The Project Gutenberg eBook of 瀛涯勝覽

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Title: 瀛涯勝覽

Author: active 1414-1451 Huan Ma

Release date: December 23, 2007 [eBook #23981]

Language: Chinese

Credits: Produced by Jun-Bi Lai

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 瀛涯勝覽 ***

Produced by Jun-Bi Lai

瀛涯勝覽

馬敬序　 昔蕭何入關，惟取圖籍﹔玄齡克城，獨採人物，使民筆之，良有以也。洪惟我朝太宗文皇帝、宣宗章皇帝，咸命太監鄭和率領豪俊，跨越海外，與諸番貨，其人物之豐偉，舟楫之雄壯，才藝之巧妙，蓋古所未有。然也二帝之心，豈真欲誇多鬥靡於遠方哉！蓋聲名施及蠻貊，使普天之下，含靈蠢動悉沾德化，莫不知有其君而尊親焉。然奉命而往者，吾不知幾千萬人，而盡厥事稱厥旨者，舍吾山陰宗道馬公其誰乎？公以才幹優裕，首膺斯選，三入海洋，遍歷番國，金帛寶貨略不私己，而獨編次《瀛涯勝覽》一帙以歸。其載島夷地之遠近，國之沿革，疆界之所接，城郭之所置，與夫衣服之異，食用之殊，刑禁制度，風俗出產，莫不悉備。公之用心，蓋欲使後之人，於千載之下，知國家道同天地，化及蠻夷，有若是之盛也。他日史氏大書，表公之心，將與蕭房同垂名於不朽，詎不偉歟！　　正統甲子菊月前一日，錢唐馬敬書。

馬歡序　　余昔觀《島夷志》，載天時氣候之別，地理人物之異，慨然歎曰：普天下何若是之不同耶！永樂十一年癸巳，太宗文皇帝勑命正使太監鄭和，統領寶船往西洋諸番開讀賞賜。余以通譯番書，亦被使末，隨其所至，鯨波浩渺，不知其幾於萬里，歷涉諸邦，其天時氣候、地理人物、目擊而身履之。然後知《鳥夷志》所著者不誣，而尤有大可奇怪者焉。於是採摭各國人物之醜美，壤俗之異同，與夫土產之別，疆域之制，編次成帙，名曰《瀛涯勝覽》。俾屬目者一顧之頃，諸番事實悉得其要，而尤見夫聖化所及，非前代之可比。第愧愚昧，一介微氓，叨陪使節，與斯勝覽，誠千載之奇遇也。　　是帙也，措意遺詞，不能文飾，但直筆書其事而已。覽者毋以膚淺誚焉。是為序。大明永樂十四年歲次丙申黃鍾月吉旦，會稽山樵馬歡述

占城國　　其國即釋典所謂王舍城也。在廣東海南大海之南。自福建福川府長樂縣五虎門開船往西南行，好風十日可到。其國南連真臘，西接交趾界，東北俱臨大海。國之東北百里有一海口，名新州港，岸有一石塔為記，諸處船隻到此艤泊登岸。岸有一寨，番名設比奈，以二頭目為主。番人五六十家，居內以守港口。西南百里到王居之城，番名曰占城。其城以石壘，開四門，令人把守。　　國王係鎖俚人，祟信釋教，頭戴金鈒三山玲瓏花冠，如中國副淨者所戴之樣。身穿五色線細花番布長衣，下圍色絲手巾。跣足，出入騎象，或乘小車，以二黃牛前拽而行。頭目所戴之冠，用茭蔁葉為之，亦如其王所戴之樣，但以金彩妝飾，內分品級高低。所穿顏色衣衫，長不過膝，下圍各色番布手巾。王居屋宇高大，上蓋細長小瓦，四圍牆垣用磚灰妝砌甚潔，其門以堅木雕刻獸畜之形為飾。民居房屋用茅草蓋覆，簷高不得過三尺，出入躬身低頭，高者有罪。服色禁白衣，惟王可穿。民下玄黃紫色並許穿，衣服白者死罪。國人男子髼頭，婦人撮髻腦後。身體俱黑，上穿禿袖短衫，下圍色絲手巾，赤腳。　　氣候暖熱，無霜雪，常如四五月之味。草木常青，山產烏木、伽藍香、觀音竹、降真香。烏木甚潤黑，絕勝他國出者。伽藍香惟此國一大山出產，天下再無出處，其價甚貴，以銀對換。觀音竹如細藤棍樣，長一丈七八尺，如鐵之黑，每一寸有二三節，他所不出。　　犀牛象牙甚廣。其犀牛如水牛之形，大者有七八百斤，滿身無毛，黑色，生鱗甲，紋癩厚皮，蹄有三跲，頭有一角，生於鼻樑之中，長者有一尺四五寸。不食草料，惟食刺樹刺葉，並食大乾木，拋糞如染坊黃櫨楂。其馬低小如驢。水牛、黃牛、豬、羊俱有，鵝鴨稀少。雞矮小，至大者不過二斤，腳高寸半，及二寸止。其雄雞紅冠白耳，細腰高尾，人拿中亦啼，甚可愛也。果有梅、橘、西瓜、甘蔗、椰子、波羅蜜、芭蕉子之類。其波羅蜜如冬瓜之樣，外皮似川荔枝，皮內有雞子大塊黃肉，味如蜜。中有子如雞腰子樣，炒吃味如栗子。蔬菜則有冬瓜、黃瓜、葫蘆、芥菜、蔥薑而已，其餘果菜並無。人多以漁為業，少耕種，所以稻穀不廣。土種米粒細長多紅者。大小麥俱無。檳榔、荖葉，人不絕口而食。　　男女婚姻，但令男子先至女家，成親畢，過十日或半月，其男家父母及諸親友以鼓樂迎取夫婦回家，則置酒作樂。其酒則以飯拌藥，封於甕中候熟。欲飲，則以長節小竹筒長三四尺者插入酒甕中，環坐，照人數入水，輪次咂飲。吸乾再添入水而飲，至無味則止。　　其書寫無紙筆，用羊皮搥薄，或樹皮薰黑，摺成經摺，以白粉載字為記。　　國刑，罪輕者以藤條杖脊，重者截鼻。為盜者斷手，犯奸者男女烙面成疤痕。罪甚大者，以硬木削尖立於小船樣木上，放水中令罪人坐於尖木之上，木從口出而死，就留水上以示眾。　　其日月之定無閏月，但十二月為一年，晝夜分為十更，用鼓打記。四時以花開為春，葉落為秋。　　其王年節日，用生人膽汁調水沐浴，其各處頭目採取進納，以為貢獻之禮。其國王為王三十年，則退位出家，令弟兄子姪權管國事。王往深山待齋受戒，或吃素。獨居一年，對天誓曰：「我先為王，在位無道，願狼虎食我，或病死之。」若一年滿足不死，再登其位，復管國事。國人呼為「昔唆馬哈刺劄」，此至尊至聖之稱也。　　其曰屍頭蠻者，本是人家一婦女也，但眼無瞳，人為異。夜寢則飛頭去，食人家小兒糞尖，其兒被妖氣侵腹必死。飛頭回合其體，則如舊。若知而候頭飛去時，移體別處，回不能合則死。於人家若有此婦不報官，除殺者，罪及一家。　　再有一通海大潭，名鱷魚潭。如人有爭訟難明之事，官不能決者，則令爭訟二人騎水牛赴過其潭。理虧者鱷魚出而食之﹔理直者雖過十次，亦不被食。最可奇也。　　其海邊山內有野水牛，甚狠。原是人家耕牛，走入山中，自生自長，年深成群。但見生人穿青者，必趕來抵觸而死，甚惡也。　　番人甚愛其頭，或有觸其頭者，如中國殺人之恨。　　其買賣交易使用七成淡金，或銀。中國青磁、盤碗等品，紵絲、綾絹、燒珠等物，甚愛之，則將淡金換易，常將犀角、象牙、伽藍香等物進貢中國。

爪哇國　　瓜哇國者，古名闍婆國也。其國有四處，皆無城郭。其他國船來，先至一處名杜板。次至一處名新村，又至一處名蘇魯馬益。再至一處名滿者伯夷，國王居之。其王之所居以磚為牆，高三丈餘，周圍約有二百餘步。其內設重門甚整潔，房屋如樓起造，高每三四丈，即布以板，鋪細藤簟，或花草蓆，人於其上盤膝而坐。屋上月硬木板為瓦，破縫而蓋。國人住屋以茅草蓋之。家家俱以磚砌土庫，高三四尺，藏貯家私什物，居止坐臥於其上。國王之絆，髼頭或帶金葉花冠，身無衣袍，下圍絲嵌手巾一二條，再用錦綺或紵絲纏之於腰，名曰壓腰。插一兩把短刀，名不刺頭。赤腳出入，或騎象，或坐牛車。國人之絆，男子髼頭，女子椎髻，上穿衣，下圍手巾。男子腰插不剌頭一把，三歲小兒至百歲老人皆有此刀，皆是兔毫雪花上等鑌鐵為之。其柄用金或犀角、象牙，雕刻人形鬼面之狀，製極細巧。　　國人男婦皆惜其頭，若人以手觸摸其頭，或買賣之際錢物不明，或酒醉顛狂，言語爭競，便拔此刀刺之，強者為勝。若戳死人，其人逃避三日而出，則不償命。若當時捉住，隨亦戳死。國無鞭笞之刑，事無大小，即用細藤背縛兩手，擁行數步，則將不刺頭於罪人腰眼或軟肋一二刺即死。其國風土，無日不殺人，甚可畏也。　　中國歷代銅錢通行使用。　　杜板番名賭斑，地名也。此處約千餘家，以二頭目為主。其間多有中國廣東及漳州人流居此地。雞、羊、魚、菜甚賤。　　海灘有一小池，甘淡可飲，曰是聖水。傳言大元時命將史弼、高興征伐闍婆，經月不得登岸，船中之水已盡，軍士失措。其二將拜天祝曰：「奉命伐蠻，天若與之則泉生﹔不與則泉無。」禱畢，奮力插輪海灘，泉水隨槍插處湧出，水味甘淡，眾飲而得全生。此天賜之助也，至今存焉。　　於杜板投東行半日許，至新村，番名曰革兒昔。原係沙灘之地，蓋因中國之人來此創居，遂名新村，至今村主廣東人也。約有千餘家，各處番人多到此處買賣。其金子諸般寶石一應番貨多有賣者，民甚殷富。自新村投南船行二十餘里，到蘇魯馬益，番名蘇兒把牙。其港口流出淡水，自此大船難進，用小船行二十餘里始至其地。亦有村主，掌管番人千餘家，其間亦有中國人。其港口有一洲，林木森茂，有長尾猢猻萬數聚於上。有一黑色老雄獮猴為主，卻有一老番婦隨伴在側。其國中婦人無子嗣者，備酒飯果餅之類，往禱於老獼猴，其老猴喜，則先食其物，餘令眾猴爭食，食盡，隨有二猴來前交感為驗。此婦回家，即便有孕，否則無子也，甚為可怪。　　自蘇兒把牙小船行七八十里到埠頭，名章姑。登岸投西南行一日半到滿者伯夷，即王之居處也。其處番人二三百家，頭目七八人以輔其王。天氣長熱如夏，田稻一年二熟，米粒細白，芝麻菉豆皆有，大小二麥絕無。土產蘇木、金剛子、白檀香、肉豆蔲、蓽撥、斑貓、鑌鐵、龜筒、玳瑁，奇禽有白鸚鵡如母雞大，紅綠鶯哥、五色鶯哥、鷯哥，皆能效人言語﹔珍珠雞、倒掛鳥、五色花斑鳩、孔雀、檳榔雀、珍珠雀、綠斑鳩之類。異獸有白鹿、白猿猴等畜，其豬羊牛馬雞鴨皆有，但無驢與鵝耳。　　果有芭蕉子、椰子、甘蔗、石榴、蓮房、莽吉柿、西瓜、郎級之類。其莽吉柿如石榴樣，皮內如橘囊樣，有白肉四塊，味甜酸，甚可食。郎級如枇杷樣，略大，內有白肉三塊，味亦甜酸。甘蔗皮白麄大，每根長二三丈。其餘瓜、茄、蔬菜皆有，獨無桃李韮菜。　　國人坐臥無牀凳，吃食無匙箸，男婦以檳榔荖葉聚灰不絕口，欲吃飯時，先將水嗽出口中檳榔渣，就洗兩手乾淨，圍坐，用盤滿盛其飯，澆酥油湯汁，以手撮入口中而食。若渴則飲水，遇賓客往來無茶，止以檳榔待之。　　國有三等人：一等回回人，皆是西番各國為商，流落此地，衣食諸事皆清致﹔一等唐人，皆是廣東、漳、泉等處人竄居是地，食用亦美潔，多有從回回藪門受戒待齋者﹔一等土人，形貌甚醜異，猱頭赤腳，祟信鬼教，佛書言鬼國其中，即此地也。人吃食甚是穢惡，如虵蟻及諸蟲蚓之類，略以火燒微熟便吃。家畜之犬與人同器而食，夜則共寢，略無忌憚。舊傳鬼子魔王青面紅身赤，正於此地與一罔象相合，而生子百餘，常啖血為食，人多被食。忽一日雷震石裂，中坐一人，眾稱異之，遂推為王。即令精兵驅逐罔象等眾而不為害，後復生齒而安焉。所以至今人好兇強。　　年例有一竹輪會，但以十月為春首。國王令妻坐一塔車於前，自坐一車於後。其塔車高丈餘，四面有窗，下有轉軸，以馬前拽而行。至會所，兩邊擺列隊伍，各執竹輪一根。其竹輪實心無鐵刃，但削尖而甚堅利。對手男子各攜妻奴在彼，各妻手執三尺短木棍立於其中。聽鼓聲緊慢為號，二男子執輪進步抵戳，交鋒三合，二人之妻各持木棍格之曰「那剌那剌」則退散。設被戳死，其王令勝者與死者家人金錢一個，死者之妻隨勝者男子而去。如此勝負為戲。　　其婚姻之禮，則男子先至女家，成親三日後迎其婦。男家則打銅鼓銅鑼，吹椰殼筒，及打竹筒鼓并放火銃，前後短刀團牌圍繞。其婦被裸體跣足，圍繫絲嵌手巾，項佩金珠聯絡之飾，腕帶金銀聲裝之鑼。親朋鄰里以檳榔荖葉線紉草花之類，妝飾彩船而伴送之，以為賀喜之禮。至家則鳴鑼擊鼓，飲酒作樂，數日而散。　　凡喪葬之禮，如有父母將死，為兒女者先問於父母，死後或犬食，或火化，或棄水。其父母隨心所願而囑之，死後即依遺言所斷送之。若欲犬食者，即擡其屍至海邊，或野外地上，有犬十數來食盡屍肉無遺為好﹔如食不盡，子女悲號哭泣，將遺骸棄水中而去。又有富人及頭目尊貴之人將死，則手下親厚婢妾先與主人誓曰「死則同住」，至死後出殯之日，木搭高棰，下垛柴堆，縱火焚棺，候燄盛之際，其原誓婢妾二三人，則滿頭帶草花，身披五色花手巾，登跳號哭良久，攛下火內，同主屍焚化，以為殉葬之禮。　番人殷富者甚多，買賣交易行使中國歷代銅錢。書記亦有字，如銷俚字同。無紙筆，用茭蔁葉以尖刀刻之。亦有文法，國語甚美軟。　　斤秤之法，每斤二十兩，每兩十六錢，每錢四姑邦，每姑邦該官秤二分一釐八毫七絲五忽。每錢該官秤八分七釐五毫，每兩該官秤一兩四錢，每斤該官秤二十八兩。升斗之法，截竹為升，為一姑刺，該中國官升一升八合。每番鬥一鬥為一黎，該中國官鬥一鬥四升四合。　　每月至十五十六夜，月圓清明之夜，番婦二十餘人或三十餘人聚集成隊，═婦為首，以臂膊遞相聯綰不斷，於月下徐步而行。為首者口唱番歌一句，眾皆齊聲和之，到親戚富貴之家門首，則贈以銅錢等物。名為步月行樂而已。　　有一等人以紙畫人物鳥獸鷹蟲之類，如手卷樣，以三尺高二木為畫幹，止齊一頭。其人蟠膝坐於地，以圖畫立地，每展出一段，朝前番語高聲解說次段來歷。眾人圜坐而聽之，或笑或哭，便如說平話一般。　　國人最喜中國青花磁器，并麝香、銷金紵絲、燒珠之類，則用銅錢買易。國王常差頭目以船隻裝載方物進貢中國。

舊港國　　舊港，即古名三佛齊國是也。番名曰浡淋邦，屬瓜哇國所轄。東接爪哇國，西接滿剌加國界，南距大山，北臨大海。諸處船來，先至淡港，入彭家門，繫船於岸。岸上多磚塔。用小船入港內，則至其國。國人多是廣東、漳、泉州人逃居此地。人甚富饒。地土甚肥，諺云「一季種穀，三季收稻」，正此地也。地方不廣，人多操習水戰，其處水多地少。頭目之家都在岸地造屋而居，其餘民庶皆在木筏上蓋屋居之，用樁纜拴繫在岸，水長則筏浮，不能淹沒。或欲於別處居者，則起樁連屋移去，不勞搬徙。其港中朝暮二次暗長潮水。國人風俗婚姻死喪之禮，以至言語及飲食、衣服等事，亦皆與爪哇相同。　　昔洪武年間，廣東人陳祖義等全家逃於此處，充為頭目，甚是豪橫，凡有經過客人船隻，輒便刼奪財物。至永樂五年，朝廷差太監鄭和等統領西洋大寶船到此處。有施進卿者，亦廣東人也，來報陳祖義兇橫等情，被太監鄭和生擒陳祖義等，回朝伏誅，就賜施進卿冠帶，歸舊港為大頭目，以主其地。本人死，位不傳子，是其女施二姐為王，一切賞罪黜陟皆從其制。　　土產鶴頂鳥、黃速香、降真香、沈香、金銀香、黃蠟之類。金銀香中國與他國皆不出，其香如銀匠鈒銀器黑膠相似，中有一塊似白蠟一般在內，好者白多黑少，低者黑多白少。燒其香氣味甚烈，為觸人鼻，西番并鎖俚人甚愛此。香鶴頂鳥大如鴨，毛黑，頸長，嘴尖。其腦蓋骨厚寸餘，外紅如黃蠟之嬌，甚可愛，謂之鶴頂，堪作腰刀靶鞘擠機之類。又出一等火雞，大如仙鶴，圓身簇頸，比鶴頸更長，頭上有軟紅冠，似紅帽之狀。又有二片生於頸中，嘴尖，渾身毛如羊毛稀長，青色。腳長鐵黑，爪甚利害，亦能破人腹，腸出即死。好吃炭，遂名火雞。用棍打碎莫能死。又山產一等神獸，名曰神鹿，如巨豬，高三尺，前半截黑，後一段白花毛純短可愛。嘴如豬嘴不平，四蹄亦如豬蹄，卻有三跲。止食草木，不食葷腥。其牛、羊、豬、犬、雞、鴨，并蔬菜、瓜果之類，與爪哇一般皆有。彼處人多好博戲，如把龜、弈棋、鬥雞之類皆賭錢物。市中交易亦使中國銅錢，并用布帛之類。國王亦每以方物進貢朝廷，逮今未絕。

暹羅國　　自占城向西南船行七晝夜，順風至新門台，海口入港，才至其國。國周千里，外山崎嶇， 內地潮濕，土瘠少堪耕種。氣候不正，或寒或熱。其王居之屋，頗華麗整潔。民庶房屋起造如樓，上不通板，卻用檳榔木劈開如竹片樣，密擺用藤紮縛甚堅固，上鋪藤簟竹蓆，坐臥食息皆在其上。　　王者之絆用白布纏頭，上不穿衣，下圍絲嵌手巾，加以錦綺壓腰。出入騎象或乘轎，一人執金柄傘，茭蔁葉做甚好。王係鎖俚人氏，崇信釋教。國人為僧為尼姑者極多。僧尼服色與中國頗同。亦住庵觀，持齋受戒。其俗凡事皆是婦人主掌，其國王及下民若有謀議、刑罰、輕重、買賣一應巨細之事，皆決於妻。其婦人志量果勝於男子，若有妻與我中國人通好者，則置酒飯同飲坐寢，其夫恬不為怪，乃曰：「我妻美，為中國人喜愛。」男子撮髻，用白頭布纏頭，身穿長衫。婦人亦椎髻，穿長衫。男子年二十餘歲則將莖物周回之皮，如韮菜樣細刀挑開，嵌入錫珠十數顆皮內，用藥封護，待瘡口好，才出行走。其狀累累如葡萄一般。自有一等人開鋪，專與人嵌焊銖，以為藝業。如國王或大頭目或富人，則以金為虛珠，內安砂子一粒，嵌之行走，玎玎有聲，乃以為美。不嵌珠之男子為下等人，此最為可怪之事。男女婚姻，先請僧迎男子至女家，就令僧討取童女喜紅，貼於男子之面額，名曰利市，然後成親。過三日後，又請僧及諸親友拌檳榔彩船等物，迎其夫婦回於男家，置酒作樂待親友。死喪之禮，凡富貴人死，則用水銀灌於腹內而葬之﹔閑下人死，擡屍於郊外海邊，放沙際，隨有金色之鳥大如鵝者，三五十數，飛集空中下將屍肉盡食飛去。餘骨家人號泣就棄海中而歸，謂之鳥葬，亦請僧設齋誦經禮佛而已。　　國之西北去二百餘里有一市鎮，名上水，可通雲南後門。此處有番人五六百家，諸色番貨皆有賣者，紅馬斯肯的石，此處多有賣者。此石在紅雅姑肩下，明淨如石榴子一般。中國寶船到暹羅，亦用小船去做買賣。　　其國產黃速香、羅褐速香、降真香、沈香、花梨木、白豆蔲、大風子、血竭、藤結、蘇木、花錫、象牙、翠毛等物。其蘇木如薪之廣，顏色絕勝他國出者。異獸有白象、獅子、貓、白鼠。其蔬菜之類，如占城一般。酒有米酒、椰子酒、二者俱是燒酒，其價甚賤。牛羊雞鴨等畜皆有。國語頗似廣東鄉談音韻。民俗囂淫，好習水戰。其王常差部領討伐鄰邦。買賣以海當錢使用，不拘金艱銅錢俱使，惟中國歷代銅錢則不使。其王每差頭目將蘇木降香等寶進貢中國。

滿剌加國　　自占城向正南，好風船行八日到龍牙門。入門往西行，二日可到。此處舊不稱國，因海有五嶼之名，遂名曰五嶼。無國王，止有頭目掌管。此地屬暹羅所轄，歲輸金四十兩，否則差人征伐。永樂七年己丑，上命正使太監鄭和等統〔寶船〕齎詔勑，賜頭目雙台銀印冠帶袍服，建碑封城，遂名滿刺加國，是後暹羅莫敢侵擾。其頭目蒙恩為王，挈妻子赴京朝謝，貢進方物，朝廷又賜與海船回國守土。　　其國東南是大海，西北是老岸連山。皆沙鹵之地，氣候朝熱暮寒，田瘦穀薄，人少耕種。有一大溪河水，下流從王居前過入海。其王於溪上建立木橋，上造橋亭二十餘間，諸物買賣俱在其上。　　國王國人皆從回回教門，持齋受戒誦經。其王服用以細白番布纏頭，身穿細花青布長衣，其樣如袍。腳穿皮鞋，出入乘轎。國人男子方帕包頭，女人撮髻腦後。身體微黑，下圍白布手巾，上穿色布短衫。風俗淳樸，房屋如樓閣之制，上不鋪板，但高四尺許之際，以椰子樹劈成片縧，稀布於上，用藤縛定，如羊棚樣。自有層次，連牀就榻盤膝而坐，飲臥廚灶皆在上也。　　人多以漁為業，用獨木刳舟泛海取魚。　　土產黃速香、烏本、打麻兒香、花錫之類。打麻兒香本是一等樹脂，流出入土，掘出如松香瀝青之樣，火燒即著。番人皆以此物點照當燈。番船造完，則用此物熔塗於縫，水莫能入，甚好。彼地之人多採取此物以轉寶他國。內有明淨好者，卻似金珀一樣，名損都盧斯。番人做成帽珠而賣，今水珀即此物也。花錫有二處山塢錫場，王命頭目主之，差人淘煎，鑄成鬥樣，以為小塊輸官。每塊重官秤一斤八兩，或一斤四兩，每十塊用藤縛為小把，四十塊為一大把，通市交易皆以此錫行使。　　其國人言語并書記婚姻之禮，頗與爪哇同。　　山野有一等樹，名沙孤樹，鄉人以此物之皮，如中國葛根搗浸澄濾其樹作丸，如菉豆大，曬乾而賣，其名曰沙孤米，可以作飯契。海之洲渚岸邊生一等水草，名茭蔁葉。長如刀茅樣，似苦筍。殼厚，性軟，結子如荔枝樣，雞子大。人取其子釀酒，名茭蔁酒，飲之亦能醉人。鄉人取其葉結竹細簟，止闊二尺，長丈餘，為席而賣。果有甘蔗、巴蕉子、波羅蜜、野荔枝之類。菜蔥、薑、蒜、芥、東瓜、西瓜皆有。牛、羊、雞、鴨雖有而不多。價亦甚貴。其水牛═頭直銀一斤以上。驢馬皆無。其海邊水內常有鼉龍傷人。其龍高三四尺，四足，滿身鱗甲，背刺排生。龍頭撩牙，遇人即齧。山出黑虎，比中國黃虎略小，其毛黑，亦有暗花紋。其黃虎亦間有之，國中有虎化為人，入市混人而行，自有識者，擒而殺之。如占城屍頭蠻，此處亦有。　　凡中國寶船到彼，則立排柵，如城垣，設四門、更鼓樓，夜則提鈴巡警，內又立重柵，如小城。蓋造庫藏倉廒，一應錢糧頓在其內，去各國船隻回到此處取齊，打整番貨，裝載船內，等候南風正順，於五月中旬開洋回還。其國王亦自採辦方物，挈妻子帶領頭目駕船跟隨寶船赴闕進貢。

啞魯國　　自滿刺加國開船，好風行四晝夜可到。其國有港名淡水港一條，入港到國，南是大山，北是大海，西連蘇門答剌國界，東有平地。堪種旱稻，米粒細小，糧食頻有。民以耕漁為業。風俗淳樸，國內婚喪等事，皆與爪哇、滿刺加國相同。貨用稀少，棉布名考泥，并米穀牛羊雞鴨甚廣。乳酪多有賣者。　　其國王、國人皆是回回人。　　山林中出一等飛虎，如貓大，遍身毛灰色。有肉翅，如蝙蝠一般，但前足肉翅生連後足，能飛不遠。人或有獲得者，不服家食即死。土產黃速香、金銀香之類。乃小國也。

蘇門答刺國　　蘇門答刺國，即古須文達那國是也。其處乃西洋之總路，寶船自滿刺加國向西南，好風五晝夜，先到濱海一村，名苔魯蠻。繫船，往東南十餘里可到。其國無城郭，有一大溪皆淡水，流出於海。一日二次潮水長落，其海口浪大，船隻常有沈歿。其國南去有百里數之遠，是大深山﹔北是大海﹔東亦是大山，至阿魯國界﹔正西邊大海。其山連小國二處，先至那孤兒王界，又至黎代王界。其蘇門答刺國王，先被那孤兒花面王侵掠，戰鬥身中藥箭而死。有一子幼小，不能與父報仇。其王之妻與眾誓曰：「有能報夫死之讎，復全其地者，吾願妻之，共主國事。」言訖，本處有一漁翁，奮志而言：「我能報之。」遂領兵眾當先殺敗花面王，復雪其讎。花面王被殺，其眾想伏，不敢侵擾。王妻於是不負前盟，即與漁翁配合，稱「為老王」，家室地賦之類，悉聽老王裁制。永樂七年，效職進貢方物而沐天恩，永樂十年復至其國。其先王之子長成，陰與部領合謀弒義父漁翁，奪其位管其國。漁翁有嫡子名蘇幹剌，領眾挈家逃去，鄰山自立一寨，不時率眾侵復父讎。永樂十三年，正使太監鄭和等統領大寶船到彼，發兵擒獲蘇幹剌，赴闕明正其罪。其王子感荷聖恩，常貢方物於朝廷。　　其國四時氣候不齊，朝熱如夏，暮寒如秋。五月七月間亦有瘴氣。山產硫黃，出於巖穴之中。其山不生草木，土石皆焦黃色。田土不廣，惟種旱稻，一年二熟。大小二麥皆無。其胡椒倚山居住人家置園種之。藤蔓而生，若中國廣東甜菜樣，開花黃白色，結椒成實。生則青，老則紅，候其半老之時，摘採曬乾貨賣。其椒粒虛大者，即此處椒也。每官秤一百斤，彼處賣金錢八十，直銀一兩。果有芭蕉子、甘蔗、莽吉柿、波羅蜜之類。有一等臭果，番名賭爾（烏）〔焉〕，如中國水雞頭樣，長八九寸皮，生尖刺，熟則五六瓣裂開，若爛牛肉之臭。內有栗子大酥白肉十四五塊，甚甜美可食，其中更皆有子，炒而食之，其味如栗。酸橘甚廣，四時常有。若洞庭獅柑、綠橘樣，其味不酸，可以久留不爛。又一等酸子，番名俺拔。如大消梨樣，頗長，綠皮，其氣香烈。欲食簽去其皮，批切外肉而食，酸甜甚美。核如雞子大。其桃李等果俱無。蔬菜有蔥、蒜、薑、芥。東瓜至廣，長久不壞。西瓜綠皮紅子，有長二三尺者。人家廣養黃牛，乳酪多有賣者。羊皆黑毛，並無白者。雞無者，番人不識扇雞。惟有母雞，雄雞大者七斤，略煮便軟，其味甚美，絕勝別國之雞。鴨腳低矮，大有五六斤者。桑樹亦有，人家養蠶，不會繰絲，只會做棉。其國風俗淳厚，言語書記婚喪穿拌衣服等事，皆與滿剌加國相同。其民之居住，其屋如樓，高不鋪板，但用椰子檳榔二木劈成條片，以藤劄縛，再鋪藤簟，高八尺，人居其上。高處亦鋪閣柵。　　此處多有番船往來，所以國中諸般番貨多有賣者。其國使金錢、錫錢，金錢番名底那兒，以七成淡金鑄造，每個圓徑官寸五分，而底有紋，官秤二分三釐，一曰每四十八個重金一兩四分。錫錢番名加失，凡買賣恒以錫錢使用，國中一應買賣交易，皆以十六兩為一斤，數論價以通行四方。

那孤兒國　　那孤兒王，又名花面王。其地在蘇門答刺西，地之界相連，止是一大山村。但所管人民皆於面上刺三尖青花為號，所以稱為花面王。地方不廣，人民只有千餘家，田少，人多以耕陸為生。米糧稀少，豬羊雞鴨皆有。言語動靜與蘇門答剌國相同，土無出產，乃小國也。

黎代國　　黎代之地，亦一小邦也。在那孤兒地界之西。此處南是大山，北臨大海，西連南浡裡國為界。國人三千家，自推一人為王，以主其事，屬蘇門答剌國所轄。土無所產，言語行用與蘇門答剌同。山有野犀牛至多，王亦差人捕獲，隨同蘇門答剌國以進貢於中國。

南浡裡國　　自蘇門苔刺往正西，好風行三晝夜可到。其國邊海，人民止有千家有餘，皆是回回人，甚是樸實。地方東接黎代王界，西北皆臨大海，南去是山，山之南又是大海。國王亦是回回人。王居屋處，用大木高四丈，如樓起造，樓下俱無裝飾，縱放牛羊牲畜在下。樓上四邊以板折落，甚潔，坐臥食處皆在其上。民居之屋與蘇門答剌國同。　　其處黃牛、水牛、山羊、雞、鴨、蔬菜皆（少）〔有〕。魚蝦甚賤，米穀少。使用銅錢。山產降真香，此處至好，名蓮花降。并有犀牛。　　國之西北海內有一大平頂峻山，半日可到，名帽山。其山之西亦皆大海，正是西洋也，名那沒洋。西來過洋船隻收帆，俱望此山為準。其山邊二丈上下淺水內，生海樹。彼人撈取為寶物貨賣，即珊瑚也。其樹大者高二三尺，根頭有一大拇指大根，如墨之沈黑，如玉石之溫潤。稍上椏枝婆娑可愛。根頭大處可碾為帽珠器物。　　其帽山腳下亦有居民二三十家，各自稱為王。若問其姓名，則曰「阿菰喇楂」，「我便是王」以答。或問其次，則曰「阿菰喇楂」，「我亦是王」甚可笑也。其國屬南浡裡國所轄。其南浡裡王常跟寶船，將降真香等物貢於中國。

錫蘭國（裸形國）　　自帽山南放洋，好風向東北行三日，見翠藍山在海中。其山三四座，惟一山最高大，番名按篤蠻山。彼處之人巢居穴處，男女赤體，皆無寸絲，如獸畜之形。土不出米，惟食山芋、波羅蜜、芭蕉子之類，或海中捕魚蝦而食。人傳云：若有寸布在身，即生爛瘡。昔釋迦佛過海，於此處登岸，脫衣入水澡浴，彼人盜藏其衣，被釋迦咒訖，以此至今人不能穿衣，俗言出卵塢，即地也。　　過此投西，船行七日，見鶯歌嘴山，再三兩日，到佛堂山，才到錫蘭國馬頭名別羅裡。自此泊船，登岸陸行。此處海邊山腳光石上有一足跡，長二尺許，云是釋迦從翠藍山來，從此處登岸，腳踏此石，故跡存焉。中有淺水不乾，人皆手蘸其水洗面拭目，曰「佛水清淨」。左有佛寺，內有釋迦佛混身側臥，尚存不朽。其寢座用各樣寶石妝嵌沈香木為之，甚是華麗，又有佛牙并活舍利子等物在堂。其釋迦涅盤，正此慮也。　　又北去四五十里，才到王居之城。國王係鎖俚人氏，祟信釋教，尊敬象牛。人將牛糞燒灰，遍搽其體，牛不敢食，止食其乳。如有牛死，即埋之，若私宰牛者，王法罪死，或納牛頭大金以贖其罪。王之居址，大家小戶每晨將牛糞用水調稀，遍塗屋下地面，然後拜佛。兩手直舒於前，兩腿直伸於後，胸腹皆貼地而為拜。　　王居之側有一大山，侵雲高聳，山頂有人腳跡一個，入石深二尺，長八尺餘。云是人祖阿聃聖人，即盤古之足跡也。此山內出紅雅姑、青雅姑、黃雅姑、青米籃心、昔剌泥、窟沒藍等一切寶石皆有。每有大雨沖出土，流下沙中，尋拾則有。常言寶石乃是佛祖眼淚結成。　　其海中有雪白浮沙一片，日月照其沙，光彩瀲灩，日有珍珠螺蚌聚集沙上。其王置珠池，二三年一次令人取螺蚌傾入池中，差人看守此池，候其壞爛，則用水淘珠，納官。亦有偷盜賣於他國者。　　其國地廣人稠，亞於爪哇。民俗饒富，男子上身赤膊，下圍色絲手巾，加以壓腰。滿身毫毛俱剃淨，止留其，用白布纏頭。如有父母死者，其須毛即不剃，此為孝禮。婦人撮髻腦後，下圍白布。其新生小兒則剃頭，女留胎不剃，就養至成人。無酥油牛乳不食飯。人欲食飯，則於暗處潛食，不令人見。平居檳榔荖葉不絕於口。　　米穀、芝麻、菉豆皆有，惟無大小二麥。椰子至多，油糖酒醬皆以此物借造而食。　　人死則以火化埋骨，其喪家聚親鄰之婦，都將兩手齊拍胸乳而叫號哭泣為禮。　　果有芭蕉子、波羅蜜、甘蔗、瓜茄、蔬菜，牛羊雞鴨皆有。　　王以金為錢，通行使用，每錢一個，重官秤一分六釐。中國麝香、紵絲、色絹、青磁片碗、銅錢、樟腦，甚喜。則將寶石珍珠換易。王常差人賚寶石等物，隨同回洋寶船進貢中國。

小葛蘭國　　自錫蘭國馬頭名別羅裡開船，往西北，好風行六晝夜可到。其國邊海，東連大山，西是大海，南北地狹，外亦大海，連海而居。國王國人皆鎖俚人氏。祟信釋教，尊敬象牛，婚姻喪葬等事與錫蘭國同。　　土產蘇木、胡椒不多，其果菜之類皆有。牛羊頗異他產。其羊青毛長腳，高二尺三尺者，黃牛有三四百斤者。酥油多有賣者。人一日二飡，皆用酥油拌飯而食。王以金鑄錢，每個重官秤一分，通行使用。雖是一小國，其王亦將方物差人貢於中國。

柯枝國　　自小葛蘭國開船，沿山投西北，好風行一晝夜，到其國港口泊船。本國東是大山，西臨大海，南北邊海，有路可往鄰國。　　其國王與民亦鎖俚人氏，頭纏黃白布，上不穿衣，下圍紵絲手巾，再用顏色紵絲一匹纏之於腰，名曰壓腰。　其頭目及富人服用與王者頗同。民居之屋，用椰子木起造，用椰子葉編成片如草苫樣蓋之，雨不能漏。家家用磚泥砌一土庫，止分大小，凡有細軟之物，俱放於內，以防火盜。　　國有五等人：一等名南昆，與王同類，內有剃頭掛線在頸者，最為貴族﹔二等回回人﹔三等人名哲地，係有錢財主﹔四等人名革令，專與人作牙保﹔五等人名木瓜，木瓜者，至低賤之人也，至今此輩在海濱居住，房簷高不過三尺，高者有罪，其穿衣上不過臍，下不過膝，其出於途，如遇南昆、哲地人，即伏於地，候過即起而行。木瓜之輩，專以漁樵及擡負挑擔為生，官不容穿長衣，其經商買賣與中國漢人一般。　　其國王祟信佛教，尊敬象牛，建造佛殿，以銅鑄佛像，用青石砌座，佛座邊周圍砌成水溝，傍穿一井，每日侵晨，則鳴鐘擊鼓，汲井水，於佛頂澆之再三，眾皆羅拜而退。　　另有一等人名濁，即道人也，亦有妻子。此輩自出母胎，不經剃，亦不梳篦，以酥油等物將搓成條縷，或十餘條，或七人條，披拽腦後。卻將黃牛之糞燒成白灰，遍搽其體，上下皆不穿衣，止用如拇指大黃藤，兩轉緊縛其腰，又以白布為梢子。手拿大海螺，常吹而行。其妻略以布遮其醜，隨夫而行。此等即出家人，倘到人家，則與錢米等物。　　其國氣候常暖如夏，無霜雪。每至二三月，日夜間則下陣頭雨一二次，番人各整蓋房屋，備辦食用。至五六月，日夜間下滂沱大雨，街市成河，人莫能行，大家小戶坐候雨信過。七月才晴，到八月半後晴起。到冬點雨皆無，直至次年二三月間，又下雨。常言半年下雨半年晴，正此處也。土無他產，只出胡椒，人多置園圃種椒為業。每年椒熟，本處自有收椒大戶收買，置倉盛貯，待各處番商來買。論播荷說價，每一播荷該番秤二十五封剌，每一封剌該番秤十斤，計官秤十六斤，每一播荷該官秤四百斤。賣波處金錢或一百個，或九十個，直銀五兩。　　名稱哲地者，皆是財主，專一收買下寶石珍珠香貸之類，候中國寶（石）船或別國番船客人來買，珍珠以分數論價而買。且如珠每顆重三分半者，賣彼處金錢一千八百個，直銀一百兩。珊瑚枝梗，其哲地論斤重買下，顧倩匠人，剪斷車旋成珠，洗磨光淨，亦秤分量而買。　　王以九成金鑄錢行使，名曰法南，重官秤一分一釐。又以銀為錢，比海螺靨大。每個官秤四釐，名曰答兒。每金錢一個，倒換銀錢十五個，街市行使零用，則以此錢。　　國人婚喪之禮，其五等人皆各從其類而不同。　　米、粟、麻、豆、黍、稷皆有，止無大小二麥。象、馬、牛、羊、犬、貓、雞、鴨皆有，只無驢騾與鵝爾。　　國王亦差頭目隨共回洋寶船將方物進貢中國。

古裡國　　即西洋大國。從柯枝國港口開船，往西北行，三日方到。其國邊海，山之東有五七百里，遠通坎巴夷國﹔西臨大海﹔南連柯枝國界﹔北邊相接狠奴兒地面。西洋大國正此地也。永樂五年，朝廷命正使太監鄭和等齎詔敕賜其國王誥命銀印給賜，升賞各頭目品級冠帶，統領大寶船到彼，起建碑庭，立石云：「其國去中國十萬餘里，民物咸若熙皡同風，刻石於茲永示萬世。」 　國王係南昆人，祟信佛教，尊敬象牛。國人內有五等：回回人、南昆人、哲地人、革令人、木瓜人。其國王國人皆不食牛肉，大頭目是回回人，皆不食豬肉。先是王與回回人誓定，爾不食牛，我不食豬，互相禁忌，至今尚然。王以銅鑄佛像，名乃納兒，起造佛殿，以銅鑄瓦而蓋佛座。傍掘井，每日侵晨，王至汲水浴佛，拜訖，令人收取黃牛淨糞，用水調於銅盆如糊，遍擦殿內地面牆壁。且命頭目并富家，每早亦塗擦牛混糞。又將牛糞燒成白灰，研細，用好布為小袋盛灰，常帶在身，每日侵晨洗面畢，取牛糞灰調水，搽塗其額，并兩股間各三次，為敬佛敬牛之誠。傳云：昔有一聖人名某些立教化，人人知其是真天人，皆欽從，以後聖人同往他所，令其弟名撒沒嚟掌管教人，其弟心起矯妄，鑄一金犢，曰：「此是聖主，凡叩之則有靈驗。」教人聽命，祟敬其金牛，曰：「常糞金，人得金」，心愛而忘天道，皆以牛為真主。後某些聖人回還，見眾人被弟撒沒嚟惑壞聖道，遂廢其牛，而欲罪其弟，其弟騎一大象遁去。後人思之，懸望其還，且如月初，則言月中必至。及至月中，又言月盡必至。至今望之不絕。南昆人敬象牛，由此故也。　　王有大頭目二人，掌管國事，俱是回回人，國中大半皆奉回回教門。禮拜寺有二三十處，七日一次行禮拜。至日，舉家齋浴，諸事不幹，巳午時，大小男子到寺禮拜，至未時方散回家，才做買賣，幹理家事。人甚誠信，狀貌濟楚標緻。其二大頭目受中國朝廷升賞，若寶船到彼，全憑二人主為買賣，王差頭目并哲地未訥幾計書算於官府牙人來會，領船大人議擇某日打價，至日，先將帶去錦綺等物，逐一議價已定，隨寫合同價數，彼此收執。其頭目哲地即與內官大人眾手相拿。其牙人則言某月某日於眾手中拍一掌已定，或貴或賤，再不悔改。然後哲地富戶才將寶石珍珠跚瑚等物來看議價，非一日能定，快則一月，緩則二三月，若價錢較議已定，如買一主珍珠等物，該價若干，是原經手頸目未訥幾計算，該還紵絲等物若干，照原打手之貨交還，毫釐無改，彼之演算法無算盤，只以兩手、兩腳并二十指計算，毫釐無差，甚異於常。　　王以六成金鑄錢行使，名吧南，每個徑面官寸三分八釐，面底有紋，重官秤一分。又以銀為錢，名搭兒，每個約重三釐，零用此錢。衡法每番秤一錢，該官秤八分，每番秤一兩，計十六錢，該官秤一兩二錢八分。番秤二十兩為一斤，該官秤一斤九兩六錢。其番秤名番剌失，秤之權釘定於衡末，稱準則活動於衡中，提起平為定盤，星稱物則移准向前，隨物輕重而進退之。止可秤十斤，該官秤十六斤，秤香貨之類，二百斤番秤為一播荷，該官秤三百二十斤，若稱胡椒，二百五十斤為一播荷，該官秤四百斤。凡稱一應巨細貨物，多用天平對較。其量法，官鑄銅為升行使，番名黨戛黎，每升該官升一升六合。　　西洋布本國名撦黎布，出於鄰境坎巴夷等處。每疋闊四尺五寸，長二丈五尺，賣彼處金錢八個或十個。國人亦將蠶絲練染各色，織間道花手巾，闊四五尺，長一丈二三尺，每條賣金錢一百個。胡椒山鄉住人置園多種。到十月間，椒熟採摘曬乾而賣，自有收椒大戶來收，上官庫收貯。若有買者，官與發買，見數計算稅錢納官。每胡椒一播荷，賣金錢二百個，其哲地多收買下各色寶石珍珠，并做下跚硼珠等物，各處番船到彼，國王亦差頭目并寫字人等眼同而賣，就取稅錢納官。　　富家多種椰子樹，或一千株或二千三千株，為產業。其椰子有十般使用：嫩者有漿甚甜，奸契，可釀酒﹔老者椰肉打油，做糖做飯吃﹔外包之穰，打索，造船﹔椰殼為碗，為杯，又好燒灰打箱金銀細巧生活﹔樹好造屋，葉好蓋屋。蔬菜有芥菜、生薑、蘿蔔、胡荽、蔥、蒜、葫蘆、茄子、菜瓜、東瓜四時皆有。又有一等小瓜，如指大，長二寸許，如青瓜之味，其蔥紫皮，如蒜，大頭小葉，稱斤而賣。波羅蜜、芭蕉子廣有賣者。木別子樹高十餘丈，結子如綠柿樣，內包其子三四十個，熟則自落。其蝙蝠如鷹之大，都在此樹上倒掛而歇。米紅白皆有。麥大小俱無。其面皆從別處販來賣。雞鴨廣有，無鵝。羊腳高灰色，如驢駒子之樣。水牛不甚大。黃牛有三四百斤者，人不食其肉，止食其乳酪，人無酥油不吃飯。其牛養至老死即埋之。各色海魚其價極賤。山中鹿兔亦有賣者。人家多養孔雀，其他禽鳥則有烏鴉、蒼鷹、鷺鷥、燕子，其餘別樣大小禽鳥，則並無有。　　國人亦會彈唱，以葫蘆殼為樂器，紅銅絲為弦，唱番歌相和而彈，音韻堪聽。民俗婚喪之禮，鎖俚人、回回人各依自家本等體例不同。其王位不傳於子而傳於外甥。傳甥止論女腹所生為嫡族。其王若無姊妹，傳之於弟。若無弟，遜與有德之人。世代相仍如此。王法無鞭笞之刑，罪輕者截手斷足，重則罰金誅戮。甚則抄沒滅族。人有犯法者，拘之到官，即伏其罪，若事情或有冤枉不伏者，則於王前或大頭目前置一鐵鍋，盛油四五斤，煎滾，先以樹葉投試爆彈有聲，遂令其人以右手二指煠於油內片時，待焦方起，用布包裹封記，監留在官，二三日後聚眾開封視之，若手爛潰，其事不枉，即加以刑，若手如舊不損，則釋之，頭目人等以鼓樂禮送此人回家，諸親鄰友饋禮相賀，飲酒作樂以相慶，此事最為奇異。　　使回之日，其國王欲進貢，用好赤金五十兩，令番匠抽如細金絲，結綰成片，以各色寶石大珍珠廂成寶帶一條，差頭目乃邦進奉中國。

溜山國　　自蘇門答刺開船，過小帽山投西南，好風行十日可到。其國番名牒幹，無城郭，倚山聚居，四圍皆海，如洲渚一般，地方不廣。國之西去程途不等，海中天生石門一座，如城闕樣。有八大處，溜各有其名：一曰沙溜，二曰人不知溜，三曰起泉溜，四曰麻裡奇溜，五曰加半年溜，六曰加加溜，七曰安都裡溜，八曰官瑞溜。此八處皆有所主，而通商船。再有小窄之溜，傳云三千有餘溜，此謂弱水三千，此處是也。其間人皆巢居穴處，不識米穀，只捕魚蝦而食，不解穿衣，以樹葉遮其前後。設遇風水不便，舟師失針舵損，船過其溜，落於瀉水，漸無力而沈，大概行船皆宜該防此也。　　牒幹國王、頭目、民庶皆是回回人。風俗純美，所行悉遵教門規矩。人多以漁為業，種椰子為生。男女體貌微黑，男子白布纏頭，下圍手巾。婦人上穿短衣，下亦以闊布手巾圍之。又用闊大布手巾過頭遮蓋，止露其面。婚喪之禮悉依回回教門親矩而後行。　　土產降真香也不多，椰子甚廣，各處來收買往別國貨賣。有等小樣椰子殼，彼人旋做酒鍾，以花梨木為足，用番漆漆其口足，甚為希罕其。椰子外包之欀，打成麄細繩索，堆積在家，各處番船上人亦來收買，賣與別國，造船等用。其造番船，皆不用釘，止鑽其孔，皆以此索聯縛，加以木楔，然後以番瀝青塗縫，水不能漏。其龍涎香，漁者常於溜處採得，如水浸瀝青之色，嗅之無香，火燒惟有腥氣，其價高貴，買者以銀對易，海彼人採積如山，罨爛其肉，轉賣暹羅、榜葛剌等國，當錢使用。其馬鮫魚切成大塊，曬乾收貯，各國亦來收販他處，名曰海溜魚而賣之。織一等絲嵌手巾，甚密實長闊，絕勝他處所織者。又有一等織金方帕，與男子纏頭，價有賣銀五兩之貴者。　　天之氣候，四時常熱如夏。其土地甚瘠，米少，無麥，蔬菜不廣，牛羊雞鴨皆有，餘無所出。王以銀鑄小錢使用。中國寶船一二隻亦到彼處，收買龍涎香、椰子等物，乃一小邦也。

祖法兒國　　自古裡國開船投西北，好風行十晝夜可到。其國邊海倚山，無城郭，東南大海，西北重山。國王、國人皆奉回回教門。人體長大，貌豐偉語言樸實。王者之絆，以白細番布纏頭，身穿青花如大指大細絲嵌蓋頭，或金錦衣袍，足穿番靴，或淺面皮鞋。出入乘轎或騎馬，前後擺列象駝、馬隊，刀牌手，吹篳篥鎖，簇擁而行。民下所服衣冠，纏頭長衣腳穿靴鞋。如遇禮拜日，上半日市絕交易，男女長幼皆沐浴，既畢，即將薔薇露或沈香并抽搽面并四體，俱穿齊整新淨衣服。又以小土爐燒沈檀俺八兒等香，立於爐上，薰其衣體，才往禮拜寺。拜畢方回，經過街市，半晌薰香不絕。婚喪之禮，素遵回回教規而行。　　土產乳香，其香乃樹脂也。其樹似榆，而葉尖長。彼人每砍樹取香而賣。中國寶船到彼，開讀賞賜畢，其王差頭目遍諭國人，皆將乳香、血竭、蘆薈、沒藥、安息香、蘇合油、木別子之類，來換易紵絲、磁器等物。此處氣候，常如八九月，不冷。米麥豆粟黍稷麻穀，及諸般蔬菜、瓜茄、牛、羊、馬、驢、貓、犬、雞、鴨之類，亦皆不缺。山中亦有駝雞，土人間亦捕獲來賣。其雞身匾頸長，其狀如鶴，腳高三四尺，每腳止有二指。毛如駱駝，食綠豆等物，行似駱駝，因此名駝雞。其駱駝則有單峰者，有只峰者，人皆騎坐以適街市。將死，則殺之賣其肉。　　其王鑄金錢名倘伽，每個重官秤二錢，徑一寸五分，一面有紋，一面人形之紋。又以紅銅鑄為小錢，約重三釐，徑四分，零用。其國王於欽差使者回日，亦差其頭目將乳香駝雞等物，跟隨寶船以進貢於朝廷焉。

阿丹國　　自古裡國開船，投正西兌位，好風行一月可到。其國邊海，離山遠。國富民饒，國王、國人皆奉回回教門，說阿刺壁言語。人性強梗，有馬步銳兵七八千，所以國勢威重，鄰邦畏之。永樂十九年，欽命正使太監李　等，齎詔勑衣冠賜其王酋，到蘇門答刺國，分內官周　領駕寶船數隻到彼。王聞其至，即率大小頭目至海濱迎接詔敕賞賜，至王府行禮甚恭謹感伏，開讀畢，國王即諭其國人，但有珍寶許令賣易。在彼買得重二錢許大塊貓睛石，各色雅姑等異寶，大顆珍珠，珊瑚樹高二尺者數株，又買得珊瑚枝五櫃、金珀、薔薇露、麒麟、獅子、花福鹿、金錢豹、駝雞、白鳩之類而還。　　國王之絆，頭戴金冠，身穿黃袍，腰繫寶妝金帶。至禮拜日赴寺禮拜，則換細白番布纏頭，上加金錦之頂，身穿白袍，坐車列隊而行。其頭目冠服各有等第不同。國人穿絆，男子纏頭，穿撒哈喇梭幅、錦繡紵絲等衣，足著靴鞋。婦人之絆，身穿長衣，肩項佩寶石、珍珠、纓絡，如觀音之絆，耳帶金廂寶環四對，臂纏金寶釧鐲，足指亦帶指環。又用絲嵌手巾蓋於頂上，止露其面。　　凡國人打造鈒細金銀首飾等項生活，甚精妙，絕勝天下。又有市肆、混堂，并熟食、絲帛、書籍、諸色什物鋪店皆有。王用赤金鑄錢行使，名甫嚕嚟，每個重官秤一錢，底面有紋。又用紅銅鑄錢，名甫嚕斯，零使。　　其地氣候溫和，常如八九月。日月之定無閨月，惟以十二個月為一年。月無大小，若頭夜見新月，明日即月首也。四季不定，自有陰陽人推算，如以某日為春首，後果然花草開榮。某日是初秋，果然木葉雕落。及於日月交食、潮信早晚，并風雨寒暖，無不准驗。　　人之飲食，米粉麥面諸品皆有，多以乳酪、酥油、糖蜜製造而食。米、粟、豆、穀、大小二麥、芝麻并諸色蔬菜俱有，果子有萬年棗、松子、把擔、乾葡萄、核桃、花紅、石榴、桃、杏之類。象、駝、驢、騾、牛、羊、雞、鴨、貓、犬皆有，止無豬鵝。棉羊白毛無角，頭上有黑毛二團，如中國童子頂搭。其頸下如牛袋一般，其毛短如狗，其尾大如盤。　　民居房屋皆以石砌，上以磚蓋，或土蓋。有石砌三層，高四五丈。亦有用木起架為樓居者，其木皆土產紫檀木為之。　　其地土所產草木，又有薔薇露、簷蔔花、無核白葡萄，并花福鹿、青花白駝雞、大尾無角棉羊。其福鹿如騾子樣，白身白面，眉心隱隱起細細青條花，起滿身至四蹄，細條如間道如畫。青花白駝雞亦有青花，如福鹿一般。麒麟前二足高九尺餘，後兩足約高六尺，頭擡頸長一丈六尺。首昂後低，人莫能騎。頭上有兩肉角，在耳邊，牛尾鹿身蹄有三跲，匾口，食粟、豆、麵餅。其獅子身形似虎，黑黃無斑，頭大口闊，尾尖毛多，黑長如纓。聲吼如雷，諸獸見之，伏不敢起，乃獸中之王也。　　其國王感荷聖恩，特造金廂寶帶二條，窟嵌珍珠寶石金冠一頂，并雅姑等各樣寶石地角二枚，金葉表文，進貢中國。

榜葛剌國　　自蘇門答刺國開船，取帽山并翠藍島，投西北上，好風行二十日，先到浙地港泊船，用小船入港，五百餘里到地名鎖納兒港登岸，向西南行三十五站到其國。有城郭，其王府并一應大小衙門皆在城內。　　其國地方廣闊，物穰民稠，舉國皆是回回人，民俗淳善。富家造船往諸番國經營者頗多，出外傭役者亦多。人之容體皆黑，間有一白者。男子皆剃，以白布纏之。身服從頭套下圓領長衣，下圍各色闊手巾，足穿淺面皮鞋。其國王并頭目之服，俱奉回回教禮，冠衣甚整麗。國語皆從榜葛裡，自成一家言語，說吧兒西語者亦有之。國王以銀鑄錢，名倘伽，每個重官秤三錢，徑官寸一寸二分，底面有紋。一應買賣皆以此錢論廬零用。海番名考嚟，論個數交易。民俗冠喪祭婚姻之禮，皆依回回教門禮制。　　四時氣候，常熱如夏。稻穀一年二熟，米粟細長，多有細紅米。粟、麥、芝麻、各色豆黍、薑、芥、蔥、蒜、瓜、茄、蔬菜皆有。果有芭蕉子。酒有三四等，椰子酒、米酒、樹酒、茭蔁酒各色法制，多有燒酒。市賣無茶，人家以檳榔待人。街市一應鋪店、混堂、酒飯甜食等肆都有。駝、馬、驢、騾、水牛、黃牛、山羊、棉羊、鵝、鴨、雞、豬、犬、貓等畜皆有。果則有波羅蜜、酸子、石榴、甘蔗等類，其甜食則有沙糖、白糖、糖霜、糖果、蜜煎、蜜薑之類。土產五六樣細布：一樣蓽布，番名卑泊，闊三尺餘，長五丈六七尺，此布勻細如粉箋═般﹔一樣薑黑布，番名滿者提，闊四尺許，長五丈餘，此布緊密壯實﹔一樣番名沙納巴付，闊五尺，長三丈，便如生平羅樣，即布羅也﹔一樣番名忻白勤搭黎，闊三尺，長六丈，布眼稀勻，即布紗他，皆用此布纏頭﹔一樣番名沙榻兒，闊二尺五六寸，長四丈餘，如好三梭布一般﹔有一樣番名驀黑驀勒，闊四尺，長二丈餘，背面皆起絨頭，厚四五分，即兜羅綿也。桑柘蠶繭皆有，止會作線繰絲嵌手巾并絹。不曉成綿。漆器、盤碗、鑌鐵、輪、刀、翦等器皆有賣者。一樣白紙，亦是樹皮所造，光滑細膩如鹿皮一般。　　國法有笞杖徒流等刑。官品衙門印信行移皆有。軍亦有官管給糧餉，管軍頭目名吧斯剌兒。醫蔔陰陽百工技藝皆有之。其行術，身穿挑黑線白布花衫，下圍色絲手巾，以各色硝子珠間以珊瑚珠穿成纓絡，佩於肩項，又以青紅硝子燒成鐲，帶於兩臂，人家宴飲，此輩亦來動樂，口唱番歌對舞，亦有解數。有一等人名根肖速魯奈，即樂工也。每日五更時分，到頭目或富家門苜，一人吹銷，一人擊小鼓，一人擊大鼓，初起則慢，自有調拍，後漸緊促而息。又至一家，如前吹擊而去，至飯時仍到各家或與酒飯，或與錢物。撮弄把戲，諸色皆有，不甚奇異。止有一樣，一人同其妻以鐵索拴一大虎，在街牽拽而行，至人家演弄。即解其鐵索，令虎坐於地。其人赤體單梢，對虎跳躍，拽拳將虎踢打。其虎性發作威，咆哮勢若撲人。其人與虎對跌數交畢，又以一臂伸入虎口，直至其喉，虎不敢咬。其人仍銷虎頸，則伏於地討食。其家則與肉啖之，又與其人錢物而去。日月之定，亦以十二個月為一年，無閏月。節氣早晚臨期推。　　王亦差人駕船往各番國買賣，取辦方物珍珠寶石，進貢中國。

忽魯謨廝國　　自古裡國開船投西北，好風行二十五日可到。其國邊海倚山，各處番船并旱番客商，都到此地趕集買賣，所以國民皆富。國王國人皆奉回回教門，尊謹誠信，每日五次禮拜，沐浴齋戒。風俗淳厚，無貧苦之家。若有一家遭禍致貧者，眾皆贈以衣食錢本，而救濟之。人之體貌清白豐偉，衣冠濟楚標緻。婚喪之禮，悉遵回回教規。男子娶妻，先以媒妁，已通禮訖，其男家即置席請加的。加的者，掌教門規矩之官也。及主婚人并媒人，親族之長者，兩家各通三代鄉貫來歷，寫立婚書已定，然後擇日成親。否則官府如奸論罪。如有人死者，即用白番布為大殮小殮之衣，用瓶盛淨水，將屍從頭至足澆洗二三次，既淨，以麝香片腦填屍口鼻，才服殮衣，貯棺內，當即便埋。其墳以石砌，穴下鋪淨沙五六寸，擡棺至，則去其棺，止將屍放石穴內，上以石板蓋定，加以淨土厚築墳堆，甚堅整也。人之飲食，務以酥油拌煮而食。市中燒羊、燒雞、燒肉、薄餅、哈喇潵一應麵食皆有賣者。二三口之家多不舉火做飯，止買熟食而契。　　王以銀鑄錢，名底那兒，徑官寸六分，底面有紋，重官秤四分，通行使用。書記皆是回回字，其市肆諸般鋪面百物皆有，止無酒館。國法飲酒者棄市。文武醫蔔之人絕勝他處。各色技藝皆有，其撮弄把戲，皆不為奇。惟有一樣，羊上高竿，最可笑也。其術用木一根，長一丈許，木竿頭上止可許羊四蹄立於木。將木立豎於地，扶定，其人引一小白羝羊，拍手念誦。其羊依拍鼓舞，來近其竿，先以前二足搭定其木，又將後二足一縱立於竿上。又一人將木一根於羊腳前挨之，其羊又將前兩足搭上木頂，隨將後二腳縱起。人即扶定其木，其羊立於二木之頂，跳動似舞之狀。又將木一段趲之，連上五六段，又高丈許。俟其舞罷，然後立於中木，人即推倒其竿，以手接住其羊。又令臥地作死之狀，令舒前腳則舒前，令舒後腳則舒後。又有將一大黑猴，高三尺許，演弄諸般本事了，然後令一閒人，將巾帕重重摺疊，緊縛其猴兩眼，別令一人潛打猴頭一下，深深避之，後解其帕，令尋打頭之人，猴於千百人中徑取原人而出，甚為怪也。　　其國氣候寒暑，春開花，秋落葉。有霜無雪，雨少露多。有一大山，四面出四樣之物。一面如海邊出之鹽，紅色。人用鐵鋤如打石一般鑿起一塊，有三四十斤者。又不潮濕，欲用食，則搥碎為末而用。一面出紅土，如銀朱之紅﹔一面出白土，如石灰，可以粉牆壁﹔一面出黃土，如薑黃色之黃。俱著頭目守管，各處自有客商來販賣為用。土產米麥不多，皆是別處販來糶賣，其價極賤。果有核桃、把聃果、松子、石榴、葡萄乾、桃乾、花紅、萬年棗、西瓜、菜瓜、蔥、韭、薤、蒜、蘿蔔、甜瓜等物。其胡蘿蔔，紅色如藕大者至多。甜瓜甚大，有高二尺者。其核桃，殼薄白色，手捏即破。松子長寸許，葡萄乾有三四樣：一樣如棗幹，紫色﹔一樣如蓮子大，無核，結霜﹔一樣圓顆如白豆大，略白色。把聃果如核桃樣，尖長色白，內有仁，味勝核桃肉。石榴如茶鍾大，花紅如拳大，甚香美。萬年棗亦有三樣：一樣番名垛沙布，每個如母指大，核小結霜如沙糖，忒甜難吃﹔一樣挼爛成二三十個大塊，如好柿餅及軟棗之味﹔一等如南棗樣略大，味頗澀，彼人將來喂牲口。　　此處各番寶貨皆有，更有青紅黃雅姑石，并紅剌、祖把碧、祖母剌、貓睛、金鋼鑽，大顆珍珠如龍眼大，重一錢二三分，珊瑚樹珠，并枝梗、金珀、珀珠、神珠、蠟珀、黑珀，番名撤白值。各色美玉器皿、水晶器皿，十樣錦翦絨花單，其絨起一二分，長二丈，闊一丈，各色梭幅，撤哈喇氊、氁羅氁紗、各番青紅絲嵌手巾等類皆有賣者。　　駝馬、騾、牛、羊廣有。其羊有四樣：一等大尾棉羊，每個有七八十斤，其尾闊一尺餘，拖著地，重二十餘斤﹔一等狗尾羊，如山羊樣，其尾長二尺餘﹔一等鬥羊，高二尺七八寸，前半截毛長拖地，後半截皆翦淨，其頭面頸額似棉羊。角彎轉向前，上帶小鐵牌，行動有聲。此羊性怏鬥，好事之人餵養於家，與人鬥賭錢物為戲。又出一等獸，名草上飛，番名昔稚鍋失，如大貓大，渾身儼似玳瑁斑貓樣，兩耳尖黑，性純不惡。若獅豹等項猛獸，見他即俯伏於地，乃獸中之王也。　　其國王亦將船隻載獅子、麒麟、馬疋、珠子、寶石等物并金葉表文，差其頭目人等，跟隨欽差西洋回還寶船，赴闕進貢。

天方國　　此國即默伽國也。自古裡國開船，投西南申位，船行三個月方到本國馬頭，番名秩達。有大頭目主守。自秩達往西行一日，到王居之城，名默伽國。奉回回教門，聖人始於此國闡揚教法，至今國人悉遵教規行事，纖毫不敢違犯。其國人物魁偉，體貌紫膛色。男子纏頭，穿長衣，足著皮鞋。婦人俱戴蓋頭，莫能見其面。說阿剌畢言語。國法禁酒。民風和美，無貧難之家。悉遵教規，犯法者少，誠為極樂之界。婚喪之禮皆依教門體例而行。　　自此再行大半日之程，到天堂禮拜寺，其堂番名愷阿白。外周垣城，其城有四百六十六門，門之兩傍皆用白玉石為柱，其柱共有四百六十七個，前九十九個，後一百一個，左邊一百三十二個，右邊一百三十五個。其堂以五色石疊砌，四方平頂樣。內用沈香大木五條為梁，以黃金為閣。滿堂內牆壁皆是薔薇露龍涎香和土為之，馨香不絕。上用皂紵絲為罩罩之。蓄二黑獅子守其門。每年至十二月十日，各番回回人，甚至一二年遠路的，也到堂內禮拜，皆將所罩紵絲割取一塊為記驗而去。剜割既盡，其王則又預織一罩，復罩於上，仍復年年不絕。堂之左有司馬儀聖人之墓，其墳壠俱是綠撒不泥寶石為之，長一丈二尺，高三尺，闊五尺，其圍墳之牆，以紺黃玉疊砌，高五尺餘。城內四角造四堆塔，每禮拜即登此塔喝班唱禮。左右兩傍有各祖師傳法之堂，亦以石頭疊造，整飾極華麗。　　其處氣候四時常熱如夏，並無雨電霜雪。夜露甚重，草木皆馮露水滋養。夜放一空碗，盛至天明，其露水有三分在碗。土產米穀僅少，皆種粟麥黑黍瓜菜之類。西瓜、甜瓜每個用二人擡一個者亦有。又有一種（纏）綿花樹，如中國大桑樹，高一二丈，其花一年二放，長生不枯。果有蘿蔔、萬年棗、石榴、花紅、大梨子，桃子有重四五斤者。其駝、馬、驢、騾、牛、羊、貓、犬、雞、鵝、鴨、鴿亦廣。雞、鴨有重十斤以上者。土產薔薇露、俺八兒香、麒麟、獅子、駝、雞、羚羊、草上飛，并各色寶石、珍珠、珊瑚、琥珀等物。其王以金鑄錢，名倘加行使，每個徑七分，重官秤一錢，比中國金有十二成色。　　又往西行一日，到一城，名驀底納。其馬哈嘛聖人陵寢正在城內，至今墓頂豪光日夜侵雲而起。墓後有一井，泉水清甜，名阿必糝糝。下番之人取其水藏於船邊，海中倘遇颶風，即以此水灑之，風浪頓息。　　宣德五年，欽蒙聖朝差正使太監內官鄭和等往各番國開讀賞賜。分到古裡國時，內官太監洪　見本國差人往彼，就選差通事等七人，齎帶麝香、磁器等物，附本國船隻到彼。往回一年，買到各色奇貨異寶，麒麟、獅子、駝雞等物，并畫天堂圓真本回京。其默伽國王亦差使臣，將方物跟同原去通事七人獻齎於朝廷。　　景泰辛未秋月望日會稽山樵馬歡述。

後序　　余少時觀《異域志》，而知天下輿圖之廣，風俗之殊，人物之妍媸，物類之出產，可驚可喜，可愛可愕，尚疑好事者為之，而竊意其無是埋也。今觀馬君宗道、郭君祟禮所紀經歷諸番之事實，始有以見夫《異城志》之所載信不誣矣。祟禮乃杭之仁和人，宗道乃越之會稽人，皆西域天方教，實奇邁之士也。昔太宗皇帝勑令太監鄭和統率寶船往西洋諸番開讀賞勞，而二君善通譯番語，遂膺斯選，三隨軿軺，跋涉萬里。自閩之五虎發跡，首入占城，次爪哇、暹羅，又次之舊港、阿魯、蘇門、南浡、錫蘭、柯枝，極而遠造夫阿丹、天方，凡二十餘國。每國寄往非一日，於輿圖之廣者，紀之以別遠近﹔風俗之殊者，紀之以別得失﹔與夫人物之妍媸，紀之以別美惡﹔土地之出產，紀之以別輕重，皆錄之於筆，畢而成帙，其用心亦勤矣。二君既事竣歸鄉里，恒出以示人，使人皆得以知異城之事，亦有以見聖朝威德之所及若是其遠也。祟禮尚慮不能使人之盡知，欲鋟梓以廣其傳，因其友陸廷用徵序於予，遂錄其梗概於後云。　　是歲監察御史古樸劇弘書。

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