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Title: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh Debate Index

Author: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH DEBATE INDEX ***

CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH

DEBATE INDEX

SECOND EDITION

PITTSBURGH
CARNEGIE LIBRARY
1912

Preface to the Second Edition

This index was begun as a card index to the debaters' manuals in the Reference Department of this Library. The increasing number of such manuals and the frequent requests for material on debates made it seem desirable to combine in one list the indexes to all the manuals, thus bringing references to all the material on one subject together and saving the time required to consult the index of each book. The card index has been so useful here that it has been printed, in the hope that it may also be useful elsewhere. Under each subject are given the proposition for debate, page references to the manuals, and a note indicating the material to be found there, whether briefs, references, specimen debates or synopses of debates.

The "Debates" of this Library, included in the list of books indexed, is a loose-leaf book containing briefs and references copied from various sources or supplementing lists to be found elsewhere. The Carnegie Library "Reference lists" referred to are less complete manuscript lists compiled in response to requests.

One hundred new references have been added in this edition. Twenty-four of these are on new topics and seventy-six are additional references on topics included in the first edition. New cross references have also been included when necessary. The new books indexed are Robbins's "High school debate book," the "Debaters' handbook series" and the new edition of Askew's "Pros and cons," also the numbers of the "Speaker" and of the "Bulletin" of the University of Wisconsin issued in the sixteen months since the first edition of this index was published.

November 1, 1912.

Debate Index

Books Indexed

Alden, Raymond Macdonald.
808.5 A35

*Art of debate. 1900.

Bibliography, p. 8.

The same. 1900.
r 808.5 A35

Based largely on material originally prepared for students of argumentation at Harvard University and the University of Pennsylvania.

Askew, John Bertram.
r 028 A83

Pros and cons; a newspaper reader's and debater's guide to the leading controversies of the day, political, social, religious, etc.; ed. by A.M. Hyamson. 1906.

The same; rewritten and enlarged by W.T.S. Sonnenschein. [1911.]
r 028 A83a

Arranged in dictionary form, giving concisely the opposing arguments on each question. The edition of 1911 contains briefs on more than 20 new subjects, while a number of topics no longer of living interest have been dropped.

Brookings, Walter DuBois, & Ringwalt, R.C. ed.
028 B77

*Briefs for debate on current political, economic and social topics. 1906.

"Bibliography of debating," by A.B. Hart, p. 41-47.

The same. 1896.
r 028 B77

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.

Debates. 3v.

Type-written book of references.

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.

Reference lists.

Manuscript lists.

Craig, Asa H.
028 C86

*Pros and cons; complete debates, important questions fully discussed in the affirmative and the negative, with by-laws and parliamentary rules for conducting debating societies, and with a list of interesting topics for debate. 1897.

The same.
r 028 C86

Debaters' handbook series.

†no. 1. Beman, L.T. comp. Selected articles on the compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes. 1911.
r 331.3 B42

no. 2. Bullock, E.D. comp. Selected articles on child labor. 1911.
r 331.3 B87

no. 3. Bullock, E.D. comp. Selected articles on the employment of women. 1911.
r 331.4 B87

no. 4. Fanning, C.E. comp. Selected articles on capital punishment. 1909.
r 343.2 F21

no. 5. Fanning, C.E. comp. Selected articles on direct primaries. 1911.
r 324 F21

no. 6. Fanning, C.E. comp. Selected articles on the election of United States senators. 1909.
r 324 F21s

no. 7. Fanning, C.E. comp. Selected articles on the enlargement of the United States navy. 1910.
r 359 F21a

no. 8. Morgan, J.E. & Bullock, E.D. comp. Selected articles on municipal ownership. 1911.
r 352 M89

no. 9. Phelps, E.M. comp. Selected articles on federal control of interstate corporations. 1911.
r 351.8 P48

no. 10. Phelps, E.M. comp. Selected articles on the income tax. 1911.
r 336.2 P48

no. 11. Phelps, E.M. comp. Selected articles on the initiative and referendum. 1911.
r 321.8 P48

no. 12. Phelps, E.M. comp. Selected articles on the parcels post. 1911.
r 383 P48

no. 13. Phelps, E.M. comp. Selected articles on woman suffrage. 1910.
r 324.3 P48

no. 14. Robbins, E.C. comp. Selected articles on a central bank of the United States. 1910.
r 332.11 R53

no. 15. Robbins, E.C. comp. Selected articles on the commission plan of municipal government. 1909.
r 352 R53

no. 16. Robbins, E.C. comp. Selected articles on the open versus closed shop. 1911.
r 331.88 R53

Duplicate copies of this series may be borrowed for home use from the Lending Department.

Denney, Joseph Villiers, and others.
808.5 D43

Argumentation and debate. 1910.

The same.
r 808.5 D43

Presents briefly and clearly the theory of argumentation and furnishes a sufficient number of complete debates for a thorough course in analysis and briefing. The selections are taken from great debates on critical issues of American history, politics and law.

Foster, William Trufant.
808.5 F81

*Argumentation and debating. 1908.

The same. 1908.
r 808.5 F81

One of the most satisfactory books in this field. It is not an academic formulation of principles, but an inside view of the art presented by one conversant with all its difficulties and delights. A copious appendix gives specimens of analysis, briefs, material for briefing, a forensic, and a complete specimen debate, a model for instruction to judges and for the formation of a debating league, together with 275 debatable propositions. Condensed from Nation, 1908.

Gibson, Laurence M.
r 028 G37

*Handbook for literary and debating societies. 1898.

The same. 1909.
r 028 G37a

Matson, Henry.
r 028 M47

References for literary workers. 1893.

Pattee, George Kynett.
808.5 P31

*Practical argumentation. 1909.

The same.
r 808.5 P31

Aims to restore argumentation to its proper rank as a form of English composition. Includes a number of suggestions on debating.

Pearson, Paul Martin, ed.
028 P35

*Intercollegiate debates; briefs and reports of many intercollegiate debates: Harvard-Yale-Princeton, Brown-Dartmouth-Williams, Michigan-Northwestern-Chicago, Indiana-Illinois-Ohio, and many others, with an introduction. 1909.

The same.
r 028 P35

Ringwalt, Ralph Curtis.
028 R47

Briefs on public questions, with selected lists of references. 1906.

The same. 1905.
r 028 R47

Series of argumentative briefs and lists of references on 25 important public

questions of the day, political, sociological and economic.

Robbins Edwin Clyde, comp.
028 R53

High school debate book. 1911.

The same. 1911.
r 028 R53

Rowton, Frederic.
r 028 R81

*How to conduct a debate; a series of complete debates, outlines of debates and questions for discussion, with references to the best sources of information on each particular topic; revised by W. Taylor.

Speaker [quarterly]. v. 1-v. 7, no. 4. (Whole no. 1-28.) 1905-12.
808.8 S741

Thomas, Ralph Wilmer.
808.5 T37

*Manual of debate. 1910.

The same. 1910.
r 808.5 T37

Wisconsin University—Department of debating and public discussion.
r 378.1 W81

Bulletin, March 1908-Nov. 1911. 1908-11.

Issued irregularly.

Included in the Bulletins of the University Extension Division.

* Contains list of propositions for debate.

† These numbers have been assigned arbitrarily for convenience in reference.

Topics

Absenteeism.

Askew, 1906, p. 1: Briefs and references.

Addison and Montaigne. See Montaigne and Addison.

Adult suffrage. See Suffrage.

Adulteration of food. See Food adulteration.

Advertising.

Public control of advertising. Askew, 1906, p. 3: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 4: Briefs.

Advowsons, Sale of.

Askew, 1906, p. 4: Briefs and references.

Æneid and Iliad. See Iliad and Æneid.

Agassiz and Darwin. See Darwin and Agassiz.

Age pensions. See Old age pensions.

Agricultural banks. See Banks, Agricultural.

Agriculture.

Agricultural depression; should remedies be sought? Askew, 1906, p. 6: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 7: Briefs.

Thorough (or deep) cultivation. Askew, 1906, p. 208: Briefs.

Alexander the Great and Cæsar.

Was the life of Alexander the Great more influential on contemporaneous and subsequent history than the life of Julius Cæsar? Matson, p. 32: Briefs and references.

Alexander the Great and Hannibal.

Who was the greater general, Hannibal or Alexander? Rowton, p. 214: References.

Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Napoleon.

Which was the greatest hero, Alexander, Cæsar or Bonaparte? Rowton, p. 225: References.

Alfred the Great and Washington.

Was Alfred the Great as great and good as Washington? Matson, p. 112: Briefs and references.

Allotments and small holdings extension.

Askew, 1906, p. 7: Briefs and references.

Alsace-Lorraine.

Should Germany cede Alsace-Lorraine? Askew, 1906, p. 8: Briefs and references.

Ambition.

Is ambition a vice or a virtue? Rowton, p. 210: References.

America. Discovery.

Has the discovery of America been beneficial to the world? Rowton, p. 212: References.

American Protective Association.

The principles of the American Protective Association deserve the support of American citizens. Brookings, p. 19: Briefs and references.

The American revolution and the Civil war.

Was the Revolution an event of United States history more important and influential than the Civil war? Matson, p. 81: Briefs and references.

See also Lincoln and Washington.

Amusements and the church. See Church, The.

Anarchism.

Askew, 1906, p. 11: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 9: Briefs.

Anger.

Is anger a vice or a virtue? Rowton, p. 225: References.

Anglican church. See England, Church of.

Anglo-Japanese alliance.

Askew, 1906, p. 13: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 11: Briefs.

Anglo-Saxon peoples.

America and England; union of the English-speaking race. Askew, 1906, p. 9: Briefs and references.

Animals.

Are brutes endowed with reason? Rowton, p. 192: Briefs and references.

Have animals intelligence? Gibson, p. 19: Briefs and references.

Rights of animals. Askew, 1906, p. 195: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 12: Briefs.

See also Human mind and brute mind.

Anti-trust law, 1890. See Sherman anti-trust law.

Arbitration, Commercial.

Askew, 1906, p. 15: Briefs.

Arbitration, Compulsory industrial.

Boards of arbitration with compulsory powers should be established to settle disputes between employers and wage-earners. Ringwalt, p. 210: Briefs and references.

Capital and labor should be compelled to settle their disputes in legally established courts of arbitration. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 1: Briefs, references, and selected articles.

Compulsory industrial arbitration. Askew, 1906, p. 16: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 13: Briefs.

The government should settle all disputes between capital and labor. Craig, p. 556: Outlines.

Ought arbitration in trade disputes to be enforced by law? Gibson, p. 24: Briefs and references.

State boards of arbitration with compulsory powers should be established throughout the United States to settle industrial disputes between employers and employees. Foster, p. 353: Speech (affirmative).

There should be a national board of arbitration for matters in dispute between employers and employees on inter-state railroads, and this board should be given compulsory powers. Brookings, p. 162: Briefs and references.

Arbitration, International.

Could not arbitration be made a substitute for war? Rowton, p. 224: References.

International arbitration; is it a substitute for war? Askew, 1906, p. 16: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 14: Briefs.

The United States should form a treaty with Great Britain and with France agreeing to arbitrate all disputed questions. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Arctic exploration.

Has Arctic exploration been justified in its results? Matson, p. 412: Briefs and references.

Aristocratic and democratic government.

Askew, 1906, p. 17: Briefs and references.

Aristotle and Plato. See Plato and Aristotle.

Armaments.

Danger of increased armaments. Askew, 1906, p. 114: Briefs and references.

Reduction of national armaments. Askew, 1911, p. 15: Briefs.

See also Disarmament.

Armed intervention.

Armed intervention for the collection of debts. Speaker, v. 2, p. 391: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs.

Armed intervention is not justifiable on the part of any nation to collect in behalf of private individuals financial claims against any American nation. Pearson, p. 223: Synopses and references.

Armenian question.

Armenian question and English intervention. Askew, 1906, p. 18: Briefs and references.

Army (England).

Army short service. Askew, 1906, p. 20: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 16: Briefs.

Compulsory universal service. Askew, 1911, p. 207: Briefs.

See also Conscription.

Army (United States). Increase.

Is it good government for the United States to maintain a standing army greater than is actually necessary to enforce the laws of the country? Craig, p. 520: Speeches.

The United States army should be increased rather than diminished. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The United States army should be increased to one thousand for each million of our population. Thomas, p. 200: Briefs.

Art.

Should not all national works of art be entirely free to the public? Rowton, p. 227: References.

Art, British.

Is British art declining? Gibson, p. 27: Briefs and references.

Art and morality.

Does art, in its principles and works, imply the moral? Is art amenable to an ethical standard? Matson, p. 365: Briefs and references.

Art and religion.

Is the influence of the fine arts favorable to religion? Matson, p. 366: Briefs and references.

Art and science.

Are art and science antagonistic? Is the general prevalence of natural science prejudicial to the cultivation of high art? Matson, p. 362: Briefs and references.

Art unions.

Do the associations entitled "art unions" tend to promote the spread of the fine arts? Rowton, p. 228: References.

Asset currency.

National banks should be permitted to issue notes based on their general assets. Ringwalt, p. 143: Briefs and references.

National banks should be permitted to issue, subject to tax and government supervision, notes based on their general assets. Speaker, v. 3, p. 409: Brief (affirmative).—C. L. of P. Debates: Brief (affirmative).

A system of asset currency, under federal control, should be established in the United States. Pearson, p. 191: Synopses of speeches, and references.

Astronomy and geology.

Does the study of astronomy tend more to expand the mind than the study of geology? Is the study of geology of more practical benefit than the study of astronomy? Matson, p. 261: Briefs and references.

Athanasian creed.

Should the rubric requiring its public recitation be removed? Askew, 1911, p. 17: Briefs.

Atheists.

Are there tribes of atheists? Matson, p. 472: Briefs and references.

Athletics.

Intercollegiate athletics promote the best interests of colleges. Thomas, p. 186: Briefs.

Intercollegiate athletics should be abolished. Speaker, v. 7, p. 295: Brief (negative).

Interscholastic athletic contests are of more value to the participants than literary contests. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Should not practice in athletic games form a part of every system of education? Rowton, p. 229: References.

See also Sport.

Atomic theory.

Does the atomic theory find in science sufficient confirmation to establish its validity? Matson, p. 387: Briefs and references.

Authority (in religion).

Authority as the basis of religious belief. Askew, 1906, p. 21: Briefs and references.

Authors and publishers.

Authors and publishers; are the former inequitably treated? Askew, 1906, p. 22: Briefs.

Automobile license.

Should the federal government license automobile drivers? Foster, p. 351: Analysis.

Bachelors.

Taxation of bachelors. Askew, 1906, p. 23; Askew, 1911, p. 20: Briefs.

Bacon, Francis.

Are the character and career of Lord Bacon, as a whole, indefensible? Was the character of Bacon deserving of the approbation of posterity? Matson, p. 94: Briefs and references.

Bacon and Newton.

Has the philosophy of Bacon contributed more to the progress of physical science than the discoveries of Newton? Matson, p. 379: Briefs and references.

Bacon-Shakespeare question.

Is it probable that Lord Bacon is the real author of the plays attributed to Shakespeare? Matson, p. 300: Briefs and references.

Bakehouse, Municipal. See Municipal ownership.

Balance of power.

Is the so called balance of power the best practicable arrangement for promoting and preserving just and harmonious relations between the European powers? Is the federation of European nations desirable and practicable? Matson, p. 183: Briefs and references.

Ballot.

Abolition of plural voting. Askew, 1911, p. 182: Briefs.

Compulsory voting. Askew, 1906, p. 223: Briefs and references.

One man one vote. Askew, 1906, p. 162: Briefs.

Second ballots. Askew, 1906, p. 198: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 206: Briefs.

Balzac and Hugo.

Is Balzac a greater novelist than Hugo? Matson, p. 339: Briefs and references.

Bank deposits, Guarantee of.

The national government should guarantee the repayment of bank deposits in national banks. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

There should be some legislation providing for the guarantee of bank deposits. Pearson, p. 305: Report of speeches, and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Bank holidays.

Bank holidays by act of Parliament. Askew, 1906, p. 24: Briefs.

Bank-notes.

Bank issues secured by commercial paper are preferable to those secured by bonds. Pearson, p. 1: Speeches and references.

The government tax on state bank-notes should be repealed. Brookings, p. 93: Briefs and references.

Bankrupt law.

Should there be a national bankrupt law? Matson, p. 169: Briefs and references.

Banks, Agricultural.

Askew, 1906, p. 5: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 5: Briefs.

Banks, Central.

Congress should establish a central bank of issue. Pearson, p. 325: Synopses of speeches, and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The federal government should establish a central bank of the United States. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 14: Briefs, references and selected articles.—Robbins, p. 50: Briefs and references.

Banks, National.

National banks should be abolished. Craig, p. 358: Outlined for points only.

Barbarian and civilized man.

Which is the more happy, a barbarian or a civilized man? Gibson, p. 31: Briefs and references.—Rowton, p. 204: Briefs and references.

Beecher and Spurgeon.

Was Beecher a greater preacher than Spurgeon? Matson, p. 525: Briefs and references.

Beethoven and Mozart.

Is Beethoven a greater composer than Mozart? Matson, p. 372: Briefs and references.

Betterment tax.

Betterment. Askew, 1906, p. 24: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 21: Briefs.

Betting.

Are betting and gambling immoral? Gibson, p. 155: Briefs and references.

Bible and geology.

Do modern geological discoveries agree with Holy writ? Rowton, p. 223: References.

Bible in the public schools.

Should the Bible be read, as a religious exercise, in the public schools? Matson, p. 239: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Bicycle tax.

Askew, 1906, p. 26; Askew, 1911, p. 23: Briefs.

Bimetallism.

Askew, 1906, p. 27: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 24: Briefs.

Bimetallism and not protection is the secret of future prosperity. Craig, p. 366: Outlined for points only.

Is the maintenance of a double standard of value in exchanges practicable or desirable? Is the single gold valuation the true economic policy for nations? Matson, p. 206: Briefs and references.

See also Gold (currency).—Silver (currency).

Biography and history. See History and biography.

Bismarck and Gladstone.

Is Bismarck a greater statesman than Gladstone? Matson, p. 101: Briefs and references.

Blasphemy laws; their abolition.

Askew, 1906, p. 30: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 27: Briefs.

Bonaparte Napoleon. See Napoleon.

Booth, William.

General Booth's employment system as outlined in "Darkest England" should be adopted in this country. Brookings, p. 160: Briefs and references.

Boycotting.

Askew, 1906, p. 30; Askew, 1911, p. 28: Briefs.

British art. See Art, British.

British empire. Communication.

Inter-imperial communication. Askew, 1906, p. 123: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 117: Briefs.

British empire. Federation.

British imperial federation. Askew, 1906, p. 108: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 97: Briefs.

Ought our empire to federate? Gibson, p. 96: Briefs and references.

Brown, John.

Was John Brown's raid into Virginia to rescue slaves unjustifiable? Was John Brown's execution justifiable? Should John Brown be regarded as a hero and martyr, or as a fanatic? Matson, p. 129: Briefs and references.

Browning and Tennyson.

Is Browning a greater poet than Tennyson? Matson, p. 317: Briefs and references.

Browning, Mrs, and Eliot, George. See Eliot, George, and Browning, Mrs.

Brussels sugar convention.

Shall the Brussels sugar convention be denounced? Askew, 1906, p. 203: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 222: Briefs.

Brute mind and human mind. See Human mind and brute mind.

Brutus and Cæsar.

Was Brutus justified in killing Cæsar? Rowton, p. 209: References.

Bryant and Longfellow.

Is Bryant a greater poet than Longfellow? Matson, p. 322: Briefs and references.

Buddhism.

Has Buddhism, in its essential principles and spirit, more of truth and good than of error and evil? Is Buddhism more unlike than like Christianity? Matson, p. 473: Briefs and references.

Bunyan and Thomas à Kempis.

Has Bunyan's "Pilgrim's progress" exerted as much influence as Kempis's "Imitation of Christ"? Matson, p. 514: Briefs and references.

Burial, Premature.

Premature burial; are preventive means necessary? Askew, 1906, p. 183; Askew, 1911, p. 185: Briefs.

Burns and Byron. See Byron and Burns.

Byron.

Are Lord Byron's writings moral in their tendency? Rowton, p. 215: References.

Byron and Burns.

Which was the greater poet, Byron or Burns? Rowton, p. 222: References.

Byron and Shelley.

Was Byron a greater poet than Shelley? Matson, p. 312: Briefs and references.

Byron and Wordsworth. See Wordsworth and Byron.

Cabinet government (England).

Government by cabinet. Askew, 1906, p. 31: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 28: Briefs.

Cabinet ministers (United States).

Cabinet ministers ought to have seats and the right to speak in Congress. Brookings, p. 40: Briefs and references.

Members of the president's Cabinet should have the right to be present and speak in the House of representatives. Thomas, p. 164: Briefs and references.

Should members of the Cabinet have seats on the floor of Congress, and a voice in its debates? Matson, p. 157: Brief and references.

Cabinet system and congressional system.

Cabinet system of government is preferable to the congressional system. Brookings, p. 37: Briefs and references.

Cæsar, Alexander the Great, Napoleon. See Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Napoleon.

Cæsar and Alexander the Great. See Alexander the Great and Cæsar.

Cæsar and Brutus. See Brutus and Cæsar.

Calvin and Luther. See Luther and Calvin.

Calvin and Servetus.

Is Calvin's part in procuring the condemnation and death of Servetus deserving of censure? Matson, p. 521: Briefs and references.

Calvin and Wesley.

Has the influence of Wesley in the promotion of religious thought and life been greater than that of Calvin? Matson, p. 519: Briefs and references.

Campaign funds.

All contributions of $100 and over to political parties should be publicly accounted for by the officers receiving them. Thomas, p. 174: Briefs and references.

Canada. Annexation to the United States.

The annexation of Canada by peaceable means would be an economic advantage to the United States. Thomas, p. 206: Briefs.

Canada should be annexed to the United States. Brookings, p. 59: Briefs and references.

Canada; should she join the United States? Askew, 1906, p. 32: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 29: Briefs.

Would the political union of Canada with the United States be a benefit to both countries? Is the commercial union of Canada and the United States desirable? Does it seem likely to be "the manifest destiny" of Canada to become a sovereign and independent republic? Matson, p. 182: Briefs and references.

Canada. Reciprocity with the United States. See Reciprocity. United States and Canada.

Canals. See Government ownership. Canals.—Nicaragua canal.

Canteen.

Abolition of the canteen from the United States army posts was wise. Thomas, p. 206: Briefs.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Canvassing at parliamentary elections.

Askew, 1906, p. 34: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 32: Briefs.

Capital and labor. See Labor and laboring classes.

Capital punishment.

Debaters' handbook ser., no. 4: References and selected articles.

Capital punishment; its abolition. Askew, 1906, p. 34: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 33: Briefs.

Capital punishment should be abolished. Brookings, p. 57: Briefs and references.—Gibson, p. 43: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 44: Briefs and references.—Thomas, p. 184: Briefs.

Is capital punishment justifiable? Rowton, p. 48: Speeches and references.

Ought the death penalty to be retained as the punishment for wilful murder? Ought capital punishment to be abolished? Matson, p. 160: Briefs and references.

Card-playing. See Dancing and card-playing.

Carlyle and Emerson.

As a thinker and writer should Carlyle outrank Emerson? Matson, p. 346: Briefs and references.

Cathedrals, Nationalization of.

Askew, 1906, p. 35: Briefs and references.

Catholic church. See Roman Catholic church.

Caucus.

Present system of caucus nomination ought to be abandoned. Brookings, p. 27: Briefs and references.

See also Primaries.

Celibacy.

Celibacy of Roman Catholic priests. Askew, 1906, p. 36: Briefs.

Censorship of fiction.

Askew, 1911, p. 34: Briefs.

Censorship of the stage.

Askew, 1911, p. 34: Briefs.

Central America. Antiquities.

Are there good reasons for supposing that the ruins recently discovered in Central America are of very great antiquity? Rowton, p. 231: References.

Central banks. See Banks, Central.

Centralization and state rights.

Does the successful maintenance of the United States as a nation require that the national government grow in strength? Matson, p. 151: Briefs and references.

The present distribution of power between the federal and state governments is not adapted to modern conditions and calls for re-adjustment in the direction of further centralization. Robbins, p. 79:

Briefs and references.—Speaker, v. 2, p. 385: Synopsis of speeches.—C. L. of P. Debates: Synopsis of speeches, references.

Channel tunnel. See English channel tunnel.

Character.

Are not the rudiments of individual character discernible in childhood? Rowton, p. 227: References.

Has nature or education the greater influence in the formation of character? Rowton, p. 211: References.

Character, National.

Does national character descend from age to age? Rowton, p. 228: References.

Is national character formed more by physical than by moral causes? Has climate a preponderating influence in determining the character and history of a nation? Matson, p. 407: Briefs and references.

Charities.

Charitable relief. Askew, 1906, p. 38: Briefs.

Do charity organization societies do good or harm? Gibson, p. 48: Briefs and references.

Free shelters and refuges. Askew, 1906, p. 99: Briefs.

Free soup kitchens, clothing, coals, etc. Askew, 1906, p. 100: Briefs.

See also Outdoor relief.

Charity Organization Society; methods and work.

Askew, 1906, p. 39: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 37: Briefs.

Charlemagne and Hildebrand.

Did Charlemagne have more influence on mediæval history than Hildebrand? Matson, p. 46: Briefs and references.

Charles I.

Was the execution of Charles I justifiable? Matson, p. 62: Briefs and references.—Rowton, p. 202: Briefs and references.

Charles II and Richard III. See Richard III and Charles II.

Charter, Federal. See Federal charter and federal control.

Chatterton and Cowper.

Which was the greater poet, Chatterton or Cowper? Rowton, p. 224: References.

Chaucer and Spenser.

Is Chaucer a greater poet than Spenser? Matson, p. 291: Briefs and references.

Which was the greater poet, Chaucer or Spenser? Rowton, p. 226: References.

Chess.

Is not the game of chess a good intellectual and moral exercise? Rowton, p. 229: References.

Chicago strike injunctions.

The injunctions issued by the federal judges against the Chicago strikers were unjustifiable. Brookings, p. 197: Briefs and references.

Child labor.

Debaters' handbook ser., no. 2: References and selected articles.

Child-labour; "half-timers." Askew, 1906, p. 40: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 39: Briefs.

Should the half-time system be abolished? Gibson, p. 113: Briefs and references.

Child marriage.

Prohibition of child-marriages in India. Askew, 1906, p. 116: Briefs and references.

China-Japan war.

The victory of Japan over China was for the interest of civilization. Brookings, p. 192: Briefs and references.

Chinese immigration. See Immigration, Chinese.

Chinese labor.

Chinese labour; should it be employed in the Transvaal? Askew, 1906, p. 41: Briefs and references.

Chivalry.

Was chivalry in its character and influence more good than evil? Matson, p. 42: Briefs and references.

Christian socialism.

Askew, 1906, p. 45: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 41: Briefs.

Christian union.

Is Christian union to become organized? Matson, p. 483: Briefs and references.

Reunion of Christendom. Askew, 1906, p. 44: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 40: Briefs.

Christianity.

Christianity; is dogma a necessity? Askew, 1906, p. 45: Briefs and references.

See also Creeds.—Sects.

Christianity and modern civilization.

Has Christianity been the most potent factor in the production of modern civilization? Matson, p. 50: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Christians as soldiers. See War.

Church, The.

Are social problems within the sphere of the churches? Askew, 1906, p. 46: Briefs and references.

Are the churches on the down grade? Gibson, p. 51: Briefs and references.

Is it part of the duty of a church to provide amusements? Gibson, p. 14: Briefs and references.

Is the Christian church to blame for having incurred the alienation of working men? Gibson, p. 58: Briefs and references.

Is the pulpit losing its power? Gibson, p. 161: Briefs and references.

Ought the church to advocate social reform? Gibson, p. 55: Briefs and references.

Church and state.

Is the union of church and state a benefit to any nation? Matson, p. 168: Briefs and references.

Church of England. See England, Church of.

Church of Scotland. See Scotland, Church of.

Church of Wales. See Wales, Church of.

Church property. Taxation.

Should church property which is used exclusively for public worship be taxed? Should church buildings, with their lots and furnishings, be exempt from taxation? Matson, p. 211: Briefs and references.

Cicero.

Are the character and career of Cicero deserving of more admiration than censure? Matson, p. 90: Briefs and references.

Cicero and Demosthenes. See Demosthenes and Cicero.

Cities.

Are great cities, considered in themselves and in their influence, a greater evil than good? Matson, p. 531: Briefs and references.

City and country.

Advantages and disadvantages of the city, town and country child. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Is country life preferable, on the whole, to city life? Matson, p. 532: Briefs and references.

Which is to be preferred, a town or a country life? Rowton, p. 230: References.

Civil service. England.

Askew. 1906, p. 46: Briefs and references.

Civil service. India.

Appointment of natives. Askew, 1906, p. 47: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 115: Briefs.

Civil service reform.

The civil service act should be extended to all departments of the government service. Brookings, p. 44: Briefs and references.

The Civil war and the American revolution. See The American revolution and the Civil war.

Civilization.

Civilization (European) in savage lands. Askew, 1906, p. 47: Briefs and references.

Is modern civilization a failure? Gibson, p. 61: Briefs and references.

See also Christianity and modern civilization.

Civilized man and barbarian. See Barbarian and civilized man.

Classical education.

Classics versus science as a study in schools. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Greek compulsory at the universities. Askew, 1906, p. 104: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 104: Briefs.

Is a classical education essential to an American gentleman? Rowton, p. 216: References.

Is the study of the Greek and Latin classics necessary to a liberal education? Is the mental discipline and the knowledge gained from the study of the classics superior to that gained from the study of the natural sciences? Should the study of Greek and Latin be considered of greater importance in respect to culture and utility than the study of French and German? Does the study of Greek occupy a disproportionate place in the ordinary college course? Should Greek be considered as essential to a liberal education? or, Should Greek be elective in a college course? Matson, p. 252: Briefs and references.

Classics and mathematics.

Which are of the greater importance in education, the classics or mathematics? Rowton, p. 190: Briefs and references.

Clay and Webster. See Webster and Clay.

Clergy. See Ministers of the gospel.

Closed shop and open shop. See Open shop and closed shop.

Coal mines. Government ownership. See Government ownership. Coal mines.

Coal mines and gold mines. See Gold mines and coal mines.

Co-education.

Co-education in colleges is desirable. Brookings, p. 178: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Co-education of the sexes. Askew, 1906, p. 78: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 41: Briefs.

Is the co-education of the sexes in higher institutions desirable? Matson, p. 244: Briefs and references.

Coleridge and Wordsworth. See Wordsworth and Coleridge.

Collectivism. See Socialism.

Colleges and universities.

Are college-bred men, as a class, superior in mental attainments and culture to self-educated men? Matson, p. 242: Briefs and references.

Are state universities superior, in their principle and operation, to colleges? Matson, p. 246: Briefs and references.

A Catholic university for Ireland. Askew, 1906, p. 36: Briefs and references.

The country college and the city college. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

In a college conducted under Christian auspices students should be required to attend church on Sunday. Thomas, p. 186: Briefs.

Is a college education the best preparation for practical life? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Is the in loco parentis system of college government better than the laissez faire system? or, Is paternal government the best for college students? Matson, p. 249: Briefs and references.

Is the system of education pursued at our universities in accordance with the requirements of the age? Rowton, p. 225: References.

Some system ought to be adopted by which the degree of A.B. could be obtained from colleges in three years. Brookings, p. 181: Briefs and references.

University reform. Askew, 1911, p. 249: Briefs.

What are the respective advantages of the large and the small college? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

See also National university.—Student government.

Colonial preference (England).

Gibson, p. 273: Briefs and references.

Columbus and Livingstone.

As discoverer and as man, was Columbus greater than Livingstone? Matson, p. 106: Briefs and references.

Comic supplement.

The comic supplement of the newspapers is detrimental to children. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Commerce, Minister of.

Should a minister of commerce be established? Askew, 1906, p. 53: Briefs.

Commerce and manufactures.

Has commerce contributed more to the development of modern civilization than manufactures? Matson, p. 204: Briefs and references.

Commercialism.

The commercial spirit of the age is undermining the moral sense of the nation. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Commission form of government.

American cities should adopt a commission form of government. Robbins, p. 57: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs and references.

The city of —— should adopt the commission form of government. Wisconsin University, no. 310: Plan, history, arguments, references, the Wisconsin act.—Wisconsin University, no. 460: Third revision (without Wisconsin act).

Commission plan of municipal government. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 15: Briefs, references and selected articles.

In the larger New England cities all the powers of the city government should be vested in a commission of not more than nine men elected by the voters at large without the assistance of any other representative body. Pearson, p. 461: Synopses of speeches, and references.—Speaker, v. 3, p. 404: Brief (affirmative).—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs.

Common-lands. See Land.

Communion service. Use of wine. See Wine in the communion service.

Competition.

Is free competition in production and trade necessary for the best interests of all concerned? Do the benefits of competition in business outweigh its evils? Matson, p. 219: Briefs and references.

Congo Free State.

The United States government should inaugurate a movement to bring about reforms in the Congo Free State. Foster, p. 428: Specimen debate.

Congress.

It would be better for the business interests of the country to elect a Congress once in eight years. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

It would greatly improve public service if members of Congress were elected from any district in their own state. Brookings, p. 36: Briefs and references.

Congressional system and cabinet system. See Cabinet system and congressional system.

Conscience.

Is conscience a true moral guide? Can conscience be educated? Matson, p. 458: Briefs and references.

Conscription.

Ought we to have a conscription in Great Britain? Gibson, p. 63: Briefs and references.

Military conscription for England. Askew, 1906, p. 55: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 45: Briefs.

Conservation of natural resources.

Forest and mineral lands now belonging to the United States should be retained by the federal government. Speaker, v. 6, p. 313: Speeches and references.

The power of the federal government should be paramount to that of the states in the conservation of national resources, limited to forests, water-power and minerals. Robbins, p. 65: Briefs and references.

See also Forest preserves.

Conservative and reformer. See Reformer and conservative.

Consistency.

Is consistency a vice or a virtue? Gibson, p. 66: Briefs and references.

Conventionality.

Ought we to obey Mrs Grundy? Gibson, p. 110: Briefs and references.

Convents and monasteries.

Has monasticism been the cause of more good than evil? Matson, p. 38: Briefs and references.

Ought conventual and monastic institutions to be inspected? Gibson, p. 68: Briefs and references.

Convict labor.

Contract system of employing convict labor ought to be abolished. Brookings, p. 165: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Does convict labor interfere with the interests of the free workingman? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Coöperation.

Co-operation; can it supersede capitalism? Askew, 1906, p. 57; Askew, 1911, p. 46: Briefs.

Co-operation; is it better than state socialism? Askew, 1906, p. 57: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 47: Briefs.

Is co-operation more adapted to promote the virtue and happiness of mankind than competition? Rowton, p. 221: References.

Is the principle of industrial co-operation capable of general and successful application? Do the experiments thus far in co-operation justify, on the whole, the hope of its ultimate general adoption? Is co-operation in business more beneficial than competition? Matson, p. 220: Briefs and references.

Copyright.

Alden, p. 249: Brief of Macaulay's speech on copyright.

An international copyright law is desirable. Brookings, p. 80: Briefs and references.

Corporal punishment.

Corporal punishment in schools. Askew, 1906, p. 58: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 47: Briefs.

Is corporal punishment justifiable? Rowton, p. 209: References.

Councilmen.

Should councilman of American cities be compensated? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Country and city. See City and country.

Country schools.

Consolidation of rural schools. Wisconsin University, no. 387: Arguments and references.

Court of final appeal.

Ought we to establish a court of final appeal in capital cases? Gibson, p. 22: Briefs and references.

Cowper and Chatterton. See Chatterton and Cowper.

Creeds.

Are church creeds promotive of the interests of Christianity? Should public assent to a creed be made a condition of church membership? Matson, p. 506: Briefs and references.

See also Athanasian creed.

Cremation.

Askew, 1906, p. 58: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 48: Briefs.

Should cremation be substituted for earth burial? Matson, p. 541: Briefs and references.

Crime.

Is ignorance productive of crime? Matson, p. 236: Briefs and references.

Is poverty more an occasion and provocation of crime than wealth? Matson, p. 530: Briefs and references.

Which does the most to produce crime—poverty, wealth, or ignorance? Rowton, p. 217: References.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Criminal appeal.

Askew, 1906, p. 59: Briefs and references.

Cromwell, Oliver.

Is the character of Oliver Cromwell worthy of our admiration? Rowton, p. 118: Speeches and references.

Was the protectorate of Cromwell an unjustifiable usurpation and tyranny? Matson, p. 64: Briefs and references.

Cromwell and Napoleon. See Napoleon and Cromwell.

Crusades.

Did the crusades result in greater good than evil? Matson, p. 40: Briefs and references.

Have the crusades been beneficial to mankind? Rowton, p. 102: Speeches and references.

Cuba. Annexation to the United States.

Granting the willingness of Cuba, the annexation of Cuba to the United States would be for the best interests of the United States. Foster, p. 359: Brief.

Should Cuba be annexed to the United States? Craig, p. 61: Speeches.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The United States should annex Cuba. Pearson, p. 391: Report of debate, and references.—Thomas, p. 202: Briefs.

The United States should annex Cuba, granting the willingness of Cuba. Wisconsin University, no. 462: Arguments and references.

Culture and money. See Money and culture.

Currency. See Asset currency.—Gold.—Silver.

Dancing and card-playing.

Are such popular amusements as dancing and card-playing harmful in their influence? Matson, p. 462: Briefs and references.

Dante and Milton.

Is the "Divine comedy" a greater poem than "Paradise lost"? Matson, p. 273: Briefs and references.

Dark races and white races.

Are the intellectual faculties of the dark races of mankind essentially inferior to those of the white? Rowton, p. 217: References.

Darwin and Agassiz.

Was Darwin a greater scientist than Agassiz? Matson, p. 383: Briefs and references.

Darwin and Newton.

Did Darwin contribute as much to the advancement of science as Newton? Matson, p. 383: Briefs and references.

David and Moses. See Moses and David.

Daylight saving bill.

Askew, 1911, p. 49: Briefs.

Death penalty. See Capital punishment.

Debate.

Should not greater freedom of expression be encouraged in debate? Rowton, p. 226: References.

Deceased wife's sister.

Askew, 1906, p. 61: Briefs and references.

Marriage with a deceased wife's sister; ought it to be legalized in England? Gibson, p. 35: Briefs and references.

Deception.

Can any circumstances justify a departure from truth? Rowton, p. 212: References.

Is it ever right to deceive? Is falsehood never justifiable? Matson, p. 460: Briefs and references.

See also Hypocrite and liar.

Decimal system.

Askew, 1906, p. 61: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 53: Briefs.

Declaration of London.

Askew, 1911, p. 54: Briefs.

Degeneration.

Askew, 1906, p. 62: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 64: Briefs.

Democratic and aristocratic government. See Aristocratic and democratic government.

Democracy.

Is representative democracy, in its principles, institutions and operation, the best form of government? Matson, p. 134: Briefs and references.

See also Monarchy and republicanism.

Demosthenes and Cicero.

Was Demosthenes a greater orator than Cicero? Matson, p. 282: Briefs and references.

Which was the greater orator, Demosthenes or Cicero? Rowton, p. 208: References.

Department stores.

Are our large department stores an injury to the country? Craig, p. 219: Speeches.

Descartes.

Has the philosophy of Descartes, in its general spirit and main features, entered as a permanent element into modern philosophy? Has Descartes contributed more to theology than to science? Is Descartes's proof of the existence of God valid? Is Descartes's inference of being from thought legitimate? Matson, p. 434: Briefs and references.

See also Kant.

Dickens and Thackeray. See Thackeray and Dickens.

Direct legislation.

Direct legislation by the people would improve political conditions in the United States. Thomas, p. 166: Briefs and references.

The system of direct legislation by the people should be more generally adopted in the United States. Ringwalt, p. 50: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Direct primaries. See Primaries.

Disarmament.

Disarmament of nations. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

International disarmament. Askew, 1906, p. 63: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 66: Briefs.

Divine comedy and Paradise lost. See Dante and Milton.

Division of labor. See Labor, Division of.

Divorce.

Askew, 1906, p. 71; Askew, 1911, p. 76: Briefs.

A constitutional amendment should be adopted giving Congress exclusive power to regulate marriage and divorce in the United States. Ringwalt, p. 194: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

A constitutional amendment should be secured giving to the federal government exclusive control over divorces. Brookings, p. 142: Briefs and references.

Divorce for women; should the "cruelty" condition be eliminated? Askew, 1906, p. 72: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 79: Briefs.

Easier divorce. Askew, 1911, p. 78: Briefs.

Should divorce laws be strict or liberal? Should there be a national divorce law instead of state laws? Matson, p. 171: Briefs and references.

See also Marriage laws.

Docks, London. See Municipal ownership.

Dogma.

Christianity; is dogma a necessity? Askew, 1906, p. 45: Briefs and references.

Drama.

Should the drama discuss social questions? Askew, 1906, p. 73: Briefs and references.

Dress.

Does modern dress need reform? Gibson, p. 78: Briefs and references.

Fashion in dress; is it an evil? Askew, 1906, p. 93: Briefs.

Drink and opium.

Is drunkenness a greater evil than the excessive use of opium? Matson, p. 540: Briefs and references.

Dryden and Pope.

Was Dryden a greater poet than Pope? Matson, p. 306: Briefs and references.

Which was the greater poet, Dryden or Pope? Rowton, p. 214: References.

Dueling.

Askew, 1906, p. 74: Briefs.

Is dueling justifiable? Rowton, p. 195: Briefs.

Early closing of shops.

Ought the early closing of shops to be enforced by law? Gibson, p. 84: Briefs and references.

Edison.

Is Edison the greatest living American inventor? Matson, p. 130: Briefs and references.

Education.

Education as it is now thrust upon the youth of America is dangerous to health and good government. Craig, p. 351: Outline (affirmative).

Should emulation be employed as a motive in education? Matson, p. 241: Briefs and references.

Should emulation be encouraged in education? Rowton, p. 209: References.

See also Co-education.—Colleges and universities.—Schools.—Women. Education.

Education. National aid.

Is national aid to education necessary and desirable? Matson, p. 238: Briefs and references.

Education. State control.

It is the right and duty of the state to supervise and control primary and secondary education. Brookings, p. 139: Briefs and references.

Education, Classical. See Classical education.

Education, Compulsory.

Should education in the public schools be compulsory? Matson, p. 237: Briefs and references.

Education, Legal. See Legal education.

Education, National.

Is it not the duty of a government to establish a system of national education? Rowton, p. 217: References.

See also National university.

Education, Religious. See Religious education.

Education acts (English).

Should the education acts be amended? Askew, 1906, p. 74: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 80: Briefs.

Egypt.

England should permanently retain control of Egypt. Pattee, p. 93: Brief (negative).

Eight-hour day.

An eight-hour working day should be adopted within the United States by law. Brookings, p. 156: Briefs and references.

In the United States a working day should be eight hours only in length. Thomas, p. 200: Briefs.

A legal eight hours' day. Askew, 1906, p. 80: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 87: Briefs.

Should Parliament enact an eight hours working day? Gibson, p. 86: Briefs and references.

Election, Presidential. See President. Election.

Elections.

Congress ought to pass an act establishing federal control over national elections. Brookings, p. 1: Briefs and references.

The English system for the prevention of bribery and corruption at elections ought to be adopted in the United States. Brookings, p. 47: Briefs and references.

Simultaneous elections. Askew, 1906, p. 83; Askew, 1911, p. 90: Briefs.

See also Canvassing at parliamentary elections.

Elective system in education.

Elective system of studies should be adopted in secondary schools. Thomas, p. 204: Briefs.

Should the elective system be adopted in the public high schools of the United States? Foster, p. 396: Article (affirmative).

Eliot, George, and Browning, Mrs.

Does George Eliot as a woman of genius surpass Mrs Browning? Matson, p. 335: Briefs and references.

Elizabeth, Queen.

Is the character of Queen Elizabeth, considered as a whole, deserving of admiration? Matson, p. 93: Briefs and references.

Is the character of Queen Elizabeth deserving of our admiration? Rowton, p. 211: References.

Elizabethan literature.

Is the Shakspearian the Augustan age of English literature? Rowton, p. 219: References.

Elizabethan literature and Victorian literature.

Is the Elizabethan literature superior to the Victorian? Matson, p. 289: Briefs and references.

Eloquence.

Is eloquence a gift of nature, or may it be acquired? Rowton, p. 218: References.

Emerson and Carlyle. See Carlyle and Emerson.

Emigration.

Is it not to emigration that England must mainly look for the relief of her population? Rowton, p. 228: References.

See also Immigration.

Emigration v. home colonization.

Askew, 1906, p. 84: Briefs and references.

Employers' liability.

Laws should be enacted providing that in case of personal injury to a workman arising out of and in the course of employment, his employer shall be liable for adequate compensation and shall not set up contributory negligence or the negligence of a fellow servant as a defense. Speaker, v. 3, p. 272: Synopsis of speeches (affirmative) and brief (negative).—C. L. of P. Debates: Synopsis of speeches (affirmative) and brief (negative).

Emulation in education. See Education.

End and means.

Does the end justify the means? Gibson, p. 90: Briefs and references.

England.

England; why is she unpopular as a nation? Askew, 1906, p. 85: Briefs and references.

Federal government in Great Britain and Ireland. Askew, 1906, p. 94: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 95: Briefs.

Is England rising or falling as a nation? Rowton, p. 211: References.

Is it likely that England will sink into the decay which befell the nations of antiquity? Rowton, p. 215: References.

Is it not to emigration that England must mainly look for the relief of her population? Rowton, p. 228: References.

England. Constitution.

Written constitution for England. Askew, 1906, p. 56: Briefs and references.

England. Food-supply.

Food supply in time of war; is there a danger of famine? Askew, 1906, p. 96: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 99: Briefs.

England. House of lords. See House of lords.

England. Imperialism. See Imperialism (England).

England. Parliament. See Parliament.

England. Political parties. See Independent Labour party.—National party.

England. Tariff. See Colonial preference.—Protection and free trade.

England, Church of.

Anglican orders. Askew, 1906, p. 12: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 10: Briefs.

Disendowment of the Church of England. Askew, 1906, p. 64; Askew, 1911, p. 66: Briefs.

Disestablishment of the Church of England. Askew, 1906, p. 65; Askew, 1911, p. 69: Briefs.

Is the modern Anglican church a branch of the Catholic church? Askew, 1906, p. 12; Askew, 1911, p. 10: Briefs.

Parochial boards. Askew, 1906, p. 169: Briefs and references.

Shall we disestablish and disendow the Church of England? Gibson, p. 73: Briefs and references.

Should the broad-church party leave the church? Askew, 1906, p. 31: Briefs.

England, Invasion of.

Possibility of invasion. Askew, 1911, p. 118: Briefs.

England and Rome.

Has England been as great a power in modern times as Rome was in ancient times? Matson, p. 29: Briefs and references.

English aristocracy.

Has the aristocracy of England been on the whole a benefit to that country? Matson, p. 188: Briefs and references.

English channel tunnel.

Askew, 1906, p. 37: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 35: Briefs.

English dramatists and Greek dramatists. See Greek dramatists and English dramatists.

English government and United States government.

Is the English government superior, in form and operation, to the government of the United States? Matson, p. 138: Briefs and references.

English literature. See Elizabethan literature.—Greek dramatists and English dramatists.

English rule in India. See India. English rule.

Engraving and photography. See Photography and engraving.

Entail.

Abolition of the law of entail. Askew, 1906, p. 85: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 91: Briefs.

Equality, Social. See Social equality.

Ethical movement.

Askew, 1906, p. 88: Briefs and references.

Evolution.

Has the organic world been developed from primordial germs by natural forces? Is the evidence sufficient to prove the origin of species by natural evolution? Is the theory of evolution an established truth of science? Matson, p. 390: Briefs and references.

Is man descended, by process of evolution, from some lower animal? Matson, p. 394: Briefs and references.

Examinations.

Are examinations a true test of scholarship and a necessary means of promoting education? Matson, p. 251: Briefs and references.

Examinations, Competitive.

Askew, 1906, p. 88: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 92: Briefs.

Ought competitive examinations to be abolished? Gibson, p. 92. Briefs and references.

Expansion (United States). See Imperialism (United States).

Fagging at schools.

Askew, 1906, p. 89; Askew, 1911, p. 93: Briefs.

Faith.

Does faith precede and give rise to knowledge? Is faith founded on and commensurate with reason? Matson, p. 487: Briefs and references.

Falsehood. See Deception.

Farm colonies for the unemployed.

Askew, 1906, p. 92: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 94: Briefs.

Fashion in dress; is it an evil?

Askew, 1906, p. 93: Briefs.

Fasting.

Is fasting any use? Gibson, p. 94: Briefs and references.

Federal charter and federal control.

All corporations carrying on interstate commerce [should] be required to take out a federal charter. Pearson, p. 39: Report of debate, and references.

All corporations engaged in interstate commerce should be required to take out a federal charter on such terms as Congress may by law prescribe, granted that such legislation would be constitutional. Speaker, v. 3, p. 400: Briefs.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs and references.

All corporations engaging in interstate commerce should be required to take out a federal charter, granting such legislation would be constitutional. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 9: Briefs, references and selected articles.

All organizations engaged in interstate commerce should be licensed and supervised by the federal government. Thomas, p. 182: Briefs.

All railroads engaged in interstate commerce should be operated by companies incorporated by the federal government. Pearson, p. 147: Report of debate, and references.

Corporations doing an interstate business should be required to take out a federal charter. Foster, p. 291: Speech (affirmative).

The federal government should have exclusive control of all corporations doing interstate business, constitutionality granted. C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs and references.

The government should accept the principle of monopoly control of industry and regulate the prices in all cases brought about by the operation of economic law. Speaker, v. 7, p. 312: Synopses of speeches, and references.

It is desirable that the regulating power of Congress should be extended to all corporations whose capitalization exceeds $1,000,000. Foster, p. 297: Speech (negative).

See also Water-power.

Federal government and state government. See Centralization and state rights.

Feudalism.

Has the feudal system been productive of more good than evil? Matson, p. 37: Briefs and references.

Fiction.

Has novel-reading a moral tendency? Rowton, p. 210: References

Has the prevalence of fiction in modern literature been on the whole a good rather than an evil? Matson, p. 326: Briefs and references.

Novel reading is detrimental. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Sex in fiction. Askew, 1906, p. 199: Briefs and references.

See also Censorship of fiction.—Poetry and prose fiction.

Fifteenth amendment. See Negro suffrage.

Fine arts. See Art.—Art unions.

Food adulteration.

Adulteration acts. Askew, 1906, p. 3: Briefs and references.

Foot-ball.

Intercollegiate foot-ball promotes the best interests of colleges. Brookings, p. 184: Brief and references.

Forest preserves.

The federal government is justified in entering upon a general policy of establishing forest preserves. Thomas, p. 196: Briefs.

Franchise. See Negro suffrage.—Suffrage.—Woman suffrage.

Franklin.

Should Franklin be regarded as the greatest American? Matson, p. 117: Briefs and references.

Franklin and Washington.

Which was the greater man, Franklin or Washington? Rowton, p. 226: References.

Fraternities. See Secret societies.

Frederick the Great and Peter the Great.

Was Frederick the Great a greater man and sovereign than Peter the Great? Matson, p. 97: Briefs and references.

Free institutions.

Free institutions in the United States are now in danger. Brookings, p. 52: Briefs and references.

Free meals at elementary schools.

Askew, 1906, p. 99: Briefs and references.

Free ships.

Foreign-built ships should be admitted to American registry free of duty. Brookings, p. 104: Briefs and references.

Free text-books. See Text-books.

Free trade and protection. See Protection and free trade.

Free trade and reciprocity. See Reciprocity and free trade.

Free will.

Is the human will free? Is the power of contrary choice a necessary element in the freedom of the will? Does Edwards's "Inquiry respecting the freedom of the will" lead to conclusions false and untenable? Matson, p. 453: Briefs and references.

French revolution.

Did circumstances justify the first French revolution? Rowton, p. 223: References.

Was there in the French revolution more of good than evil? Matson, p. 68: Briefs and references.

Which did the most to produce the French revolution, the tyranny of the government, the excesses of the higher orders, or the writings of Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau? Rowton, p. 222: References.

Galileo.

Is Galileo deserving of strong condemnation for abjuring what he knew to be truth? Matson, p. 92: Briefs and references.

Gambling.

Are betting and gambling immoral? Gibson, p. 155: Briefs and references.

Legal suppression of gambling. Askew, 1906, p. 101: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 102: Briefs.

Morality of gambling. Askew, 1906, p. 102: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 102: Briefs.

Gambling in commerce, Suppression of.

Askew, 1906, p. 101: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 101: Briefs.

Game laws (England).

Abolition of game laws. Askew, 1906, p. 102: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 103: Briefs.

Garrison, W.L.

Has Garrison's part in the antislavery movement been overrated? Matson, p. 127: Briefs and references.

Gas supply. Municipal ownership. See Municipal ownership.

Genius.

Is genius an innate capacity? Rowton, p. 218: References.

Is genius hereditary? Matson, p. 406: Briefs and references.

Geology and astronomy. See Astronomy and geology.

Geology and the Bible. See Bible and geology.

George, Henry. See Single tax.

Ghosts.

Are ghosts real or imaginary? Gibson, p. 104: Briefs and references.

Gladstone and Bismarck. See Bismarck and Gladstone.

Goethe and Milton.

Is Goethe's Mephistopheles a better conception of the Prince of Darkness than Milton's Satan? Matson, p. 304: Briefs and references.

Goethe and Schiller.

Was Goethe a greater poet than Schiller? Matson, p. 302: Briefs and references.

Goethe and Shakespeare. See Shakespeare and Goethe.

Gold (currency).

All nations should unite in adopting the same monetary system and that system should be gold. Brookings, p. 88: Briefs and references.

The single gold standard is for the best interests of the country. Craig, p. 28: Speeches.

See also Bimetallism.

Gold and iron.

Which is the more valuable metal, gold or iron? Rowton, p. 211: References.

Gold mines and coal mines.

Have the gold mines of Spain or the coal mines of England been more beneficial to the world? Rowton, p. 213: References.

Gothenburg system.

The Gothenburg system of eliminating private profits offers the best solution of the liquor question. Brookings, p. 176: Briefs and references.

Should England adopt the Gothenburg system? Askew, 1906, p. 103: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 103: Briefs.

Government by commission. See Commission form of government.

Government ownership.

Ought the state to own all railways, mines, canals, etc.? Gibson, p. 191: Briefs and references.

The state ought to organize and conduct manufactories and commerce. Brookings, p. 129: Briefs and references.

See also Municipal ownership.

Government ownership. Canals.

Nationalization of canals. Askew, 1906, p. 103: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 31: Briefs.

Government ownership. Coal mines.

It is for the best interests of all the people for the government to own and control coal mines. Craig, p. 318: Outline.

The United States ought to own and control the coal mines of the country. Pearson, p. 435: Synopses of speeches, and references.

Government ownership. Railroads.

The federal government should own and operate the railroads in the United States. Thomas, p. 180: Briefs.

The railroads in the United States should be owned and operated by the federal government. Brookings, p. 123: Briefs and references.

Railway nationalization. Askew, 1906, p. 189: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 195: Briefs.

The railways of the United States should be owned and operated by the government. Ringwalt, p. 163: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Should the government of the United States own and control the railroads? Craig, p. 106: Speeches.

Should the government own and operate the railroads? Matson, p. 176: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 88: Briefs and references.

Government ownership. Telegraphs, telephones.

All telegraph lines in the United States should be owned and controlled by the government. Brookings, p. 126: Briefs and references.

The government of the United States should own and control the telephone and telegraph systems. Craig, p. 185: Speeches.

Greece and Rome.

Has Greece contributed more to the civilization of the world than Rome? Has Rome been really a greater power in the world than Greece? Matson, p. 25: Briefs and references.

Greek, Study of. See Classical education.

Greek art and renaissance art.

Is Greek art surpassed by renaissance art? Matson, p. 359: Briefs and references.

Greek dramatists and English dramatists.

Are the Greek dramatic writers superior to the English? Matson, p. 277: Briefs and references.

Greek letter fraternities. See Secret societies.

Greenbacks.

Should greenbacks be retired and the government go out of its present system of banking? Craig, p. 232: Speeches.

Gregory VII and Charlemagne. See Charlemagne and Hildebrand.

Guarantee of bank deposits. See Bank deposits, Guarantee of.

Gunpowder.

Has the invention of gunpowder been of benefit to mankind? Rowton, p. 207: References.

Hamilton and Jefferson.

Was Hamilton a greater statesman than Jefferson? Matson, p. 120: Briefs and references.

Hamlet.

Was the apparent madness of Hamlet altogether feigned? Matson, p. 299: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Hannibal and Alexander the Great. See Alexander the Great and Hannibal.

Hannibal and Napoleon. See Napoleon and Hannibal.

Happiness and misery.

Does happiness or misery preponderate in life? Rowton, p. 222: References.

Hastings, Warren.

Was Warren Hastings, in view of his career as a whole, deserving of impeachment? Matson, p. 96: Briefs and references.

Hawaii. Annexation to the United States.

Hawaii should be speedily annexed to the United States. Brookings, p. 62: Briefs and references.

Ought the United States to have annexed Hawaii? Craig, p. 122: Briefs.

Hawthorne and Irving.

Should Hawthorne be ranked higher among American authors than Irving? Matson, p. 350: Briefs and references.

Hemans, Mrs, and Howitt, Mrs.

Which is the greater poet, Mrs Howitt or Mrs Hemans? Rowton, p. 227: References.

Heredity and environment.

Is heredity more influential in the development of man, intellectually and morally, than his environment? Matson, p. 404: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

High schools.

High schools should not be supported by taxation. Thomas, p. 202: Briefs.

Hildebrand and Charlemagne. See Charlemagne and Hildebrand.

History.

Can history be reduced to a science? Matson, p. 407: Briefs and references.

Should not the study of history be more encouraged than it is? Rowton, p. 232: References.

History and biography.

Is the reading of history more beneficial to the individual mind than the reading of biography? Matson, p. 263: Briefs and references.

Home labor.

Prohibition of home work. Askew, 1911, p. 105: Briefs.

Home rule. India. See India. Home rule.

Home rule. Ireland. See Ireland. Home rule.

Homer. See Iliad and Æneid.—Iliad and Odyssey.

Homer and Milton. See Milton and Homer.

Honor system in colleges.

The honor system should be adopted in all colleges and universities. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Hope and memory.

Which produce the greater happiness, the pleasures of hope or of memory? Rowton, p. 220: References.

Hospitals.

Nationalization of hospitals. Askew, 1906, p. 105: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 105: Briefs.

Should hospitals be maintained and managed by the state? Gibson, p. 115: Briefs and references.

Hours of labor. See Early closing of shops.—Eight-hour day.

House of lords.

Abolition of House of lords; single-chamber government. Askew, 1911, p. 150: Briefs.

Exclusion of bishops from House of lords. Askew, 1906, p. 29: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 27: Briefs.

Limitation of the veto of the House of lords. Askew, 1911, p. 151: Briefs.

Reform of House of lords. Askew, 1906, p. 146: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 155: Briefs.

Should the English House of lords be abolished? Should the English House of lords be reformed? Matson, p. 189: Briefs and references.

Housing problem.

The housing of the poor should be improved by municipalities. Brookings, p. 170: Briefs and references.

Municipal dwellings for the poor. Askew, 1906, p. 156: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 160: Briefs.

Howard and Wilberforce.

Was Howard a greater philanthropist than Wilberforce? Matson, p. 104: Briefs and references.

Howard, Napoleon, Watt. See Napoleon, Howard, Watt.

Howitt, Mrs, and Hemans, Mrs. See Hemans, Mrs, and Howitt, Mrs.

Hugo and Balzac. See Balzac and Hugo.

Human mind and brute mind.

Is the human mind different from the brute mind in kind and not merely in degree? Matson, p. 396: Briefs and references.

Human race. See Man.

Humor.

Has not the faculty of humor been of essential service to civilization? Rowton, p. 228: References.

Husband and wife as witnesses.

Askew, 1906, p. 106: Briefs.

Hypocrite and liar.

The hypocrite is a more despicable character than the liar. Craig, p. 179: Speeches.

Which is the more despicable character, the hypocrite or the liar? Rowton, p. 208: References.

Ignorance and crime. See Crime.

Iliad and Æneid.

Is the Iliad a greater epic than the Æneid? Matson, p. 270: Briefs and references.

Iliad and Odyssey.

Does the Iliad afford conclusive evidence of various authorship? Is the authorship of the Iliad and of the Odyssey identical? Matson, p. 269: Briefs and references.

Illiteracy and pauperism. See Pauperism and illiteracy.

Imagination.

Is a rude or a refined age the more favorable to the production of works of imagination? Rowton, p. 219: References.

Imagination and reason.

Is the imagination more potent in its influence than the reason? Are men in general as much influenced by reason as by imagination? Matson, p. 449: Briefs and references.

Immigration.

Do the benefits of foreign immigration outweigh its evils? Should foreign immigration to this country be restricted? Matson, p. 173: Briefs and references.

Foreign immigration to the United States should be further restricted by the imposition of an educational test. Pearson, p. 165: Synopses of speeches, and references.

A high tax should be laid on all immigrants to the United States. Brookings, p. 70: Briefs and references.

Immigration should be further restricted by an illiteracy test. Ringwalt, p. 31: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Immigration should be further restricted by law. Brookings, p. 68: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 100: Briefs and references.

Immigration to the United States should be further restricted by an educational test. Pattee, p. 183: Brief (affirmative).

Is immigration detrimental to the United States? Craig, p. 206: Speeches.

Our present immigration laws should be amended so as to debar all immigrants over sixteen years of age and unable to read and write; provided that this amendment shall not debar dependents upon qualified immigrants or residents of the United States. Wisconsin University, no. 316: Arguments and references.

Restriction of immigration of aliens. Askew, 1906, p. 107: Briefs and references.

Should immigration be restricted? Pattee, p. 316: Brief, and speech for negative by S.G. Croswell, from North American review, May 1897.

Strengthening of laws regulating the immigration of aliens. Askew, 1911, p. 8: Briefs.

The United States should further restrict immigration by an illiteracy test. Thomas, p. 198: Briefs.

The United States should still further restrict immigration. Thomas, p. 196: Briefs.

See also Emigration.

Immigration, Chinese.

Exclusion of Chinese (United States and Australia). Askew, 1906, p. 41: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 39: Briefs.

Has Chinese immigration thus far been on the whole rather a benefit than an injury to the country? Should it be the policy of the national government to impose stringent restrictions on Chinese immigration? Matson, p. 175: Briefs and references.

The policy excluding Chinese laborers from the United States should be maintained and rigorously enforced. Brookings, p. 73: Briefs and references.

The policy of the United States with respect to Chinese immigration should be continued. Ringwalt, p. 42: Briefs and references.

Should Chinese immigration be restricted? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The time has come when the United States should modify its present policy of excluding Chinese immigration. Thomas, p. 176: Briefs.

Immigration, German.

The Germans are the most desirable present day immigrants. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Immorality.

Should immorality be a bar to public life? Askew, 1906, p. 108: Briefs and references.

See also Morality.

Immortality.

Can the immortality of the human soul be established from the light of nature? Matson, p. 492: Briefs and references.

Immortality of the individual; its value. Askew, 1906, p. 108: Briefs.

Imperialism.

Are colonies advantageous to the mother country? Rowton, p. 216: References.

Imperialism (England).

Askew, 1906, p. 110: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 106: Briefs.

Imperialism (United States).

American imperialism. Speaker, v. 4, p. 114: References.

Imperialistic policy of the United States. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The interests of the United States are opposed to the permanent acquisition of territory in the eastern hemisphere except so much as may be needed for naval stations. Alden, p. 221: Speech (affirmative).

See also Cuba. Annexation to the United States.—Hawaii. Annexation to the United States.—Philippine islands.

In camera proceedings.

Askew, 1906, p. 113; Askew, 1911, p. 110: Briefs.

Income tax.

Denney, p. 369: Speeches.

Can an income tax be framed which shall be equitable in principle and efficient in administration? Is a graduated income tax just or expedient? Matson, p. 209: Briefs and references.

The constitution should be so amended as to vest in Congress the power to impose a general income tax in the United States. Speaker, v. 3, p. 296: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs and references.

The federal government should adopt a graduated income tax, constitutionality granted. Robbins, p. 109: Briefs and references.

The federal government should have the power to impose an income tax, not apportioned among the states according to population. Speaker, v. 5, p. 376: Speeches and references.

Federal income tax. Pearson, p. 93: Summing up of arguments, and references.

A graduated income tax is a desirable feature of a taxation system. Wisconsin University, no. 329: Arguments and references.

In the United States an income tax is practicable and desirable. Thomas, p. 180: Briefs.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

An income tax is a desirable part of a scheme of taxation. Brookings, p. 117: Briefs and references.

Income tax, with special reference to graduation and exemption. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 10: References and selected articles.

Progressive income tax. Askew, 1906, p. 113: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 110: Briefs.

Independent Labour party and Liberal party.

Askew, 1906, p. 115: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 112: Briefs.

Indeterminate sentence.

Indeterminate sentences for the professional criminal. Askew, 1911, p. 113: Briefs.

India. Civil service. See Civil service. India.

India. English rule.

Indian defence—a forward policy. Askew, 1906, p. 118: Briefs and references.

Is English rule in India, considered as to its character and results, capable of vindication? Has English rule been a benefit to India? Matson, p. 191: Briefs and references.

Ought we to govern India solely for its natives? Gibson, p. 117: Briefs and references.

India. Home rule.

India; home rule. Askew, 1906, p. 117: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 114: Briefs.

Indians of North America.

Should the government make the education of the Indian compulsory? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Individual and state. See State and individual.

Individualism.

Askew, 1906, p. 119: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 115: Briefs.

Inductive reasoning.

Is inductive reasoning the best method of arriving at truth? Has the relative importance of inductive reasoning as a method of arriving at truth been overrated in modern times? Matson, p. 441: Briefs and references.

Inheritance tax.

Death duties (English), Graduated. Askew, 1906, p. 59: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 51: Briefs.

A progressive inheritance tax should be levied by the federal government, constitutionality conceded. Pearson, p. 141: Briefs and references.—Speaker, v. 2, p. 389: Briefs.—Wisconsin University, no. 385: Arguments and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Initiative and referendum. See Referendum.

Injunctions.

The attitude of the federal courts toward the use of the writ of injunction, as indicated by the Bucks Stove & Range Company decision, is conducive to the best interests of the people of the United States (all question of constitutionality eliminated). Pearson, p. 129: Synopses of speeches, and references.

Federal courts should be prohibited from issuing injunctions in controversies between labor and capital. Thomas, p. 188: Briefs.

Issuing of injunctions by federal courts in labor disputes should be forbidden by Congress. Ringwalt, p. 219: Briefs and references.—Speaker, v. 4, p. 108: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

See also Chicago strike injunctions.

Insane asylums.

Ought private asylums to be permitted? Askew, 1906, p. 20: Briefs and references.

Insanity and responsibility.

Does insanity always preclude all moral responsibility? Is insanity ever consistent with amenability to punishment? Matson, p. 461: Briefs and references.

Insurance.

Resolved that all insurance should be made a federal monopoly. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Insurance, Life.

Insurance of children. Askew, 1906, p. 122: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 117: Briefs.

Is life assurance at present conducted on safe and equitable principles? Rowton, p. 231: References.

Intelligence and morality.

Does the diffusion of intelligence promote general morality? Is ignorance productive of crime? Matson, p. 236: Briefs and references.

Intemperance. See Drink and opium.—Liquor question.

Intemperance and slavery. See Slavery and intemperance.

International copyright. See Copyright.

Internationalism.

Askew, 1906, p. 123: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 118: Briefs.

Intestacy.

Abolition of the law of intestacy. Askew, 1906, p. 124: Briefs and references.

Invasion of England. See England, Invasion of.

Ireland.

Abolition of the lord lieutenancy of Ireland. Askew, 1906, p. 124: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 122: Briefs.

Federal government in Great Britain and Ireland. Askew, 1906, p. 94: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 95: Briefs.

Ireland; is she overtaxed? Askew, 1906, p. 131: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 131: Briefs.

Irish members; their exclusion from imperial parliament in the event of the grant of home rule. Askew, 1906, p. 132; Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 132: Briefs.

Is devolution in Irish affairs desirable? Askew, 1906, p. 125: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 122: Briefs.

Is Ireland's want of prosperity to be attributed chiefly to English misrule? Matson, p. 193: Briefs and references.

Ireland. Home rule.

Home rule should be granted to Ireland. Brookings, p. 187: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Ireland; home rule. Askew, 1906, p. 126: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 124: Briefs.

Ought England to concede the Irish demand for home rule? Matson, p. 194: Briefs and references.

Ireland. Universities. See Colleges and universities.

Iron and gold. See Gold and iron.

Irrigation works.

The government ought to construct an extensive system of irrigation works. Brookings, p. 144: Briefs and references.

Irving and Hawthorne. See Hawthorne and Irving.

Japan. Anglo-Japanese alliance. See Anglo-Japanese alliance.

Japan-China war. See China-Japan war.

Japanese as American citizens.

Should the Japanese be eligible to American citizenship? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Jefferson and Hamilton. See Hamilton and Jefferson.

Jesuits.

Has Jesuitism been a greater evil than good? Matson, p. 480: Briefs and references.

Jews.

Anti-Semitism in Russia. Askew, 1906, p. 14: Briefs and references.

Is the creation of a Jewish state desirable and practicable? Askew, 1906, p. 132: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 133: Briefs.

John and Paul. See Paul and John.

Journalism.

Journalism; are signed articles desirable? Askew, 1906, p. 135: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 135: Briefs.

Judges.

The judges of the superior courts and the judges of the courts of appellate jurisdiction of the states should gain office by appointment of the state executive. Pearson, p. 345: Synopses of speeches, and references.

Judges, Recall of. See Recall of judges.

Jury system.

Askew, 1906, p. 135: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 135: Briefs.

Do the advantages of the jury system outweigh its evils? Is the jury system worthy of being retained? Should a three-fourths majority be sufficient for a decision by the jury? Matson, p. 158: Briefs and references.

In the state of (New York) a unanimous verdict should no longer be required in jury trials. Thomas, p. 194: Briefs.

Is the unanimity required from juries conducive to the attainment of the ends of justice? Rowton, p. 217: References.

Jury system should be abolished. Brookings, p. 55: Briefs and references.

Less than the whole number of the jury should be competent to render a verdict. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Should we abolish trial by jury? Gibson, p. 215: Briefs and references.

Trial by jury. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Juvenile court.

C. L. of P. Reference lists (affirmative).

Children's courts. Askew, 1906, p. 40: Briefs and references.

Kant.

Does Kant's "Critique of pure reason" give a true account of the origin and limitations of knowledge in the human mind? Do Kant's writings, taken together, afford a self-consistent and positive philosophical system? Was Kant a greater philosopher than Descartes? Matson, p. 438: Briefs and references.

Kempis, Thomas à, and Bunyan. See Bunyan and Thomas à Kempis.

Kindergarten system.

Askew, 1906, p. 136: Briefs and references.

Labor, Division of.

Does the division of labor, as it now exists, tend rather to hinder than to help individual development? Matson, p. 229: Briefs and references.

Is the division of labour now carried to hurtful excess? Gibson, p. 119: Briefs and references.

Labor and laboring classes.

Labor is more to blame for hard times than capitalists are. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

See also Child labor.—Chinese labor.—Home labor.—Machinery.

Labor party.

The best interests of the laboring classes would be advanced by the formation of a separate labor party. Brookings, p. 154: Briefs and references.

Organized labor should form a political party and actively enter politics. Thomas, p. 202: Briefs.

Labor unions. See Trade unions.

Laissez faire and state intervention.

Is the laissez faire, or let alone theory of government, the true one? Is the paternal theory of government the true one? Should state intervention be extended? Matson, p. 136: Briefs and references.

Land.

Enclosure of common-lands. Askew, 1906, p. 54: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 43: Briefs.

Peasant proprietorship. Askew, 1906, p. 174: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 180: Briefs.

Vacant land; its rating. Askew, 1906, p. 216: Briefs and references.

Land nationalization.

Askew, 1906, p. 136: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 136: Briefs.

Land values. See Single tax.

Landed gentry.

Are the landed gentry worth preserving? Gibson, p. 101: Briefs and references.

Language.

Is language of merely human origin? Matson, p. 542: Briefs and references.

Language, Universal.

Askew, 1906, p. 215: Briefs and references.

Language and thought. See Thought and language.

Latin, Study of. See Classical education.

Law.

Codification of the law [English]. Askew, 1906, p. 48: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 40: Briefs.

See also Legal education.—Legal ethics.

Leasehold enfranchisement.

Askew, 1906, p. 139: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 143: Briefs.

Legal education.

Reform of legal education. Askew, 1906, p. 142: Briefs.

Legal ethics.

Is a counsel justified in defending a prisoner of whose guilt he is cognizant? Gibson, p. 70: Briefs and references.

Is an advocate justified in defending a man whom he knows to be guilty of the crime with which he is charged? Rowton, p. 214: References.

A lawyer is justified in pleading for the acquittal of a man whom he knows to be guilty. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Legal tender.

Congress should take immediate steps towards the retirement of all the legal-tender notes. Alden, p. 230, 253: Speech and brief (negative).

Legislation, Direct. See Direct legislation.

Liar and hypocrite. See Hypocrite and liar.

Liberal party and Independent Labour party. See Independent Labour party and Liberal party.

Liberty of the press.

Should the liberty of the press be left by the government unrestricted? Matson, p. 167: Briefs and references.

Should the press be totally free? Rowton, p. 223: References.

Libraries.

Free libraries. Askew, 1906, p. 98: Briefs and references.

License. See Liquor question.

Life.

Is life worth living? Askew, 1906, p. 143: Briefs and references.

Is the average duration of human life increasing or diminishing? Rowton, p. 230: References.

Life insurance. See Insurance, Life.

Lincoln and Washington.

Can Lincoln justly be called as great a benefactor to his country as Washington? Matson, p. 116: Briefs and references.

Liquor question.

Abolition of tied houses. Askew, 1906, p. 209; Askew, 1911, p. 242: Briefs.

As society is constituted at present the liquor saloon performs desirable social functions. Robbins, p. 177: Briefs and references.

Compensation to publicans. Askew, 1906, p. 55: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 44: Briefs.

Free trade in drink. Askew, 1906, p. 73: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 80: Briefs.

High license is the best means of checking intemperance. Craig, p. 94: Speeches.

Is not intemperance the chief source of crime? Rowton, p. 231: References.

Is the legal prohibition of the manufacture and sale of spirituous liquors as a beverage right in principle and efficient in practice? Matson, p. 179: Briefs and references.

Should the drink traffic be nationalized? Gibson, p. 81: Briefs and references.

Should the licensing act (1904) be amended? Askew, 1906, p. 142: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 146: Briefs.

State prohibition is preferable to high license as a method of dealing with intemperance. Brookings, p. 172: Briefs and references.

Sunday closing of public houses. Askew, 1906, p. 205: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 224: Briefs.

Total abstinence. Askew, 1906, p. 1: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 1: Briefs.

See also Gothenburg system.—Local option.

Literary contests and athletics. See Athletics.

Literature.

Is the cheap literature of the age, on the whole, beneficial to general morality? Rowton, p. 229: References.

Literature and science.

Which has done more for the world, literature or science? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Liturgies.

Should nonconformists adopt liturgies? Gibson, p. 121: Briefs and references.

Livingstone and Columbus. See Columbus and Livingstone.

Local option.

Askew, 1906, p. 145; Askew, 1911, p. 149: Briefs.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Local option is the most satisfactory method of dealing with the liquor problem. Thomas, p. 184: Briefs.

Local veto. Askew, 1906, p. 146: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 149: Briefs.—Gibson, p. 248: Briefs and references.

Locke.

Has the influence of Locke's philosophy been greater than its intrinsic worth? Does the practical merit of Locke's philosophy atone for its want of breadth and comprehension? Matson, p. 436: Briefs and references.

London livery companies.

Livery companies (London); their abolition. Askew, 1906, p. 144: Briefs and references.

Longfellow and Bryant. See Bryant and Longfellow.

Lords, House of. See House of lords.

Louis XIV.

Was Louis XIV a great man? Rowton, p. 227: References.

Louis XVI.

Was the deposition of Louis XVI justifiable? Rowton, p. 216: References.

Loyola and Luther. See Luther and Loyola.

Luther and Calvin.

Did Luther contribute more to the promotion of the reformation than Calvin? Matson, p. 516: Briefs and references.

Luther and Loyola.

Which character is the more to be admired, that of Loyola or Luther? Rowton, p. 224: References.

Luxury.

The expensive social entertainments of the wealthy are of more benefit than injury to the country. Craig, p. 172: Speeches.

Should Parliament restrain excessive luxury? Gibson, p. 124: Briefs and references.

Lying. See Deception.—Hypocrite and liar.

Macedonia.

Should Europe interfere in Macedonia? Askew, 1906, p. 148: Briefs and references.

Machinery.

Has the introduction of machinery been generally beneficial to mankind? Rowton, p. 220: References.

Has the introduction of machinery done more harm than good? Gibson, p. 127: Briefs and references.

Has the use of machinery been, on the whole, beneficial to the laboring class? Matson, p. 228: Briefs and references.

Magistrates, Stipendiary.

Askew, 1906, p. 149; Askew, 1911, p. 157: Briefs.

Man.

Have the races of men a specific unity and a common origin? Are the races of men of diverse origin? Matson, p. 401: Briefs and references.

Is the evidence sufficient to prove the great antiquity of the human race? Matson, p. 399: Briefs and references.

Is the savage state the primitive and natural condition of man? Is savagism a degenerate condition of human nature? Matson, p. 402: Briefs and references.

Is there any ground for believing in the ultimate perfection and universal happiness of the human race? Rowton, p. 220: References.

Man and animals. See Human mind and brute mind.

Man's intellect and woman's. See Woman's intellect and man's.

Manufactures and commerce. See Commerce and manufactures.

Marathon and Waterloo.

Was the battle of Marathon more important in its results than the battle of Waterloo? Matson, p. 30: Briefs and references.

Markets (London). Municipal ownership. See Municipal ownership.

Marriage laws.

A constitutional amendment should be adopted giving Congress exclusive power to regulate marriage and divorce in the United States. Ringwalt, p. 194: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Reform of marriage laws. Askew, 1906, p. 152; Askew, 1911, p. 158: Briefs.

See also Deceased wife's sister.

Mary, queen of Scots.

Do the facts show the complicity of Mary, queen of Scots, in Darnley's assassination? Matson, p. 58: Briefs and references.

Was the execution of Mary, queen of Scots, justifiable? Matson, p. 59: Briefs and references.—Rowton, p. 207: References.

Mathematics and philosophy. See Philosophy and mathematics.

Mathematics and the classics. See Classics and mathematics.

Maurice and Newman. See Newman and Maurice.

Mayors.

All executive duties in American cities should be concentrated in the hands of the mayor and his appointments should not require confirmation. Brookings, p. 49: Briefs and references.

Mechanic and poet. See Poet and mechanic.

Mechanics.

Do the mechanicians of modern equal those of ancient times? Rowton, p. 215: References.

Mechanics' institutions.

Have mechanics' institutions answered the expectations of their founders? Rowton, p. 229: References.

Medical education for women.

Askew, 1906, p. 226: Briefs.

Memory and hope. See Hope and memory.

Men.

American men of the present day are lacking in chivalrous respect for women. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Mexico. Annexation to the United States.

Should Mexico be annexed to the United States? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Michael Angelo and Raphael.

Is Michael Angelo a greater artist than Raphael? Matson, p. 370: Briefs and references.

Microscope and telescope. See Telescope and microscope.

Middle ages.

Are there good grounds for applying the term "dark" to the middle ages? Rowton, p. 224: References.

Middleman, Elimination of.

Askew, 1906, p. 152: Briefs.

Military renown.

Is military renown a fit object of ambition? Rowton, p. 210: References.

Military service. See Army.

Milton and Dante. See Dante and Milton.

Milton and Goethe. See Goethe and Milton.

Milton and Homer.

Which was the greater poet, Milton or Homer? Rowton, p. 210: References.

Milton and Shakespeare. See Shakespeare and Milton.

Mind force and physical force.

Is all the force manifested in the material universe to be attributed to the immediate volition of God? Is mind the only real force and the first cause of all motion? Matson, p. 445: Briefs and references.

Ministers (of state).

Should ministers hold directorships? Askew, 1906, p. 153; Askew, 1911, p. 158: Briefs.

Ministers of the gospel.

May a Christian minister do as much good in pastoral work as by preaching? Matson, p. 499: Briefs and references.

Should clergymen be politicians? Matson, p. 502: Briefs and references.

Minorities, Rights of.

Askew, 1906, p. 153: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 159: Briefs.

Miser and spendthrift.

Which does the greater injury to society, the miser or the spendthrift? Rowton, p. 185: Briefs and references.

Misery and happiness. See Happiness and misery.

Missions.

Are modern Christian missions a failure? Gibson, p. 130: Briefs and references.

Mohammedanism.

Has the influence of Mohammedanism been more evil than good? Matson, p. 476: Briefs and references.

Monarchy.

Is a limited monarchy, like that of England, the best form of government? Rowton, p. 218: References.

Monarchy and republicanism.

Askew, 1906, p. 154: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Monasteries. See Convents and monasteries.

Money.

International money. Askew, 1906, p. 123: Briefs and references.

See also Bimetallism.—Gold.—Silver.—Tainted money.

Money and culture.

Do birth, breeding and culture count in society to-day when weighed against the power of money? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Mongolian race. See Yellow peril.

Monopolies. See Federal charter and federal control.—Trusts.

Monroe doctrine.

Askew, 1906, p. 155: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 159: Briefs.

The Monroe doctrine has been and will continue to be beneficial to the western hemisphere. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The Monroe doctrine should be continued as a part of the permanent foreign policy of the United States. Ringwalt, p. 84: Briefs and references.—Thomas, p. 198: Briefs.

The United States should resist by force if need be the colonization of South America by any European nation. Thomas, p. 192: Briefs.

Montaigne and Addison.

Is Montaigne a better essayist than Addison? Matson, p. 342: Briefs and references.

Morality.

Does morality increase with civilization? Rowton, p. 68: Speeches and references.

Is not private virtue essentially requisite to greatness of public character? Rowton, p. 47: Reference.

See also Immorality.

Morality and art. See Art and morality.

Morality and intelligence. See Intelligence and morality.

Moses and David.

Was Moses greater than David? Matson, p. 507: Briefs and references.

Mozart and Beethoven. See Beethoven and Mozart.

Mrs Grundy.

Ought we to obey Mrs Grundy? Gibson, p. 110: Briefs and references.

Municipal dwellings for the poor. See Housing problem.

Municipal ownership.

Cities of the United States should own their street railways. Speaker, v. 2, p. 400: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs and references.

Cities should own and control all the public franchises now conferred upon corporations. Craig, p. 337: Outlines.

Municipal gas supply. Gibson, p. 137: Briefs and references.

Municipal trading; shall it be restrained? Askew, 1906, p. 156: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 161: Briefs.

Municipal tramways. Gibson, p. 139: Briefs and references.

Municipalities in the United States should own and operate plants for supplying light, water, and surface transportation. Brookings, p. 132: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 134: Briefs and references.

Municipalities in the United States should own and operate plants for supplying light, water and transportation. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 8: Briefs, references and selected articles.

Municipalization of bakehouses. Askew, 1906, p. 23: Briefs and references.

Municipalization of docks (London). Askew, 1906, p. 72: Briefs and references.

Municipalization of gas supply. Askew, 1906, p. 103: Briefs and references.

Municipalization of London markets. Askew, 1906, p. 151: Briefs and references.

Street railways should be owned and operated by municipalities. Ringwalt, p. 184: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Music in streets. See Street music.

Mysticism.

Has mysticism a rightful place in philosophic and religious thought? Has Christian mysticism exerted, on the whole, a favorable influence in the promotion of true piety? Matson, p. 490: Briefs and references.

Napoleon.

Did the career of Napoleon Bonaparte make for human progress? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Is the career of Napoleon indefensible? Matson, p. 71: Briefs and references.

Is the character of Napoleon Bonaparte to be admired? Rowton, p. 199: Briefs and references.

Was the banishment of Napoleon to St. Helena justifiable? Matson, p. 74: Briefs and references.—Rowton, p. 221: References.

Napoleon and Cromwell.

Which was the greater man, Oliver Cromwell or Napoleon Bonaparte? Rowton, p. 207: References.

Napoleon and Hannibal.

Did Napoleon exhibit as great military genius as Hannibal? Matson, p. 75: Briefs and references.

Napoleon, Cæsar, Alexander the Great. See Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Napoleon.

Napoleon, Howard, Watt.

Which was the greatest man, Bonaparte, Watt, or Howard? Rowton, p. 189: Briefs and references.

National banks. See Banks, National.

National character. See Character, National.

National education. See Education, National.

National party in politics.

Askew, 1906, p. 158: Briefs and references.

National theatre. See Theatre, National.

National university.

Is the establishment of a national university by the general government desirable? Matson, p. 248: Briefs and references.

Naturalization.

Naturalization laws of the United States should be made more stringent. Ringwalt, p. 1: Briefs and references.

Statute requirements for naturalization in the United States should be increased. Thomas, p. 188: Briefs.

Naval adviser.

Is a naval adviser necessary? Askew, 1906, p. 159: Briefs.

Navigation and railroads.

The world owes more to navigation than to railroads. Craig, p. 135: Speeches.

Navy (United States). Increase.

The American navy should be substantially enlarged. Wisconsin University, no. 386: Arguments and references.

Congress should immediately provide for the further strengthening of the navy. Pearson, p. 293: Report of speeches, and references.

Congress should provide for a large increase in the strength of the navy. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Enlargement of the United States navy. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 7: Selected articles.

It is for the best interest of the United States to build and maintain a large navy. Brookings, p. 78: Briefs and references.

United States should maintain a large navy. Thomas, p. 176: Briefs.

Nebular hypothesis.

Does the nebular hypothesis furnish the best natural solution of the origin of the planetary and stellar worlds? Is the nebular hypothesis likely to win an established place in science? Matson, p. 388: Briefs and references.

Negro suffrage.

C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Fifteenth amendment. Speaker, v. 4, p. 115: References.

Fifteenth amendment to the constitution should be repealed. Ringwalt, p. 17: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 168: Briefs and references.

The methods by which the negroes in the Southern states are excluded from the franchise are justifiable. Thomas, p. 168: Briefs and references.

Ought the negro to have been enfranchised? Matson, p. 147: Briefs and references.

The suffrage should be taken from the negroes in the Southern states. Brookings, p. 6: Briefs and references.

United States government ought to interfere to protect the Southern negro in the exercise of the suffrage. Brookings, p. 3: Briefs and references.

Newman and Maurice.

Was J.H. Newman superior in ability, character and influence to F.D. Maurice? Matson, p. 522: Briefs and references.

Newspapers. Comic supplement. See Comic supplement.

Newton and Bacon. See Bacon and Newton.

Newton and Darwin. See Darwin and Newton.

Nicaragua canal.

United States ought to construct and operate the Nicaragua canal. Brookings, p. 65: Briefs and references.

United States should build and control the Nicaragua canal. Craig, p. 148: Speeches.

Nihilism.

The efforts of the Russian nihilists are entitled to the sympathy of a free people. Brookings, p. 195: Briefs and references.

Is Russian nihilism, considered as a political movement, justifiable? Matson, p. 186: Briefs and references.

Novels and novel-reading. See Fiction.

Oaths.

Is the administering of the oath a necessary and efficient means of securing the truth from witnesses or the faithful discharge of official duty? Should all civil and judicial oaths be abolished? Is the oath as required by human law in accordance with Scripture? Matson, p. 165: Briefs and references.

Is the use of oaths for civil purposes expedient? Rowton, p. 216: References.

Observation and reading. See Reading and observation.

Odyssey. See Iliad and Odyssey.

Old age pensions.

Askew, 1906, p. 159: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 163: Briefs.

Old age pensions would benefit society. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

State old-age pensions. Gibson, p. 141: Briefs and references.

A system of old age pensions should be adopted by the United States government. Robbins, p. 33: Briefs and references.—Thomas, p. 192: Briefs.

Oleomargarine.

Each state has the right to prohibit the sale of oleomargarine within its limits. Brookings, p. 149: Briefs and references.

Open shop and closed shop.

Employers of labor are justified in insisting on the "open" shop. Thomas, p. 194: Briefs.

The general welfare of the American people demands the open shop principle in our industries. Speaker, v. 2, p. 398: Report of speeches.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

In labor disputes workmen are justified in demanding as a condition of settlement that their employers agree to employ only members of trade unions. Pearson, p. 261: Speeches and references.

The movement of organized labor for the closed shop should receive the support of public opinion. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 16: Briefs, references and selected articles.—Wisconsin University, no. 395: Arguments and references.

Opium habit. See Drink and opium.

Opium trade.

Suppression of the opium trade in the East. Askew, 1906, p. 163: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 166: Briefs.

Opportunities for success. See Success.

Optimism and pessimism.

Is the world growing better? Gibson, p. 242: Briefs and references.

Is there more ground for the philosophy of optimism than for the philosophy of pessimism? Matson, p. 443: Briefs and references.

Oratory.

Is ancient oratory superior to modern? Matson, p. 280: Briefs and references.

Is modern equal to ancient oratory? Rowton, p. 196: Briefs and references.

Which does the most to make the orator, knowledge, nature or art? Rowton, p. 169: Speeches and references.

Osborne judgment.

Osborne judgment; should the law be altered? Askew, 1911, p. 168: Briefs.

Outdoor relief.

Should outdoor relief be encouraged? Askew, 1906, p. 165: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 170: Briefs.

Should we abolish outdoor relief? Gibson, p. 144: Briefs and references.

Painting, Schools of.

Impressionism in art versus the preraphaelite school. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Papacy. See Roman Catholic church. Papacy.

Paradise lost and Divine comedy. See Dante and Milton.

Parcels post.

The federal government should establish a parcels post. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 12: Briefs, references and selected articles.—Thomas, p. 192: Briefs.

The parcels post system advocated by Postmaster General George von L. Meyer should be established. Wisconsin University, no. 204:

References.—Wisconsin University, no. 458: Rev. ed. History, arguments, references.

The United States should establish a parcels post. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Parliament.

Ought official parliamentary expenses to be a local charge? Askew, 1906, p. 159; Askew, 1911, p. 163: Briefs.

Payment of members' and returning officers' expenses. Askew, 1906, p. 173: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 178: Briefs.

Redistribution. Askew, 1906, p. 191: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 198: Briefs.

Shorter Parliaments. Askew, 1906, p. 168: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 172: Briefs.

Should members of Parliament be delegates instead of representatives? Askew, 1906, p. 167: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 172: Briefs.

See also House of lords.

Parliamentary system and presidential system. See Presidential system and parliamentary system.

Parnell.

The memory of Charles Stewart Parnell deserves the gratitude of the Irish people. Brookings, p. 190: Briefs and references.

Parties, Political. See Political parties.

Party allegiance.

Every citizen should give allegiance to some organized political party. Thomas, p. 172: Briefs and references.

It is for the interests of good government that the citizen acts with his party in municipal elections. Brookings, p. 24: Briefs and references.

Party allegiance is preferable to independent action in politics. Brookings, p. 22: Briefs and references.

Party government. See Political parties.

Passive resistance.

Askew, 1906, p. 171: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 176: Briefs.

Is passive resistance justifiable? Gibson, p. 256: Briefs and references.

Patents.

Should all patents be abolished? Gibson, p. 146: Briefs and references.

Paul and John.

Has Paul been more influential, by his labors and writings, in the development and promotion of Christianity than John? Matson, p. 510: Briefs and references.

Pauper children.

Boarding out of pauper children. Askew, 1906, p. 171: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 176: Briefs.

Ought we to board out our pauper children? Gibson, p. 40: Briefs and references.

Pauperism and illiteracy.

Is pauperism as great an evil to society as illiteracy? Matson, p. 528: Briefs and references.

Peace.

Is universal peace probable? Rowton, p. 187: Briefs and references.

Peasant proprietorship. See Land.

The pen and the sword.

The pen is mightier than the sword. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

See also Warrior and statesman.

Penny postage. See Postal rates.

Pensions.

Is it the duty of a government to make ampler provision for the literary writers of the nation? Rowton, p. 227: References.

The pension policy of the Republican party has been wise. Brookings, p. 75: Briefs and references.

Pensions, Old age. See Old age pensions.

Periodicals.

Have we too many periodicals? Gibson, p. 148: Briefs and references.

Pessimism and optimism. See Optimism and pessimism.

Peter the Great and Frederick the Great. See Frederick the Great and Peter the Great.

Philippine islands.

Denney, p. 299: Beveridge-Hoar debate on the Philippine question.

The United States should permanently retain the Philippine islands. Ringwalt, p. 75: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 146: Briefs and references.

The United States should pledge to grant independence to the Philippine islands on or before 1940. Wisconsin University, no. 462: References.

Would it be advisable for our government to grant absolute independence to the people of the Philippine islands? Craig, p. 463: Speeches.

Philosophy and mathematics.

Does the study of philosophy afford a better mental discipline than the study of mathematics? Has mathematics a greater utility than philosophy? Matson, p. 259: Briefs and references.

Philosophy and poetry.

Which has done the greater service to truth, philosophy or poetry? Rowton, p. 214: References.

Photography and engraving.

Has photography done more to popularize art than engraving? Is photography of greater importance than engraving? Matson, p. 368: Briefs and references.

Physical force and mind force. See Mind force and physical force.

Planets.

Is it probable that the planets or other heavenly bodies are inhabited? Matson, p. 410: Briefs and references.

Plato and Aristotle.

Is Plato a greater philosopher than Aristotle? Is the philosophy of Plato, on the whole, superior to that of Aristotle? Matson, p. 425: Briefs and references.

Plato and Socrates.

Is philosophy as much indebted to Socrates as to Plato? Should Socrates be held in as high estimation as Plato? Matson, p. 423: Briefs and references.

Plural voting. See Ballot.

Plurality of worlds.

Is there a plurality of worlds? Matson, p. 410: Briefs and references.

Poet and mechanic.

Which is the more valuable member of society, a great mechanician or a great poet? Rowton, p. 208: References.

Poet and statesman. See Statesman and poet.

Poet, statesman, warrior. See Warrior, statesman, poet.

Poetry.

Is the present a poetical age? Rowton, p. 227: References.

Poetry and philosophy. See Philosophy and poetry.

Poetry and prose fiction.

Poetry is a more important element in literature than prose fiction. Wisconsin University, no. 254: Briefs.

Poetry and science.

Does the prevalence of natural science tend to check the poetic spirit? Matson, p. 363: Briefs and references.

Police.

Police; metropolitan and popular control. Askew, 1906, p. 176: Briefs and references.

Political parties.

Are the benefits of party government greater than its evils? Is the existence of parties necessary in a free government? Is party spirit productive of more evil than good? Matson, p. 143: Briefs and references.

Is the existence of parties in a state favorable to the public welfare? Rowton, p. 220: References.

Party government. Askew, 1906, p. 170: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 174: Briefs.

Party government; is it a useful or mischievous system? Gibson, p. 108: Briefs and references.

See also Independent Labour party.—Labor party.—National party.—Party allegiance.—Populist party.—Republican party.

Pooling.

The interstate commerce act should be so amended as to allow pooling. Brookings, p. 137: Briefs and references.

The United States should continue its present policy of opposing the combination of railroads. Speaker, v. 3, p. 93: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs.

Poor, Housing of the. See Housing problem.

Pope.

Ought Pope to rank in the first class of poets? Rowton, p. 220: References.

Pope and Dryden. See Dryden and Pope.

Pope (Roman Catholic church). See Roman Catholic church. Papacy.

Population.

The growth of population is advancing more rapidly than the resources for its comfortable maintenance permit. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Limited population. Askew, 1906, p. 176: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 183: Briefs.

Populist party.

Supporters of the Populist party have substantial grievances which their movement is likely to relieve. Brookings, p. 16: Briefs and references.

Postal rates.

United States should adopt penny postage. Craig, p. 86: Speeches.

Postal savings banks.

The federal government should establish a system of postal savings banks. Thomas, p. 190: Briefs.

It is not good policy for the government of the United States to establish a system of postal savings. Craig, p. 286: Speeches.

The postal savings bank scheme as advocated by Postmaster General Meyer should be put into operation in the United States. Pearson, p. 481: Report of debate, and references.

A system of postal savings banks should be established in the United States. Ringwalt, p. 151: Briefs and references.—Wisconsin University, no. 215: References.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Postal telegraph.

The government should maintain and operate a telegraph system in connection with the post-office. Ringwalt, p. 174: Briefs and references.

Should our national government establish postal telegraphy? Matson, p. 178: Briefs and references.

Poverty and wealth.

It is better to be born to poverty than to wealth. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

See also Crime.

Preaching.

Should all preaching be extempore? Should the written sermon be permitted to hold the place it has gained in general preaching? Matson, p. 501: Briefs and references.

Should political subjects be introduced into the pulpit? Matson, p. 502: Briefs and references.

Would not pulpit oratory become more effective if the clergy were to preach extemporaneously? Rowton, p. 231: References.

See also Pulpit and press.

Premature burial. See Burial, Premature.

President. Election.

The president of the United States should be elected by direct popular vote. Pattee, p. 96: Brief (affirmative).

Presidential electors should be chosen by districts instead of on a general ticket. Brookings, p. 30: Briefs and references.

Should the present method of electing the president be superseded by some other method? Should electors for president and vice-president be elected by the vote of the congressional districts, with two at large for each state, instead of upon general ticket? Should the president be elected by a direct popular vote, counted by federal numbers? or should the president be elected by a majority of the nation's voters, voting directly? Matson, p. 155: Briefs and references.

Should the president and the Senate of the United States be elected by a direct vote of the people? Craig, p. 258: Speeches.

President. Term of office.

The presidential term should consist of six years without subsequent re-election, instead of the present term of four years. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Presidential system and parliamentary system.

For the United States the presidential system is a better form of government than the parliamentary system. Pearson, p. 367: Report of debate, and references.—Speaker, v. 4, p. 248: Briefs and references.

Press, Liberty of. See Liberty of the press.

Press and pulpit. See Pulpit and press.

Primaries.

Nomination of officers by caucuses, or primaries, should be abandoned. Thomas, p. 164: Briefs.

State, county and city officers should be nominated by conventions rather than by direct primaries. Speaker, v. 6, p. 82: Briefs and references.

State, district, county and city officers should be nominated by direct primaries held under state regulation rather than by delegate convention. Robbins, p. 158: Briefs and references.

The system of direct primary nominations is preferable to that of nomination by caucus and convention. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 5: Briefs, references and selected articles.

Primitive man. See Man.

Primitive religion. See Religion.

Primogeniture.

Abolition of the law of primogeniture. Askew, 1911, p. 186: Briefs.

Printing-press and steam-engine.

Which has done the greater service to mankind, the printing press or the steam engine? Rowton, p. 153: Speeches and references.

Prison labor. See Convict labor.

Prisons.

Prison reform. Askew, 1906, p. 184: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 186: Briefs.

Should our prisons be reformed? Gibson, p. 150: Briefs and references.

Should the chief purpose of a prison be to punish or to reform? Matson, p. 162: Briefs and references.

See also Indeterminate sentence.—Punishment.

Private property at sea.

Private property at sea; should it be exempt from capture? Askew, 1911, p. 187: Briefs.

Probation after death.

Is the hypothesis of a probation after death rational and probable? Does human probation terminate at death? Matson, p. 494: Briefs and references.

Professionalism in foot-ball and in cricket.

Askew, 1906, p. 185: Briefs.

Profit-sharing.

Askew, 1906, p. 186: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 191: Briefs.

Is profit-sharing the cure for labour-troubles? Gibson, p. 153: Briefs and references.

Prohibition. See Liquor question.

Proportional representation.

Askew, 1906, p. 186: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 192: Briefs.

Legislative bodies should be chosen by a system of proportional representation. Ringwalt, p. 59: Briefs and references.

Members of the legislature of the state of Wisconsin should be chosen by a system of proportional representation. Wisconsin University, no. 225: References.

State legislatures should be elected by a system of proportional representation. Thomas, p. 168: Briefs and references.

Protection and free trade.

A high protective tariff raises wages. Brookings, p. 99: Briefs and references.

Imperial preferential tariffs. Askew, 1906, p. 177: Briefs and references.

Our legislation should be shaped toward the abandonment of the protective tariff. Pearson, p. 111: Synopsis of debate, and references.

Protection is preferable to free trade as a commercial policy for the United States. Ringwalt, p. 95: Briefs and references.

A protective tariff is a commercial and economic advantage to the United States. Thomas, p. 172: Briefs and references.

Shall we go back to protection? Gibson, p. 261: Briefs and references.

Tariff for revenue only is of greater benefit to the people of the United States than a protective tariff. Craig, p. 160: Speeches.

Tariff reform. Askew, 1911, p. 225: Briefs.

The tariff should be for revenue only. Foster, p. 380: Speech of F.H. Hurd (affirmative).

The time has now come when the policy of protection should be abandoned by the United States. Brookings, p. 96: Briefs and references.

Which is the true economic policy for nations, protection or free trade? Is protection or free trade the wiser policy for the United States? Should a tariff be levied exclusively for revenue? Does protection protect? Matson, p. 198: Briefs and references.

See also Steel.—Sugar.—Wool.

Psychical research.

Askew, 1906, p. 188: Briefs and references.

Public trustees.

Askew, 1911, p. 193: Briefs.

Publishers and authors. See Authors and publishers.

Pulpit and press.

Is the pulpit more influential than the press? Matson, p. 504: Briefs and references.

Which exerts the greater influence, the pulpit or the press? Gibson, p. 165: Briefs and references.

Pulpit oratory. See Preaching.

Punishment.

Should not all punishment be reformatory? Rowton, p. 218: References.

Punishment, Capital. See Capital punishment.

Punishment, Corporal. See Corporal punishment.

Punishment and reward.

The fear of punishment has a greater influence on human conduct than the hope of reward. Craig, p. 77: Speeches.

Has the fear of punishment, or the hope of reward, the greater influence on human conduct? Rowton, p. 209: References.

Puritan revolution.

Was the Puritan revolution justifiable? Matson, p. 61: Briefs and references.

Puritans.

Have the New England Puritans been censured too severely for their treatment of the Quakers and the so called witches? Matson, p. 78: Briefs and references.

Quarantine.

A national quarantine act is desirable. Brookings, p. 146: Briefs and references.

Quorum.

The principle of a present quorum as laid down in Reed's Rules is sound. Brookings, p. 85: Briefs and references.

Railroad pooling. See Pooling.

Railroad rates.

The cost of the service rendered by a railroad company should be made the basis for the regulation of its rates. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Railroads. Government ownership. See Government ownership. Railroads.

Railroads and navigation. See Navigation and railroads.

Raphael and Michael Angelo. See Michael Angelo and Raphael.

Reading and observation.

From which does the mind gain the more knowledge, reading or observation? Rowton, p. 213: References.

Reading and travel. See Travel and reading.

Reason and imagination. See Imagination and reason.

Reasoning, Inductive. See Inductive reasoning.

Recall.

The recall should be adopted in the United States as a measure of control by the people. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

The system of recall in use in Los Angeles, California, would be beneficial to the city of ——. Wisconsin University, no. 262: References.

Recall of judges.

All judges other than federal should be subject to the popular recall. Speaker, v. 7, p. 301: Briefs and references.

The recall of judges is constitutional and will further the best interests of the people of the United States. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Reciprocity.

The policy of concluding reciprocal commercial treaties with other nations is a wise one. Ringwalt, p. 105: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Reciprocity. United States and Canada.

Commercial reciprocity between the United States and Canada is desirable. Thomas, p. 178: Briefs.

It would be advantageous to the United States to admit Canadian coal and lumber free of duty. Speaker, v. 3, p. 95: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs.

It would be to the advantage of the United States to establish complete commercial reciprocity between the United States and Canada. Brookings, p. 102: Briefs and references.

A reciprocal commercial treaty should be concluded between the United States and Canada. Ringwalt, p. 113: Briefs and references.

See also Retaliation.

Reciprocity and free trade.

Fair trade (reciprocity) v. free trade. Askew, 1906, p. 90: Briefs and references.

Referendum.

Askew, 1906, p. 192: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 199: Briefs.

For and against the initiative and referendum for New York state. Speaker, v. 6, p. 431: Speeches and references.

Initiative and referendum. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 11: References and selected articles.

Initiative and referendum should be made a part of the legislative system of Ohio. Pearson, p. 67: Synopses of speeches, and references.

Initiative and referendum systems of enacting legislation should be adopted by Pennsylvania. Speaker, v. 3, p. 281: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: Briefs.

Is the adoption of the initiative and referendum practicable in this country? Craig, p. 487: Speeches.

Optional initiative and optional referendum should be adopted in state legislation. Robbins, p. 121: Briefs and references.

Should the referendum be introduced into English politics? Gibson, p. 169: Briefs and references.

The system of direct legislation by the people should be more generally adopted in the United States. Wisconsin University, no. 224: References.

Reformation and renaissance.

Has the reformation exerted more influence on modern civilization than the renaissance? Matson, p. 54: Briefs and references.

Reformer and conservative.

Is the reformer of greater importance to society than the conservative? Matson, p. 527: Briefs and references.

Registration of title to land.

Askew, 1906, p. 194: Briefs and references.

Relief, Outdoor. See Outdoor relief.

Religion.

Should theological difficulties be freely discussed? Gibson, p. 208: Briefs and references.

Was monotheism the primitive religion? Was polytheism the primitive religion? Was fetichism the primitive religion? Matson, p. 470: Briefs and references.

See also Authority (in religion).

Religion and art. See Art and religion.

Religion in the public schools.

Secular education. Askew, 1911, p. 86: Briefs.

See also Bible in the public schools.

Religious disability.

A man's religion should not affect his eligibility for public office. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Ought persons to be excluded from the civil offices on account of their religious opinions? Rowton, p. 221: References.

Religious education.

Must religious education be dogmatic? Askew, 1906, p. 80: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 84: Briefs.

Religious equality.

Askew, 1906, p. 86: Briefs and references.

Renaissance and reformation. See Reformation and renaissance.

Renaissance art and Greek art. See Greek art and renaissance art.

Rent.

Abolition of law of distress for rent. Askew, 1906, p. 70: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 75: Briefs.

Representation, Proportional. See Proportional representation.

Republican party.

The Republican party is entitled to popular support. Thomas, p. 170: Briefs and references.

The Republican party is entitled to the suffrages of intelligent citizens. Brookings, p. 13: Briefs and references.

Republicanism and monarchy. See Monarchy and republicanism.

Research, Scientific. See Scientific research.

Responsibility and insanity. See Insanity and responsibility.

Retaliation.

Gibson, p. 268: Briefs and references.

Reversionists, Rating of.

Askew, 1906, p. 195; Askew, 1911, p. 203: Briefs.

Revivals.

Are the growth and prosperity of the Christian church best promoted by revivals of religion? Matson, p. 496: Briefs and references.

Reward and punishment. See Punishment and reward.

Richard III.

Is there reasonable ground for believing that the character of Richard the Third was not so atrocious as is generally supposed? Rowton, p. 222: References.

Shakespeare's Richard III is not the true one. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Richard III and Charles II.

Which was the worse monarch, Richard the Third or Charles the Second? Rowton, p. 226: References.

Richelieu.

Were the results of Richelieu's policy beneficial to France? Matson, p. 66: Briefs and references.

Right to work bill.

Askew, 1911, p. 203: Briefs.

Ritualism, Suppression of.

Askew, 1906, p. 196: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 205: Briefs.

Roads.

Should the United States government build good roads? Craig, p. 503: Speeches.

Roman Catholic church.

Has the Roman Catholic church been, on the whole, a blessing to the world? Matson, p. 478: Briefs and references.

Roman Catholic church. Papacy.

Papal infallibility. Askew, 1906, p. 120: Briefs and references.

Was the papacy during the middle ages a beneficent power in European affairs? Matson, p. 44: Briefs and references.

Rome and England. See England and Rome.

Rome and Greece. See Greece and Rome.

Rousseau.

Has Rousseau's influence on modern thought been, on the whole, beneficial? Matson, p. 356: Briefs and references.

Rural schools. See Country schools.

Saloons. See Liquor question.

Salvation Army.

Is the Salvation Army calculated by its organization and methods to promote true Christianity among the lower classes? Is the Salvation Army entitled to the approval, encouragement and support of the Christian church? Matson, p. 498: Briefs and references.

San Domingo treaty.

The policy embodied in the pending treaty with Santo Domingo is a desirable departure in American diplomacy. Speaker, v. 2, p. 393: Briefs and references.

Satire.

Is not satire highly useful as a moral agent? Rowton, p. 228: References.

Scepticism. See Skepticism.

Schiller and Goethe. See Goethe and Schiller.

School curriculum.

Should the curriculum of the public schools be changed? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Schools.

Are public or private schools to be preferred? Rowton, p. 225: References.

Popular control of state-supported schools. Gibson, p. 251: Briefs and references.

See also Bible in the public schools.—Country schools.—Religion in the public schools.

Science and art. See Art and science.

Science and literature. See Literature and science.

Science and poetry. See Poetry and science.

Science and the classics. See Classical education.

Scientific research.

State endowment of scientific research. Askew, 1906, p. 197: Briefs.

Scotland, Church of.

Disestablishment of the Church of Scotland. Askew, 1906, p. 68; Askew, 1911, p. 73: Briefs.

Scott, Sir Walter.

Is the enduring fame of Scott dependent more on his novels than on his poems? Matson, p. 329: Briefs and references.

Secession.

The Southern states were justified in seceding. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Second ballot. See Ballot.

Secret societies.

Fraternities should be abolished in the high school. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Greek letter fraternities as existing at present in undergraduate colleges are detrimental to the best interests of the academic world. Speaker, v. 7, p. 316: Briefs and references.

Secret societies should not be permitted in secondary schools. Thomas, p. 206: Briefs.

Sects.

Does sectarianism spoil Christianity? Gibson, p. 178: Briefs and references.

Has the division of Protestant Christians into sects been, on the whole, injurious to the interests of true religion? Matson, p. 483: Briefs and references.

Senate rules.

The rules of the Senate ought to be so amended that general debate may be limited. Brookings, p. 83: Briefs and references.

Senators. Election.

A constitutional amendment should be adopted providing that United States senators be elected by direct vote of the people. Ringwalt, p. 67: Briefs and references.

A constitutional amendment should be secured by which senators shall be elected by direct vote of the people. Brookings, p. 32: Briefs and references.

Election of United States senators. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 6: References and selected articles.

Popular election of senators. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Should the president and the Senate of the United States be elected by a direct vote of the people? Craig, p. 258: Speeches.

United States senators should be elected by direct popular vote. Pearson, p. 377: Synopses of speeches, and references.

United States senators should be elected by direct vote of the people. Thomas, p. 162: Briefs and references.

Servetus and Calvin. See Calvin and Servetus.

Shakespeare.

Is it possible that the world will ever again possess a writer as great as Shakspeare? Rowton, p. 229: References.

See also Hamlet.—Richard III.—Taming of the shrew.

Shakespeare and Bacon. See Bacon-Shakespeare question.

Shakespeare and Goethe.

Was Shakespeare a greater genius than Goethe? Matson, p. 294: Briefs and references.

Shakespeare and Milton.

Which was the greater poet, Shakespeare or Milton? Rowton, p. 136: Speeches and references.

Shelley and Byron. See Byron and Shelley.

Sherman anti-trust law.

Sherman anti-trust law is hostile to the economic interests of the United States. Thomas, p. 208: Briefs.

Ship subsidies.

The federal government should grant financial aid to ships engaged in our foreign trade and owned by citizens of the United States. Pearson, p. 405: Synopses of speeches, and references.

The United States government should extend its system of ship subsidies. Thomas, p. 178: Briefs.

The United States should establish a more extensive system of shipping subsidies. Ringwalt, p. 121: Briefs and references.—Wisconsin University, no. 386: Arguments and references.

The United States should establish a system of shipping subsidies. Brookings, p. 107: Briefs and references.—Robbins, p. 189: Briefs and references.

Ships, Free. See Free ships.

Silver (currency).

Any further coinage of silver by the United States is undesirable. Brookings, p. 90: Briefs and references.

See also Bimetallism.

Simplified spelling. See Spelling reform.

Single tax.

Is the economic system of Henry George sound in its general principles and conclusions? Does poverty increase with progress? Is the private ownership of land wrong and productive of evil? Should there be a single tax levied on land values? Matson, p. 212: Briefs and references.

A single tax on land values is desirable. Ringwalt, p. 202: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

A single tax on land would be better than the present system of taxation. Brookings, p. 120: Briefs and references.

Taxation of ground values. Askew, 1906, p. 104: Briefs and references.

Taxation of land values. Askew, 1911, p. 140: Briefs.

Taxation of land values only forms the proper basis of taxation for the purpose of local government in the United States and Canada. Speaker, v. 7, p. 439: Synopsis of speeches, and references.

Skepticism and progress.

Has scepticism aided more than it has retarded the progress of truth? Matson, p. 488: Briefs and references.

Skepticism and superstition.

Which is the more baneful, skepticism or superstition? Rowton, p. 230: References.

Slavery.

Is the decline of slavery in Europe attributable to moral or to economical influences? Rowton, p. 225: References.

Was the overthrow of slavery in the United States effected more by the influence of moral than of political forces? Matson, p. 85: Briefs and references.

Slavery and intemperance.

Has slavery been a greater curse to mankind than intemperance? Matson, p. 538: Briefs and references.

Small holdings. See Allotments and small holdings extension.

Social equality.

Askew, 1906, p. 87: Briefs and references.

Social reform and the church. See Church, The.

Socialism.

Askew, 1906, p. 49: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 212: Briefs.—Gibson, p. 180: Briefs and references.

See also Coöperation.

Societies, Secret. See Secret societies.

Society and solitude. See Solitude and society.

Socrates.

Ought Socrates to have saved his life by a different defence or by escaping from prison? Matson, p. 89: Briefs and references.

Socrates and Plato. See Plato and Socrates.

Solitude and society.

Is solitude more favorable to mental and moral improvement than society? Matson, p. 534: Briefs and references.

Sophists.

Have the Greek sophists been unduly depreciated? Are the opinions and practices of the Greek sophists incapable of vindication? Matson, p. 421: Briefs and references.

South Africa.

Should natives be compelled to work? Askew, 1906, p. 199: Briefs and references.

Southern states. See Secession.

Spelling reform.

English spelling reform. Askew, 1906, p. 201: Briefs and references.

Is the radical change of English orthography to phonetic spelling desirable or practicable? Matson, p. 264: Briefs and references.

The simplified forms in the "Three hundred simplified spelling list" printed by the Simplified Spelling Board should be adopted by the people of the United States. Wisconsin University, no. 280: References.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Spendthrift and miser. See Miser and spendthrift.

Spenser and Chaucer. See Chaucer and Spenser.

Sport.

Askew, 1906, p. 202: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 220: Briefs.

Are we too fond of sport? Gibson, p. 188: Briefs and references.

Is sporting justifiable? Rowton, p. 212: References.

See also Athletics.—Foot-ball.

Spurgeon and Beecher. See Beecher and Spurgeon.

Stage. See Theatre.

State and church. See Church and state.

State and individual.

The less the state meddles with the individual the better. Gibson, p. 175: Briefs and references.

State intervention and laissez faire. See Laissez faire and state intervention.

State ownership. See Government ownership.

State rights. See Centralization and state rights.

Statesman and poet.

Which is the greater civilizer, the statesman or the poet? Rowton, p. 215: References.

Statesman, warrior, poet. See Warrior, statesman, poet.

Steam-engine and printing-press. See Printing-press and steam-engine.

Steel.

Present tariff on trust-made steel articles should be abolished. Wisconsin University, no. 279: References.

Stoicism.

Has the influence of stoicism been on the whole beneficial? Did stoicism as modified by its Roman teachers show a real approximation to Christianity? Matson, p. 431: Briefs and references.

Street music, Legislation against.

Askew, 1906, p. 202: Briefs.

Street railways. Municipal ownership. See Municipal ownership.

Strikes.

Are strikes right? Are strikes a benefit, on the whole, to the laboring class? Matson, p. 225: Briefs and references.

See also Chicago strike injunctions.

Student government.

Is a system of self-government by students in colleges desirable? Matson, p. 250: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Success.

The average young man of to-day has greater opportunities to make life a success financially than his forefathers. Craig, p. 199: Speeches.

Is success in life attained more by will than by good fortune? Matson, p. 535: Briefs and references.

Suffrage.

Adult suffrage. Askew, 1911, p. 2: Briefs.

Disfranchisement of illiterate voters. Askew, 1906, p. 222: Briefs.

If it were possible, a reasonable property qualification for the exercise of the municipal franchise in the United States would be desirable. Brookings, p. 11: Briefs and references.

If it were possible, would a property qualification for the exercise of the municipal franchise be desirable? Foster, p. 220: Brief and speech (negative).

Is universal manhood suffrage true in theory and best in practice for a representative government? Should an educational qualification be made a condition of enjoying the right of suffrage? Should a property qualification be made a condition of enjoying the right of suffrage? Is suffrage a natural right or a political privilege? Matson, p. 145: Briefs and references.

Manhood suffrage. Askew, 1906, p. 150: Briefs.—Gibson, p. 158: Briefs.

Suffrage in the United States should be restricted by an educational qualification. Thomas, p. 200: Briefs.

Suffrage should be restricted by an educational qualification. Ringwalt, p. 25: Briefs and references.

Tennessee should adopt an amendment to her constitution requiring an educational qualification for suffrage. Pearson, p. 243: Report of speeches, and references.

There should be a property qualification for the franchise in cities. Thomas, p. 204: Briefs.

Suffrage, Negro. See Negro suffrage.

Suffrage, Woman. See Woman suffrage.

Sugar.

Is it good policy for the government of the United States to place a tariff on sugar? Gibson, p. 266: Speeches.

Sugar should be admitted free of duty. Brookings, p. 110: Briefs and references.

A system of sugar bounties is contrary to good public policy. Brookings, p. 112: Briefs and references.

See also Brussels sugar convention.

Suicide.

Is suicide ever justifiable? Gibson, p. 197: Briefs and references.

Is suicide immoral? Askew, 1906, p. 204: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 223: Briefs.

Should there be legal enactments for the prevention of suicide? Matson, p. 164: Briefs and references.

Sunday.

Is our Sunday being spoiled? Gibson, p. 200: Briefs and references.

Sunday closing of public houses. See Liquor question.

Sunday opening of museums.

Askew, 1906, p. 206: Briefs and references.

Sunday-schools.

Are the results of Sunday schools satisfactory? Gibson, p. 203: Briefs and references.

Superstition and skepticism. See Skepticism and superstition.

The sword and the pen. See The pen and the sword.

Tacitus and Thucydides. See Thucydides and Tacitus.

Tainted money.

Money acquired by doubtful means should not be used for philanthropic purposes. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Taming of the shrew.

Did Petruchio adopt the best method of taming a shrew? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Tariff. See Protection and free trade.

Taste (æsthetics).

Is there any standard of taste? Rowton, p. 219: References.

Taxation.

Abolition of indirect taxation. Askew, 1906, p. 206: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 241: Briefs.

Our present system of taxation is the best that can be devised. Craig, p. 250: Speeches.

Rates; their division between owner and occupier. Askew, 1906, p. 191: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 198: Briefs.

Special assessment of land and buildings values. Askew, 1906, p. 201: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 17: Briefs.

Undeveloped land tax. Askew, 1911, p. 245: Briefs.

Voluntary taxation. Askew, 1906, p. 207: Briefs and references.

See also Bachelors.—Church property. Taxation.—Income tax.—Inheritance tax.—Single tax.

Telegraph. Government ownership. See Government ownership. Telegraphs, telephones.

Telegraph and telephone.

Is the telegraph more useful than the telephone? Matson, p. 415: Briefs and references.

Telephone. Government ownership. See Government ownership. Telegraphs, telephones.

Telephone and telegraph. See Telegraph and telephone.

Telescope and microscope.

Are the revelations of the telescope more wonderful than the revelations of the microscope? Matson, p. 414: Briefs and references.

Temperance. See Drink and opium.—Liquor question.

Tennyson and Browning. See Browning and Tennyson.

Territorial expansion (United States). See Imperialism (United States).

Text-books.

The city should furnish free text-books to high-school students. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

The free text-book system should be adopted. Wisconsin University, no. 387: Arguments and references.

Thackeray and Dickens.

Is Thackeray a greater novelist than Dickens? Matson, p. 331: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Theatre.

Has the stage a moral tendency? Rowton, p. 85: Speeches and references.

Is the theatre in its character and influence, as shown in the past and the present, more evil than good? Can the theatre be reformed? Should Christians never attend the theatre? Matson, p. 464: Briefs and references.

Ought Christians to attend the theatre? Gibson, p. 206: Briefs and references.

See also Censorship of the stage.—Drama.

Theatre, National.

Askew, 1906, p. 207: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 242: Briefs.

Thomas à Kempis and Bunyan. See Bunyan and Thomas à Kempis.

Thought and language.

Is thought possible without language? Is language identical with thought? Matson, p. 447: Briefs and references.

Thucydides and Tacitus.

Was Thucydides a greater historian than Tacitus? Matson, p. 285: Briefs and references.

Titles of honor.

Do titles operate beneficially in a community? Rowton, p. 231: References.

Total abstinence. See Liquor question.

Trade unions.

Are trade unions a benefit to the laboring class? Matson, p. 223: Briefs and references.

Are trades unions, on the whole, mischievous or beneficial? Gibson, p. 211: Briefs and references.

Labor organizations promote the best interests of workingmen. Brookings, p. 151: Briefs and references.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Labor unions. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Labor unions are advantageous to workingmen. Thomas, p. 208: Briefs.

Labor unions are beneficial to this country. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Labor unions as they now exist are, on the whole, beneficial to society in the United States. Pearson, p. 201: Report of debate, and references.

Reform of trade union law. Askew, 1906, p. 212: Briefs and references.

Trade unionism. Askew, 1906, p. 210: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 244: Briefs.

See also Open shop and closed shop.—Osborne judgment.

Travel and reading.

Which is the better means of culture, travel or reading? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Trial by jury. See Jury system.

Trusts.

All trusts and combinations intended to monopolize industries should be prohibited. Brookings, p. 134: Briefs and references.

The anti-trust laws should be amended to permit fair and reasonable combinations and monopolies. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Are monopolies, on the whole, more a good than an evil to the public? Is the present general tendency to minimize competition by the formation of monopolies an evil? Matson, p. 215: Briefs and references.

Are private monopolies public evils? Gibson, p. 134: Briefs and references.

Are the so called trusts, in their working and influence, a benefit to the public? Do trusts threaten our institutions so as to warrant adverse legislation? Are trusts, in their tendency, subversive of industrial liberty? Matson, p. 217: Briefs and references.

The formation of trusts should be opposed by legislation. Alden, p. 257: Brief (negative).

Further federal legislation in respect to trusts and industrial combinations is desirable. Ringwalt, p. 131: Briefs and references.

Is a well-managed trust beneficial to the general public? Craig, p. 538: Speeches.

Present tariff on trust-made steel articles should be abolished. Wisconsin University, no. 279: References.

Trusts and monopolies are a positive injury to the people financially. Craig, p. 327: Outlines.

See also Federal charter and federal control.—Sherman anti-trust law.

Turkey.

Would the subversion of the Turkish empire be a gain to its subjects and to Europe as a whole? Matson, p. 185: Briefs and references.

Unemployed.

Cities should employ labor when the private demand for it is largely inadequate. Thomas, p. 182: Briefs.

General Booth's employment system as outlined in "Darkest England" should be adopted in this country. Brookings, p. 160: Briefs and references.

In times of depression municipalities should give work to the unemployed. Brookings, p. 168: Briefs and references.

State intervention for the unemployed. Askew, 1906, p. 213: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 246: Briefs.

See also Farm colonies.

Unions. See Trade unions.

Unitarianism.

Has the influence of American Unitarianism been favorable to Christianity? Matson, p. 484: Briefs and references.

United States.

Are the conservative forces in our nation sufficient to insure its perpetuity? Matson, p. 153: Briefs and references.

Is it probable that America will hereafter become the greatest of nations? Rowton, p. 226: References.

United States. Army. Increase. See Army (United States). Increase.

United States. Imperialism. See Imperialism (United States).

United States. Navy. Increase. See Navy (United States). Increase.

United States. Territorial expansion. See Imperialism (United States).

United States government and English government. See English government and United States government.

Universities. See Colleges and universities.

University, National. See National university.

University extension.

Askew, 1906, p. 215: Briefs and references.

Usury.

Should usury laws be repealed? Matson, p. 231: Briefs and references.

Utility.

Is the principle of utility a safe moral guide? Rowton, p. 216: References.

Vaccination.

Askew, 1906, p. 216: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 250: Briefs.

Should vaccination be enforced by law? Gibson, p. 218: Briefs and references.

Vegetarianism.

Askew, 1906, p. 219: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 252: Briefs.

Venezuela.

Resolved that we endorse President Cleveland's message relating to the Venezuelan boundary. Alden, p. 236: Speech (affirmative).

Vice and virtue.

Does not virtue necessarily produce happiness and does not vice necessarily produce misery in this life? Rowton, p. 213: References.

Victorian literature and Elizabethan literature. See Elizabethan literature and Victorian literature.

Virgil. See Iliad and Æneid.

Virtue and vice. See Vice and virtue.

Vivisection.

Askew, 1906, p. 220: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 254: Briefs.

Is the practice of vivisection for scientific purposes justifiable? Is vivisection cruel and unnecessary? Matson, p. 409: Briefs and references.

Should we prohibit vivisection? Gibson, p. 222: Briefs and references.

Voltaire.

Has the influence of Voltaire, through his writings, been on the whole beneficent? Matson, p. 354: Briefs and references.

Voting. See Ballot.

Wages.

Fair wages clause in public contracts. Askew, 1906, p. 92: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 94: Briefs.

For work the same in kind, quantity and quality, should woman receive the same wages as man? Should woman receive the same wages as man for work or service of equal value? Matson, p. 232: Briefs and references.

Wages boards. Askew, 1911, p. 257: Briefs.

Wagner.

Has Wagner made an important improvement in musical theory and practice? Is Wagner's musical drama likely to be the music of the future? Should Wagner be ranked with the great masters in music? Matson, p. 374: Briefs and references.

Wales, Church of.

Disestablishment of the church in Wales. Askew, 1906, p. 69: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 74: Briefs.

War.

Have the necessary evils of war, in the history of the world, outweighed the good results it has produced? Matson, p. 536: Briefs and references.

Is war in any case justifiable? Rowton, p. 212: References.

Ought Christians to be soldiers? Gibson, p. 226: Briefs and references.

See also Arbitration, International.—Armaments.—Disarmament.

Warrior and statesman.

The warrior does more good for his country than the statesman. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

See also The pen and the sword.

Warrior, statesman, poet.

Which is of the greatest benefit to his country, the warrior, the statesman or the poet? Rowton, p. 17: Speeches and references.

Washington and Alfred the Great. See Alfred the Great and Washington.

Washington and Franklin. See Franklin and Washington.

Washington and Lincoln. See Lincoln and Washington.

Water-power.

Congress should provide for the regulation of all water power, constitutionality conceded. C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Waterloo and Marathon. See Marathon and Waterloo.

Watt, Howard, Napoleon. See Napoleon, Howard, Watt.

Wealth.

Can a man get rich honestly? Gibson, p. 172: Briefs and references.

The state should limit by law the amount of wealth to be accumulated by any one person. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

See also Luxury.

Wealth and poverty. See Poverty and wealth.

Webster and Clay.

Were the public services of Webster more valuable to the country than the public services of Clay? Matson, p. 124: Briefs and references.

Wesley and Calvin. See Calvin and Wesley.

White races and dark races. See Dark races and white races.

Wilberforce and Howard. See Howard and Wilberforce.

Will, Freedom of. See Free will.

Williams, Roger.

Was the banishment of Roger Williams justifiable? Matson, p. 80: Briefs and references.

Wine in the communion service.

Should unfermented wine be used at the communion table? Gibson, p. 231: Briefs and references.

Witches.

Have the New England Puritans been censured too severely for their treatment of the Quakers and the so called witches? Matson, p. 78: Briefs and references.

Woman suffrage.

Debaters' handbook ser., no. 13: References and selected articles.

In the United States the right of suffrage should be granted to women. Robbins, p. 196: Briefs and references.—Thomas, p. 190: Briefs.

Should the suffrage be extended to woman? Matson, p. 148: Briefs and references.

Should women have the parliamentary franchise? Gibson, p. 238: Briefs and references.

Suffrage should be given to women. Ringwalt, p. 8: Briefs and references.—Wisconsin University, no. 214: References.—C. L. of P. Debates: References.

Woman suffrage is desirable. Brookings, p. 8: Briefs and references.

Woman suffrage should be adopted by an amendment to the constitution of the United States. Craig, p. 127: Speeches.

Women suffrage. Askew, 1906, p. 227: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 262: Briefs.

Woman's intellect and man's.

Are the mental capacities of the sexes equal? Rowton, p. 34: Speeches and references.

Is the intellect of woman essentially inferior to that of man? Matson, p. 543: Briefs and references.

Which exercises the greater influence on the civilization and happiness of the human race, the male or the female mind? Rowton, p. 221: References.

Woman's wages. See Wages.

Women.

American men of the present day are lacking in chivalrous respect for women. C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Women. Education.

Does the education of girls tend toward a better home life? C. L. of P. Reference lists.

Higher education of women. Askew, 1906, p. 224: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 260: Briefs.

Women and university degrees. Askew, 1906, p. 223: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 259: Briefs.

See also Medical education for women.

Women. Employment.

Employment of women. Debaters' handbook ser., no. 3: References and selected articles.

Married women as workers. Askew, 1906, p. 225: Briefs and references.—Askew, 1911, p. 261: Briefs.

Ought we to let women work for their own living? Gibson, p. 234: Briefs and references.

Wool.

A system of duties on wool and woollens is undesirable. Brookings, p. 115: Briefs and references.

Wordsworth and Byron.

Which was the greater poet, Wordsworth or Byron? Rowton, p. 230: References.

Wordsworth and Coleridge.

Was Wordsworth a greater poet than Coleridge? Matson, p. 309: Briefs and references.

Workingmen and the church. See Church, The.

World growing better? See Optimism and pessimism.

Yellow peril.

The rapid awakening of the Mongolian race is perilous to the Caucasian supremacy of the world. Robbins, p. 204: Briefs and references.

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