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Title: A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library

Author: Melvil Dewey

Release date: June 1, 2004 [eBook #12513]
Most recently updated: October 28, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Suzanne Shell, Lesley Halamek and PG Distributed Proofreaders

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CLASSIFICATION AND SUBJECT INDEX FOR CATALOGUING AND ARRANGING THE BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS OF A LIBRARY ***

DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION

CENTENNIAL 1876-1976

Facsimile reprinted
by
Forest Press Division
Lake Placid Educational Foundation

Printed and Bound Kingsport Press, Inc. KINGSPORT, TENNESSEE

A

CLASSIFICATION

AND

SUBJECT INDEX

FOR

CATALOGUING AND ARRANGING

THE

BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS

OF A

LIBRARY.

AMHERST, MASS.
1876.

COPYRIGHTED
1876
MELVIL DEWEY

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CLASSES

DIVISIONS

SUBJECT INDEX

EXPLANATIONS

SUBJECT CATALOGUE

PREFACE

The plan of the following Classification and Index was developed early in 1873. It was the result of several months' study of library economy as found in some hundreds of books and pamphlets, and in over fifty personal visits to various American libraries. In this study, the author became convinced that the usefulness of these libraries might be greatly increased without additional expenditure. Three years practical use of the system here explained, leads him to believe that it will accomplish this result; for with its aid, the catalogues, shelf lists, indexes, and cross-references essential to this increased usefulness, can be made more economically than by any other method which he has been able to find. The system was devised for cataloguing and indexing purposes, but it was found on trial to be equally valuable for numbering and arranging books and pamphlets on the shelves.

The library is first divided into nine special libraries which are called Classes. These Classes are Philosophy, Theology, &c., and are numbered with the nine digits. Thus Class 9 is the Library of History; Class 7, the Library of Fine Art; Class 2, the Library of Theology. These special libraries or Classes are then considered independently, and each one is separated again into nine special Divisions of the main subject. These Divisions are numbered from 1 to 9 as were the Classes. Thus 59 is the 9th Division (Zoology) of the 5th Class (Natural Science). A final division is then made by separating each of these Divisions into nine Sections which are numbered in the same way, with the nine digits. Thus 513 is the 3d Section (Geometry) of the 1st Division (Mathematics) of the 5th Class (Natural Science). This number, giving Class, Division, and Section, is called the Classification or Class Number, and is applied to every book or pamphlet belonging to the library. All the Geometries are thus numbered 513, all the Mineralogies 549, and so throughout the library, all the books on any given subject bear the number of that subject in the scheme. Where a 0 occurs in a class number, it has its normal zero power. Thus, a book numbered 510, is Class 5, Division 1, but no Section. This signifies that the book treats of the Division 51 (Mathematics) in general, and is not limited to any one Section, as is the Geometry, marked 513. If marked 500, it would indicate a treatise on Science in general, limited to no Division. A zero occurring in the first place would in the same way show that the book is limited to no Class. The classification is mainly made by subjects or content regardless of form; but it is found practically useful to make an additional distinction in these general treatises, according to the form of treatment adopted. Thus, in Science we have a large number of books treating of Science in general, and so having a 0 for the Division number. These books are then divided into Sections, as are those of the other Classes according to the form they have taken on. We have the Philosophy and History of Science, Scientific Compends, Dictionaries, Essays, Periodicals, Societies, Education, and Travels,--all having the common subject, NATURAL SCIENCE, but treating it in these varied forms. These form distinctions are introduced here because the number of general works is large, and the numerals allow of this division, without extra labor for the numbers from 501 to 509 would otherwise be unused. They apply only to the general treatises, which, without them, would have a class number ending with two zeros. A Dictionary of Mathematics is 510, not 503, for every book is assigned to the most specific head that will contain it, so that 503 is limited to Dictionaries or Cyclopedias of Science in general. In the same way a General Cyclopedia or Periodical treats of no one class, and so is assigned to the Class 0. These books treating of no special class, but general in their character, are divided into Cyclopedias, Periodicals, etc. No difficulty is found in following the arithmetical law and omitting the initial zero, so these numbers are printed 31, 32, etc., instead of 031, 032, etc.

The selection and arrangement of the thousand headings of the classification cannot be explained in detail for want of space. In all the work, philosophical theory and accuracy have been made to yield to practical usefulness. The impossibility of making a satisfactory classification of all knowledge as preserved in books, has been appreciated from the first, and nothing of the kind attempted. Theoretical harmony and exactness has been repeatedly sacrificed to the practical requirements of the library or to the convenience of the department in the college. As in every scheme, many minor subjects have been put under general heads to which they do not strictly belong. In some cases these headings have been printed in a distinctive type, e. g., 429 Anglo-Saxon, under ENGLISH PHILOLOGY. The rule has been to assign these subjects to the most nearly allied heads, or where it was thought they would be most useful. The only alternative was to omit them altogether. If any such omission occurs, it is unintentional and will be supplied as soon as discovered. Wherever practicable the heads have been so arranged that each subject is preceded and followed by the most nearly allied subjects and thus the greatest convenience is secured both in the catalogues and on the shelves. Theoretically, the division of every subject into just nine heads is absurd. Practically, it is desirable that the classification be as minute as possible without the use of additional figures, and the decimal principle on which our scheme hinges allows nine divisions as readily as a less number. This principle has proved wholly satisfactory in practice though it appears to destroy proper co-ordination in some places. It has seemed best in our library to use uniformly three figures in the class number. This enables us to classify certain subjects very minutely, giving, for example, an entire section to Chess. But the History of England has only one section, as our scheme is developed, and thus the two might be said to be co-ordinated. The apparent difficulty in such cases is entirely obviated by the use of a fourth figure, giving nine sub-sections to any subject of sufficient importance to warrant closer classification. In history where the classification is made wholly by countries, a fourth figure is added to give a division into periods. As the addition of each figure gives a ten-fold division, any desired degree of minuteness may be secured in the classing of special subjects. The apparent lack of co-ordination arises from the fact that only the first three figures of these more important heads are as yet printed, the fourth figure and the sub-sections being supplied on the catalogues in manuscript. Should the growth of any of these sub-sections warrant it, a fifth figure will be added, for the scheme admits of expansion without limit.

The arrangement of headings has been sometimes modified to secure a mnemonic aid in numbering and finding books without the Index. For instance, the scheme is so arranged that China has always the number 1. In Ancient History, it has the first section, 931: in Modern History, under Asia, it has 951: in Philology, the Chinese language appears as 491. After the same manner the Indian number is 2; Egyptian, 4; English, 2; German, 3; French, 4; Italian, 5; Spanish, 6; European, 4; Asian, 5; African, 6; North American, 7; South American, 8; and so for all the divisions by languages or countries. The Italian 5, for instance, will be noticed in 35, 55, 450, 755, 850, and 945. This mnemonic principle is specially prominent in Philology and Literature and their divisions, and in the form distinctions used in the first 9 sections of each class. Materials, Methods, or Theory occurring anywhere as a head, bears always the number 1. Dictionaries and Cyclopedias, 3; Essays, 4; Periodicals, 5; Associations, Institutions, and Societies, 6; Education, 7; Collections, 9. In the numerous cases where several minor heads have been grouped together under the head Other, it always bears the number 9. Wherever practicable, this principle is carried out in sub-dividing the sections. For instance, the Geology of North America, which bears the number 557 is sub-divided by adding the sections of 970 (History of North America). The Geology of Mexico then bears the number 5578: mnemonically, the first 5 is the Science number; the second 5, Geology; the 7, North America; and the 8, Mexico. Any library attendant or reader after using the scheme a short time will recognize at a glance, any catalogue or ledger entry, book or pamphlet, marked 5578 as something on the Geology of Mexico. Users of the scheme will notice this mnemonic principle in several hundred places in the classification, and will find it of great practical utility in numbering and finding books without the aid of Catalogue or Index, and in determining the character of any book simply from its call number as recorded on the book, on all its catalogue and cross reference cards, on the ledger, and in the check box.

In naming the headings, brevity has been secured in many cases at the sacrifice of exactness. It was thought more important to have short, familiar titles for the headings than that the names given should express with fullness and exactness the character of all books catalogued under them. Many subjects, apparently omitted, will be found in the Index, assigned, with allied subjects, to a heading which bears the name of the most important only. Reference to this Subject Index will decide at once any doubtful points.

In arranging books in the classification, as in filling out the scheme, practical usefulness has been esteemed the most important thing. The effort has been to put each book under the subject to the student of which it would be most useful. The content or the real subject of which a book treats, and not the form or the accidental wording of the title, determines its place. Following this rule, a Philosophy of Art is put with Art, not with Philosophy; a History of Mathematics, with Mathematics, not with History; for the philosophy and history are simply the form which these books have taken. The true content or subject is Art, and Mathematics, and to the student of these subjects they are most useful. The predominant tendency or obvious purpose of the book, usually decides its class number at once; still many books treat of two or more different subjects, and in such cases it is assigned to the place where it will be most useful, and underneath the class number are written the numbers of any other subjects on which it also treats. These Cross References are given both on the plate and the subject card as well as on the cross reference card. If a book treats of a majority of the sections of any division, it is given the Division number instead of the most important Section number with cross references.

Collected works, libraries, etc., are either kept together and assigned like individual books to the most specific head that will contain them; or assigned to the most prominent of the various subjects on which they treat with cross references from the others; or are separated and the parts classed as independent works. Translations are classed with their originals.

The Alphabetical Subject Index is designed to guide, both in numbering and in finding the books. In numbering, the most specific head that will contain the book having been determined, reference to that head in the Index will give the class number to which it should be assigned. In finding books on any given subject, reference to the Index will give the number under which they are to be sought on the shelves, in the Shelf Catalogue, or in the Subject Catalogue. The Index gives after each subject the number of the class to which it is assigned. Most names of countries, towns, animals, plants, minerals, diseases, &c, have been omitted, the aim being to furnish an Index of Subjects on which books are written, and not a Gazetteer or a Dictionary of all the nouns in the language. Such subjects will be found as special chapters or sections of books on the subjects given in the Index. The names of individual subjects of biographies will be found in the Class List of Biography. Omissions of any of the more general subjects will be supplied when brought to notice.

In arranging the books on the shelves, the absolute location by shelf and book number is wholly abandoned, the relative location by class and book number being one of the most valuable features of the plan. The class number serves also as the location number and the shelf number in common use is entirely dispensed with. Accompanying the class number is the book number, which prevents confusion of different books on the same subject. Thus the first Geometry catalogued is marked 513-1; the second 513-2, and so on to any extent, the last number showing how many books the library has on that subject. The books of each section are all together, and arranged by book numbers, and these sections are also arranged in simple numerical order throughout the library. The call number 513-11 signifies not the 11th book on shelf 513; or alcove 5, range 1, shelf 3, as in most libraries, but signifies the 11th book in subject 513 or the 11th Geometry belonging to the library. In finding the book, the printed numbers on the backs are followed, the upper being the class and the lower the book number. The class is found in its numerical order among the classes as the shelf is found in the ordinary system: the book in its numerical order in the class. The shelves are not numbered, as the increase of different departments, the opening of new rooms, and any arrangement of classes to bring the books most circulated nearest to the delivery desk, will bring different class numbers on a given shelf. New books as received are numbered and put into place, in the same way that new titles are added to the card catalogue.

The single digit occasionally prefixed to the book number, e.g. the 3 in 421-3-7 is the nearest height in decimeters of books too large to be put on the regular library shelves, which are only 2½ decimeters apart. The great mass of the library consists of 2-decimeter books, the size numbers of which are omitted. Books from 2½ to 3½ decimeters in height have 3 prefixed to the book number, and are found on the bottom shelf of each range. The larger sizes are prefixed with 4, 5, &c., and are found on the special shelves provided, in order to avoid the great waste of space otherwise occasioned by the relative location. By this use of the size numbers a close economy of space is secured.

Thus all the books on any given subject are found standing together, and no additions or changes ever separate them. Not only are all the books on the subject sought, found together, but the most nearly allied subjects precede and follow, they in turn being preceded and followed by other allied subjects as far as practicable. Readers not having access to the shelves find the short titles arranged in the same order on the Shelf Catalogue, and the full titles, imprints, cross references, notes, &c., on the Subject Catalogue. The uncatalogued pamphlets treating of any subject bear the same class number and are arranged on the shelves immediately after the books of each section.

In both the Authors' Catalogue and the Subject Index, brevity has been studied because of the economy, but more because of the much greater ease of reference to a short title catalogue. The custom of giving full titles, etc., under authors, and only references or very brief titles under subjects, has been reversed. A reader seeking a book of a known author, in the vast majority of cases, wants simply the number by which to call for it, and can find it much sooner in a brief title catalogue. In the rare cases where more is needed the class number refers instantly to all these facts on the cards. On the other hand, a reader seeking books on a known subject, needs the full title, imprint, cross-references, and notes, to enable him to choose the book best suited to his wants.

The Subject Catalogue is a full title Shelf List on cards and is for the use of the public. The Shelf List is a short title Subject Catalogue in book form, made of separate sheets laced into an Emerson binder, and is for official use. We thus have without extra labor, both full and short title Subject Catalogues and Shelf Lists. The public Authors' Catalogue is a printed volume; the official Authors' Catalogue or Index is on cards. As a result each of the public Catalogues is checked by an official Catalogue; each of the card Catalogues by a book Catalogue; each of the brief title catalogues by a full title catalogue--an advantage that will be appreciated by all librarians desiring accuracy of administration and catalogues.

The Arabic numerals can be written and found more quickly, and with less danger of confusion or mistake, than any other symbols whatever. Therefore the Roman numerals, capitals and small letters, and similar symbols usually found in systems of classification are entirely discarded and by the exclusive use of Arabic numerals in their regular order throughout the shelves, classifications, indexes, catalogues and records, there is secured the greatest accuracy, economy, and convenience. This advantage is specially prominent in comparison with systems where the name of the author or the title must be written in calling for or charging books and in making references.

Throughout the catalogues the number of a book shows not only where it is but what it is. On the library accounts the character of each person's reading is clearly indicated by the numbers charged, and the minutest statistics of circulation in any subject are made by simply counting the call slips in the check box, and recording the number against the class number in the record.

By the use of size numbers the greatest possible economy of space may be secured, for the size distinction may be made for every inch or even less if desired, and this without additional labor, as it will be seen that the size figure, when introduced, requires one less figure in the book number, and so does not increase the number of digits as would at first appear.

Parts of sets, and books on the same or allied subjects, are never separated as they are sure to be, sooner or later, in every library arranged on the common plan, unless it be frequently re-arranged and re-catalogued. The great expense of this re-cataloguing makes it impracticable except for a few very wealthy libraries. In this system the catalogue and book numbers remain unchanged through all changes of shelving, buildings, or arrangement. In addition to its own peculiar merits, this plan has all the advantages of the card catalogue principle and of the relative location, which have been used and very strongly approved by prominent libraries.

As in the card catalogue system, there is room for indefinite expansion without devices or provisions. Space is the only requisite and if the shelf room is exhausted, the floor space is equally good, except for the inconvenience of stooping.

Some prominent opponents of classed catalogues have admitted that the Subject Index, in deciding where to class a book at first, and where to look for it ever afterwards, has removed their strongest objections. Certainly it would be impossible to make an Index more cheaply or more easy of reference, it being a single alphabet, of single words, followed by single numbers.

These class numbers applied to pamphlets have proved specially satisfactory. The number is written on the upper left corner and the pamphlets are arranged either in pamphlet cases with the books on the same subject or on special shelves divided every decimeter by perpendicular sections. As each pamphlet is examined when received into the library, it is the work of a single moment to pencil on it its class number. There is no expense whatever incurred, and yet the entire pamphlet resources of the library on any subject can be produced almost instantly. The immense advantages of this plan over those in common use, both in economy and usefulness, will be appreciated by every librarian caring for a pamphlet collection. A catalogue of authors may be made on slips if desired. The pamphlets themselves are the best Subject Catalogue.

Though designed wholly for library use, the plan has proved of great service in preserving newspaper clippings in large envelopes arranged by class numbers; and more especially in taking the place of the common note-book and Index Rerum. Slips of uniform size are used with the class number of the subject written on the corner. Minute alphabetical headings are used under each class number, the slips being arranged in numerical order like the Subject Card Catalogue. Clippings and notes arranged in this way are at all times their own complete index, and have the same advantages over the common scrap and note-books that the Subject Catalogue has over the Accessions Book, in looking up the resources of the library on any given subject. Those who have tried this method are so enthusiastic in its praise that it seemed worthy of mention in this place.

The plan was adopted in the Amherst College Library in 1873, and the work of transferring the entire library to the new catalogue at once commenced. It was found entirely practicable to make the change gradually, as means allowed, without interfering in any appreciable degree with the circulation of the books. The three years trial to which it has been there subjected has more than justified the claims of its friends, and it is now printed with the more confidence on this account. It has been kept in manuscript up to this time, in order that the many minor details might be subjected to actual trial and modified where improvement was possible. The labor involved in preparing the Classification and Index has been wholly beyond the appreciation of any who have never attempted a similar task. Much valuable aid has been rendered by specialists in many departments, and nearly every member of the Faculty has given advice from time to time. Among the many to whom thanks are due, special mention should be made of Mr. C.A. Cutter, the librarian of the Boston Athenæum, and Mr. John Fiske, of the Harvard University library, for valuable suggestions and appreciative criticism. While these friends are in no way responsible for any remaining imperfections in the scheme, they should have credit for many improvements which have been made during these three years of revision. The essential character of the plan has remained unchanged from the first. Doubtless other improvements are still possible, and it is hoped that users of the scheme will call attention to any proposed change in the naming or arrangement of the headings, or to any omission which should be supplied in the Subject Index.

Before printing, the plan was submitted to quite a number of librarians for criticism. Among the hundreds of points raised as to its practical workings and usefulness there was only one in which it was not shown to be equal or superior to any other system known. This objection applied only to the arrangement on the shelves; not at all to the catalogues or indexes. It was, that in this relative location, a book which this year stands, e.g., at the end of a certain shelf; may not be on that shelf at all another year, because of the uneven growth of the parts of the library. This slight objection inheres in any system where the books are arranged by subjects rather than by windows, doors, shelves, and similar non-intellectual distinctions.

In this hurriedly prepared account of his plan, the author has doubtless failed to meet many objections which may be raised and which he could easily answer. He would therefore ask the privilege of replying personally to any such objections, where they arise, believing that it will be possible to answer, if not all, at least a very large proportion.

In his varied reading, correspondence, and conversation on the subject, the author doubtless received suggestions and gained ideas which it is now impossible for him to acknowledge. Perhaps the most fruitful source of ideas was the Nuovo Sistema di Catalogo Bibliografico Generale of Natale Battezzati, of Milan. Certainly he is indebted to this system adopted by the Italian publishers in 1871, though he has copied nothing from it. The plan of the St. Louis Public School Library, and that of the Apprentices' Library of New York, which in some respects resemble his own, were not seen till all the essential features were decided upon, though not given to the public. In filling the nine classes of the scheme the inverted Baconian arrangement of the St. Louis Library has been followed. The author has no desire to claim original invention for any part of his system where another has been before him, and would most gladly make specific acknowledgment of every aid and suggestion were it in his power to do so. With these general explanations and acknowledgments he submits the scheme, hoping it may prove as useful to others as it has to himself.

     AMHERST COLLEGE LIBRARY,
          June 10th, 1876.

Those interested will find fuller explanations and remarks in the Library volume now being printed by the Bureau of Education at Washington.

CLASSES

(GENERAL)

PHILOSOPHY

THEOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

PHILOLOGY

NATURAL SCIENCE

USEFUL ARTS

FINE ARTS

LITERATURE

HISTORY

DIVISIONS

  0  (General).
 10   BIBLIOGRAPHY.
 20   BOOK RARITIES.
 30   GENERAL CYCLOPEDIAS.
 40   POLYGRAPHY.
 50   GENERAL PERIODICALS.
 60   GENERAL SOCIETIES.
 70
 80
 90

100  Philosophy.
110   METAPHYSICS.
120
130   ANTHROPOLOGY.
140   SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY.
150   MENTAL FACULTIES.
160   LOGIC.
170   ETHICS.
180   ANCIENT PHILOSOPHIES.
190   MODERN PHILOSOPHIES.

200   Theology.
210   NATURAL THEOLOGY.
220   BIBLE.
230   DOCTRINAL THEOLOGY.
240   PRACTICAL AND DEVOTIONAL.
250   HOMILETICAL AND PASTORAL.
260   INSTITUTIONS AND MISSIONS.
270   ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
280   CHRISTIAN SECTS.
290   NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS.

300   Sociology.
310   STATISTICS.
320   POLITICAL SCIENCE.
330   POLITICAL ECONOMY.
340   LAW.
350   ADMINISTRATION.
360   ASSOCIATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS.
370   EDUCATION.
380   COMMERCE AND COMMUNICATION.
390   CUSTOMS AND COSTUMES.

400   Philology.
410   COMPARATIVE.
420   ENGLISH.
430   GERMAN.
440   FRENCH.
450   ITALIAN.
460   SPANISH.
470   LATIN.
480   GREEK.
490   OTHER LANGUAGES.

500   Natural Science.
510   MATHEMATICS.
520   ASTRONOMY.
530   PHYSICS.
540   CHEMISTRY.
550   GEOLOGY.
560   PALEONTOLOGY.
570   BIOLOGY.
580   BOTANY.
590   ZOOLOGY.

600   Useful Arts.
610   MEDICINE.
620   ENGINEERING.
630   AGRICULTURE.
640   DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
650   COMMUNICATION AND COMMERCE.
660   CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY.
670   MANUFACTURES.
680   MECHANIC TRADES.
690   BUILDING.

700   Fine Arts.
710   LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
720   ARCHITECTURE.
730   SCULPTURE.
740   DRAWING AND DESIGN.
750   PAINTING.
760   ENGRAVING.
770   PHOTOGRAPHY.
780   MUSIC.
790   AMUSEMENTS.

800   Literature.
810   TREATISES AND COLLECTIONS.
820   ENGLISH.
830   GERMAN.
840   FRENCH.
850   ITALIAN.
860   SPANISH.
870   LATIN.
880   GREEK.
890   OTHER LANGUAGES.

900   History.
910   GEOGRAPHY AND DESCRIPTION.
920   BIOGRAPHY.
930   ANCIENT HISTORY.
940   Modern  EUROPE.
950   Modern  ASIA.
960   Modern  AFRICA.
970   Modern  NORTH AMERICA.
980   Modern  SOUTH AMERICA.
990   Modern  OCEANICA AND POLAR
                               REGIONS.

(GENERAL).

  0
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9

 10   Bibliography.
 11   General Bibliographies.
 12   Special Forms.
 13      Manuscripts.
 14      Anonyms, Pseudonyms, &c.
 15   Special Countries.
 16   Special Subjects.
 17   Subject Catalogues.
 18   Authors' Catalogues.
 19   Library Economy and Reports.

 20   Book Rarities.
 21   Manuscripts.
 22   Block Books.
 23   Early Printed.
 24   Celebrated Printers.
 25   Celebrated Binders.
 26   Materials.
 27   Ownership.
 28   Prohibited.
 29   Other.

 30   General Cyclopedias.
 31   American.
 32   English.
 33   German.
 34   French.
 35   Italian.
 36   Spanish.
 37   Slavic.
 38   Scandinavian.
 39   Other.

 40   Polygraphy.
 41   American.
 42   English.
 43   German.
 44   French.
 45   Italian.
 46   Spanish.
 47   Slavic.
 48   Scandinavian.
 49   Other.

 50   General Periodicals.
 51   American.
 52   English.
 53   German.
 54   French.
 55   Italian.
 56   Spanish.
 57   Slavic.
 58   Scandinavian.
 59   Other.

 60   General Societies.
 61   American.
 62   English.
 63   German.
 64   French.
 65   Italian.
 66   Spanish.
 67   Slavic.
 68   Scandinavian.
 69   Other.

 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79

 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89

 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99

PHILOSOPHY.

100   Philosophy.
101
102   Compends.
103   Dictionaries.
104   Essays.
105   Periodicals.
106   Societies.
107   Education.
108
109   History.

110   Metaphysics.
111   Ontology.
112   Methodology.
113   Cosmology.
114
115
116
117
118
119

120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

130   Anthropology.
131   Mental physiology and hygiene.
132   Mental derangements.
133   Delusions, witchcraft, magic.
134   Mesmerism.
135   Sleep, dreams, somnambulism.
136   Sexes.
137   Temperaments.
138   Physiognomy.
139   Phrenology.

140   Schools of Psychology.
141   Idealistic.
142   Critical.
143   Intuitive.
144   Empirical.
145   Sensational.
146   Materialistic.
147   Pantheistic.
148   Eclectic.
149   Other.

150   Mental Faculties.
151   Intellect.
152   Sense.
153   Understanding.
154   Memory.
155   Reason.
156   Imagination.
157   Susceptibility.
158   Instincts.
159   Will.

160   Logic.
161   Inductive.
162   Deductive.
163   Assent.
164
165
166
167
168
169

170   Ethics.
171   Theoretical.
172   State.
173   Family.
174   Business.
175   Amusements.
176   Sexual.
177   Social.
178   Temperance.
179   Other.

180   Ancient Philosophies.
181   Oriental.
182   Early Greek.
183   Sophistic and Socratic.
184   Platonic.
185   Aristotelian.
186   Pyrrhonist and New Platonist.
187   Epicurean.
188   Stoic.
189   Patristic.

190   Modern Philosophies.
191   Scotch and American.
192   English.
193   German.
194   French.
195   Italian.
196   Spanish.
197   Arabian.
198   Scholastic.
199   Other.

THEOLOGY

200   Theology.
201   Philosophy.
202   Compends.
203   Dictionaries.
204   Essays.
205   Periodicals.
206   Societies.
207   Education.
208
209   History.

210   Natural Theology.
211   Theism and Atheism.
212   Pantheism.
213   Creation.
214   Providence.
215   Religion and science.
216   Evil.
217   Prayer.
218   Future Life.
219

220   Bible.
221   Old Testament.
222      Historical books.
223     Poetical books.
224      Prophetical books.
225   New Testament.
226      Gospels and Acts.
227      Epistles.
228      Apocalypse.
229   Apocrypha.

230   Doctrinal.
231   God.
232   Christ.
233   Man.
234   Salvation.
235   Angels.
236   Death and resurrection.
237   Future state.
238   Inspiration.
239   Apologetics.

240   Practical and Devotional.
241   Didactic.
242   Meditative.
243   Hortatory.
244   Ritual.
245   Hymnology.
246   Public worship.
247   Social worship.
248   Private worship.
249   Religious fiction and anecdote.

250   Homiletical and Pastoral.
251   Homiletics.
252   Sermons.
253      Doctrinal.
254      Practical.
255      Religion and Science.
256      Political.
257      Ordination.
258      Expository.
259      Commemorative.

260   Institutions and missions.
261   Church.
262       Ecclesiastical polity.
263   Sabbath.
264   Baptism.
265   Lord's Supper.
266   Missions.
267      Foreign.
268   Sunday schools.
269   Revivals.

270   Ecclesiastical History.
271   Religious orders.
272   Persecutions.
273   Doctrines.
274   Europe.
275   Asia.
276   Africa.
277   North America.
278   South America.
279   Oceanica.

280   Christian Sects.
281   Oriental.
282   Roman Catholic.
283   English and Protestant Episcopal.
284   Presbyterian.
285   Congregational.
286   Baptist.
287   Methodist.
288   Unitarian and Universalist.
289   Other Christian sects.

290 Non-Christian Religions.
291   Comparative mythology.
292   Greek and Roman mythology.
293   Norse mythology.
294   Brahmanism and Buddhism.
295   Parseeism.
296   Judaism.
297   Mohammedanism.
298   Mormonism.
299   Other.

SOCIOLOGY.

300   Sociology.
301   Philosophy.
302   Compends.
303   Dictionaries.
304   Essays.
305   Periodicals.
306   Societies.
307
308
309   History.

310   Statistics.
311   Methods.
312   Progress of population.
313   Progress of civilization.
314   Europe.
315   Asia.
316   Africa.
317   North America.
318   South America.
319   Oceanica.

320   Political Science.
321   Patriarchal Institutions.
322   Feudal Institutions.
323   Monarchic Institutions.
324   Republican Institutions.
325   Colonies and Emigration.
326   Slavery.
327   Foreign and Domestic relations.
328   Legislative annals.
329   Political essays and speeches.

330   Political Economy.
331   Capital and labor.
332   Banks and money.
333   Stocks, rents, and income.
334   Credit and interest.
335   Communism.
336   Public funds and taxation.
337   Protection and free trade.
338   Production.
339   Pauperism.

340   Law.
341   International.
342   Constitutional and administrative.
343   Statute and common.
344   Equity.
345   Criminal.
346   Maritime.
347   Martial.
348   Civil and Canon.
349   Evidence and Forms of practice.

350   Administration.
351   Civil Service.
352       Treasury.
353       Interior.
354       Police.
355   Army.
356       Infantry.
357       Cavalry.
358       Artillery.
359   Navy.

360   Associations and Institutions.
361   Charitable.
362   Religious.
363   Political.
364   Reformatory and Sanitary.
365   Prisons.
366   Secret Societies.
367   Trades Unions.
368   Insurance.
369   Other.

370   Education.
371   Teachers, methods, and discipline.
372   Elementary.
373   Higher.
374   Self-education.
375   Classical and real.
376   Female.
377   Religious and secular.
378   Schools and Colleges.
379   Reports.

380   Commerce, Communication.
381   Domestic trade.
382   Foreign trade.
383   Post office.
384   Telegraph.
385   Railroad and express.
386   Canal transportation.
387   River and ocean transportation.
388   City transit.
389   Weights and measures.

390   Customs and Costumes.
391   Ancient.
392   Medieval.
393   Modern.
394       Europe.
395       Asia.
396       Africa.
397       North America.
398       South America.
399       Oceanica.

PHILOLOGY.

400   Philology.
401   Philosophy.
402   Compends.
403   Dictionaries.
404   Essays.
405   Periodicals.
406   Societies.
407   Education.
408   Universal Language.
409   History.

410   Comparative.
411   Orthography.
412   Etymology.
413   Dictionaries.
414   Phonology.
415   Grammar.
416   Prosody.
417   Inscriptions.
418   Texts.
419   Hieroglyphics.

420   English.
421   Orthography.
422   Etymology.
423   Dictionaries.
424   Synonyms.
425   Grammar.
426   Prosody.
427   Dialects.
428   Texts.
429   Anglo-Saxon.

430   German.
431   Orthography.
432   Etymology.
433   Dictionaries.
434   Synonyms.
435   Grammar.
436   Prosody.
437   Dialects.
438   Texts.
439   Dutch and Low German.

440   French.
441   Orthography.
442   Etymology.
443   Dictionaries.
444   Synonyms.
445   Grammar.
446   Prosody.
447   Dialects.
448   Texts.
449   Old French, Provençal.

450   Italian.
451   Orthography.
452   Etymology.
453   Dictionaries.
454   Synonyms.
455   Grammar.
456   Prosody.
457   Dialects.
458   Texts.
459   Romansh and Wallachian.

460   Spanish.
461   Orthography.
462   Etymology.
463   Dictionaries.
464   Synonyms.
465   Grammar.
466   Prosody.
467   Dialects.
468   Texts.
469   Portuguese.

470   Latin.
471   Orthography.
472   Etymology.
473   Dictionaries.
474   Synonyms.
475   Grammar.
476   Prosody.
477   Dialects.
478   Texts.
479   Medieval Latin.

480   Greek.
481   Orthography.
482   Etymology.
483   Dictionaries.
484   Synonyms.
485   Grammar.
486   Prosody.
487   Dialects.
488   Texts.
489   Modern Greek.

490   Other Languages.
491   Chinese.
492   Egyptian.
493   Semitic.
494   Indian.
495   Iranian.
496   Keltic.
497   Slavic.
498   Scandinavian.
499   Other.

NATURAL SCIENCE.

500   Natural Science.
501   Philosophy.
502   Compends.
503   Dictionaries.
504   Essays.
505   Periodicals.
506   Societies.
507   Education.
508   Travels.
509   History.

5l0   Mathematics.
511   Arithmetic.
512   Algebra.
513   Geometry.
514   Trigonometry.
515   Conic sections.
516   Analytical geometry.
517   Calculus.
518   Quaternions.
519   Probabilities.

520   Astronomy.
521   Theoretical.
522   Practical.
523   Descriptive.
524   Maps.
525   Observations.
526   Figure of the earth.
527   Navigation.
528   Almanacs.
529   Chronology.

530   Physics.
531   Mechanics.
532   Hydrostatics.
533   Pneumatics.
534   Acoustics.
535   Optics.
536   Heat.
537   Electricity.
538   Magnetism.
539   Molecular physics.

540   Chemistry.
541   Theoretical.
542   Experimental.
543   Analysis.
544       Qualitative.
545       Quantitative.
546   Inorganic.
547   Organic.
548   Crystallography.
549   Mineralogy.

550   Geology.
551   Physical Geography, Meteorology.
552   Lithology.
553   Dynamical geology.
554   Europe.
555   Asia.
556   Africa.
557   North America.
558   South America.
559   Oceanica.

560   Paleontology.
561   Plants.
562   Invertebrates.
563       Protozoa and Radiates.
564       Mollusca.
565       Articulates.
566   Vertebrates.
567       Fishes.
568       Reptiles and Birds.
569       Mammals.

570   Biology.
571   Prehistoric Archæology.
572   Ethnology.
573   Natural History of Man.
574   Homologies.
575   Evolution.
576   Embryology.
577   Spontaneous generation.
578   Microscopy.
579   Collectors' Manuals.

580   Botany.
581   Physiological.
582   Systematic.
583   Ornamental.
584   Europe.
585   Asia.
586   Africa.
587   North America.
588   South America.
589   Oceanica.

590   Zoology.
591   Comparative Anatomy.
592   Invertebrates.
593       Protozoa and Radiates.
594       Mollusca.
595       Articulates.
596   Vertebrates.
597       Fishes.
598       Reptiles and Birds.
599       Mammals.

USEFUL ARTS.

600   Useful Arts.
601   Philosophy.
602   Compends.
603   Dictionaries.
604   Essays.
605   Periodicals.
606   Societies.
607   Education.
608   Patents.
609   History.

610   Medicine.
611   Anatomy.
612   Physiology.
613   Hygiene.
614   Public health.
615   Materia medica and therapeutics.
616   Pathology, theory and practice.
617   Surgery and dentistry.
618   Obstetrics and sexual science.
619   Veterinary medicine.

620   Engineering.
621   Mechanical.
622   Topographical.
623   Military.
624   Bridge.
625   Road and railroad.
626   Canal.
627   Harbor.
628   Hydraulic and mining.
629   Instruments and field books.

630   Agriculture.
631   Soil and preparation.
632   Pests and hindrances.
633   Productions of the soil.
634   Fruits.
635   Garden.
636   Domestic animals.
637   Dairy.
638   Bees and silkworm.
639   Fishing, trapping.

640   Domestic Economy.
641   Cookery.
642   Confectionery.
643   Food and dining.
644   Fuel and lights.
645   Furniture.
646   Clothing and toilet.
647   Servants.
648   Laundry.
649   Nursery and sick-room.

650   Communication, Commerce.
651   Writing.
652       Penmanship.
653       Short hand.
654   Telegraphy.
655   Printing.
656   Navigation and transportation.
657   Book-keeping.
658   Business manuals.
659   Other.

660   Chemical Technology.
661   Chemicals.
662   Pyrotechnics.
663   Wines, liquors, and ales.
664   Sugar, salt, starch, etc.
665   Gas.
666   Glass.
667   Dyeing and bleaching.
668   Assaying.
669   Metallurgy.

670   Manufactures.
671   Metals.
672       Iron.
673   Marble, stone, and brick.
674   Wood.
675   Leather and rubber.
676   Paper.
677   Textile fabrics.
678       Cotton.
679   Other.

680   Mechanic Trades.
681   Watch and instrument-making.
682   Blacksmithing.
683   Lock and gun-making.
684   Carriage and cabinet-making.
685   Saddlery and shoe-making.
686   Book-binding.
687   Clothes-making.
688
689   Other.

690   Building.
691   Materials.
692   Plans and specifications.
693   Masonry.
694   Carpentry.
695   Slating and tiling.
696   Plumbing.
697   Warming and ventilation.
698   Painting, glazing, and paper-hanging.
699   Car and Ship-building.

FINE ARTS.

700   Fine Arts.
701   Philosophy.
702   Compends.
703   Dictionaries.
704   Essays.
705   Periodicals.
706   Societies.
707   Education.
708   Galleries.
709   History.

710   Landscape Gardening.
711   Parks.
712   Private grounds.
713   Walks and drives.
714   Water.
715   Trees and hedges.
716   Plants and flowers.
717   Arbors.
718   Monuments.
719   Cemeteries.

720   Architecture.
721   Architectural construction.
722   Ancient and Oriental.
723   Medieval.
724   Modern.
725   Public buildings.
726   Church.
727   School.
728   Domestic and rural.
729   Of special countries.

730   Sculpture.
731   Materials and methods.
732   Ancient.
733       Greek and Roman.
734   Medieval.
735   Modern.
736   Carving.
737   Numismatics.
738   Pottery and bronzes.
739   Collections.

740   Drawing and Design.
741   Free-hand.
742   Perspective.
743   Art anatomy.
744   Mathematical drawing.
745   Ornamental design.
746       Ancient.
747       Medieval.
748       Modern.
749   Collections.

750   Painting.
751   Materials and methods.
752   Color.
753   Flemish and Dutch Schools.
754   French.
755   Italian.
756   Other schools.
757   Portrait.
758   Landscape.
759   Collections.

760   Engraving.
761   Wood.
762   Steel and Copper.
763   Lithography.
764   Chromolithography.
765   Line and Stipple.
766   Mezzotint and Aquatint.
767   Etching.
768   Bank Note and Machine.
769   Collections.

770   Photography.
771   Materials.
772   Ambrotype and Daguerreotype.
773   Photograph.
774   Heliotype, Albertype, etc.
775   Photolithography.
776   Stereoscopic.
777   Portrait.
778   Landscape.
779   Collections.

780   Music.
781   Theory.
782   Dramatic.
783   Church.
784   Vocal.
785   Instrumental.
786       Piano and Organ.
787       Stringed instruments.
788       Wind instruments.
789   Associations and institutions.

790   Amusements.
791   Entertainments.
792       Theatre.
793   In-door amusements.
794       Chess.
795       Other games.
796   Out-door sports.
797       Boating and ball.
798       Horsemanship and racing.
799       Fishing, hunting, shooting.

LITERATURE.

800   Literature.
801   Philosophy.
802   Compends.
803   Dictionaries.
804   Essays.
805   Periodicals.
806   Societies.
807
808
809   History.

810   Treatises and Collections.
811   Poetry.
812   Drama.
813   Romance.
814   Essays.
815   Rhetoric and oratory.
816   Letters.
817   Satire.
818   Humor.
819   Miscellany.

820   English Literature.
821   English Poetry.
822   English Drama.
823   English Romance.
824   English Essays.
825   English Oratory.
826   English Letters.
827   English Satire.
828   English Humor.
829   English Miscellany.

830   German Literature.
831   German Poetry.
832   German Drama.
833   German Romance.
834   German Essays.
835   German Oratory.
836   German Letters.
837   German Satire.
838   German Humor.
839   German Miscellany.

840   French Literature.
841   French Poetry.
842   French Drama.
843   French Romance.
844   French Essays.
845   French Oratory.
846   French Letters.
847   French Satire.
848   French Humor.
849   French Miscellany.

850   Italian Literature.
851   Italian Poetry.
852   Italian Drama.
853   Italian Romance.
854   Italian Essays.
855   Italian Oratory.
856   Italian Letters.
857   Italian Satire.
858   Italian Humor.
859   Italian Miscellany.

860   Spanish Literature.
861   Spanish Poetry.
862   Spanish Drama.
863   Spanish Romance.
864   Spanish Essays.
865   Spanish Oratory.
866   Spanish Letters.
867   Spanish Satire.
868   Spanish Humor.
869   Spanish Miscellany.

870   Latin Literature.
871   Latin Poetry.
872       Dramatic.
873       Epic.
874       Lyric.
875   Latin Oratory.
876   Latin Letters.
877   Latin Satire.
878   Latin Philosophy.
879   Latin History.

880   Greek Literature.
881   Greek Poetry.
882       Dramatic.
883       Epic.
884       Lyric.
885   Greek Oratory.
886   Greek Letters.
887   Greek Humor.
888   Greek Philosophy.
889   Greek History.

890   Other Languages.
891   Chinese.
892   Egyptian.
893   Semitic.
894   Indian.
895   Iranian.
896   Keltic.
897   Slavic.
898   Scandinavian.
899   Other.

HISTORY.

900   History.
901   Philosophy.
902   Compends, chronology.
903   Dictionaries.
904   Essays.
905   Periodicals.
906   Societies.
907   Education.
908   Charts.
909   Universal Histories.

910   Geography and Description.
911   Historical.
912   Ancient.
913   Modern.
914       Europe.
915       Asia.
916       Africa.
917       North America.
918       South America.
919       Oceanica and Polar Regions.

920   Biography.
921   Of philosophy.
922   Of theology.
923   Of sociology.
924   Of philology.
925   Of science.
926   Of useful arts.
927   Of fine arts.
928   Of literature.
929   Genealogy and Heraldry.

930   Ancient History.
931   Chinese.
932   Egyptian.
933   Jewish.
934   Indian.
935   Persian.
936   Keltic.
937   Roman.
938   Greek.
939   Other.

940   Europe.
941   Scotland and Ireland.
942   England.
943   Germany and Austria.
944   France.
945   Italy.
946   Spain and Portugal.
947   Russia.
948   Scandinavia.
949   Other.

950   Asia.
951   China.
952   Japan.
953   Arabia.
954   India.
955   Persia.
956   Turkey in Asia.
957   Siberia.
958   Afghanistan.
959   Other.

960   Africa.
96l   North Africa.
962       Egypt and Nubia.
963       Abyssinia.
964       Morocco.
965       Algeria.
966   Central Africa.
967       Guinea.
968   South Africa.
969   Other.

970   North America.
971   British America.
972       Canada.
973   United States and Territories.
974       Eastern.
975       Middle.
976       Southern.
977       Western.
978   Mexico.
979   Other.

980   South America.
981   Brazil.
982   Argentine Republic.
983   Chili.
984   Bolivia.
985   Peru.
986   New Granada.
987   Venezuela.
988   Guiana.
989   Other.

990   Oceanica and Polar Regions.
991   Malaysia.
992       Sunda.
993   Australasia.
994       Australia.
995       New Guinea.
996   Polynesia.
997   Isolated islands.
998   Arctic regions.
999   Antarctic regions.

SUBJECT INDEX

Find the subject in this Alphabetical INDEX. The number following it is its Class Number. The entire resources of the library on this subject will be found under this number either in the Subject Catalogue, the Shelf Catalogue, or on the shelves. Where a class number ends in a cipher, the subject will be found, on reference to the prefixed classification, to be subdivided.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

326Abolition
970Aborigines North America
618Abortion
963Abyssinia
493Abyssinia language
378Academies
506Academies of science
657Accounts
534Acoustics
819, 829, 839, etc.Acrostics
328Acts and Resolves
226Acts of the Apostles
815, 825, 835, etc.Addresses
350Administration
342Administrative law
346Admiralty Law
176, 345Adultery
236Advent, second
533Aeronautics
701Æsthetics
966Æthiopia
958Afghanistan
586Africa--botany
396    customs and costumes
916    description
276    ecclesiastical history
916    geography
556    geology
960    history
316    statistics
916    travels
631Agricultural chemistry
630Agriculture
533Air
976Alabama
977Alaska
949Albania
774Albertypes
272, 944Albigenses
540Alchemy
178, 615, 663Alcoholic liquors
663Ales
582Algæ
512Algebra
965Algeria
343Aliens
819, 829, 839, etc.Allegories
528Almanacs
313Almanacs statistical
411, 421, 431, etc.Alphabets
745-748Alphabets ornamental
341Ambassadors
772Ambrotype
970America North--
587    botany
397    customs and costumes
917    description
277    ecclesiastical history
917    geography
557    geology
970    history
317    statistics
917    travels
980America South--
588    botany
398    customs and costumes
918    escription
278    ecclesiastical history
918    geography
558    geology
980    history
318    statistics
918    travels
499American languages
756American painting
191American philosophy
973American revolution
427Americanisms
378Amherst College
617Amputation
175, 790Amusements
819, 829, 839, etc.Ana, anagrams
543Analysis, chemical
544Analysis, qualitative
545Analysis, quantitative
516Analytical geometry
743Anatomy, art
591Anatomy, comparative
611Anatomy, human
722Ancient architecture
391Ancient customs, costumes
746Ancient design
912Ancient geography
930Ancient history
180Ancient philosophies
732Ancient sculpture
249Anecdote, Religious
617Aneurism
235Angels
283Anglican church
799Angling
942Anglo-Saxon history
429Anglo-Saxon language

134Animal magnetism
590Animal kingdom
636Animals, domestic
593Animalcula
333Annuities
 14Anonyms
999Antarctic regions
919Antarctic regions travels
130Anthropology
366Anti-Masonry
234Antinomianism
Antiquities, see subject or country.
819, 829, 839, etc.Aphorisms
228Apocalypse
229Apocrypha
239Apologetics
616Apoplexy
922Apostles
274-276Apostolic church
262Apostolic succession
819, 829, 839, etc.Apothegms
133Apparitions
634Apples
590Aquariums
766Aquatint
628Aqueducts
939Arabia, ancient history
953Arabia, modern
493Arabian language
197Arabian philosophy
715Arboriculture
717Arbors
571Archæology, prehistoric
799Archery
927Architects, lives
744Architectural drawing
720Architecture
699Architecture naval
998Arctic regions
919Arctic regions travels
982Argentine republic
281, 232Arianism
185Aristotelian philosophy
511Arithmetic
977Arizona
976Arkansas
956Armenia
355Armies
287, 234Arminianism
355Armor
743Art anatomy
927Art biography
707Art education
753-756Art schools
628Artesian wells
565Articulates, paleontology
595Articulates, zoology
358Artillery
927Artists' lives
700Arts, fine
927Arts, fine biography of
600Arts, useful
926Arts, useful biography of
967Ashantee
916Ashantee geography
950Asia--
585    botany
395    customs and costumes
275    ecclesiastical history
915    geography
555    geology
950    history
315    statistics
915    travels
956Asia Minor
345Assassination
345Assault and battery
668Assaying
163Assent
360Associations
789Associations musical
368Assurance
935Assyria
493Assyrian language
616Asthma
133Astrology
524Astronomical maps
525Astronomical observations
520Astronomy
211Atheism
796Athletic sports
910Atlases
533Atmosphere
234Atonement
537, 551Aurora
993Australasia
994Australia
943Austria
171Authority
928Authors' lives
Autobiography, see Biography.
946Azores

935Babylon
795Backgammon
192Baconian philosophy
797Ball playing
Ballads, see Poetry.
533Ballooning
345, 366Banditti
768Bank Note Engraving
343Bankrupt laws
332Banks
264Baptism
286Baptists
961Barbary States
533, 551Barometer
731Bas-reliefs
797Base ball
499Basque language
946Basque provinces
613Baths
943Bavaria
701Beauty
663Beer
638Bees
595Beetles
635Beets
664Beets sugar
949Belgium
800Belles-lettres
785Bell-ringing
671Bells
971Bermudas
220Bible
220Bible dictionaries, etc.
377Bible in schools
362Bible societies
11Bibliographies
Bibliographies--
015    Special countries
012    Special forms
016    Special subjects
010Bibliography
795Billiards
920Biography
570Biology
598Birds
568Birds palæontology
312Births
682Blacksmithing

667Bleaching
616Blindness
022Block books
543Blowpipe
343Blue laws
797Boating
797, 699Boats
959Bokhara
984Bolivia
333Bonds and stocks
611Bones
10, 20Books
10, 25, 686Book binding
10Book collecting
657Book keeping
20Book rarities
17, 18Booksellers' catalogues
685, 675Boot-making
580Botany
561Botany fossil
615Botany medical
294Brahmanism
615, 663Brandy
981Brazil
244Breviaries
663Brewing
673Bricks
624Bridge-building
345, 366Brigands
971British America
972British Columbia
954British India
369British Museum
942, 941Britons
616Bronchitis
738Bronzes
345, 366Buccaneers
294Buddhism
982Buenos Ayres
690Building
390, 614, 719Burial
954Burmah
174Business ethics
658Business manuals
637Butter
595Butterflies
949Byzantine Empire

684Cabinet making
945Calabria
511Calculators
517Calculus
941Caledonia
977California
613Calisthenics
536Caloric
234Calvinism
332Cambists
942Cambria
736Cameos
972Canada
626Canal engineering
386Canal transit
946Canary Isles
616Cancer
348Canon law
331Capital and labor
345Capital punishment
699Car-building
795Card-playing
989Caribbee Islands
741Caricatures
694Carpentry
684Carriage making
939Carthage
643Carving
736Carving and chasing
954Cashmere
946Castille
730Casts
171Casuistry
18Catalogues--Authors
12-18Catalogues--Books
12-18Catalogues--Libraries
17Catalogues--Subjects
616Catarrh
241Catechisms
726Cathedrals
282Catholic Church
636Cattle
324Caucuses
357Cavalry
551Caves
136, 176Celibacy
496Celtic language
896Celtic literature
936Celts
693Cements
719Cemeteries
310Censuses
966Central Africa
979Central America
673, 738Ceramic art
599Cetacea
954Ceylon
493Chaldee language
519Chances
795Charades
361Charitable associations
908Charts, history
736Chasing
795Checkers
637Cheese
631Chemical agriculture
543Chemical analysis
660Chemical technology
661Chemicals--manufacture
540Chemistry
794Chess
618Childbirth
983Chili
693Chimneys
931China, ancient
951China, modern
491Chinese language
891Chinese literature
299Chinese religion
322Chivalry
615, 617, 618Chloroform
616Cholera
232Christ
230Christian doctrines
270Christian fathers
260Christian institutions
280Christian sects
239Christianity, evidences
270-289Christianity, history
390Christmas customs
232Christology
764Chromolithography
902Chronologies
529Chronology
261Church
726Church architecture
283Church of England
270Church fathers
270-289Church history
783Church music
262Church polity
282Church of Rome
261, 172, 329Church and state
947Circassia
910Circumnavigations
342Citizenship
388City transit
620Civil engineering
348Civil law
351Civil service organs
351Civil service regulations
313Civilization--progress
134Clairvoyance
375Classical education
880Classics, Greek 488,
478, 870Classics, Latin
112Classification
922Clergy, lives of
551, 536Climatology
610Clinic
681Clock-making
687Clothes-making
646Clothing
369Clubs
549, 644Coal
622Coast survey
929Coats of arms
951Cochin China

376Co-education
641, 633Coffee
332Coinage
737Coins
595Coleoptera
708Collections, art
749    drawing and design
769    engraving
759    painting
779    photography
739    sculpture
579Collectors' manuals
378Colleges
628Collieries
986Colombia, S.A.
325Colonies
535Color
752Colors, painting
667Coloring
Comedy, see Drama.
523Comets
Comic works, see Humor.
259Commemorative sermons
220Commentaries, Bible
340Commentaries, law
380Commerce
343Commercial law
343Common law
372Common schools
380, 650Communication
265Communion
335Communism
335Comparative anatomy
291Comparative mythology
410Comparative philology
629, 538, 527Compass
Compends--
702    fine arts
902    history
802    literature
502    natural science
402    philology
102    philosophy
502    science
302    sociology
202    theology
602    useful arts
815Composition
781Composition of music
194, 145Comte's philosophy
594Conchology
220Concordances of Bible
642Confectionery
282Confessional
285Congregationalism
515Conic sections
974Connecticut
170, 233Conscience
789Conservatories of music
323Constitution, English
324Constitution, United States
342Constitutional law
721Construction, architectural
327Consuls
616Consumption
614Contagion
343Contracts
362, 271Convents
177Conversation
641Cookery
331Co-operation
671, 549Copper
762Copper engraving
492Coptic language
343Copyright
593Corals
959Corea
347, 343Corn laws
721Cornices
343Coroners
371Corporal punishment
360Corporations
364Correction, houses of
530Correlation of forces
816Correspondence
944Corsica
646Cosmetics
113Cosmogony
113Cosmology
947Cossacks
979Costa Rica
390Costumes
728Cottages
678Cotton manufactures
633Cotton planting
381, 382Cotton trade
262, 270Councils
347Courts martial
194Cousin's philosophy
274, 941Covenanters
636, 637Cows
634Cranberries
741Crayoning
213Creation
334Credit
244, 280Creeds
614, 390Cremation
949Crete
796Cricket
947Crimea
345Crimes and punishments
345Criminal law
142Critical psychology
Criticism--literary, see Essays.
793Crocheting
796Croquet
616Croup
274, 940Crusades
595Crustacea
582Cryptogamia
548Crystallography
979Cuba
332Currency
531Curvilinear motion
337Customs and duties
390Customs and manners
30Cyclopaedias, general

772Daguerreotype
637Dairy
793Dancing
498Danish
575Darwinism
361Deaf and dumb institutions
616Deafness
612Death
236Death and resurrection
345Death penalty
815Debates
511Decimal system
389Decimal weights & measures
745-748Decorative art
162Deductive logic
211Deism
975Delaware
133Delusions
324Democracy
133Demonology
948Denmark
280Denominations, Christian
617Dentistry
233, 216Depravity
132Derangement, mental
194Descarte's philosophy
523Descriptive astronomy
744Descriptive geometry
740Design and drawing
745-8Design ornamental
321Despotism
354Detectives
222Deuteronomy
575Development theory
235Devil
240Devotional theology
551Dew
160Dialectics
Dialects--
427    English
447    French
437    German
487    Greek
457    Italian
477    Latin
467    Spanish
552Diamonds
Dictionaries--
413    comparative
423    English
703    fine art
443    French
433    German
483    Greek
903    history
453    Italian
473    Latin
803    literature
503    natural science
403    philology
103    philosophy
503    science
303    sociology
463    Spanish
203    theology
603    useful arts

241Didactic theology
736Die-making
613Diet
517Differential calculus
612Digestion
343Digests
643Dining
616Diphtheria
327, 341Diplomacy
10, 21Diplomatics
910Directories
371Discipline, education
616Diseases
614Disinfection
615Dispensatories
611Dissection
289, 283Dissenters
663Distillation
976District of Columbia
343, l73Divorce
273Doctrinal history
253Doctrinal sermons
230Doctrinal theology
599, 636Dogs
636Domestic animals
728Domestic architecture
640Domestic economy
327Domestic and foreign relations
615Domestic medicine
381Domestic trade
248Domestic worship
795Dominos
631, 614Drainage
812Drama, general treatises
822Drama, English
842Drama, French
832Drama, German
882Drama, Greek
852Drama, Italian
872Drama, Latin
862Drama, Spanish
792Dramatic amusements
782Dramatic music
795Draughts
740Drawing
741Drawing-books
135Dreams
646Dress
646Dress making
713Drives
798Driving
615Drugs
299Druids
177, 345, 392Duelling
439Dutch language
753Dutch painting
289Dutch Reformed Church
949Dutch Republic
170Duties
337Duties and customs
667Dyeing
537Dynamical electricity
553Dynamical geology
531Dynamics
616Dysentery
616Dyspepsia

616Ear diseases
182Early Greek philosophy
551Earth
526Earth figure of
553Earthquakes
954East Indies
244Easter
281Eastern church
974Eastern States
270Ecclesiastical history
262Ecclesiastical polity
593Echinoderms
616Eclectic medicine
148Eclectic psychology
523Eclipses
640Economy, domestic
330Economy, political
989Ecuador
370Education
707Education fine arts
907Education history
507Education natural sciences
407Education philology
107Education philosophy
507Education science
207Education theology
607Education useful arts
378Educational institutions
379Educational reports
932Egypt, ancient
962Egypt, modern
492Egyptian language
892Egyptian literature
256Election sermons
324Elections
537Electricity
538Electro-magnetism
361Eleemosynary institutions
372Elementary education
733Elgin marbles
815Elocution
326Emancipation
390Embalming
346, 341Embargo
219Emblems
576Embryology
325Emigration
144Empirical psychology
751Enamel painting
751Encaustic painting
30Encyclopædias, general
620Engineering
629Engineering instruments
942England, history
283English church
427English dialects
423English dictionaries
422English etymology
323English government
425English grammar
420English language
820English literature
421English orthography
756English painting
420English philology
192English philosophy
426English prosody
735English sculpture
424English synonyms
428English texts
760Engraving
819, 829, 839, etc.Enigmas
791Entertainments
137Enthusiasm
595Entomology
595Entozoa

811, 821, 831, etc.Epics
883Epics Greek
873Epics Latin
187Epicurean philosophy
614Epidemics
819, 829, 839, etc.Epigrams
283Episcopal church
227Epistles, Bible
816, 826, etc.Epistolography
929Epitaphs
989Equador
798Equestrian exercise
355Equipments of armies
359Equipments of navies
344Equity
236Eschatology
979, 998Esquimaux
824Essays, English literature
704Essays, fine arts
844Essays, French
814Essays, general treatises
834Essays, German
904Essays, history
854Essays, Italian
804Essays, literature
504Essays, natural science
404Essays, philology
104Essays, philosophy
329Essays, political
504Essays, science
304Essays, sociology
864Essays, Spanish
204Essays, theology
604Essays, useful arts
767Etching
617Etherization
170Ethics
966Ethiopia
390Ethnography
572Ethnology
177Etiquette
937Etruria
412Etymologies, comparative
422Etymologies, English
442Etymologies, French
432Etymologies, German
482Etymologies, Greek
452Etymologies, Italian
472Etymologies, Latin
462Etymologies, Spanish
265Eucharist
920, 259Eulogies
584Europe--botany
394    customs and costumes
274    ecclesiastical history
914    geography
554    geology
940    history
314    statistics
914    travels
349Evidence (law)
239Evidences of Christianity
216Evil
575Evolution
332Exchange
336Excise
220Exegesis
708Exhibitions, art
222Exodus
542Experimental Chemistry
910Explorations
258Expository sermons
385Express companies
616Eye, diseases
612Eye, functions

819, 829, 839, etc.Fables
819, 829, 839, etc.Facetiæ
813, 823, 833 etc.Fairy tales
234, 163Faith
173Family
616Family medicines
247Family worship
133Fanaticism
828, 838, etc., 791Farces
630Farming
682Farriery
177Fashion
244Fasts
159Fatalism
270Fathers of the church
590Fauna
244Feasts
324Federalism
376Female education
378Female seminaries
796Fencing
582Ferns
299Fetichism
322Feudal institutions
616Fevers
Fiction, see Romance.
629Field books, engineering
796-799Field sports
526Figure of the earth
363, 345, 978Filibusters
113Final causes
330Finances
700Fine arts
927    biography of
947Finland
499Finno-Hungarian language
355, 683Fire arms
369Fire departments
621Fire engines
368Fire insurance
662Fire works
597Fishes
567Fishes palæontology
639Fisheries
799Fishing
929Flags
949Flanders
633, 677Flax
753Flemish painting
595Flies

584-589Flora
945Florence
976Florida
716, 583Flower garden
580Flowers
517Fluxions
291-293Folk-lore
643Food
267Foreign missions
327Foreign relations
382Foreign trade
345Forgery
349Form book
623Fortification
133Fortune-telling
560Fossils
671Founderies
361Foundling hospitals
714Fountains
799Fowling
636Fowls
617Fractures
944France
324Franchise
271Franciscans
943Franconia
943, 944Franco-Prussian war
741Free-hand drawing
366Freemasonry
337Free trade
159Freewill
440French language
449French language old
840French literature
754French painting
194French philosophy
944French revolution
735French sculpture
751Fresco painting
531Friction
289Friends, Society of
157Friendship
634Fruit culture
644Fuel
336Funds and funding
259Funeral sermons
390Funerals
645Furniture
218Future life
237Future state

708Galleries of art
749    drawing and design
769    engraving
759    painting
779    photography
739    sculpture, etc.
537Galvanism
175Gambling
345Game laws
793-7Games
635Gardening
710Gardening Landscape
696Gas-fitting
665, 644Gas lighting
665Gas making
641Gastronomy
389Gauging
910Gazetteers
736Gem engraving
549Gems
929Genealogy
577Generation, Spontaneous
222Genesis
945Genoa
526Geodesy
910Geography
916Geography Africa
912Geography ancient
915Geography Asia
914Geography Europe
911Geography historical
913Geography modern
917Geography N. America
551Geography physical
918Geography S. America
910Geography travels
550Geology
553Geology dynamical
513Geometry
516Geometry analytical
959, 976Georgia
430German language
439German language low
830German literature
753German painting
193German philosophy
289German Reformed Church
943Germany
133Ghosts
949Gipsies
363, 944Girondists
553Glaciers
666Glass
751Glass painting
698Glazing
784Glees
522Globes, use of
413, 423, 433, etc.Glossaries
646, 675, 677Gloves
281Gnostics

231God
549, 671Gold
514Goniometry
244Good-Friday
226Gospels
723Gothic architecture
943Goths
616Gout
320Government
234Grace
634Grafting
633Grains
415Grammars, comparative
425Grammars, English
445Grammars, French
435Grammars, German
485Grammars, Greek
455Grammars, Italian
475Grammars, Latin
465Grammars, Spanish
946Granada
363Granges
634Grape culture
633Grasses
716, 583Grasses ornamental
718Grave-stones
719Grave-yards
531Gravitation
941, 942Great Britain
938Greece, ancient
949Greece, modern
722Greek architecture
281Greek church
488Greek commentaries
480Greek language
880Greek literature
489Greek modern
292Greek mythology
180, 888Greek philosophy
733Greek sculpture
488Greek texts with notes
880Greek texts without notes
880Greek translations
583, 635Greenhouses
998Greenland
712Grounds, private
715Groves
979Guatemala
988Guiana
910Guide books
345Guillotine
967Guinea
355, 662Gun cotton
355Gunnery
355, 662Gunpowder
683Gunsmithery
679Gutta percha
613Gymnastics
949Gypsies

343Habeas corpus
192Hamiltonian philosophy
627Harbors
781Harmony, music
226Harmony of gospels
685Harness-making
787Harpsichord
615Hasheesh
646Hats
613Health
614Health public
616Heart diseases
536Heat
290Heathen religions
697Heating
237Heaven
933Hebrew history
493Hebrew language
715Hedges
193Hegelian philosophy
774Heliotypes
237Hell
182Heraclitic philosophy
929Heraldry
582Herbariums
590, 612Hermaphrodites
220Hermeneutics
598Herpetology
419Hieroglyphics
373Higher education
345Highwaymen
611Histology
222Historical books of Bible
908Historical charts and tables
911Historical geography
906Historical societies
900History--
930-939    ancient
928    biography of
270    ecclesiastical
709    fine arts
910    geography
889    in Greek
879    in Latin
809    literature
940-999    modern
509    natural sciences
409    philology
109    philosophy
901    philosophy of
509    science

309    sociology
209    theology
909    universal
609    useful arts
792Histrionics
933, 956Holy Land
371, 374Home education
266Home missions
345Homicide
251Homiletics
615Homoeopathy
574Homologies
638Honey
636, 599, 357, 619Horse
798Horse-racing
798Horse-riding
682Horse-shoeing
798Horsemanship
243Hortatory theology
635Horticulture
361Hospitals
390Hotels
583, 635Hothouses
640House-keeping
640Housewifery
289, 944Huguenots
611Human anatomy
361Humane societies
818Humor
828    English
848    French
838    German
887    Greek
858    Italian
868    Spanish
799Hunting
533Hurricanes
630Husbandry
590Hybridism
628Hydraulic engineering
532Hydraulics
532Hydrodynamics
551, 627, 527Hydrography
532Hydromechanics
615Hydropathy
614, 616Hydrophobia
532Hydrostatics
613Hygiene
131Hygiene mental
245Hymnology
132, 616Hypochondria

553Icebergs
948Iceland
498Icelandic language
560Ichnology
597Ichthyology
730Iconography
141Idealistic psychology
132Idiocy
290Idolatry
745llumination
156Imagination
264, 286Immersion
325Immigration
218, 237Immortality
345Imprisonment for debt
232Incarnation
333Income
23Incunabula
934India, ancient history
954India, modern history
494Indian language
894Indian literature
977Indiana
970Indians, American
499Indians, American language
675India-rubber
793Indoor amusements
161Induction
161Inductive logic
744Industrial drawing
607Industrial schools
364Inebriate institutions
173, 345Infanticide
356Infantry
211Infidelity
614, 615Inoculation
546Inorganic chemistry
272Inquisition
361Insane Hospitals
132Insanity
417Inscriptions
595Insects
238Inspiration
158Instincts
64Institute of France
360Institutions
378Institutions educational
322Institutions Feudal

323Institutions Monarchic
789Institutions Musical
260Institutions of religion
321Institutions Patriarchal
324Institutions Republican
371Instruction
785Instrumental music
629Instruments, engineering
681Instruments, making
368Insurance companies
517Integral calculus
151Intellect
140-150Intellectual philosophy
178Intemperance
380, 650Intercommunication
334Interest
658Interest tables
353Interior, administration
136, 618Intermarriage
237Intermediate state
614, 390Interments
600International exhibitions
341International law
272Intolerance
143Intuitive psychology
608Inventions
592Invertebrates
562Invertebrates paleontology
949Ionian Islands
182Ionic philosophy
977Iowa
495Iranian languages
895Iranian literature
941Ireland
283Irish church
496Irish language
624Iron, bridges
672Iron, manufacture
549, 669Iron, mineral
359, 699Iron-clad ships
631Irrigation
450Italian language
850Italian literature
755Italian painting
195Italian philosophy
734, 735Italian sculpture
945Italy

363, 944Jacobins
979Jamaica
282Jansenism
952Japan
499Japanese language
698Japanning
992Java
819, 829, 839, etc.Jests
266, 282Jesuit missions
271, 282Jesuits
232Jesus

646, 671Jewelry
933Jews, history
226John
694Joinery
50Journalism
296Judaism
237Judgment and future state
329Junius letters
340Jurisprudence
342Jury
234Justification

968Kafirs
536Kaleidoscope
977Kansas
193, 142Kant's philosophy
936Keltic, ancient history
496Keltic, language
896Keltic, literature

976Kentucky
372Kindergarten
531Kinematics
641Kitchen
322Knighthood
297Koran

331Labor
331Laboring classes
972Labrador
677Lace-making
714Lakes, artificial
622Land surveying
333Landlord and tenant
710Landscape gardening
758Landscape painting
778Landscape photographs
400Language
947, 948Lapland
488Latin commentaries
470Latin language
470Latin literary history
870Latin literature
479Latin medieval
488Latin texts, with notes
870Latin texts, without notes
870Latin translations
648Laundry
340Law
341Law of nations
712Lawns
923Lawyers' lives
549, 671Lead
675Leather
815, 825, 835, etc.Lectures
291-293Legends
133Legerdemain
343, 328Legislation
328Legislative annals
343Legitimacy
244Lent
595Lepidoptera
816Letter writing
816Letters
Letters--
826    English
846    French
836    German
886    Greek
856    Italian
876    Latin
866    Spanish
956, 962Levant
622Levelling
222Leviticus
413, 423, 433, etc.Lexicons
345Libel
324Liberty
324Liberty of press

19Libraries
17, 18Library catalogues
19Library economy
19Library history and report
582Lichens
218, 237Life, future
368Life insurance
535Light
656, 627Light-houses
537Lightning
644Lights and fuel
765Line engraving
400Linguistics
663Liquors
244Litany
824, 834, 844, etc.Literary criticism
819    miscellany
829    English
849    French
839    German
859    Italian
869    Spanish
343    property
800Literature
928Literature, biography of
870, 880, 488-498Literature, classical
810Literature, treatises
763Lithography
552Lithology
444Liturgies
192, 145Locke
683Locks and keys
621Locomotives
514Logarithms
514Logarithms tables
160Logic
312Longevity
265Lord's Supper
943, 944Lorraine
175Lotteries
976Louisiana
949Low countries
439Low Dutch
226Luke
132Lunacy
361Lunatic asylums
616Lung diseases
289Lutherans
811, 821, 831, etc.Lyric poetry
884Lyric poetry Greek
874Lyric poetry Latin

819, 829, etc.Macaronics
768Machine engraving
621Machinery
969Madagascar
132Madness
50, 105, 205, etc.Magazines
133Magic
538Magnetism
134Magnetism, animal
943Magyars
297Mahometanism
383Mails
974Maine
614Malaria
499Malayan language
991Malaysia
663Malt
949Malta
962Mamelukes
599Mammalia
569Mammalia, palaeontology
233Man, doctrine of
390Man, ethnography
573Man, natural history of
132Maniacs
390Manners and customs
579Manuals, collectors'
670Manufactures
631Manures
13, 21Manuscripts
910Maps
524Maps, astronomical
673Marble manufacture
731Marbles
699Marine architecture
368Marine insurance
346Marine law
390Marriage, customs
173Marriage, ethics
346Maritime law
226Mark
347Martial law
272Martyrs
976Maryland
326Mason &Dixon's lin
693Masonry
366Masonry, Free
974Massachusetts
615Materia medica
146Materialist
691Materials, building
136, 618Maternity
744Mathematical drawing
629Mathematical instruments
514Mathematical tables
510Mathematics
226Matthew
718Mausoleums
819, 829, 839, etc.Maxims
616Measles
389Measures and weights
744Mechanical drawing
621Mechanical engineering
680Mechanical trades
531Mechanics
606Mechanics' associations
737Medals
723Mediæval architecture
392Mediæval customs, costumes
747Mediæval design
940-999Mediæval history with modern
479Mediæval Latin
734Mediæval sculpture
615Medical botany
343Medical jurisprudence
610Medicine
619Medicine, veterinary
242Meditations, theology
786Melodeons
781Melody
920Memoirs
154Memory
612Mensuration
132Mental derangement
150Mental faculties
131Mental hygiene
140-150Mental philosophy
131Mental physiology
134Mesmerism
232Messiah
671Metal manufactures
669Metallurgy
110Metaphysics
551Meteorology
287Methodism

112Methodology
371Methods of education
389Metric system
389Metrology
973, 978Mexican war
978Mexico
776Mezzotint
977Michigan
578Microscopy
Middle ages, history, see special countries.
975Middle States
618Midwifery
355-359Military and naval arts
623    engineering
347    law
355    science
355Militia
637Milk
236Millennium
646Millinery
677, 678Mills, cot., woolen, etc.
676    paper
621Mill-work
150Mind
615Mineral waters
549Mineralogy
628Mines, mining, engineering
757Miniatures
250Ministers
922Ministers lives
977Minnesota
811, 821, 831, etc.Minstrel
231Miracles
819Miscellany, literary
829    English
849    French
839    German
859    Italian
869    Spanish
266Missions
267Missions, foreign
976Mississippi
977Missouri
154Mnemonics
731Modeling
724Modern architecture
393-399Modern costumes, customs
748Modern designs
9l3-9l9Modern geography
489Modern Greek
940-999Modern history
190Modern philosophy
735Modern sculpture
297Mohammedanism
539Molecular physics
594Mollusca
564    paleontology
323Monarchic institutions
271Monasteries
271Monastic orders
332Money
499Mongolian language
359, 699Monitors, iron-clads
745-748Monograms
331Monopolies
977Montana
718Monuments
523Moon
170Moral philosophy
289Moravians
266Moravian missions
949Morea
693Mortar
312Mortality
343Mortgages
298Mormonism
964Morocco
581Morphology
751Mosaic painting
297Moslems
979Mosquitia
582Mosses
173Mothers
595, 646Moths
721Mouldings
342Municipal government
361Mutual aid societies
780Music
781Musical composition
927Musicians
133Mysteries
289Mysticism
291Mythology, comparative
292Mythology, Greek &Roman
293Mythology, Norse

929Names
615Narcotics
390National costumes
390National customs
550-590Natural history
530Natural philosophy
500Natural science
575Natural selection
210Natural theology
343, 325Naturalization
500Nature
699Naval architecture
359Naval science
359Navies
527, 656Navigation
346Navigation laws
977Nebraska
133Necromancers
646, 793Needle-work
573, 326Negroes
323Nepotism
281Nestorians
949Netherlands
595Neuroptera
341Neutrals
977Nevada
972New Brunswick
974New England
986New Granada
995New Guinea
974New Hampshire
975New Jersey
977New Mexico
186New Platonists, philosophy
225New Testament
975New York

971Newfoundland
50Newspapers
979Nicaragua
322Nobility
290Non-Christian religions
371Normal schools
942-946Norman conquest
944Normandy
498Norse
961North Africa
970North America
578North America botany
397North America customs & costumes
277North America ecclesiastical history
917North America, geography
557North America, geology
970North America, history
317North America, statistics
917North America, travels
976North Carolina
948Northmen
948Norway
616Nosology
972Nova Scotia
813Novels
823    English
843    French
833    German
853    Italian
863    Spanish
962Nubia
222Numbers, book of
374Numismatics
362Nunneries
649Nursery

371Object teaching
525Observations, astronomical
618Obstetrics
387, 656Ocean transportation
990Oceanica
589    botany
399    customs and costumes
279    ecclesiastical history
919    geography
559    geology
990    history
319    statistics
919    travels
366Odd Fellows
611, 617Odontology
977Ohio
449Old French
221Old Testament
664Oil manufacture
751Oil painting
111Ontology
782Operas
615Opium
535Optics
133Oracles
783Oratorios
815Oratory
825    English
845    French
835    German
885    Greek
855    Italian
875    Latin
329    political

251    sacred
865    Spanish
634Orchards
722-724Orders of architecture
257Ordination sermons
355, 683Ordnance
977Oregon
786Organ
547Organic chemistry
562Organic remains
722Oriental architecture
281Oriental church
490Oriental languages
181Oriental philosophy
400Origin of language
583Ornamental botany
745Ornamental design
745Ornamental work
598Ornithology
361Orphans
411, 421, 431, etc.Orthoepy
411Orthography, comparative
421    English
441    French
431    German
481    Greek
451    Italian
471    Latin
461    Spanish
949, 956Ottoman empire
796-799Out-door sports
378Oxford University
594, 641Oysters

290Paganism
927Painters' lives
750, 698Painting
560Palæontology
956Palestine
212Pantheism
147Pantheistic psychology
282Papacy
698Paper-hanging
676Paper manufacture
332Paper money
995Papua
989Paraguay
10Parchment
173Parent and child
343Parish law
711Parks, public
324Parliament
348Parliamentary law
598Parrots
295Parseeism
343Partnership
618Parturition
157Passions
250Pastoral theology
989Patagonia
608Patents
616Pathology
321Patriarchal institutions
172Patriotism
189Patristic philosophy
177Patronage
339Pauperism
334Pawnbroking
172Peace and war
634Pears
644Peat
264Pedobaptism
322Peerage
938, 949Peloponnesus
345Penal law
244Penance
946Peninsular war
365Penitentiaries
652Penmanship
975Pennsylvania
222Pentateuch
152Perception
289Perfectionists
660, 646Perfumery
Periodicals, see special subjects.
705    fine arts
50    general
905    history
805    literature
505    natural science
405    philology
105    philosophy
505    science
305    sociology
205    theology
605    useful arts
531Perpetual motion
272Persecutions
935Persia, ancient history
955Persia, modern history
495Persian language
342Personal liberty
342Personal property
342Personal rights
742Perspective
985Peru
632Pests, agricultural
560Petrifaction
549, 665Petroleum
615Pharmacopoeias
615Pharmacy
366Phi Beta Kappa
400Philology
924    biography of
100Philosophy
180Philosophy ancient
921    biography of
180, 888    Greek
878    Latin
150    mental
190    modern
170    moral
530    natural
701    of art
901    history
401    language
801    literature
501    science
301    sociology
201    religion
601    useful arts
939Phoenicia
493Phoenician language
653Phonetic short-hand
421Phonetic spelling
653Phonography
414Phonology
771Photographic chemistry
773Photographs
770Photography
775Photo-lithography
Phrase-books, see Language.
139Phrenology
616Phthisis
613Physical education
551Physical geography
530Physics
539Physics molecular
138Physiognomy
551Physiography
612Physiology
591Physiology comparative
131Physiology, mental
581Physiology, vegetable
786Piano-forte
759Picture galleries
945Piedmont
636Pig
345Piracy
639Pisciculture
616, 614Plague
523Planets
692Plans for building
580Plants
716    landscape gardening
561    paleontology
184Platonic philosophy
186Platonists, new
795Playing cards
812, 792Plays, see Drama
349Pleading
696Plumbing
521Plurality of worlds
533Pneumatics
150Pneumatology
223Poetical books of Bible
811Poetry
821    English
841    French
831    German
881    Greek

851    Italian
871    Latin
861    Spanish
928Poets, lives
615Poisons
949Poland
919Polar Regions, geography
998, 999Polar seas
354Police
497Polish language
177Politeness
363Political associations
330Political economy
329Political essays
363Political institutions
320Political science
256Political sermons
329Political speeches
262Polity, ecclesiastical
173, 345Polygamy
40Polygraphy
589Polynesia, botany
399    customs and costumes
279    ecclesiastical history
919    geography
559    geology
996    history
499    languages
319    statistics
919    travels
593Polyps
290Polytheism
634Pomology
714Ponds, artificial
339Poor
343Poor laws
282Popery
312Population
738Porcelain
757Portrait painting
777Portraits, photographs
946Portugal
469Portuguese language
860Portuguese literature
146Positivism
383Postage-stamps
383Post-offices
635Potato
673Pottery
673Pottery manufacture
636Poultry
662, 355Powder
522Practical astronomy
240Practical theology
25Practical sermons
615Practice of medicine
217Prayer
247Prayer-meetings
250Preaching and preachers
343Precedents
549Precious metals
231Predestination
618Pregnancy
571Pre-historic archæology
284Presbyterians
615Prescriptions
324Press, liberty of
571Primeval man
270Primitive Christianity
322Primogeniture
655Printing
769Prints
365Prison associations
365Prisons
712Private grounds
248Private worship
341Privateers
519Probabilities
338Production
633Productions of the soil
312Progress of civilization
313Progress of population
28Prohibited books
178Prohibition
358, 531Projectiles
744Projection
343Promissory notes
411, 421, 431, etc.Pronunciation
331Property
342, 343Property law
336Property tax
231Prophecy
224Prophetical books of Bible
485Prose composition, Greek
475Prose composition, Latin
416Prosody, comparative
426    English
446    French
436    German
486    Greek
456    Italian
476    Latin
466    Spanish
618, 176Prostitution
337Protection
283Protestant episcopal
283-289Protestantism
282Protestantism and Romanism
576Protoplasm
593Protozoa
563    paleontology
449Provençal language
819Proverbs, and quotations
223Proverbs, Bible
2l4Providence
427, 437, etc.Provincialisms
634, 715Pruning
943Prussia
223Psalms
14Pseudonyms
140Psychology
336Public accounts
725Public buildings
361Public charities
328Public documents
370Public education
336Public funds
614Public health
390Public houses
353Public lands
360Public meetings
378Public schools
815Public speaking
246Public worship
250Pulpit oratory
532Pumps
421Punctuation, English
345Punishment
277, 289Puritans
244, 283Puseyism
599Pygmies
916, 932Pyramids
549Pyrites
662Pyrotechnics
186Pyrrhonism
182Pythagorean philosophy

599Quadrumana
599Quadrupeds
289Quakers
544Qualitative analysis

545Quantitative analysis
614Quarantine
518Quaternions
819, 829, etc.Quotations

798Race-horse
572Races, history
798Racing
593Radiates
563Radiates paleontology
625Railroad engineering
621Railroad locomotives
385Railroads
343Railways, laws of
551Rain
322Rank
211, 155Rationalism
418, 428, 438, etc.Readers
815Reading, art of
15, 16Reading courses
374Reading for self-education
374Real estate
374Reason
973Rebellion, Southern
640Recipe books
790Recreation
274Reformation
364Reformatory associations
364Reformatory institutions
289Reformed church
234Regeneration
613Regimen
355Regulations of armies
359Regulations of navies
215Religion and science
255Religion and sermons
290Religions, Non-Christian
249Religious anecdotes
362Religious associations
922Religious biography
377Religious education
249Religious fiction
362Religious institutions
271Religious orders
201Religious philosophy
560Remains
333Rents
234, 241Repentance
598Reptiles
568Reptiles paleontology
324Republican institutions
691Resistance of materials
236Resurrection
237Retribution
231Revealed religion
231Revelation

336Revenue
Reviews, see Periodicals
269Revivals
973Revolution, American
944Revolution, French
815Rhetoric
251Rhetoric sacred
974Rhode Island
582Rhododendron
819, 829, etc.Riddles
798Riding
341Right of search
342Rights and liberties
343Riots
244Ritualism
387River transportation
551Rivers
625Roads
557, 917Rocky mountains
599Rodentia
937Roman antiquities
722Roman architecture
282Roman Catholics
937Roman history, ancient
945Roman history, modern
870Roman literature
348Roman law
292Roman mythology
733Roman sculpture
813Romance
823    English
843    French
833    German
853    Italian
249    Religious
863    Spanish
440-469Romanic languages
459Romansh language
937Rome, ancient
945Rome, modern
282Romish church
677Rope-making
797Rowing
675Rubber manufactures
599Ruminants
728Rural architecture
796Rural sports
947Russia
977Russian America
497Russian language

289Sabbatarians
263Sabbath
263Sabbath reform
268Sabbath schools
264Sacrament of baptism
265Sacrament of Lord's Supper
922Sacred biography
251Sacred rhetoric
221Sacrifices
685Saddlery
387Sailors
979St. Domingo
17, 18Sale catalogues of books
664Salt manufacture
234Salvation
997Sandwich Islands
364Sanitary commissions
361Sanitary commissions U.S.
614Sanitary measures
494Sanskrit language
945Sardinia
235Satan
817Satire
827    English
847    French
837    German
857    Italian
877    Latin
867    Spanish
332Savings banks
429Saxon language
943Saxons
948Scandinavia
498Scandinavian language
898Scandinavian literature
211Scepticism
198Scholastic philosophy
378Schools
268Schools Sunday
727School architecture
727School houses
707Schools of art
753-756Schools of painting
193Schopenhauer's philosophy
943Schleswig-Holstein
500Science, Natural
925    biography of
506Scientific societies
508Scientific travels
941Scotland
496Scotch language
192Scotch philosophy
220Scriptures
616Scrofulous diseases
730Sculpture
927Sculptors' lives
656, 527Seamanship
342Secession
236Second advent
133Second sight
366Secret societies
280Sects, Christian
377Secular education
374Self-culture
374Self-education
493Semitic languages
893Semitic literature
152Sensation
145Sensational psychology
152Sense
718Sepulchres
614Sepulture
252-259Sermons
598Serpents
647Servants
949Servia
614Sewerage
687Sewing
687Sewing machine
376Sex in education
176Sexual ethics
618Sexual science
136Sexes
744Shades and shadows
289Shakers
822Shakesperiana
636Sheep
594Shells
564Shells fossil
493Shemitic languages
699Ship-building
626, 387Ship-canals
346Shipping laws
685, 675Shoemaking
799Shooting
653Short-hand
716Shrubbery
959Siam
957Siberia
945Sicily
649Sick-room
355, 623Sieges
536Sight
613Sight hygiene
654Signals
698Sign painting
638Silk culture
677Silk manufacture
638, 595Silk worm
549Silver metal
628Silver mines
332Silver money
233Sin
784Singing
362Sisters of Mercy
796Skating
211Skepticism
616Skin diseases
941Skye
177, 345Slander
427, 437, etc.Slang
695Slating
326Slavery
497Slavic language
897Slavic literature
135Sleep
135Sleep walking
616, 614Small-pox
664Soap-making
177Social ethics
300Social science
247Social worship
335Socialisms
706Societies, fine arts
60Societies, general
906Societies, history

806Societies, literature
506Societies, natural science
406Societies, philology
106Societies, philosophy
506Societies, science
366Societies, secret
306Societies, sociology
206Societies, theology
606Societies, useful arts
177Society
300Sociology
923Sociology biography of
183Socratic philosophy
631Soils
523Solar system
355Soldiers
135Somnambulism
784Songs
811, 821, etc.Sonnets
183Sophist philosophy
133Sorcery
233Soul
534Sound
968South Africa
586    botany
916    geography
980South America
588    botany
398    customs and costumes
278    ecclesiastical history
918    geography
558    geology
980    history
318    statistics
918    travels
976South Carolina
999South seas
976Southern States
946Spain
460Spanish language
860Spanish literature
196Spanish philosophy
332Specie payment
692Specifications for building
133Specters
535Spectroscope
544Spectrum analysis
Speeches, see Oratory.
521Spherical astronomy
513Spherical geometry
514Spherical trigonometry
595Spiders
147Spinoza's philosophy
133Spiritualism
577Spontaneous generation
796Sports
636Stables
792Stage
745Stained glass
616Stammering
383Stamps
355Standing army
664Starch manufacture
523Stars
320State
172State ethics
328State papers
342State rights
345State trials
923Statesmen, lives
531Statics
311Statistical methods
310Statistics
730Statuary
343Statute law
621Steam-engine
696Steam-fitting
527, 656Steam-navigation
385, 656Steam-transportation
669Steel
762Steel engraving
653Stenography
655Stereotyping
776Stereoscopes and views
616Stethoscope
765Stipple engraving
636Stock, live
333Stocks
188Stoic philosophy
673Stoneware
551Storms
663Stills
355Strategy
634Strawberries
787Stringed instruments
371Study, methods of
616Stuttering
701Sublime and beautiful
384Submarine telegraph
323Succession
324Suffrage
633Sugar-cane
664Sugar manufacture
633Sugar planting
131Suicide
992Sumatra
717Summer-houses
523Sun
992Sunda
268Sunday-schools
133Supernaturalism
133Superstition
617Surgery
929Surnames
622Surveying
157Susceptibility
948Sweden
289Swedenborgians
796Swimming
636Swine
949Switzerland
160Syllogism
219Symbolism
424Synonyms, English
444Synonyms, French
434Synonyms, German
484Synonyms, Greek
454Synonyms, Italian
474Synonyms, Latin
464Synonyms, Spanish
616Syphilis
956Syria
493Syriac language
493Syro-Chaldaic
582Systematic botany

791Tableaux
643Tables, dining
514Tables, mathematical
653Tachygraphy
355Tactics
687Tailoring
653Takigrafy
Tales, see Romance.
296Talmud
675Tanning
337Tariffs
951, 959Tartary
701Taste and criticism
336Taxation
579Taxidermy
633Tea cultivation
371Teachers and teaching
660Technology, chemical
611, 617Teeth
978Tehuantepec
384Telegraph
654Telegraphy
535, 522Telescope
137Temperaments
178Temperance
551, 536Temperature
366Templars
976Tennessee
594Testacea
225Testament, New
221Testament, Old
349Testamentary law
349Testimony
976Texas
677Textile fabrics
418Texts, comparative
428Texts, English
448Texts, French
438Texts, German
488Texts, Greek, with notes
880Texts, Greek, without notes
458Texts, Italian
478Texts, Latin, with notes
870Texts, Latin, without notes
468Texts, Spanish
244Thanksgiving
Theater, see Drama.
175Theater, ethics
792Theaters
792Theatricals
345Theft
211Theism
231, 214Theodicy
230Theological doctrine
204Theological essays
200Theology
922Theology biography of
240Theology devotional
210Theology natural
240Theology practical
521Theoretical astronomy
541Theoretical chemistry

171Theoretical ethics
615Therapeutics
951Thibet
283Thirty-nine articles
615Thomsonianism
153Thought
616Throat diseases
537Thunder
521Tides
695Tiling
691Timber
671Tin manufacture
549Tin mineral
336Tithes
615, 178, 633Tobacco
646Toilet
336Tolls
718Tombs
622Topographical engineering
910Topography
178Total abstinence
615Toxicology
244, 283Tractarianism
362Tract society
380Trade
608Trade marks
680Trades, mechanic
367, 606, 331Trades, unions
Tragedies, see Drama.
106, 206, 306, etc.Transactions
142Transcendentalism
880Translation, Greek authors
870Translation, Latin authors
380, 656, 345Transportation
282Transubstantiation
943Transylvania
639Trapping
910Travels
508Travels scientific
345Treason
352Treasury
580Trees
715Trees, ornamental
345Trespass
340Trials
514Trigonometry
565Trilobites
232Trinity
449, 841Troubadours
685Trunk-making
344Trusts and trustees
499Tungusic language
625Tunnels
949Turkey
956Turkey in Asia
613Turkish baths
499Turkish language
674Turning
945Tuscany
671Type founding
655Typography
943Tyrol

153Understanding
355Uniforms
288Unitarians
324, 973United States
587    botany
397    customs and costumes
277    ecclesiastical history
917    geography
557    geology
973    history
317    statistics
917    travels

909Universal History
408Universal language
288Universalism
378Universities
373University education
645Upholstering
989Uruguay
600Useful arts
926    biography of
334Usury
977Utah

738Vases
272, 949Vaudois
581Vegetable physiology
615Vegetable practice
635Vegetables
613Vegetarianism
616Venereal diseases
987Venezuela
945Venice
697Ventilation
133Ventriloquism
974Vermont
811Versification
596Vertebrates

566Vertebrates paleontology
619Veterinary medicine
728Villas
787Violin
976Virginia
170Virtue
535Vision
135Visions and dreams
576, 612Vital principle
784, 815Vocal culture
784Vocal music
784Voice
553Volcanoes
910Voyages

331Wages
135Wakefulness
272, 945Waldenses
942Wales
713Walks
459Wallachian language
172War ethics
355-359War science
380Warehouses
697Warming
648Washing
977Washington territory
681Watch-making
714Water, artificial ponds, etc.
751Water colors
615Water cure
531, 621Water wheels
628Water works
613Watering-places
745Wax flowers
331Wealth
551Weather
677Weaving
389Weights and measures
496Welsh language
979West Indies

976West Virginia
977Western States
599Whale
639Whale fisheries
633Wheat
324Whigs
323Whigs English
795Whist
159Will
343Wills
788Wind instruments
663Wine
977Wisconsin
819, 829, 839, etc.Wit
133Witchcraft
376Woman, education
324Woman, suffrage
761Wood engraving
674Wood manufactures
636Wool
677Wool manufactures
331Working classes
246-248Worship
651Writing
653Writing short-hand

655Xylography

797Yachting
313Year books

616Yellow fever
362Young men's association

295Zend
295Zend Avesta
521Zodiac

590Zoölogy
593Zoöphytes
295Zoroaster

EXPLANATIONS

The titles of the subject catalogue are exact transcriptions of the title page, neither amended, translated, or in any way altered, except that mottoes, titles of authors, repetitions, or matter of any kind not essential to a clear titular description, are omitted. Omissions of mottoes are indicated by three stars (* * *); of other matter by three dots (...). The phraseology, spelling, and punctuation of the title are exactly copied; but capitals are given only to proper names and adjectives, and initial words of sentences. Any additions needed to make the title clear are supplied and enclosed by brackets.

After the titles, are given in order: the place of publication; the year; the year of copyright, if different, in brackets; the edition; the number of volumes, or of pages if in only one volume; the illustrations, maps, plates, or portraits; and the size nearest in the arbitrary scale, regardless of the fold of the sheet. This scale gives the heights in decimeters. Square and oblong books have the size prefixed by sq. or ob. Books 1 decimeter high are called 32°; 1.5 deci., 16°; 2 deci., 12°; 2.5 deci., 8°; 3 deci., 4°; and all others are marked simply by the nearest height, i.e. a book marked 4 is between 3.5 and 4.5 decimeters high. In books having more than one pagination the number of pages is indicated by giving the last number of each pagination connected by a +; an added + indicates additional matter unpaged.

These imprint entries give the facts regardless of the title page, and are left blank only when they can be ascertained neither from the book itself or other sources.

The contents of volumes are given when on title pages, or when necessary to properly identify the volume, but no analysis is attempted. Necessary notes are given at the bottom of the subject card after the imprint entries.

Duplicates are simply marked copy 2, copy 3, etc., and bear the same class and book number, but editions of the same book distinct in character are catalogued separately.

In all the catalogues, books are entered under the surnames of authors when known; under the initials of author's names, when these only appear, the last initial being put first; under the pseudonyms of the writers, when the real names are not ascertained; under the names of editors of collections; under the names of countries, cities, societies, or other bodies which are responsible for their publication; under the first word not an article of the titles of periodicals and of anonymous books the names of whose authors are not ascertained. Commentaries with the text, and translations are entered under the heading of the original work, but commentaries without the text are entered under the name of the commentator. The Bible or any part of it in any language is entered under the word Bible. Books having more than one author are entered under the first named on the title.

In the headings of titles, the names of authors are given in their vernacular form. In English and French surnames beginning with a prefix (except the French de and d') the name is recorded under the prefix. In other languages and in French names beginning with de and d', the name is recorded under the word following the prefix. Compound surnames are entered under the first part of the name. Noblemen and ecclesiastical dignitaries are entered under their family names, but sovereigns, princes, oriental writers, friars, persons canonized, and all other persons known only by their first name, are entered under this first name.

The catalogue is not a biographical dictionary, so only gives the names of authors with sufficient fullness to distinguish them from each other in practical use.

Names in full face type are the ruling headings under which the books are entered in the various catalogues. Entries not beginning with this type are in addition to the first or main entry, and are made under the names of translators, editors, commentators, continuators, etc., as participators in the authorship; also in the case of books having more than one author, or having both generic and specific titles, or published by societies or other bodies, and having also the name of the individual author. These additional entries are made in order to carry out the plan of the Authors' Catalogue, which aims to give under each author's name all his works which the library contains.

The works of an author known by more than one name are given all together, under the form of name chosen. Any other name or title by which he may be known, if it differs in the first three letters, is entered in its alphabetical place, followed by the word see and the name under which the books are entered. Such cross references have no titles given under them, but are simply guides to the name chosen.

A single dash indicates the omission of the preceding heading; a subsequent dash indicates the omission of a subordinate heading or of a title. A dash connecting numbers signifies to and including; following a number it signifies continuation. A ? following a word or entry signifies probably. Brackets enclose words added to titles or changed in form.

The German diphthongs ä, ö, ü are written, ae, oe, ue.

Dates are all given in years of the common calendar, and Arabic numerals are uniformly used for all numbers.

SUBJECT CATALOGUE

The Subject Catalogue on large cards can be used to advantage only with the aid of the Classification or Index. To find what the library has on any given subject, get from the Index the class number of that subject. Under this number in the Subject Catalogue will be found the full titles of the books, with imprints, cross references, and notes. The class number, by which the cards are arranged, is given in the upper left corner and immediately under it is the book number. Any other class number given in the left hand margin refers to another subject of which the book also treats. When the class number at the top is followed by an additional figure in brackets, the subject as given in the printed scheme has been subdivided in arranging the cards. This subdivision will be found on the first card of the catalogue which bears this class number. These figures in brackets determine the arrangement of the titles in the Catalogue, but on the shelves, in the Shelf Catalogue, and in calling for and charging books, they are entirely disregarded. Thus a book numbered 942(7).14 would be in the Catalogue among the 942 cards arranged by the figure in brackets as though it were a decimal, but it would be called for as 942.14, the brackets indicating that the final classing was limited to the Catalogue and was not extended to the shelves. If a fourth figure is added without brackets, the final classing is extended to the shelves as well as to the catalogue, and all the figures must be used in calling for the book. In such cases the added figure is treated as a decimal in the arrangement, though the decimal point is not written.

The last card which bears any class number, gives under that number, followed by the word SEE the call numbers of other books which treat of the same subject, but are classed elsewhere. General cross references are also made in many cases without specifying individual books, as from Commerce as a question of SOCIAL SCIENCE (380) to Commerce as a USEFUL ART, Book-keeping Business Manuals, etc. (650). In such cases there is a card under 380 marked SEE 650, and under 650 there is a card marked SEE 380. From whatever stand-point a subject is approached, the cross references guide at once to the same subject treated in its other relations. These cross references both general and specific are often accompanied by brief notes, characterizing the books to which reference is made.

There will be found at the beginning of many class numbers, a card noting the most reliable books on that subject, and the best of the articles in periodicals, transactions, and collected works with the volume and page where they may be found. It is hoped to give special prominence to these notes for the guidance of readers, and they will be added as rapidly as other duties allow.

Many subjects will have no sub-section cards at the beginning; some will have no reference cards at the end; and some may have no titles given under the number. The scheme provides a place for books on all subjects, whether the library has them or not, so where no titles are given under a class number it shows that the library has as yet no books on that subject.

Articles in periodicals and transactions, separate volumes of sets and collections which are located together, if catalogued are put under their proper subject number, but no book number is given with it. The call number of the book, where they may be found, is always given in the margin preceded by the word IN. In the same way special chapters in books will sometimes be catalogued, e.g. a card marked 338 IN 331-27, would mean that in the 27 books on 331, Capital and Labor, there was a chapter on 338, Production.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CLASSIFICATION AND SUBJECT INDEX FOR CATALOGUING AND ARRANGING THE BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS OF A LIBRARY ***

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