb. pl. vine-grapes, S3 (13. 99).

Transcriber’s Notes:

Underlining
Errors
Alphabetization
Hyphens

Underlining in the Dictionary

All underlining was added by the transcriber. You will see the following forms:

errors noted by transcriber

errors noted by author

ambiguous hyphens (underlining intentionally faint)

Greek words (underlining should be invisible in most browsers)

text from Additions and Corrections (outlined as a block)

Errors and Inconsistencies

For errors corrected by the authors, see the Additions and Corrections section.

Typographical errors are shown in the text with mouse-hover popups. Most errors are trivial, such as missing or incorrect punctuation or misplaced italics. Variant abbreviations such as “O.H.G.” for “OHG.” have been regularized to the forms given in the Authorities and Language lists. The word “invisible” in corrections means that there is an appropriately sized blank space in the printed text.

Errors in Greek accents were silently corrected. A few minor variations were retained, including:

“hedgehog” or “hedghog”
Cf. or Cp.
(n) or (n.)
pt. pr. or pt.-pr.

Alphabetization in the Dictionary

Unless otherwise noted, words are spelled and alphabetized as originally printed. Note in particular:

The letter Æ æ is alphabetized as ae.

The letter I is alphabetized according to its phonetic value, vowel before consonant. J is not used.

Thorn Þ þ and eth ð (capital Ð does not occur) are alphabetized as th.

The letters U and V are shown with the form used in their source documents, but are alphabetized by phonetic value. A few sequences such as initial Su- do not make this distinction.

Yogh Ȝ ȝ is alphabetized after y.

Technical Note

Anchors of Dictionary headwords are in the form word_entry (lower case) with these modifications:

— æ, ð, þ, ȝ have been expanded to ae, dh, th, gh

— diacritical marks and medial hyphens have been omitted

— spaces (only in phrases) have been changed to _ lines

— duplicate headwords are identified by part of speech and, if necessary, by number: word_thanne_adv; word_on_prefix_1. If the text uses numbers, as with groups of identically spelled prefixes, the anchor will use the same number.

Hyphens At Line-End

The book’s two-column format resulted in a great many line-end hyphens. Most hyphenated words were unique, so the ordinary tests (“Is this word, or a structurally similar one, hyphenated on its other occurrences?”) could seldom be used.

Line-end hyphens in cross-references (“see”, “see also”, “cf.”) were kept or omitted based on the form of the cross-referenced headword. Note that hyphenization in this situation is very inconsistent. Except in the Additions, cross-references often omit a mid-line hyphen that is present in the referenced word, or include one that is absent.

Line-end hyphens were retained in past participles in i-, y- and equivalent, and after the prefixes out- and to-; they were omitted before common endings such as -lich, -ship, -ness, -full. They were removed after Middle English un-, but retained after Anglo-Saxon un-.

The remaining line-end hyphens were omitted unless they were in the same location (morphological boundary) as the hyphen in the headword, or if the hyphenated word was a compound. Within these two groups, final decisions were based on more fluid criteria such as internal consistency within an entry, or hyphenization of other words from the same source. Words printed with these types of ambiguous hyphens are lightly underlined in the e-text. The position of omitted hyphens is generally obvious, and has not been explicitly marked.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE ENGLISH FROM A.D. 1150 TO 1580 ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.