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Title: Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation

Author: William W. Mann

Release date: December 23, 2007 [eBook #23984]
Most recently updated: March 17, 2023

Language: English

Credits: Jonathan Ingram, Laurent Vogel and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESPERANTO SELF-TAUGHT WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION ***

MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES

Esperanto Self-Taught
WITH
PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION.
BY
WILLIAM W. MANN.
(Member of the British Esperanto Association.)

THIRD EDITION

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

London:
E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., LTD., 51 Old Bailey, E.C. 4

[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.]

PREFACE.

The object of this volume is two-fold. It supplies very full and comprehensive vocabularies of the words required by the tourist or traveller, visitor or resident abroad, health or pleasure seeker, and professional or business man, together with a large number of conversational sentences of a typical and practical character. The words and phrases are classified according to subject, and the phonetic pronunciation of every word is added in accordance with Marlborough's simple and popular system of phonetics.

With the aid of this book anyone may undertake a trip to a foreign land, even if he know nothing of the language of the country he is going to, and, if he will put himself beforehand in communication with Esperantists in the various places he intends to visit, he will find them ready to help him in many ways, and his stay abroad will thus be made much more entertaining and instructive than if he had spent his time in the conventional manner of the ordinary tourist. A further great advantage of this international language is, that it opens up to the traveller, not merely one particular country, but the whole of Europe.

The book also aims at affording a practical guide to Esperanto for the student, who will find, in the section on Grammar, all that he needs to give him full insight into and grasp of the language, enabling him with very little effort to read, write and speak correctly.

By joining an Esperanto Group the learner may have frequent opportunity of conversational practice, and he will soon find that it is by no means a difficult matter to become as fluent in the auxiliary language as in his mother-tongue.1

Esperanto is not merely a language for tourists, but already possesses a rich literature of considerable extent, the beginnings of that "Weltlitteratur" foreseen by Goethe; it has a press of its own representing every country of importance in the world, and is constantly being made use of for professional purposes by doctors, scientists, teachers, lawyers, soldiers, sailors, merchants, etc., in every quarter of the globe. It is undoubtedly destined, ere many years have passed, to become a very important factor in the progress of the world.

WILLIAM W. MANN.

London, 1908.

PRINTED AND MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN.

Letchworth: The Garden City Press Ltd.

Fifth Impression

CONTENTS.

Alphabet, with English Phonetic Pronunciation 5

Preliminary Notes.—Accents, Vowels, Diphthongs, etc. 7

Vocabularies.—Pages 9 to 76.

Amusement, Recreation and 41

Animals, Vegetables, &c.:

Animals, Birds and Fishes 12

Fruit, Trees, Flowers and Vegetables 15

Reptiles and Insects 14

Colours 17

Commercial Terms 56

Correspondence 61

Countries and Nations 40

Cycling 44

Cooking and Table Utensils 29

House and Furniture, The 34

Legal Terms 54

Mankind:

Relations 22

Dress and the Toilet 30

Food and Drink 27

Health 26

Human Body, The 23

Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. 24

Motoring 47

Numbers: Cardinal, Ordinal, Collective and Fractional 62 to 64

Parts of Speech.—Pages 64 to 76

Adjectives 64

Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions 72

Verbs 68

Photography 48

Post, Telegraph and Telephone 60

Professions and Trades 52

Recreation and Amusement 41

Religion 50

Telegraph and Telephone (Post, —) 60

Time and Seasons 17

Town, Country, and Agriculture 20

Travelling:

By Road and Rail 36

By Ship 39

Washing List 33

World and its Elements, The 9

Land and Water 10

Minerals and Metals 11

Grammar.—Pages 77 to 88.

The Adjective 77

" Adverb 83

" Article 77

" Conjunction 83

" Noun 77

" Preposition 83

" Pronoun 78

" Verb 81

The Formation of Words, etc.—Pages 84 to 88.

Prefixes and Suffixes 84 to 87

Compound Words 87

Correlatives 88

Conversations.—Pages 89 to 126.

Amusements 112

Commercial and Trading 125

Correspondence 122

Custom House, At the 98

Cycling 114

Enquiries 93

Expressions, (Useful and Necessary) 89

Expressions of Emotion 93

Health 105

Legal and Judicial 123

Meals 102 to 105

Breakfast 102

Dinner 103

Tea 104

Money Changing 126

Motoring 115

Photography 117

Post and Telegraph 121

Religion 118

Shopping 108

Dressmaker 110

Laundress 111

Shoemaker 110

Telegraph (Post and) 121

Time of Day, The 118

Times, Seasons, and Weather 119

Town, In 106

Travelling:—

Arrival 99

Bus and Tram 100

Changing Money 126

Hotel and Rooms 100

Public Notices 94

Railway, By 95

Steamer, By 97

Useful and Necessary Expressions 89

Money.—Equivalent Values 127

Weights and Measures; Postage 128

THE ESPERANTO ALPHABET
(WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION).

The Esperanto Alphabet has 28 letters—23 consonants, 5 vowels:—

Characters.
Name and English Pronunciation.
Phonetics used.

A, a
(ah) like a in father or pa; as patro (pah'troh). In unaccented syllables it should not be dwelt upon, and in all cases it should be pronounced quite purely, without the slight drawling r-sound which is sometimes added to the corresponding vowel in English
ah

B, b
(bo) as in English
b

C, c
(tsoh) like ts in gets, hits, and never as in English; as caro (tsah'roh)
ts

Ĉ, ĉ
(cho) like ch in church; as ĉasi (chah'see)
ch

D, d
(do) as in English, but with tip of tongue placed on back of teeth instead of on front ridge of roof of mouth
d

E, e
(eh) like e in bend pronounced broadly, or a in hate shortly pronounced, but quite pure, entirely without the slight drawling ee-sound often heard after the English vowel; as beno (beh'noh)
e, eh

F, f
(fo) as in English
f

G, g
(go) like g in go, give, as gasto (gah'stoh), and never like g in gem, allege
g

Ĝ, ĝ
(jo) like g in gem, general, and j in jovial; as ĝeni (jeh'nee)
j

H, h
(ho) as in English
h

Ĥ, ĥ
(ĥo) like ch in Scotch loch, ch in German hoch, j in Spanish mujer. This guttural sound is practically a very strongly aspirated h, and may be made by trying to pronounce "ho" with the throat arranged as for saying k:—ĥoro (khoro), ĥino (khino)
kh

I, i
(ee) like ee in seen, as li (lee). In unaccented syllables, and before two consonants together, this i practically becomes the i in it or in wind; as ferminte (fehrr-min'teh)
ee, i

J, j
(yo) always like y in yet, as jes (yehss), vojo (vo'yo), and never like j in judge, joke
y

It should be remembered that j is always a consonant, with the sound of the English y in you. Of course, when j occurs at the end of a word or before a consonant, it practically unites with the preceding vowel to form a diphthong, and loses the full consonantal sound which it has before a vowel. Thus:

Aj (ahy), like ah y in ah yes (almost like y in my); as kaj (kah'y), rajdi (rah'y-dee), krajono (krah-yo'no)
ahy

Ej (ehy), like ay y in say yes; as plej (pleh'y, one syllable)
ehy

Oj (oy), like oh y in oh yes (almost like oy in toy); as ranoj (rah'noy), kojno (koy'noh)
oy

Uj (ooy), like oo y in too young; as tuj (too'y, one syllable), prujno (proo'yno, two syllables)
ooy

Ĵ, ĵ
(zho) like s in vision or pleasure, or j in French jeune, j'ai; as ĵeti (zheh'tee)
zh

K, k
(ko) as in English
k

L, l
(lo) as in English
l

M, m
(mo) as in English
m

N, n
(no) as in English
n

O, o
(oh) like o in horse, not diphthongized, but pronounced purely and rather shortly, as bona (boh'nah NOT bow'nah), quite without the short oo-sound frequently heard with the English vowel in such words as note, boat. Its sound is almost equivalent to aw in caw, pronounced shortly and with the lips placed roundly as if for saying oh; as estonta (ess-tohn'tah)
o, oh

P, p
(po) as in English
p

R, r
(ro) as in English, but sounded much more forcibly, and always with a trill as in singing; as korpo (kohr'po)
r

S, s
(so) like s in say, as suno (soo'noh), and never as s in rose; as pesi (peh'see)
s, ss

Ŝ, ŝ
(sho) like sh in show, she; as ŝipo (shee'poh)
sh

T, t
(to) as in English, but dentally—with tip of tongue placed on back of teeth instead of on front ridge of roof of mouth
t

U, u
(oo) like oo in boot, as nubo (noo'boh); and never as u in mute or but
oo

Ŭ, ŭ
(wo) is equivalent to the English w, and is produced by a partial bringing together of the lips. It practically only occurs after a or e
w, ŏŏ

(1) Aŭ. To say antaŭ, for instance, say "ahn'tah," and finish by bringing the lips slightly together to pronounce the ŭ (w). Similarly for laŭta (lah'w-tah). This sound is not exactly the English ou in house, but is just the au in the German Haus. The phonetic sign for aŭ, therefore is
ahw

(2) Eŭ, as in Eŭropo (ehw-ro'poh), is pronounced with a similar closing of the lips after the eh-sound
ehw

V, v
(vo) as in English
v

Z, z
(zo) as in English
z

PRELIMINARY NOTES.

In order to make the best progress in acquiring the words and sentences in the following pages, the student is recommended to learn a few at a time by repeating them aloud with the aid of the phonetic pronunciation in the third column.

Although the system of phonetics may seem a little cumbersome, practice will soon enable the student to pronounce the words easily and naturally. The following notes will be useful:—

1. Accent.—In Esperanto, every letter, whether vowel or consonant, is sounded. The accented syllable of a word is always the last but one. Thus, nobla (noh'blah), irado (ee-rah'do), telefono (teh-leh-foh'no), internacia (in-tehr-naht-see'ah), folio (fohlee'oh).

It should be borne in mind that j and ŭ are consonants, and do not, like the vowels, of themselves constitute a syllable. Thus, tiu (tee'oo, two syllables) and tiuj (tee'ooy, also two syllables), rajdi (rah'y-dee, not rah-ĭ'dee), antaŭ (ahn'tahw, not ahn-tah'ŏŏ).

2. The vowels, a, e, i, o, u, should in Esperanto be pronounced quite purely, and entirely without any drawling after-sound. Many English speakers diphthongize a, i, o, and pronounce late as "la-it," pale as "pa-il," paper as "pa-y-per," road as "row-d," etc. This habit of drawling the vowels, when transferred to Esperanto, thus: Mi ne povas bone paroli, mee'y nay'ee poh'ŏŏ-vah(r)ss boh'ŏŏ-nehy pah(r)-roh'ŏŏ-leey, immediately reveals the nationality of the speaker.

There is also an inclination to interpose an r-sound between la ("the") and a word beginning with a vowel, thus: la(r)ebleco instead of la ebleco, la(r)internacia lingvo instead of la internacia lingvo, etc. This should be avoided.

3. Combinations of Consonants.—There are a few consonantal combinations which offer a slight difficulty to English beginners, viz., gv, kn, kv, sc. The combinations gv, kn, and kv, as in gvidi (gvee'dee), knabo (knah'bo), kvieto (kvee-eh'toh), may be practised by first placing a vowel before the g or k, and gradually suppressing it. Thus, first say la knabo (lahk-nah'bo), and gradually drop the "lah," until finally knabo can be said without difficulty.

The combination sc, as in sceno (stseh'no), may be learnt thus: Say "last sane" several times, very distinctly pronouncing the st and the s, then gradually "'st sane", and finally sceno (stseh'no) without any preceding vowel-sound. When this combination follows a vowel, as in mi scias, it should cause no difficulty, for the s is easily pronounced with the first syllable, thus: meess-tsee'ahss.

LETTER FROM DR. ZAMENHOF.
(Founder of Esperanto.)

Varsovio, 14.9.08.

Karaj Sinjoroj,—Kun plezuro kaj danko mi ricevis vian leteron de 10.9, kaj ankaŭ la presprovaĵon de "Esperanto Self-Taught."

Ĉar Sro Mann estas tre kompetenta kaj sperta esperantisto, tial mi estas tute certa, ke la libro verkita de li estos tre bona kaj tre utila.

Via,

(Signed) ZAMENHOF.

[TRANSLATION.]

Warsaw, 14.9.08.

Dear Sirs,—I received your letter of Sept. 10, and the proofs of "Esperanto Self-Taught," with pleasure and thanks.

As Mr. Mann is a very competent and experienced Esperantist, I am quite certain that the book written by him will be very good and very useful.

Yours,

(Signed) ZAMENHOF.

VOCABULARIES.

1. The World & its Elements.
(La Mondo kaj ĝiaj Elementoj.)

(See Notes on the Article, p. 77.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Air | aero | ah-eh'ro
cloud | nubo | noo'bo
cold | malvarmo | mahl-vahrr'mo
darkness | mallumo | mahl-loo'mo
dew | roso | ro'so
dust | polvo | pohl'vo
earth | tero | teh'ro
east | oriento | o-ree-ehn'toh
eclipse | eklipso | eh-klip'so
fire | fajro | fahy'ro
fog | nebulo | neh-boo'lo
frost | frosto | frohst'o
hail | hajlo | hahy'lo
heat | varmo | vahrr'mo
light | lumo | loo'mo
lightning | fulmo | fool'mo
moon; —, new | luno; nova luno | loo'no; no'vah loo'no
—, full | plena luno | pleh'nah loo'no
moonlight | lunlumo | loon'loo'mo
nature | naturo | nah-too'ro
north | nordo | nohrr'doh
rain | pluvo | ploo'vo
rainbow | ĉielarko | chee-ehl-ahr'ko
shade, shadow | ombro | ohm'bro
sky | ĉielo | chee-eh'lo
snow | neĝo | neh'jo
south | sudo | soo'doh
star | stelo | steh'lo
sun | suno | soo'no
thaw | degelo | deh-geh'lo
thunder | tondro | tohn'dro
weather | vetero | veteh'ro
west | okcidento | ohk-tsee-dehn'toh
wind | vento | vehn'toh

2. Land and Water.
(La Tero kaj la Akvo.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Bay | golfeto | golf-eh'toh
beach | marbordo | mahrbohr'doh
canal | kanalo | kanah'lo
cape | terkapo | tehr-kah'po
cliff | krutegaĵo | kroo-teh-gah'zho
coast | marbordo | mahr-bohr'doh
creek | kriko | kree'ko
current | akvofluo | ahk'vo-floo'oh
ebb | malfluso | mahl-floo'so
flood (deluge) | inundo | in-oon'doh
— (of the tide) | fluso | floo'so
flow | fluo | floo'oh
foam | ŝaŭmo | shahw'mo
hill | monteto | mohn-teh'toh
ice | glacio | glaht-see'oh
island | insulo | in-soo'lo
lake | lago | lah'go
land | tero | teh'ro
mainland | ĉeftero | chehf-teh'ro
marsh | marĉo | mahr'cho
moor | stepo | steh'po
mountain | monto | mohn'toh
mud | koto | ko'toh
river | rivero | reeveh'ro
rock | roko | ro'ko
sand | sablo | sah'blo
sea | maro | mah'ro
sea-shore | marbordo | mahr-bohr'doh
shingle | ŝtonetaĵo | shto-neh-tah'zho
storm | ventego | ven-teh'go
stream | rivereto | rivehr-eh'toh
tide; —, high | tajdo; altmaro | tahy'doh; ahlt-mah'ro
—, low | malaltmaro | mahl'ahlt-mah'ro
valley | valo | vah'lo
water; —, fresh | akvo; sensala akvo | ahk'vo; sen-sah'la ahk'vo
—, salt | sala akvo | sah'la ahk'vo
waterfall | akvofalo | ahk'vo-fah'lo
wave | ondo | ohn'doh
well | akvoputo | ahk'vo-poo'toh

3. Minerals & Metals.
(Mineraloj kaj Metaloj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Alum | aluno | ahloo'no
amber | sukceno | sookt-seh'no
brass | latuno | lah-too'no
bricks | brikoj | bree'koy
bronze | bronzo | brohn'zo
cement | cemento | tseh-mehn'to
chalk | kreto | kreh'to
clay | argilo | ahr-ghee'lo
coal | karbo | kahrr'bo
concrete | betono | beh-toh'no
copper | kupro | koo'pro
coral | koralo | kohrah'lo
crystal | kristalo | kris-tah'lo
diamond | diamanto | dee-ahmahn'toh
emerald | smeraldo | smehrahl'doh
glass | vitro | vee'tro
gold | oro | oh'ro
granite | granito | grahnee'toh
gravel | gruzo | groo'zo
iron | fero | feh'ro
—, cast | fandfero | fahnd-feh'ro
—, wrought | forĝfero | fohrj-feh'ro
lead | plumbo | ploom'bo
lime | kalko | kahl'ko
marble | marmoro | mahrr-moh'ro
mercury | hidrargo | heedrahrr'go
mortar | mortero | mohr-teh'ro
nickel | nikelo | nik-eh'loh
opal | opalo | ohpah'lo
ore | minaĵo | meenah'zho
pearl | perlo | pehrr'lo
ruby | rubeno | roobeh'no
silver | arĝento | ahrr-jehn'toh
slate | ardezo | ahrr-deh'zo
soda | sodo | so'doh
steel | ŝtalo | shtah'lo
stone | ŝtono | shtoh'no
tin | stano | stah'no
zinc | zinko | zeen'ko

4. Animals, Birds & Fishes.
(Bestoj, Birdoj, kaj Fiŝoj.)

(See Shopping, p. 108.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Animal | besto | beh'stoh
barking | bojado | bo-yah'doh
bear | urso | oorr'so
bird | birdo | beerr'doh
blackbird | merlo | mehrr'lo
braying | azenbleko | ah-zehn-bleh'ko
bull | bovoviro | bo'vo-veer'oh
calf | bovido | bo-vee'doh
canary | kanario | kanah-ree'oh
cat | kato | kah'toh
chicken | kokido | ko-kee'doh
claw, nail | ungo | oon'go
cock | koko | ko'ko
cod | moruo | mo-roo'oh
colt | ĉevalido | chehvah-lee'doh
cow | bovino | bo-vee'no
crab | krabo | krah'bo
cuckoo | kukolo | koo-ko'lo
deer | damcervo | dahm-tsehrr'vo
dog | hundo | hoon'doh
donkey | azeno | ah-zeh'no
dove, pigeon | kolombo | ko-lohm'bo
duck | anaso | ah-nah'so
—, wild | sovaĝa anaso | so-vah'ja ah-nah'so
eagle | aglo | ah'glo
eel | angilo | ahn-ghee'lo
elephant | elefanto | ehleh-fahn'toh
feather | plumo | ploo'mo
fins | naĝiloj | nah-jee'loy
fish | fiŝo | fee'sho
fowl | kortbirdo | kohrrt-beer'doh
fox | vulpo | vool'po
fur | felo | feh'lo
game | ĉasaĵo | chah-sah'zho
gills | brankoj | brahn'koy
goat | kapro | kah'pro
goose | ansero | ahn-seh'ro
gull | mevo | meh'vo
haddock | eglefino | eh-gleh-fee'no
hake | merluĉo | mehr-loo'cho
hare | leporo | lepoh'ro
hen | kokino | ko-kee'no
herring | haringo | har-een'go
hoof | hufo | hoo'foh
horn | korno | kohrr'no
horse | ĉevalo | cheh-vah'loh
howling | blekado | bleh-kah'doh
lamb | ŝafido | shah-fee'do
lark | alaŭdo | ahl-ahw'doh
lion | leono | leh-oh'no
lobster | omaro | o-mah'ro
mackerel | skombro | skohm'bro
magpie | pigo | pee'go
mane | kolhararo | kohl'har-ah'ro
mewing | miaŭado | mee-ah-wah'doh
monkey | simio | sim-ee'oh
mouse | muso | moo'so
mullet | mugelo | moo-gheh'lo
nightingale | najtingalo | nahy-tin-gah'lo
owl | strigo | stree'go
ox | bovo | bo'vo
oyster | ostro | oh'stro
parrot | papago | pa-pah'go
partridge | perdriko | pehr-dree'ko
paw | piedo | pee-eh'doh
peacock | pavo | pah'voh
pheasant | fazano | fah-zah'no
pig | porko | pohrr'ko
pike | ezoko | eh-zo'ko
plaice | plateso | plah-teh'so
quail | koturno | ko-toorr'no
rabbit | kuniklo | koo-nee'klo
rat | rato | rah'toh
raven | korvo | kohrr'vo
rook | frugilego | froo-ghee-leh'go
salmon | salmo | sahl'mo
sheep | ŝafo | shah'fo
snipe | marĉa skolopo | mar'chah sko-lo'po
sparrow | pasero | pa-seh'ro
stork | cikonio | tsee-konee'oh
swallow | hirundo | hee-roon'doh
swan | cigno | tseeg'noh
tail | vosto | vo'sto
thrush | turdo | toorr'doh
tiger | tigro | tee'gro
tortoise | testudo | tess-too'doh
trout | truto | troo'toh
turbot | rombfiŝo | rohmb-fee'sho
turkey | meleagro | meh-leh-ah'gro
turtle | kelonio | keh-lo-nee'oh
whale | baleno | bah-leh'no
wing | flugilo | floo-ghee'lo
wolf | lupo | loo'po
wren | regolo | reh-go'lo

5. Reptiles & Insects.
(Rampuloj kaj Insektoj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Ant | formiko | fohrmee'ko
bee | abelo | ah-beh'lo
beetle | skarabo | skarah'bo
bug | cimo | tsee'moh
butterfly | papilio | pah-peelee'oh
caterpillar | raŭpo | rahw'po
flea | pulo | poo'lo
fly | muŝo | moo'shoh
frog | rano | rah'noh
gnat | kulo | koo'lo
grasshopper | akrido | ah-kree'doh
insect | insekto | insek'toh
moth; —, clothes- | faleno; tineo | fah-leh'no; teeneh'oh
silkworm | silkraŭpo | silk-rahw'po
snail | heliko | heh-lee'ko
snake | serpento | sehr-pehn'toh
spider | araneo | arah-neh'oh
sting | pikilo | peekee'lo
toad | bufo | boo'fo
wasp | vespo | vehs'po
worm | vermo | vehrr'mo

6. Fruits, Trees2, Flowers & Vegetables
(Fruktoj, Arboj, Floroj, kaj Legomoj.)

(For Shopping, see p. 106.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Acorn | glano | glah'noh
almond | migdalo | mig-dah'lo
apple | pomo | poh'mo
apricot | abrikoto | ahbree-ko'toh
ash | frakseno | frahk-seh'noh
asparagus | asparago | ahspah-rah'go
banana | banano | bahnah'no
bark | arbŝelo | ahrb-sheh'lo
beans | faboj | fah'boy
beech (-tree) | fago | fah'go
beetroot | beto | beh'toh
birch (-tree) | betulo | beh-too'lo
blackberry | rubuso | roo-boo'so
bouquet | bukedo | bookeh'do
branch | branĉo | brahn'cho
buttercup | ranunkulo | rahnoon-koo'lo
cabbage | brasiko | brahsee'ko
carrot | karoto | kahroh'toh
cauliflower | florbrasiko | flohr'brah-see'ko
celery | celerio | tseh-lehree'oh
cherry | ĉerizo | chehree'zo
chestnut (edible) | kaŝtano | kashtah'no
chrysanthemum | krizantemo | krizahn-teh'mo
cucumber | kukumo | kookoo'mo
currants (dried) | korintoj | kohreen'toy
daisy | lekanteto | leh-kahn-teh'toh
dandelion | leontodo | leh-ontoh'doh
elm (-tree) | ulmo | ool'mo
evergreen | ĉiamverdulo | chee'ahm-vehrdoo'lo
fern | filiko | feelee'ko
fibre | fibro | fee'broh
fig | figo | fee'go
fir (-tree) | abio | ahbee'oh
flower | floro | floh'roh
fruit-tree | fruktarbo | frookt-ahr'bo
gooseberry | groso | groh'so
grape | vinbero | veenbeh'ro
holly | ilekso | eelek'so
horse-chestnut | hipo-kaŝtano | hee'po-kahshtah'no
horse-radish | kreno | kreh'no
ivy | hedero | heh-deh'ro
kernel | kerno | kehrr'no
laurel | laŭro | lahw'ro
leaf | folio | fohlee'oh
lemon | citrono | tsee-troh'no
lettuce | laktuko | lahk-too'ko
lily | lilio | leelee'oh
lily-of-the-valley | konvalo | kohn-vah'lo
lime (fruit); -tree | limedo; tilio | leemeh'do; teelee'oh
maize | maizo | mah-ee'zo
maple | acero | aht-seh'ro
melon | melono | meh-loh'no
misletoe | visko | vees'ko
mulberry | moruso | moh-roo'so
nettle | urtiko | oortee'ko
nut; walnut | nukso; juglando | nook'so; yooglahn'do
oak (-tree) | kverko | kvehrr'ko
onion | bulbo | bool'bo
orange | oranĝo | ohrahn'jo
parsnip | pastinako | pahstee-nah'ko
peach | persiko | pehrr-see'ko
pear | piro | pee'ro
peas | pizoj | pee'zoy
pine-apple | ananaso | ah-nahnah'so
plant | kreskaĵo | kreskah'zho
plum | pruno | proo'no
potatoes | terpomo | tehrr-poh'mo
primrose | primolo | pree-mo'lo
privet | ligustro | lee-goost'ro
pumpkin | kukurbo | kookoorr'bo
radishes | rafanoj | rahfah'noy
raisins | sekvinberoj | sek-vinbeh'roy
raspberry | frambo | frahm'bo
root | radiko | rahdee'ko
rose | rozo | roh'zo
skin, shell (of fruit) | ŝelo | sheh'lo
sloe | prunelo | prooneh'lo
spinach | spinaco | speenaht'so
stalk, stem | trunketo | troonkeh'toh
strawberry | frago | frah'go
stump | stumpo | stoom'po
tomato | tomato | toh-mah'toh
tree | arbo | ar'bo
trunk (tree-) | trunko | troon'ko
tulip | tulipo | toolee'po
turnip | napo | nah'po
vegetable marrow | medolkukurbo | mehdohl'kookoor'bo
vine | vinberujo | vinbehr-oo'yoh
violet | violo | vee-oh'lo
willow | saliko | sahlee'ko

7. Colours.
(Koloroj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Black | nigra | nee'gra
blue | blua | bloo'ah
brown | bruna | broo'na
crimson | punca | poont'sah
dark | malhela | mahl-heh'la
green | verda | vehrr'da
grey | griza | gree'za
light | hela | heh'la
orange | oranĝa | ohrahn'ja
pink | rozkolora | rohz-kohlo'ra
purple | purpura | poorr-poo'ra
red | ruĝa | roo'ja
scarlet | skarlata | skahr-lah'ta
violet | violkolora | veeohl'kohlo'ra
white | blanka | blahn'ka
yellow | flava | flah'va

8. Times & Seasons.
(La Tempoj kaj la Sezonoj.)

(For Conversations, see p. 119.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Afternoon | posttagmezo | post-tahg-meh'zo
Bank holidays | bankaj libertagoj | bahn'kahy lee-behrr-tah'goy
Good Friday | Sankta Vendredo | sahnk'tah ven-dreh'doh
Easter Monday | Paska lundo | pah'skah loon'doh
Whit-Monday | Pentekosta lundo | penteh-ko'stah loon'doh
first Monday in August | la unua lundo en Aŭgusto | lah oo-noo'ah loon'doh en ahw-goo'sto
Boxing-day | la tago post Kristnasko | lah tah'go post krist-nah'sko
beginning | komenciĝo | koh-ment-see'jo
birthday | naskotago | nah'sko-tah'go
century | centjaro | tsehnt-yah'ro
Christmas-day | Kristnasko | krist-nah'sko
dawn, daybreak | tagiĝo | tah-ghee'jo
day | tago | tah'go
days of the week | tagoj de la semajno | tah'goy deh la sehmahy'no
Sunday | dimanĉo | deemahn'cho
Monday | lundo | loon'doh
Tuesday | mardo | mahrr'doh
Wednesday | merkredo | mehrr-kreh'doh
Thursday | ĵaŭdo | zhahw'doh
Friday | vendredo | vendreh'doh
Saturday | sabato | sahbah'toh
Easter | Pasko | pah'sko
end | fino | fee'no
evening | vespero | veh-speh'ro
fortnight | du semajnoj | doo seh-mahy'noy
half | duono | doo-oh'no
half-a-century | duoncentjaro | doo-ohn'tsent-yah'ro
half-an-hour | duonhoro | doo-ohn-ho'ro
holiday | libertempo | libehr-tehm'po
hour | horo | ho'ro
last month | lastan monaton | lah'stahn monah'tohn
last night | hieraŭ nokte | hee-eh'rahw nohk'teh
last Sunday | lastan dimanĉon | lah'stahn deemahn'chon
last week | lastan semajnon | lah'stahn seh-mahy'nohn
leap year | superjaro | soo'pehrr-yah'ro
Lent | la Fastsezono | la fahst'seh-zo'no
Michaelmas | la tago de Sankta Miĥaelo | lah tah'go deh sahnk'tah meekhah-eh'lo
midnight | noktomezo | nohk'toh-meh'zo
midsummer | somermezo | so-mehr-meh'zo
minute | minuto | mee-noo'toh
month | monato | mo-nah'toh
months, the | la monatoj | la mo-nah'toy
January | Januaro | yah-noo-ah'ro
February | Februaro | feh-broo-ah'ro
March | Marto | mahrr'toh
April | Aprilo | ah-pree'lo
May | Majo | mah'yo
June | Junio | yoo-nee'oh
July | Julio | yoo-lee'oh
August | Aŭgusto | ahw-goost'oh
September | Septembro | sep-tehm'bro
October | Oktobro | ok-toh'bro
November | Novembro | no-vehm'bro
December | Decembro | deht-sehm'bro
morning | mateno | mah-teh'no
next day | la proksima(n) tago(n)3 | la proksee'mah(n) tah'goh(n)
night | nokto | nok'toh
noon | tagmezo | tahg-meh'zo
quarter | kvarono | kvah-ro'no
quarter of an hour | kvaronhoro | kvah-rohn-ho'ro
season | sezono | seh-zo'no
seasons | la sezonoj | la seh-zo'noy
spring | printempo | prin-tehm'po
summer | somero | soh-mehr'o
autumn | aŭtuno | ahw-too'no
winter | vintro | vin'tro
second | sekundo | seh-koon'doh
sunrise | sunleviĝo | soon'leh-vee'jo
sunset | sunsubiro | soon'soobeer'o
time | tempo | tehm'po
to-day | hodiaŭ | hoh-dee'ahw
to-morrow | morgaŭ | morr'gahw
to-night | hodiaŭ nokte | hoh-dee'ahw nok'teh
twilight | krepusko | krehpoos'ko
week | semajno | seh-mahy'no
week-day | labortago | lahbohr-tah'go
Whitsuntide | Pentekosto | penteh-kohs'toh
year | jaro | yah'ro
yesterday | hieraŭ | hee-eh'rahw
yesterday morning | hieraŭ matene | hee-eh'rahw mahteh'neh

9. Town, Country and Agriculture.
(La Urbo, la Kamparo, kaj la Terkulturo).

(For Conversations, see p. 106.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Bank | deklivo | deh-klee'vo
bank (edge) | bordo | bohrr'doh
barley | hordeo | hohrdeh'o
barn | grenejo | greh-neh'yo
bridge | ponto | pohn'toh
brook | rivereto | reevehr-eh'toh
building | konstruaĵo | kon-stroo-ah'zho
bush, shrub | arbusto | ahrr-boo'sto
cattle | brutoj | broo'toy
cemetery | tombejo | tohm-beh'yo
clover | trifolio | tree-fohl-ee'o
corn | greno | greh'no
cottage | dometo | doh-meh'toh
country, the | la kamparo | lah kahm-pah'ro
courtyard | korto | kohrr'toh
crop | rikolto | ree-kohl'toh
dairy | laktejo | lahk-teh'yo
ditch | fosaĵo | foh-sah'zho
drain | drenilo | drehn-ee'lo
farm | farmbieno | fahrm'bee-eh'no
farmer | farmisto | fahrm-ist'o
fence | palisaro | pahlee-sah'ro
field | kampo | kahm'po
flock (of sheep) | ŝafaro | shahf-ah'ro
foot-path | piedvojeto | pee-ehd'vo-yeh'toh
foot-pavement | trotuaro | tro-tooahr'o
forest | arbaro | ahr-bar'o
garden | ĝardeno | jahrr-deh'no
gate | barpordo | bahr-pohr'doh
grass | herbo | hehrr'bo
harvest | grenrikolto | grehn'reekohl'toh
hay | fojno | foy'no
hedge | plektobarilo | plek'toh-bahree'lo
herd | bovaro | bo-vah'ro
high road | ĉefvojo | chehf-vo'yoh
hotel | hotelo | ho-teh'lo
hut | kabano | kah-bah'noh
inn | gastejo | gah-steh'yoh
labourer | laboristo | lah-bo-reest'o
land, soil | tero | tehr'o
library | biblioteko | bib-lee-oh-teh'ko
log | ŝtipo | shtee'po
manure | sterko | stehrr'ko
market | vendejo | vendeh'yo
market-place | vendeja placo | vendeh'ya plaht'so
meadow | herbejo | hehr-beh'yo
mile | mejlo | mehy'lo
mill | muelilo | moo-ehlee'lo
monument | monumento | mo-noomehn'toh
oats | aveno | ah-veh'no
palace | palaco | pah-laht'so
place, spot | loko | lo'ko
pasture | paŝtejo | pah-shteh'yo
plough | plugilo | ploo-ghee'lo
police-station | policejo | pohleet-seh'yo
prison | malliberejo | mahl-lee-beh-reh'yo
public-house | trinkejo | trin-keh'yoh
restaurant | restoracio | restohraht-see'o
river | rivero | ree-veh'ro
road | vojo | vo'yoh
rye | sekalo | seh-kah'lo
school | lernejo | lehrr-neh'yo
seed | semo | seh'mo
shepherd | paŝtisto | pah-shteest'o
shop | butiko | bootee'ko
square | placo | plaht'so
stack | stako | stah'ko
street | strato | strah'toh
street-lamp | stratlanterno | straht'lahn-tehrr'no
tower | turo | toor'o
town | urbo | oorr'bo
town-hall | urbdomo | oorrb-doh'mo
tramway | tramvojo | trahm-vo'yoh
tree | arbo | ahrr'bo
university | universitato | oonivehr-seetah'toh
village | vilaĝo | veelah'jo
waterfall | akvofalo | ahk'vo-fah'lo
wheat | tritiko | treetee'ko

10. Mankind: Relations.
(La Homaro: Parencoj).

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Aunt | onklino | ohn-klee'no
baby | infaneto | infahn-eh'toh
boy | knabo | knah'bo
bride | edzinigato | ed-zeenee-gah'toh
bridegroom | edzigato | edzee-gah'toh
brother | frato | frah'toh
child | infano | infahn'o
cousin | kuzo m., kuzino f. | koo'zo, koozee'no
daughter | filino | feelee'no
daughter-in-law | bofilino | bo-feelee'no
family | familio | fahmee-lee'o
father | patro | pah'tro
father-in-law | bopatro | bo-pah'tro
gentleman, Mr. | sinjoro | seenyohr'o
girl | knabino | knah-bee'no
grand-daughter | nepino | neh-pee'no
grandfather | avo | ah'vo
grandmother | avino | ah-vee'no
grandson | nepo | neh'po
husband | edzo | ehd'zo
lady, Mrs. | sinjorino | seen-yohr-ee'no
man, a | viro | vee'ro
man (human being) | homo | ho'mo
marriage | edziĝo | ed-zee'jo
mother | patrino | pah-tree'no
mother-in-law | bopatrino | bo-pah-tree'no
nephew | nevo | neh'vo
niece | nevino | neh-vee'no
parents | gepatroj | gheh-pah'troy
people, the | la popolo | lah po-po'lo
person | persono | pehr-so'no
single man, bachelor | fraŭlo | frahw'lo
single woman, young lady, Miss | fraŭlino | frahw-lee'no
sister | fratino | frah-tee'no
sister-in-law | bofratino | bo-frahtee'no
son | filo | fee'lo
step-son | duonfilo | doo-ohn-fee'lo
uncle | onklo | ohn'klo
widow | vidvino | vid-vee'no
widower | vidvo | veed'vo
wife | edzino | ed-zee'no
woman | virino | veeree'no

11. The Human Body.
(La Homa Korpo).

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Abdomen | ventro | vehn'tro
ankle | maleolo | mah-leh-o'lo
arm | brako | brah'ko
back | dorso | dohrr'so
beard | barbo | bahrr'bo
blood | sango | sahn'go
body | korpo | kohrr'po
bone | osto | oh'sto
bowels | intestoj | intess'toy
brain | cerbo | tsehrr'bo
cheek | vango | vahn'go
chest | brusto | broo'sto
chin | mentono | men-toh'no
complexion | vizaĝkoloro | veezahj'ko-lohr'o
ear | orelo | o-reh'lo
elbow | kubuto | kooboo'toh
eye | okulo | o-koo'lo
eyebrow | brovo | bro'vo
eyelid | palpebro | pahlpeh'bro
face | vizaĝo | vee-zah'jo
finger | fingro | feen'gro
foot | piedo | pee-eh'doh
forehead | frunto | froon'toh
hair, a; hair, -s | haro; la haroj | ha'ro; la hah'roy
hand | mano | mah'no
head | kapo | kah'po
heart | koro | ko'ro
heel | kalkano | kahlkah'no
kidneys | renoj | reh'noy
knee | genuo | gheh-noo'oh
leg | kruro | kroo'ro
limb | membro | mehm'bro
lip | lipo | lee'po
liver | hepato | heh-pah'toh
lungs | pulmoj | pool'moy
moustache | lipharoj | leep-hah'roy
mouth | buŝo | boo'sho
nail | ungo | oon'go
neck | kolo | ko'lo
nose | nazo | nah'zo
shoulder | ŝultro | shool'tro
side | flanko | flahn'ko
skin | haŭto | hahw'toh
spine | spino | spee'no
stomach | stomako | sto-mah'ko
temple | tempio | tehmpee'oh
throat | gorĝo | gohrr'jo
thumb | dika fingro | dee'kah feen'gro
toe | piedfingro | pee-ehd-feen'gro
tongue | lango | lahn'go
tooth | dento | dehn'toh
whiskers | vangharoj | vahng-hah'roy
wrist | karpeo | kahrr-peh'o

12. Physical & Mental Powers, Qualities, etc.
(Korpaj kaj Mensaj Kapabloj, Ecoj, k.t.p.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Age | aĝo | ah'jo
—, old | maljuneco | mahl-yoon-eht'so
anger | kolero | ko-leh'ro
art | arto | ahrr'toh
breadth, width | larĝeco | lahrr-jeht'so
character | karaktero | kar-ahk-teh'ro
childhood | infaneco | infahn-eht'so
depth | profundeco | pro-foon-deht'so
dislike | malameti | mah-lah-meh'tee
emotions | emocioj | eh-moht-see'oy
fear | timo | tee'mo
foolishness, folly | malsaĝeco | mahl-sah-jeht'so
gentleness | mildeco | meel-deht'so
goodness | boneco | bo-neht'so
greatness | grandeco | grahn-deht'so
hatred | malamo | mahl-ah'mo
height | grandeco | grahn-deht'so
stature | staturo | stah-too'ro
honesty; dishonesty | honesteco; mal- | honest-eht'so; mahl-
honour; dishonour | honoro; mal- | ho-noh'ro; mahl-
intellect | intelekto | intelehk'toh
intelligence | inteligenteco | intehlee-ghen-teht'so
joy | ĝojo | joh'yo
judgment (faculty) | juĝkapablo | yooj'kah-pah'blo
knowledge | scio | stsee'oh
laughter; a laugh | ridado; rido | ree-dah'doh; ree'doh
learning | klereco | klehr-eht'so
length | longeco | lohn-geht'so
love | amo | ah'mo
manhood | vireco | veer-eht'so
mind | menso | mehn'so
patience | pacienco | paht-see-ehnt'so
pleasure | plezuro | pleh-zoor'o
politeness, courtesy | ĝentileco | jehn-tee-leht'so
reason (faculty) | prudento | proo-dehn'toh
science | scienco | stsee-ehnt'so
senses, the | la sentoj | lah sehn'toy
feeling, touch | palpado | pahl-pah'doh
hearing | aŭdado | ahw-dah'doh
seeing, sight | vidado | vee-dah'doh
smelling, smell | flarado | flah-rah'do
tasting, taste | gustumado | goostoom-ah'doh
shape | formo | fohrr'mo
size | amplekso | ahm-plek'so
smell (odour) | odoro | oh-doh'ro
smiling; a smile | ridetado; rideto | reedehtah'do; reedeh'toh
sneezing; a sneeze | ternado; terno | tehrr-nah'doh; tehrr'no
sorrow | malĝojo | mahl-jo'yo
speaking, speech | parolado | pah-ro-lah'doh
strength | forteco | fohrr-teht'so
stupidity | stulteco | stool-teht'so
surprise | surprizo | soorr-pree'zo
taste (of a thing) | gusto | goos'toh
thickness | dikeco | dee-keht'so
thinking, thought | pensado | pehn-sah'doh
thought, a | penso | pehn'so
voice | voĉo | vo'cho
weakness (quality) | malforteco | mahl-fohrr-teht'so
wisdom | saĝo | sah'jo
womanhood | virineco | vee-ree-neht'so
youth (quality) | juneco | yoo-neht'so

13. Health.
(La Sano.)

(For Conversations see p. 105.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Accident | akcidento | ahkt-see-dehn'toh
ambulance | ambulanco | ahm-boo-lahnt'so
bandage | bandaĝo | bahn-dah'jo
biliousness | galmalsano | gahl-mahl-sah'no
blister | veziketo | veh-zee-keh'toh
bruise | kontuzo | kon-too'zo
burn | brulvundo | brool-voon'doh
chemist's (shop) | apoteko | ahpo-teh'ko
chilblain | frostabsceso | frohst-ahbs-tseh'so
chill, cold | malvarmumo | mahl-vahr-moo'mo
contagion | kontaĝio | kon-tahjee'o
corns | kaloj | kah'loy
cough | tuso | too'so
cramp | krampfo | krahmp'fo
dentist | dentisto | dehn-tis'toh
diarrhœa | lakso | lahk'so
diet | dieto | dee-eht'o
disease, illness | malsano | mahl-sah'no
doctor | kuracisto | koo-raht-sis'toh
dysentery | disenterio | dis-ehn-teh-ree'o
exercise | ekzercado | ek-zehrt-sah'do
exhaustion | ellaciĝo | ellaht-see'jo
to faint | sveni | sveh'nee
fainting | sveno | sveh'no
fever | febro | feh'bro
fit | atako (epilepsia) | ah-tah'ko (eh-peelep-see'ah)
fracture | ostrompo | ost-rohm'po
gout | podagro | po-dah'gro
headache | kapdoloro | kahp-dolohr'o
hospital | hospitalo | hospit-ah'lo
ill, sick | malsana | mahl-sah'nah
indigestion | dispepsio | dis-pep-see'o
inflammation | inflamo | inflah'mo
lame | lama | lah'ma
medicine | medicino | med-eet-see'no
nurse | flegistino | fleh-ghis-tee'no
ointment | ungvento | oong-vehn'toh
operation | operacio | oh-peh-raht-see'o
pain | doloro | doh-lohr'o
paralysis | paralizo | pa-rah-lee'zo
physician | medicinisto | mehdit-seen-eest'o
pill | pilolo | pee-lo'lo
poison | veneno | veh-neh'no
poultice | kataplasmo | kah-tah-plahs'mo
prescription | recepto | reht-sep'toh
rest | ripozado | ree-po-zah'doh
scald | brogo | broh'go
sea-sickness | marmalsano | mahr-mahl-sah'no
sprain | tordvundo | tohrd-voon'doh
sting | pikvundo | peek-voon'doh
tonic | stimulilo | stimoolee'lo
unwell, to be | farti malbone | fahrr'tee mahlbo'neh
well, to be | farti bone | fahrr'tee bo'neh
wound | vundo | voon'doh

14. Food & Drink.
(Manĝaĵoj kaj Trinkaĵoj.)

(For Conversations see pp. 102–105.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Appetite | apetito | ah-peh-tee'toh
beverages | trinkaĵoj | trin-kah'zhoy
beer | biero | bee-ehr'o
chocolate | ĉokolado | cho-ko-lah'doh
cocoa | kakao | kah-kah'o
coffee | kafo | kah'fo
lemonade | citronakvo | tsee-trohn-ahk'vo
milk | lakto | lahk'toh
soda water | sodakvo | sohd-ahk'vo
tea | teo | teh'o
water | akvo | ahk'vo
wine | vino | vee'no
bill-of-fare | manĝokarto | mahn'jo-kahr'toh
biscuits | biskvitoj | bisk-vee'toy
bread | pano | pah'no
brown bread | bruna pano | broo'nah pah'no
new bread | freŝa pano | freh'shah pah'no
stale bread | malfreŝa pano | mahl-freh'shah pah'no
rolls | bulkoj | bool'koy
hot roll | varma bulko | vahr'mah bool'ko
boiled | bolkuirita | bohl'koo-eeree'tah
bottle | botelo | boh-teh'lo
butter | butero | boo-tehr'o
cake | kuko | koo'ko
cheese | fromaĝo | fro-mah'jo
chicken | kokidaĵo | koh-keed-ah'zho
cinnamon | cinamo | tsee-nah'mo
cooked; un- | kuirita; ne- | koo-eeree'tah; neh-
cream | kremo | kreh'mo
custard | flano | flah'no
dessert | deserto | deh-sehr'toh
eggs | ovoj | oh'voy
fish, dried | sekigita fiŝo | seh-kee-ghee'tah fee'sho
—, fresh | freŝa fiŝo | freh'shah fee'sho
flour | faruno | fah-roo'no
fowl | kokaĵo | koh-kah'zho
fruits | fruktoj | frook'toy
ginger | zingibro | zin-ghee'bro
honey | mielo | mee-eh'lo
hunger | malsato | mahl-sah'toh
ice, an | glaciaĵo | glahtsee-ah'zho
jam, preserve | konfitaĵo | konfee-tah'zho
marmalade | marmelado | mahr-meh-lah'do
meals | manĝoj | mahn'joy
breakfast | matenmanĝo | maht-ehn-mahn'jo
dinner | ĉefmanĝo | chehf-mahn'jo
luncheon | lunĉo | loon'cho
tea | teomanĝo | teh'o-mahn'jo
supper | vespermanĝo | vespehr-mahn'jo
meat | viando | vee-ahn'doh
bacon | lardo | lahr'doh
beef | bovaĵo | bo-vah'zho
beefsteak | bifsteko | beef-steh'ko
fat | graso | grah'so
ham | ŝinko | sheen'ko
kidneys | renoj | reh'noy
lamb | ŝafidaĵo | shah-feedah'zho
lean | malgraso | mahl-grah'so
mutton | ŝafaĵo | shah-fah'zho
mutton cutlet | ŝafkotletoj | shahf'kot-leh'toy
pork | porkaĵo | pohrr-kah'zho
sausage | kolbaso | kohl-bah'so
veal | bovidaĵo | bo-veed-ah'zho
mustard | mustardo | moos-tahr'doh
oil | oleo | o-leh'o
omelet, an | omeleto | oh-meh-leh'toh
pancake | krespo | kreh'spo
pastry | kukaĵoj | koo-kah'zhoy
pepper | pipro | pee'pro
pie | pasteĉo | pahs-teh'cho
poultry | kortbirdaĵo | kort-beerr-dah'zho
pudding | pudingo | poo-deen'go
rice | rizo | ree'zo
roast(ed) | rostita | roh-stee'tah
salad | salato | sah-laht'o
salt | salo | sah'lo
sauce, gravy | saŭco | sahwt'so
smoking | fumado | foo-mah'doh
cigar | cigaro | tsee-gahr'o
cigarette | cigaredo | tsee-gahr-eh'doh
matches | alumetoj | ahloo-meh'toy
pipe | pipo | pee'po
tobacco | tabako | tah-bah'ko
tobacco-pouch | tabakujo | tah-bah-koo'yo
soup | supo | soo'po
sugar | sukero | soo-kehr'o
sweets | dolĉaĵoj | dohl-chah'zhoy
thirst | soifo | so-eef'o
toothpick | dentpurigilo | dent'pooree-ghee'lo
under-done | ne elkuirita | neh elkoo-eeree'tah
vegetables | legomoj | leh-go'moy
vinegar | vinagro | vee-nah'gro
well-done | elkuirita | el-koo-eeree'tah

15. Cooking & Table Utensils.
(Kuiraj kaj Manĝaj Iloj.)

(For Conversations See pp. 102–105.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Basin | pelvo | pehl'vo
coffee-pot | kafpoto | kahf-po'toh
corkscrew | korktirilo | kork-teeree'lo
cruet-stand | kondimentujo | kondimehntoo'yo
cup | taso | tah'so
decanter | karafo | kah-rah'fo
dish | plado | plah'do
dish-cover | pladkovrilo | plahd'ko-vree'lo
filter | filtrilo | fil-tree'lo
fork | forko | fohrr'ko
frying-pan | pato | pah'toh
glass, tumbler | glaso | glah'so
grill | rostokrado | ro'sto-krah'doh
jug | kruĉo | kroo'cho
kettle | bolilo | bo-lee'lo
knife | tranĉilo | trahn-chee'lo
lid | kovrilo | ko-vree'lo
mat | mato | mah'toh
nut-crackers | nuksrompilo | nooks-rompee'lo
oven | bakforno | bahk-fohr'no
plate | telero | teleh'ro
salt-cellar | salujo | sah-loo'yo
saucepan | kaserolo | kah-sehr-oh'lo
saucer | tastelero | tahss-teleh'ro
serviette | buŝtuko | boosh-too'ko
(soup-)ladle | (sup)kulerego | (soop')koo-lehr-eh'go
spoon | kulero | koo-leh'ro
stove | forno | fohrr'no
strainer | kribrokulero | kree'bro-koo-leh'ro
table-cloth | tablotuko | tah'blo-too'ko
teapot | te-poto | teh-po'toh
tea-spoon | te-kulero | teh-kooleh'ro
tray | pleto | pleh'toh
water-bottle | akvokarafo | ahk'vo-karah'fo
wine-glass | vinglaso | veen-glah'so

16. Dress & the Toilet.
(La Vestoj kaj la Tualeto.)

(See also Washing List, following, and Conversations pp. 108–112.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Bath | bano | bah'no
bodice | korsaĵo | kor-sah'zho
bonnet | kufo | koo'fo
bootlaces | laĉoj | lah'choy
boots | botoj | bo'toy
bow | banto | bahn'toh
bracelet | braceleto | braht-seh-leht'o
braces | ŝelko | shehl'ko
breeches | pantaloneto | pahn-tah-lo-neh'toh
brooch | broĉo | bro'cho
brush | broso | bro'so
brush, clothes- | vestbroso | vest-bro'so
—, nail- | ungobroso | oon'go-bro'so
—, tooth- | dentbroso | dent-bro'so
buckle | buko | boo'ko
button | butono | boo-to'no
button-hook | butontirilo | boo-tohn'tee-ree'lo
cap | ĉapeto | cha-peh'toh
cloak | mantelo | mahn-teh'lo
clothing, dress | vestaĵo | vestah'zho
coat | vesto | veh'sto
comb | kombilo | kohm-bee'lo
corsets, stays | korseto | kor-seh'toh
dress, gown | robo | ro'bo
evening dress | frako | frah'ko
eye-glasses | nazumo | na-zoo'mo
frock-coat | redingoto | red-ingo'toh
gaiters | gamaŝoj | gah-mah'shoy
garters | ŝtrumpligiloj | shtroom-plee-ghee'loy
gloves | gantoj | gahn'toy
hairpin | harpinglo | har-peen'glo
hat | ĉapelo | chahpeh'lo
hatpin | ĉapelpinglo | chapehl-peen'glo
jacket | jako | yah'ko
jewellery | juveloj | yoo-veh'loy
knot | nodo | no'do
linen | tolaĵo | to-lah'zho
lining | subŝtofo | soob-shtoh'fo
looking-glass, mirror | spegulo | speh-goo'lo
material (dress, etc.) | ŝtofo | shtoh'fo
calico | kalikoto | kahlee-ko'toh
cloth | drapo | drah'po
cotton | katuno | kahtoo'no
crape | krepo | kreh'po
flannel | flanelo | flahneh'lo
flannelette | flaneleto | flahneh-leh'toh
fur | pelto | pehl'toh
lace | punto | poon'toh
leather | ledo | leh'doh
linen | tolo | toh'lo
muslin | muslino | mooss-lee'no
print | katuno | kahtoo'no
satin | atlaso | ahtlah'so
silk | silko | seel'ko
velvet | veluro | vel-oor'o
velveteen | felpo | fehl'po
wool | lano | lah'no
morning-coat | ĵako | zhah'ko
muff | mufo | moo'fo
needle | kudrilo | koo-dree'lo
overcoat | palto | pahl'toh
parasol | sunombrelo | soon-ombreh'lo
petticoat | subjupo | soob-yoo'po
pins | pingloj | peen'gloy
pocket | poŝo | po'sho
pocket-book | poŝlibro | pohsh-lee'bro
purse | monujo | mo-noo'yo
razor | razilo | rahzee'lo
ribbon | rubando | roo-bahn'doh
ring | ringo | reen'go
scissors | tondilo | tohndee'loh
sewing-cotton | kotonfadeno | ko-tohn'fah-deh'no
sewing-silk | silkfadeno | silk-fahdeh'no
shawl | ŝalo | shah'lo
shoe-horn | ŝukorno | shoo-kohr'no
shoes | ŝuoj | shoo'oy
skirt | jupo | yoo'po
sleeve | maniko | mah-nee'ko
slippers | pantofloj | pahn-toh'floy
soap | sapo | sah'po
spectacles | okulvitroj | okool-vee'troy
sponge | spongo | spohn'go
stud | kolumbutono | koloom'boo-toh'no
suit (clothes) | kompleto | kom-pleh'toh
tape | rubandeto | roobahn-deh'toh
thimble | fingringo | fin-green'go
thread | fadeno | fah-deh'no
tie, neck-tie | kravato | krah-vah'toh
tooth-powder | dentpulvoro | dent-pool-vo'ro
trousers | pantalono | pahn-tahlo'no
tunic | tuniko | too-nee'ko
umbrella | pluvombrelo | ploov-ombreh'lo
veil | vualo | voo-ah'lo
waistcoat | veŝto | vesh'toh
walking-stick | irbastono | eer-bah-sto'no
watch | poŝhorloĝo | pohsh-horlo'jo
waterproof (coat) | pluvmantelo | ploov-mahn-teh'lo

17. Washing List.
(Lavlisto.)

(For Conversations see p. 111.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Aprons | antaŭtukoj | ahn'tahw-too'koy
blankets | lanaj litkovriloj | lah'nahy leet'ko-vree'loy
blouses | bluzoj | bloo'zoy
bodices | korsaĵoj | kohr-sah'zhoy
chemises | ĉemizoj virinaj | cheh-mee'zoy vee-reen'ahy
collars, lace | puntaj kolumoj | poon'tahy ko-loo'moy
collars, linen | tolaj kolumoj | to'lahy ko-loo'moy
combinations | kombinaĵoj | kom-been-ah'zhoy
cuffs | manumoj | mah-noo'moy
drawers, pairs of | kalsonoj | kahl-so'noy
dresses | roboj | ro'boy
dressing-gowns | negliĝroboj | neh-gleej-ro'boy
dusters | viŝtukoj | veesh-too'koy
handkerchiefs, pocket | naztukoj | nahz-too'koy
—, silk | silkaj naztukoj | seel'kahy nahz-too'koy
napkins (child's) | tuketoj | tookeh'toy
neckties | kravatoj | krahvah'toy
night-shirts, -dresses | noktoĉemizoj | nok'toh-cheh-mee'zoy
flannel petticoats | flanelaj subjupoj | flaneh'lahy soobyoo'poy
pillow-cases | kapkuseningoj | kahp'koo-seh-neen'goy
pinafores | antaŭtuketoj | ahn'tahw-too-keh'toy
pyjamas (suits) | piĝamoj | pee-jah'moy
serviettes | buŝtukoj | boosh-too'koy
sheets | littukoj | leet-too'koy
shirts | ĉemizoj viraj | cheh-mee'zoy veer'ahy
sleeves | manikoj | mah-nee'koy
socks | ŝtrumpetoj | shtroom-peh'toy
stockings | ŝtrumpoj | shtroom'poy
silk stockings | silkaj ŝtrumpoj | seel'kahy shtroom'poy
table-cloths | tablotukoj | tah'blo-too'koy
towels | manviŝiloj | mahn-vee-shee'loy
under-vests | kamizoloj | kah-mee-zo'loy
waistcoats | veŝtoj | vesh'toy
—, flannel | flanelaj veŝtoj | fla-neh'lahy vesh'toy

18. The House and Furniture.
(La Domo kaj la Meblaro.)

(For Shopping see p. 108.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Ante-room | antaŭĉambro | ahn'tahw-chahm'bro
armchair | brakseĝo | brahk-seh'jo
ashes | cindro | tseen'dro
ash-pan | cindrujo | tsin-droo'yo
attic | mansardo | mahn-sahrr'doh
basket | korbo | kohrr'bo
bathroom | banĉambro | bahn-chahm'bro
bedstead, bed | lito | lee'toh
bedroom | dormoĉambro | dohr'mo-chahm'bro
bell | sonorilo | so-no-ree'lo
blind | rulkurteno | rool-koor-teh'no
bolster | transkuseno | trahns-koo-seh'no
bolt | riglilo | reeglee'lo
book | libro | lee'bro
book-case | libroŝranko | lee'bro-shrahn'ko
book-shelf | librobreto | lee'bro-breh'toh
box | skatolo | skah-toh'lo
bracket | krampobreto | krahmpo-breh'toh
brick | briko | bree'ko
broom | balailo | ba-la-ee'lo
burner | flamingo | flah-meen'go
candle | kandelo | kahn-deh'lo
candlestick | kandelingo | kahn-deh-leen'go
carpet | tapiŝo | tah-pee'sho
ceiling | plafono | plah-fo'no
cellar | kelo | keh'lo
chair, seat | seĝo | seh'jo
chamber-utensil | necesujo | neht-seh-soo'yo
chandelier, lustre | lustro | loo'stro
chest of drawers | tirkestaro | teer'kest-ah'ro
clock | horloĝo | hohrr-lo'jo
coals | karbo | kahrr'bo
couch | kanapo | kah-nah'po
counterpane | litkovrilo | leet'ko-vree'lo
court-yard | korto | kohr'toh
cradle | lulilo | loo-lee'lo
cupboard | ŝranko | shrahn'ko
curtain | kurteno | koor-teh'no
cushion | kuseno | koo-seh'no
dining-room | manĝoĉambro | mahn'jo-chahm'bro
dinner-waggon | telertablo | telehr-tah'blo
door | pordo | pohrr'doh
door-handle | anso | ahn'so
drawing-room | akcepta salono | ahk-tsep'tah sah-lo'no
dresser | telermeblo | telehr-meh'blo
feather-bed | plumlito | ploom-lee'toh
fender | fajrbarilo | fire-bah-ree'lo
fire | fajro | fah'y-ro (fire-oh)
fire-place | fajrejo | fahy-reh'yo
flame | flamo | flah'mo
floor | planko | plahn'ko
floor, story | etaĝo | ehtah'jo
footstool | skabelo | skah-beh'lo
furniture, piece of | meblo | meh'blo
garden | ĝardeno | jahr-deh'no
gas | gaso | gah'so
gas-bracket | gas-brako | gahss-brah'ko
grate | fajrujo | fahy-roo'yo
hall (entrance) | vestiblo | vestee'blo
hand-basin | lavujo | lah-voo'yo
(hearth-)rug | (kamen)tapiŝeto | (kah-mehn') tah-pee-sheh'toh
house | domo | doh'mo
key | ŝlosilo | shlo-see'lo
kitchen | kuirejo | koo-ee-reh'yo
lamp | lampo | lahm'po
landing | etaĝ-placeto | ehtahj'plaht'seh'toh
larder | manĝaĵejo | mahn-jah-zheh'yo
latch | levriglilo | lehv-reeglee'lo
library | biblioteko | bib-lee-o-teh'ko
linoleum | linolo | lee-no'lo
lock | seruro | seh-roo'ro
mantel-piece | kamenbreto | kah-mehn'breh'toh
mat | mato | mah'toh
mattress | matraco | maht-raht'so
oil-cloth | vakstolo | vahks-toh'lo
ornament | ornamo | ohr-nah'mo
passage | trairejo | trah-eer-eh'yo
piano | fortepiano | fohrr-teh-pee-ah'no
picture | bildo | beel'doh
pillow | kapkuseno | kahp'koo-seh'no
poker | fajrincitilo | fire-int-sit-ee'lo
porch | portiko | pohr-tee'ko
rack (for dishes, &c.) | raŭfo | rahw'fo
roof | tegmento | teg-mehn'toh
room | ĉambro | chahm'bro
screen | skreno | skreh'no
scullery | vazlavejo | vahz'lah-veh'yo
shovel | ŝovelilo | sho-veh-lee'lo
sideboard | bufedo | boo-feh'do
sink | pladlavujo | plahd-lah-voo'yo
smoke | fumo | foo'mo
sofa | sofo | so'fo
soot | fulgo | fool'go
spark | fajrero | fahy-reh'ro
staircase | ŝtuparo | shtoo-pahr'o
stairs, steps | la ŝtupoj | lah shtoo'poy
suite (of rooms) | apartamento | ahpahrr-tah-mehn'toh
table | tablo | tah'blo
tapestry | tapeto | tah-peh'toh
tile (of roof) | tegolo | teh-go'lo
umbrella-stand | ombrelujo | ohm-breh-loo'yo
vase | vazo | vah'zo
wall | muro | moo'ro
wall-paper | murpapero | moor-pa-peh'roh
water-closet (w.c.) | necesejo | neht-seh-seh'yo
window | fenestro | fen-eh'stro
writing-desk | pupitro | poo-pee'tro

19. Travelling: By Road & Rail.
(La Vojaĝado: per Vojo kaj Fervojo.)

(For Conversations, see p. 95.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Arrival | alveno | ahl-veh'no
bill | kalkulo | kahl-koo'lo
booking-office | biletejo | beeleht-eh'yo
box (of carriage) | kondukseĝo | kondook-seh'jo
brake | bremso | brehm'so
bridle | brido | bree'doh
cabman, coachman | veturigisto | vehtoo-ree-ghist'o
carriage | kaleŝo | kahleh'sho
change, to | vagonŝanĝi | vah-gohn-shahn'jee
cloak-room | deponejo | deh-po-neh'yo
coach | diliĝenco | dee-lee-jehnt'so
coffee-room | kafejo | kah-feh'yo
communication-cord | danĝerŝnuro | dahn-jehr-shnoor'o
compartment | kupeo | koo-peh'o
conductor | konduktoro | kon-dooktoh'ro
cushion | kuseno | koo-seh'no
custom-house | dogano | doh-gah'no
custom-house officer | doganisto | doh-gah-nist'o
departure | ekveturo | ek-vehtoo'ro
electric, electrical | elektra | eh-lehk'tra
electricity | elektro | eh-lehk'tro
embankment (rail.) | taluso | tah-loo'so
engine | lokomotivo | lo-komo-tee'vo
entrance | enirejo | eneer-eh'yo
excursion | ekskurso | eks-koorr'so
exit | elirejo | ehleer-eh'yo
express (train) | ekspreso | eks-preh'so
fare | veturprezo | vehtoor-preh'zo
fast train | rapidira vagonaro | rahpee-dee'rah vahgo-nah'ro
foot-warmer | piedvarmigilo | pee-ehd'vahrmee-ghee'lo
full | plena | pleh'na
guide | gvidisto | gvee-dist'o
guide-book | gvidlibro | gveed'lee'bro
hansom-cab | fiakro | fee-ah'kro
hat-box | ĉapelujo | chah-peh-loo'yo
hotel | hotelo | ho-teh'lo
inside (of vehicle) | interno | in-tehr'no
interpreter | interpretisto | intehr-preh-tist'o
journey | vojaĝo | vo-yah'jo
journey (train, etc.) | veturo | vehtoo'ro
junction | vojkuniĝo | voy'koonee'jo
key | ŝlosilo | shlo-see'lo
label | etikedo | eh-tikeh'doh
landlady | mastrino | mah-stree'no
landlord | mastro | mah'stro
lavatory | lavejo | lah-veh'yo
lodging | loĝejo | lo-jeh'yo
luggage | pakaĵoj | pah-kah'zhoy
motor | motoro | mo-tohr'o
motor 'bus | motorbuso | mo-tohr-boo'so
motor-car | aŭtomobilo | ahw-toh-mo-bee'lo
omnibus | omnibuso | omnee-boo'so
outside (of vehicle) | imperialo | impeh-ree-ah'lo
package | pakaĵo | pah-kah'zho
payment | pago | pah'go
platform | fervoja perono | fehr-vo'yah peh-ro'no
porter | portisto | pohr-tist'o
portmanteau | valizo | vah-lee'zo
rack (for parcels, &c.) | raŭfo | rah'w-fo
railway | fervojo | fehr-vo'jo
railway-carriage | vagono | vah-go'no
railway-station | fervoja stacio | fehr-vo'yah staht-see'oh
receipt | kvitanco | kvitahnt'so
reins | kondukiloj, gvidrimenoj | kondoo-kee'loy, gveed'ri-meh'noy
reserved | rezervita | rehzehr-vee'ta
rug | tegilo | teh-ghee'lo
saddle | selo | seh'lo
seat | loko | lo'ko
signal | signalo | seeg-nah'lo
start, the | la ekveturo | la ek-veh-too'ro
station-master | staciestro | staht-see-est'ro
strap | rimeno | ree-meh'no
terminus | finstacio | feen-staht-see'oh
ticket | bileto | beeleh'toh
time-table | veturhoraro | vehtoor'horah'ro
tour | rondvojaĝo | rohnd-voyah'jo
tourist | turist-o, -ino | toor-ist'o, -ee'no
track | relvojo | rehl-vo'yo
train | vagonaro | vah-go-nah'ro
tram-car | tramveturilo | trahm'vehtoor-ee'lo
tramway | tramvojo | trahm-vo'yo
travel, to (train, &c.) | veturi | vehtoo'ree
trunk | kofro | ko'fro
tube (railway) | tubfervojo | toob-fehr-vo'yo
tunnel | tunelo | too-neh'lo
underground | subtera | soob-teh'rah
valise, hand-bag | valizeto | vah-leezeh'toh
waiter | kelnero | kel-nehr'o
waiting-room | atendejo | ahtehn-deh'yo

20. Travelling: by Ship.
(Marveturado.)

(For Conversations see p. 97.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Alongside, to come | albordiĝi | ahlbohrdee'jee
anchor | ankro | ahn'kro
berth | dormujo | dorr-moo'yo
boat | boato | bo-ah'toh
boiler | kaldrono | kahl-dro'no
bow | antaŭo | antah'wo
buoy | buo | boo'oh
cabin | kajuto | kah-yoo'toh
cable | kablo | kah-blo
captain | kapitano | kahpee-tah'no
compass | kompaso | kom-pah'so
crane | argano | ahrrgah'no
crew | ŝipanaro | sheepah-nah'ro
deck | ferdeko | fehr-deh'ko
disembark | elŝipiĝi | el-shipee'jee
dock | doko | do'ko
to embark | enŝipiĝi | en-shipee'jee
engineer | maŝinisto | mahshee-nist'o
fishing-boat | fiŝbarko | feesh-bahr'ko
flag | flago | flah'go
gangway | pasponteto | pahss'pon-teh'toh
harbour, port | haveno | hahveh'no
helm, rudder | direktilo | deerek-tee'lo
hold | holdo | hohl'do
to land | surteriĝi | soortehr-ee'jee
landing-stage, pier | enŝipiĝejo | en-shipee-jeh'yo
life-belt | savzono | sahv-zo'no
life-boat | savŝipo | sahv-shee'po
lighthouse | lumturo | loom-toor'o
mast | masto | mah'sto
oar | remilo | reh-mee'lo
paddle-wheel | padelrado | pah-dehl-rah'doh
passenger | pasaĝero | pah-sah-jehr'o
pilot | piloto | pee-loh'toh
port-hole | fenestreto | fehneh-streh'toh
quay | kajo | kah'yo
rope | ŝnuro | shnoor'o
sail | velo | veh'lo
sailing-ship | velŝipo | vehl-shee'po
saloon, first class | unua klaso | oonoo'ah klah'so
screw-propeller | pelŝraŭbo, helico | pehl-shrahw'bo, heh-leet'so
seaman, sailor | maristo | mahr-ist'o
ship | ŝipo | shee'po
start, to | ekveturi | ek-vehtoor'ee
steam-boat, -ship | vaporŝipo | vahpohr-shee'po
steerage, third class | tria klaso | tree'ah klah'so
steersman | direktilisto | deerek-tee-list'o
stern | posto | post'o
steward | provizisto | pro-vee-zist'o
stewardess | servistino | sehr-vis-tee'no
tug | trenŝipo | trehn-shee'po
voyage | vojaĝo | vo-yah'jo

21. Countries & Nations.4
(Landoj kaj Nacioj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Africa | Afriko | ah-free'ko
America | Ameriko | ah-mehree'ko
American | Amerikano | ah-mehree-kah'no
Asia | Azio | ah-zee'oh
Australia | Aŭstralio | ahw-strahlee'oh
Austria | Aŭstrio | ahw-stree'oh
Belgium | Belgujo | belhgoo'yo
Canada | Kanado | kahnah'doh
China | Ĥinujo | kheenoo'yo
Chinese, the | la Ĥinoj | la khee'noy
Denmark | Danujo | dahnoo'yo
Dutchman | Holandano | holahn-dah'no
empire | imperio | impeh-ree'oh
England | Anglujo | ahn-gloo'yo
English, the | la Angloj | la ahn'gloy
Englishman | Anglo | ahn'glo
Europe | Eŭropo | ehw-ro'po
France | Francujo | frahnt-soo'yo
French, the | la Francoj | la frahnt'soy
Frenchman | Franco | frahnt'so
German | Germano | ghehrr-mah'no
Germany | Germanujo | ghehrr-mahnoo'yo
Holland | Holando | holahn'doh
India | Indio | indee'oh
Ireland | Irlando | eerrlahn'doh
Irish, the | la Irlandanoj | la eerrlahn-dah'noy
Irishman | Irlandano | eerlahn-dah'no
Italian | Italo | eetah'lo
Italy | Italujo | eetahloo'yo
Japan | Japanujo | yah-pahnoo'yo
Japanese, the | la Japanoj | la yahpah'noy
kingdom | regno | rehg'no
Norway | Norvegujo | norrveh-goo'yo
republic | respubliko | rehspooblee'ko
Russia | Rusujo | roosoo'yo
Scotland | Skotujo | sko-too'yo
Scotch, the | la Skotoj | la sko'toy
Scotchman | Skoto | sko'to
Spain | Hispanujo | hispah-noo'yo
United States, the | la Unuigitaj Ŝtatoj | la oonooee-ghee'tahy shtah'toy
Sweden | Svedujo | svehdoo'yo
Switzerland | Svisujo | svisoo'yo
Turkey | Turkujo | toorkoo'yo
Wales | Kimrujo | kimroo'yo
Welsh, the | la Kimroj | la kim'roy

22. Recreation and Amusement.
(La Ludado kaj Amuzado.)

(For Conversations see p. 112.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Ball (dance) | balo | bah'lo
balloon | balono | bahloh'no
balloonist | aerostatisto | ah-ehro-stah-tist'o
circus | cirko | tseerr'ko
concert | koncerto | kont-sehr'toh
accompanist | akompanist-o, -ino | ahkompah-nist'o, -ee'no
audience | aŭdantaro | ahwdahn-tah'ro
bass | baso | bah'so
chorus (singers) | ĥoro | khoh'ro
conductor | orkestrestro | orkest-rest'ro
instruments | instrumentoj | instroo-mehn'toy
—, brass | latunaj instrumentoj | lah-too'nahy instroo-mehn'toy
—, reed | anĉinstrumentoj | ahnch'instroo-mehn'toy
—, string | kordinstrumentoj | kohrrd'instroomehn'toy
music | muziko | moo-zee'ko
organ | orgeno | ohr-geh'no
pianist | fortepianist-o, -ino | fohr'teh-pee-ahn-ist'o, -een'o
piano | fortepiano | fohr'teh-pee-ah'no
programme | programo | pro-grah'mo
recital | muzika seanco | moozee'kah seh-ahnt'so
recitation | deklamo | deh-klah'mo
seats | benkoj | behn'koy
—, (un)reserved | (ne)rezervitaj lokoj | (neh)rehzehr-vee'tahy lo'koy
singer | kantant-o, -ino | kahntahnt'-o, -een'o
—, (professional) | kantist-o, -ino | kahntist'-o, -een'o
solo; duet | solo; duo | solo; doo'oh
song | kanto | kahn'toh
soprano | soprano | so-prah'no
tenor | tenoro | teh-nohr'o
ticket | bileto | beeleh'toh
violin | violono | vee-ohlo'no
exhibition | ekspozicio | eks-pozit-see'oh
fête | festo | feh'sto
flower-show | flor-ekspozicio | flohr'eks-pozit-see'o
flying machine | aerveturilo | ah-ehr'veh-tooree'lo
limelight-views | lumprojekcioj | loom'pro-yekt-see'oy
museum | muzeo | moo-zeh'o
picture-gallery | bildogalerio | bil'doh-galeh-ree'o
refreshment-room | bufedo | boo-feh'doh
sports and games | sportoj kaj ludoj | spor'toy kahy loo'doy
bathing; to bathe | banado; bani | ba-nah'doh; bah'nee
billiards | bilardo | bilahr'doh
boating, to go | promeni boate | pro-meh'nee bo-ah'teh
box, to | boksi | bok'see
boxing-match | vetbokso | veht-bok'so
chess | ŝako | shah'ko
cricket | kriketo | krikeh'toh
draughts | damoj | dah'moy
fishing | fiŝkaptado | fish'kahptah'doh
to fish | fiŝ-kapti | fish-kahp'tee
to go fishing | iri fiŝkapti | ee'ree fish-kahp'tee
fishing-line | hokfadeno | hohk'fahdeh'no
fishing-net | fiŝreto | fish-reh'toh
fishing-rod | fiŝkaptilo | fish-kahp-tee'lo
hunting; to hunt | ĉasado; ĉasi | chahsah'doh; chah'see
fox-hunt | vulpĉaso | voolp-chah'so
huntsman | ĉasisto | chahsist'o
match | vetludo | veht-loo'doh
playing; to play | ludado; ludi | loo-dah'doh; loo'dee
races | ĉevalkuroj | chehvahl-koo'roy
grand-stand | ĉeftribuno | chehf-triboo'no
jockey | ĵokeo | zho-keh'o
race-course | vetkurejo | veht-koo-reh'yo
rowing; to row | remado; remi | reh-mah'doh; reh'mee
shooting | pafĉasado | pahf-chah-sah'doh
ammunition | municio | moonit-see'o
bullet, ball | kuglo | koo'glo
cartridge | kartoĉo | kahr-toh'cho
game-bag | ĉasosako | chah'so-sah'ko
gun | pafilo | pah-fee'lo
shot | pafaĵo | pah-fah'zho
to shoot | pafi | pah'fee
skating; to skate | glitumado; glitumi | glitoomah'doh; glitoo'mee
spectator | spektatoro | spek-tah-tohr'o
swimming; to swim | naĝado; naĝi | najah'do; nah'jee
tennis | teniso | tehnee'so
to wrestle | lukti | look'tee
tent | tendo | tehn'doh
theatre | teatro | teh-ah'tro
act | akto | ahk'toh
—, to | ludi rolon | loo'dee ro'lohn
actor, actress | aktoro, aktorino | ahktohr'o, ahktoree'no
auditorium | aŭditorio | ahw-ditohr-ee'o
ballet | baleto | baleh'toh
boxes | loĝioj | lo-jee'oy
box-office | lokoficejo | loh'ko-fit-seh'yo
cloak-room | deponejo | dehponeh'yo
comedian | komediisto | komeh-dee-ist'o
curtain | kurteno | koor-teh'no
dance | danco | dahnt'so
dancer | dancist-o, -ino | dahntsist'-o, -een'o
exit | elirejo | ehlee-reh'yo
footlights | planklampoj | plahnk-lahm'poy
gallery | galerio | galeh-ree'o
manager | direktoro | deerektoh'ro
music-hall | muzikhalo | moozeek-ha'lo
opera | opero | opeh'ro
opera-glasses | lorno | lohrr'no
opera-house | operejo | opeh-reh'yo
orchestra, band | orkestro | orkest'ro
pit | partero | pahr-tehr'o
play | teatraĵo | teh-atrah'zho
scene | sceno | stseh'no
scenery (theat.) | scenpentraĵo | stsehn-pentrah'zho
stage | scenejo | stseh-neh'yo
stage-manager | reĝisoro | reh-jee-sohr'o
stalls | foteloj (orkestraj) | fo-teh'loy (orkest'rahy)

23. Cycling.
(Ciklismo.)

(See also Motoring, following, and Conversations pp. 114 to 116.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Accessories | akcesoraĵoj | ahk-tseh-sorah'zhoy
acetylene | acetileno | aht-sehtee-leh'no
axle | akso | ahk'so
back-pedal, to | retropedali | reh'tro-pehdah'lee
ball bearings | kuglokusenoj | koo'glo-koo-seh'noy
bell | tintilo | tin-tee'lo
bicycle | biciklo | bit-see'klo
bolt (screw-) | bolto | bohl'toh
brake | bremso | brehm'so
cement | cemento | tseh-mehn'toh
chain | ĉeno | cheh'no
chainless | senĉena | sen-cheh'nah
chain-regulator | ĉenĝustigilo | chehn'joostig-ee'lo
chain-wheel | granda dentrado | grahn'da dent-rah'doh
clutch | konektumo | kohnek-too'mo
cone | konuso | ko-noo'so
crank | kranko | krahn'ko
crank-pin | krankokejlo | krahn'ko-keh'y-lo
crooked | malrekta | mahlrek'tah
cycle-shop | biciklobutiko | bitsee'klo-boo-tee'ko
cycling race | vetbiciklado | veht'bitsee-klah'doh
cycling track | bicikla dromo | bitsee'klah dro'mo
cyclist | (bi)ciklisto | (bee)tsee-klist'o
lady cyclist | (bi)ciklistino | (bee)tsee-klist-ee'no
cyclometer | ciklometro | tsee-klo-meh'tro
detachable | deprenebla | deh-preneh'blah
dismount, to | deseliĝi | deh-seh-lee'jee
dress-guard | robŝirmilo | rohb'sheer-mee'lo
duster | viŝilo | veeshee'lo
electro-plate, to | nikeli | neekeh'lee
enamel, to | emajli | emah'y-lee
foot-rests | piedapogiloj | pee-ehd'apoh-ghee'loy
foot-step | ŝtupo | shtoo'po
fork | forko | fohr-ko
frame | kadro | kah'dro
free-wheel | libera rado | leebeh'ra rah'doh
free-wheel, to | liberiri | leebeh-ree'ree
friction | frotado | fro-tah'doh
gear | rapidumo | rahpee-doo'mo
high gear | granda rapidumo | grahn'da rahpeedoo'mo
low gear | malgranda rapidumo | mahl-grahn'da rahpee-doo'mo
two-speed gear | du-rapidumo | doo'rahpee-doo'mo
gear-case | ĉenujo | cheh-noo'yo
geared to | kun rapidumo de… | koon rahpeedoo'mo deh
gearing | dentaĵo | dentah'zho
handle-bar | gvidilo | gveedee'lo
handles, grips | tenilo | teh-nee'lo
hub | aksingo | ahk-seen'go
indiarubber | kaŭĉuko | kahw-choo'ko
indiarubber solution | kaŭĉuka solvaĵo | kahw-choo'ka sol-vah'zho
inner tube | interna tubo | intehr'nah too'bo
lamp | lanterno | lantehr'no
lamp-bracket | lanternhoko | lahn-tehrn'ho'ko
lamp-wick | meĉo | meh'cho
light up, to | lumigi | loo-mee'ghee
link | ĉenero | cheh-neh'ro
lubricator | olekapsulo | oleh'kapsoo'lo
lubricator protector | kapsulkovrilo | kapsool'ko-vree'lo
luggage-carrier | pakportilo | pahk'pohr-tee'lo
map | landkarto | lahnd-kar'toh
mount, to | surseliĝi | soor-sehl-ee'jee
mudguard | kotkaptilo | koht-kaptee'lo
nut | ŝraŭbingo | shrahw-been'go
nut, safety- | fiksa ŝraŭbingo | feek'sa shrahw-been'go
oil for burning | lumoleo | loom-oleh'o
—, lubricating | ŝmiroleo | shmeer-oleh'o
oil-can | oleujeto | ohleh-oo-yeh'toh
outer cover | volvaĵo | vohl-vah'zho
pedal | pedalo | peh-dah'lo
pedal-rubber | pedalkaŭĉuko | pedahl'kahw-choo'ko
pedal-brake | pedala bremso | peh-dah'la brehm'so
pneumatic tyre | pneŭmatika bendo | pnehw-matee'ka behn'doh
pump | pumpilo | poom-pee'lo
pump up, to | ŝveligi | shveh-leeg'ee
pump-tube | pumpiltubo | poom-peel-too'bo
to put together, fit up to | munti | moon'tee
rag | ĉifono | chifo'no
repair, to | ripari | ripah'ree
repairing outfit | riparilaro | ripah-ree-lah'ro
ride a bicycle, to | bicikli | bit-see'klee
rim | radrondo | rahd-rohn'doh
rim-brake | radronda bremso | rahd-rohn'da brehm'so
rivet | vinkto | vink'toh
saddle | selo | seh'lo
saddle-bag | selsaketo | sehl'sah-keh'toh
saddle-pillar | selkolono | sehl-kolo'no
screw | ŝraŭbo | shrahw'-bo
screw, to | ŝraŭbi | shrahw'-bee
screw-bolt of chain | ĉenbolto | chehn-bohl'toh
screwdriver | ŝraŭbturnilo | shrahwb-toor-nee'lo
spanner | ŝraŭbilo | shrahw-bee'lo
spokes | radioj | rah-dee'oy
spring | risorto | risohr'toh
start, to | ekiri | ekeer'ee
steer, to | gvidi | gvee'dee
strap | rimeno | reemeh'no
take to pieces, to | malmunti | mahl-moon'tee
tighten up, to | streĉi | streh'chee
toe-clip | piedingo | pee-ehd-een'go
tricycle | triciklo | tritsee'klo
trousers-clip | pantalonpinĉilo | pantalohn'pin-chee'lo
unscrew, to | malŝraŭbi | mahl-shrahw'-bee
valve | valvo | vahl'vo
valve-cap | valvkovrilo | vahlv'ko-vree'lo
valve-tubing | valvtubaĵo | vahlv'too-bah'zho
wheel, back | posta rado | po'stah rah'doh
—, front | antaŭa rado | antah'wah rah'doh

24. Motoring.
(Aŭtomobilismo.)

(See also Cycling above, and Conversations pp. 114 to 116.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Accumulator | akumulatoro | ahkoomoo-lahtohr'o
battery | baterio | bahteh-ree'oh
brake-collar | bremsorubando | brehm'so-roobahn'doh
break down (stop), to | panei | pahneh'ee
cam | kamo | kah'mo
carburator | karburatoro | karboo-rahtohr'o
chain adjustment | ĉenĝustigilo | chehn-joosti-ghee'lo
charge, to | ŝargi | shahr'ghee
chassis | ĉasio | chah-see'oh
chauffeur, driver | veturigisto | vehtoo-reeghist'oh
claw | ungo | oon'go
contact-breaker (trembler) | kontakt-rompilo | kontahkt'-rompee'lo
driving pinion | pelrado | pehl-rah'doh
elbow | kubuto | kooboo'toh
electric motor | elektra motoro | ehlek'tra motohr'o
evaporate, to | vaporiĝi | vahpohr-ee'jee
exhaust | gasforfluo | gahss-fohrfloo'oh
exhaust-box (silencer) | silentigujo | seelehn-tigoo'yo
exhaust-valve | forflua valvo | fohrfloo'ah vahl'vo
feed-pump | nutro-pumpilo | noo'tro-poompee'lo
fill, to | plenigi | plehnee'ghee
flaw | difektaĵo | difek-tah'zho
fly-wheel | inertrado | in-ehrt-rah'doh
garage | remizo | rehmee'zo
gas | gaso | gah'so
generator | generatoro | ghenehrahtohr'o
goggles | okulvitroj | okool-vee'troy
gradient | deklivo | dehklee'vo
handle | tenilo | tehnee'lo
hooter | blekilo | blehkee'lo
horse-power | ĉevalpovo | chehvahl-po'vo
ignition | ignito, ignitigilo | ignee'toh, igniteeghee'lo
leakage | ellaso | el-lah'so
lever | levilo | lehvee'lo
motor | motoro | mohtohr'o
— car | aŭtomobilo | ahwtomobee'lo
— lamp | lanterno | lahn-tehr'no
packing | stupo | stoo'po
petrol | petrolo | pehtro'lo
pressure, high | altpremo | alt-preh'mo
—, low | malaltpremo | mahlalt-preh'mo
rack (lifter) | rako | rah'ko
reservoir, tank | rizervujo | rizehr-voo'yo
reversing lever | irmaligilo | eer'mahleeghee'lo
spare tyre | krom-bendo | krohm-behn'doh
spark | sparko | spahr'ko
sparking-plug | sparkilo | spahrkee'lo
speed, full | plena rapideco | pleh'na rahpideht'so
—, high | granda rapideco | grahn'da rahpideht'so
—, low | malgranda rapideco | mahlgrahn'da rapideht'so
speed-changing gear | rapidŝanĝa mekanismo | rahpeed-shahn'jah mekanis'mo
starting-gear | ekiriga mekanismo | ekeeree'gah mekanees'mo
starting handle | ekirigilo | eh-keereeghee'lo
steering bar | gvidstango | gveed-stahn'go
tap | krano | krah'no
throw into gear, to | konekti | konek'tee
throw out of gear, to | malkonekti | mahlkonek'tee

25. Photography.
(La Fotografarto.)

(For Conversations see p. 117.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Amateur | amatoro | amah-tohr'o
background | fono | fo'no
—, cloth | tola fono | toh'la fo'no
backing paper | fonpapero | fohn-papehr'o
bath, positive | pozitiva bano | pozitee'va bah'no
—, silver | arĝentbano | arjehnt-bah'no
bulb | bulbo | bool'bo
bulging | konveksigo | konvek-see'go
burnisher | polurilo | poloor-ee'lo
cameo | kameo | kameh'o
camera | fotografilo, kamero | foto-grafee'lo, kameh'ro
— bellows | balgo | bahl'go
camera, hand | mankamero | mahnkamehr'o
—, stand | stativkamero | stateev'kamehr'o
cutting moulds | tranĉkalibrilo | trahnch'kalibree'lo
dark-room lamp | ruĝa lanterno | roo'jah lantehr'no
dark slide (double) | kaseto (duobla) | kahseh'toh (doo-oh'bla)
developing | rivelado | reeveh-lah'do
dipper | trempilo | trehm-pee'lo
dishes | kuvetoj | koo-veh'toy
— for developing | rivelkuvetoj | rivehl'koo-veh'toy
— for fixing | fikskuvetoj | fiks-koo-veh'toy
— for toning | tonigbanoj | toh-neeg-bah'noy
draining rack | sekigilo | sekighee'lo
dry plates | sekaj platoj | seh'kahy plah'toy
enlargement | pligrandigo | plee-grandee'go
exposure | espozo | espo'zo
—, snap | momenta espozo | momehn'ta espozo
—, time | daŭra espozo | dahw'rah espo'zo
fade, to | malnetiĝi | mahl-netee'jee
flash lamp | magnezia lumigilo | magneh-zee'ah loomi-ghee'lo
films | filmoj | feel'moy
fixing | fiksado | fik-sah'doh
focus | fokuso | fo-koo'so
focus, to | enfokusigi | enfo-koo-see'ghee
focussing glasses | lupeo | loopeh'o
funnel | funelo | fooneh'lo
glass measure | gradigita mezurilo | gradee-ghee'ta mezoo-ree'lo
half-length | duonlonga | doo-ohn-lohn'gah
half-tone | duontono | doo-ohn-toh'no
intensifying | densigo | den-see'go
iris diaphragm | irisdiafragmo | eereess-dee-afrahg'mo
lens | lenso | lehn'so
—, cap of | lenskovrilo | lehnss-kovree'lo
mount, to | munti | moon'tee
negative | negativo | nehgah-tee'vo
over-exposed | hiperespozita | heepehr-espo-zee'ta
photograph | fotografaĵo | foto-grafah'zho
photographer | fotografisto | foto-grahfist'o
plate | plato | plah'to
plate-holder | platkaseto | plaht-kaseh'toh
plate-lifter | platlevilo | plaht-leh-vee'lo
platinotypes | platinotipoj | plah-teeno-tee'poy
printing | impresi | impreh'see
printing frame | premkaseto | prehm-kaseh'toh
printing-out paper | senrivela papero | sen-reeveh'la papeh'ro
scales and weights | pesilo kaj peziloj | pehsee'loh kahy pehzee'loy
sensitised | impresebla | impreh-seh'blah
shutter | obturatoro | obtoo-rah-tor'o
snap-shot | maldaŭra kapto | mahldahw'rah kahp'toh
speed indicator | daŭrindikilo | dahw'r-indikee'lo
spirit-level | nivelilo | neeveh-lee'lo
spot, stain | makulo | makoo'lo
squeegee | senakvigilo | sen-ahkvee-gee'lo
stand | stativo | statee'vo
transparent | diafana | dee-afah'nah
tripods (twofold) | tripiedo (faldebla) | tree-pee-eh'doh (fahl-deh'bla)
under-exposed | subespozita | soob'espo-zee'tah
varnishing | lakizo | lah-kee'zoh
view-finder | celilo | tseh-lee'lo
vignetting-board | duonombrigilo | doo-ohn'ombrighee'lo

26. Religion.
(Religio.)

(For Conversations, see p. 118.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Absolution | absolvo | absohl'vo
aisle | flanknavo | flahnk-nah'vo
altar | altaro | altah'ro
baptism | bapto | bahp'toh
belfry | sonorilejo | sonoh-reeleh'yo
Bible | Biblio | biblee'oh
breviary | breviero | brehvee-ehr'o
burial | enterigo | entehree'go
cardinal | kardinalo | kar-deenah'lo
cathedral | katedralo | kateh-drah'lo
cemetery | tombejo | tombeh'yo
chapel | kapelo | kahpeh'lo
choir (place) | ĥorejo | khoreh'yo
choir (singers) | ĥoro | khoh'ro
Christian | kristano | kris-tah'no
Christianity | kristanismo | kristah-nees'mo
church | preĝejo | preh-jeh'yo
Church (as a body) | la Eklezio | la eklehzee'oh
clergyman | ekleziulo | eklehzee-oo'lo
Communion | komunio | komoonee'oh
confession | konfeso | kon-feh'so
congregation | adorantaro | adohrahn-tah'ro
convent | monaĥejo | monakheh'yo
Creator, the | Kreinto | kreh-in'toh
cross | kruco | kroot'so
crucifix | krucifikso | kroot-sifik'so
fast-day | fastotago | fah'sto-tah'go
festival | festo | feh'sto
font | baptujo | bahp-too'yo
funeral | funebra ceremonio | fooneh'brah tsereh-mo-nee'oh
God | Dio | dee'oh
heaven | ĉielo | chee-eh'lo
hell | infero | infehr'o
Holy Ghost (Spirit) | la Sankta Spirito | la sahnk'ta speeree'toh
hymn; -book | himno; himnaro | him'no; him-nah'ro
lectern | legpupitro | lehg-poopee'tro
litany | litanio | litahnee'oh
liturgy | liturgio | litoorghee'oh
Lord, the | la Sinjoro | la sinyoh'ro
mass, high | alta meso | ahl'tah meh'so
—, low | malalta meso | mal-ahl'tah meh'so
matins | matenpreĝoj | mahtehn-preh'joy
missal | meslibro | mehss-lee'bro
nave | navo | nah'vo
offertory (R.C.) | ofertorio | ohfehr-toree'oh
— (collection) | monkolekto | mohn-kolek'toh
papal | papa | pah'pa
penance | pentofaro | pehn'toh-fah'ro
pew | benko | behn'ko
Pope | Papo | pah'po
prayer | preĝo | preh'jo
prayer-book | preĝaro | prehjah'ro
priest, pastor | pastro | pah'stro
Protestant | Protestanto | proteh-stahn'toh
pulpit | katedro | kateh'dro
Roman Catholic | Romkatoliko | rohm'katohlee'ko
sacrament | sakramento | sakrah-mehn'toh
salvation | savo | sah'vo
Saviour, the | la Savinto | la sahveen'toh
sermon | prediko | prehdee'ko
service, divine | diservo | dee-sehr'vo
service, evening | vespera diservo | vespeh'ra dee-sehr'vo
—, morning | matena diservo | mateh'na dee-sehr'vo
sitting, seat | sidloko | seed-lo'ko
synagogue | sinagogo | sinahgo'go
tabernacle | tabernaklo | tabehr-nah'klo
transept | transepto | trahnsehp'toh
truth | vero | vehr'o
verger | pedelo | pehdeh'lo
vespers | vesperpreĝoj | vespehr-preh'joy
vestry, sacristy | sakristio | sakris-tee'oh
worship | adorado | adoh-rah'do
worship, to | adori | adoh'ree

27. Professions and Trades.
(Profesioj kaj Metioj)

(For Shopping, etc., see pp. 108 to 111.)

Note.—The names of workers in the various trades and professions are formed by adding the suffix -ist to the root-word. Thus: vendi, to sell—vendisto, a salesman; lampo, a lamp—lampvendisto, a lamp-seller, lampfaristo, a lamp manufacturer; maro, sea—maristo, a sailor; akrigi, to sharpen—akrigisto, a grinder, etc.

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Architect | arĥitekto | arkhitek'toh
artist | artisto | artist'o
baker | bakisto | bah-kist'o
banker | bankiero | bahnkee-ehr'o
barber | barbiro | barbeer'o
bookseller | librovendisto | lee'bro-vendisto
butcher | buĉisto | boo-chist'o
carpenter, joiner | ĉarpentisto | charr-pehntist'o
chambermaid | ĉambristino | chahmbristee'no
chemist | farmaciisto | fahrmaht-see-ist'o
clerk | skribisto | skreebist'o
compositor | kompostisto | kom-postist'o
confectioner | konfitisto | konfeetist'o
consul | konsulo | kon-soo'lo
cook | kuirist-o, -ino | koo-eerist'-o, -ee'no
editor | redaktoro | redahk-tohr'o
engineer | inĝeniero | injehnee-ehr'o
fisherman | fiŝkaptisto | fish'kaptist'o
fishmonger | fiŝvendisto | fish'vendist'o
florist | floristo | flo-rist'o
fruiterer | fruktovendisto | frook'toh-vendist'o
glazier | vitristo | veetrist'o
goldsmith | oraĵisto | ohrah-zhist'o
governess | guvernistino | goovehr-nistee'no
greengrocer | legomvendisto | legohm'vendist'o
grocer | spicisto | speet-sist'o
hairdresser | frizisto | free-zist'o
hatter | ĉapelisto | chapeh-list'o
hosier | ŝtrumpaĵisto | shtroompah-zhist'o
ironmonger | feraĵvendisto | fehrahzh'vendist'o
jeweller | juvelisto | yoo-veh-list'o
journalist | ĵurnalisto | zhoor-nalist'o
labourer | penlaboristo | pehn'labohrist'o
lawyer | advokato | ahdvokah'toh
maid-servant | servistino | sehr-vistee'no
man-servant | servisto | sehr-vist'o
mason | masonisto | mahsonist'o
mechanic | maŝinisto | mahsheenist'o
merchant | negocisto | negoht-sist'o
miller | muelisto | moo-ehlist'o
mother's-help | helpistino | helpistee'no
nurse | flegistino | fleh-ghistee'no
nursemaid | vartistino | vahrtistee'no
optician | optikisto | opteekist'o
plumber | plumbisto | ploombist'o
policeman | policano5 | polit-sah'no
printer | presisto | preh-sist'o
saddler | selisto | sehlist'o
shoemaker | ŝuisto | shoo-ist'o
shopkeeper | butikisto | bootikist'o
smith | forĝisto | fohrjist'o
stationer | paperaĵisto | pa-perah-zhist'o
student | studento | stoodehn'toh
tailor | tajloro | tahy-loh'ro
teacher | instruisto | instroo-ist'o
tobacconist | tabakvendisto | tabahk'vendist'o
tradesman | komercisto | komehrt-sist'o
tutor | guvernisto | goovehrnist'o
waiter, waitress | kelnero, kelnerino | kelneh'ro, kel-nehr-ee'no
workman | laboristo | labohrist'o

28. Legal Terms.
(Leĝaj Terminoj.)

(For Conversations see p. 123.)

English | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Accused, the | la akuzato | la ahkoozah'toh
acquittal | malakuzo | mahlahkoo'zo
to advance (money) | pruntedoni | proon'teh-doh-nee
agreement, an | kontrakto | kontrahk'toh
alibi, an | alibio | ahleebee'oh
allege, to | alegi | ahleh'ghee
apology, an | pardonpeto | pahrdohn-peh'toh
appeal; to — | apelo; apeli | ahpeh'lo; ahpeh'lee
arrangement, agreement | interkonsento | in'tehr-konsehn'toh
arrears | restantaj ŝuldoj | rehstahn'tahy shool'doy
arrest, to | aresti | ahreh'stee
attest, to | atesti | ahteh'stee
attorney | prokuratoro | prokoorah-toh'ro
authorise, to | rajtigi | rahy-tee'ghee
award, an | aljuĝo | ahl-yoo'jo
award, to | aljuĝi | ahl-yoo'jee
bail | kaŭcio | kahwtsee'oh
bailiff | juĝplenumisto | yooj'plehnoomist'oh
bond (for loan) | pruntkontrakto | proont'kontrahk'toh
case (suit) | proceso | prohtseh'so
charge, to | akuzi | ahkoo'zee
client | kliento | klee-ehn'toh
complainant, the | la plendanto | la plendahn'toh
contract | kontrakto | kontrahk'toh
conviction, a | kondamno | kondahm'noh
costs | proceskosto | prohtsehs-kost'oh
court of justice | tribunalo | treeboonah'lo
criminal, a | krimulo | krim-oo'lo
damages | monkompenso | mohn'kompehn'so
decision (of case) | decido | dehtsee'doh
deed | akto | ahk'toh
defend, to | defendi | dehfehn'dee
defendant (in a suit) | la akuzato | la ahkoozah'toh
document | dokumento | dokoomehn'toh
evidence | evidenco | ehvidehnt'so
execution (of deed) | subskribigo | soobskreebee'go
— (of a judgment) | plenumo | plehnoo'mo
executor | administranto | ahdministrahn'to
fee (of office) | honorario | honoh-rahree'oh
fine (penalty) | monpuno | mohn-poo'no
information, to give | denunci | dehnoont'see
informer | denunc-anto, -into6 | dehnoonts-ahn'toh, -in'toh
injunction | injunkcio | inyoonk-tsee'oh
inventory | inventario | invehn-tahree'oh
jail | malliberejo | mahllibehr-ehyo
judge, the | juĝisto | yoojist'oh
jurisdiction | juĝorajto | yoo'jo-rah'y-toh
jurisprudence | juro | yoo'ro
law-suit | proceso | proht-seh'so
non-suit, to | malakcepti | mahl-ahktsehp'tee
oath, to take an | fari ĵuron | fah'ree zhoor'ohn
parchment | pergameno | pehrgah-meh'no
pardon | pardono | pahrdoh'no
penal | punebla | pooneh'blah
perjury | falsa ĵuro | fahl'sah zhoor'oh
petitioner | petfarinto | peht'fahrin'toh
police-office | policoficejo | pohleet'so-feetseh'yo
— officer | policano | pohleet-sah'no
— station | policejo | pohleet-seh'yo
proof | pruvo | proo'voh
prosecute to | persekuti | pehrsehkoo'tee
prosecution (of suit) | persekuto | pehrsehkoo'toh
prosecutor | persekut-anto, -isto7 | pehrsehkoot-ahn'toh, -ist'oh
punishment | puno | poo'no
quash | kasacii | kahsaht-see'ee
robbery | rabo | rah'bo
seal, a | sigelo | seegeh'lo
sentence, a | sentenco | sehntehnt'so
sheriff | skabeno | skahbeh'no
statement (written) | deklaro (skribita) | dehklah'ro (skreebee'tah)
sue, to | persekuti | pehrsehkoo'tee
suit | proceso | prohtseh'so
summons (of court) | asigno | ahseeg'no
testator | testamentinto | tehstah-mehntin'toh
theft | ŝtelo | shteh'lo
thief | ŝtel-isto, -into | shtehl-ist'oh, -in'toh
trial | proceso | prohtseh'so
verdict | verdikto | vehrdeek'toh
witness | atestanto | ahteh-stahn'toh
writ | asignordono | ahseeg'nordoh'no

29. Commercial Terms.
(Komercaj Terminoj.)

(For Conversations see p. 125.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Account | konto | kon'toh
—, current | kuranta konto | koorahn'ta kon'toh
—, joint | komuna konto | komoo'na kon'toh
—, to close an | fermi konton | fehr'mee kon'tohn
—, to settle an | pagi konton | pah'gee kon'tohn
acknowledgment | ricevavizo | ritseh'vahvee'zo
agency | agentejo | ahghen-teh'yo
agent | agento | ahghehn'toh
apprentice | metilernanto | mehtee'lehr-nahn'toh
arrear, in | malfrue | mahlfroo'eh
assets | aktivo | ahktee'voh
balance of account | saldo de konto | sahl'doh deh kon'toh
balance-sheet | bilanco | bilahnt'so
bank | banko | bahn'ko
bankrupt; a — | bankrotin-ta; -to | bahn-krotin'-tah; -toh
bankruptcy, failure | bankroto | bahn-kro'toh
bearer | portanto | portahn'toh
bill (account) | kalkulo | kahlkoo'lo
bill (comml. document) | bilo | bee'lo
— at sight | kambio je vido | kahmbee'oh yeh vee'doh
— at 3 months' date | kambio je tri monatoj | kahmbee'oh yeh tree monah'toy
— of exchange | kambio | kahm-bee'oh
— of lading | ŝarĝatesto | shahr-jah-teh'stoh
bond, a | obligacio | obligaht-see'o
bond, in | kuŝanta en dogantenejo | kooshahn'ta en dogahn'teneh'yo
bonded goods | komercaĵoj en dogano deponitaj | komehrt-sah'zhoy ehn dogah'no depohnee'tahy
book-keeper | librotenisto | lee'bro-tenis'toh
branch-establishment | filio | filee'oh
broker | makleristo | mah-klehrist'o
brokerage | kurtaĝo | koortah'jo
business | la aferoj | la ahfeh'roy
buyer | aĉetisto | ahchehtist'o
cargo | ŝarĝo | shahr'jo
carriage | transportprezo | trahnsport-preh'zo
carriage-paid | kun transporto pagita | koon trahns-pohr'toh pah-ghee'tah
cashier | kasisto | kahsist'o
charter a ship, to | lui ŝipon | loo'ee shee'pohn
charter-party | ĉarto | chahr'toh
catalogue | katalogo | kah-tahlo'go
cheque | ĉeko | cheh'ko
claim | pretendo | prehtehn'doh
clerk | oficisto | ofeet-sist'o
company | kompanio | kompah-nee'oh
—, joint-stock | akcia kompanio | ahk-tsee'ah kompah-nee'oh
—, limited | limigita kompanio | limighee'tah "
compensation | kompenso | kompehn'so
complaint | plendo | plehn'doh
confiscate, to | konfiski | konfis'kee
contract, a | kontrakto | kontrahk'toh
cost, insurance and | kosto, asekuro kaj | kost'o, ahseh-koor'o
freight (c.i.f.) | frajto | kahy frah'y-toh
cost price | kostprezo | kost-preh'zo
credit | kredito | krehdee'toh
creditor | kreditoro | kreditohr'o
custom-house | doganejo | doganeh'yo
customs, the | la dogano | la dogah'no
— clearing-house | doganesplorejo | dogahn'esploreh'yo
customs duties | doganimpostoj | dogahn'impos'toy
damage | difekto | difekt'o
damages (law) | kompensaĵo | kompehn-sah'zho
debenture shares | obligaciaj akcioj | obligaht-see'ahy ahkt-see'oy
debit | debeto | debeh'toh
debt | ŝuldo | shool'doh
debtor | ŝuldanto | shool-dahn'toh
deliver, to | liveri | liveh'ree
delivered free | liverita afrankite | livehree'tah afrahnkee'teh
demurrage | pago pro malfruiĝo | pah'go pro mahlfroo-ee'jo
department | fako | fah'ko
director, manager | direktoro | direktohr'o
discount; to — | diskonto; diskonti | diskon'toh; diskon'tee
dividend | dividendo | dividehn'doh
dock and harbour dues | dok- kaj haven-impostoj | dohk- kahy havehn'-impos'toy
double entry, by | per duobla enskribo | per doo-oh'bla enskree'bo
draft | trato | trah'toh
draw upon, to | trati (iun) | trah'tee (ee'oon)
drawee | tratato | tratah'toh
drawer | tratanto | tratahn'toh
duty, export | eksportimposto | eksport'impost'oh
—, import | importimposto | import'impost'oh
duty-free | senimposte | sen-impost'eh
enclosed | entenata | entehnah'ta
enclosure, an | enmetaĵo | enmeh-tah'zho
endorse, to | ĝiri | jee'ree
endorsee | ĝirato | jeerah'toh
endorsement | ĝiro | jeer'o
endorser | ĝiranto | jeerahn'toh
exchange, an | interŝanĝo | intehr-shahn'jo
— (place) | borso | bohr'so
— (difference) | aĝio | ahjee'oh
excise | akcizo | ahk-tsee'zo
exports | eksportoj | ekspor'toy
firm, a | firmo | feer'mo
forwarding | eksped-o, -ado8 | ekspeh'-doh, -dah'doh
free on board (f.o.b.) | afranke sur ŝipon | afrahn'keh soor sheep'ohn
freightage | frajta prezo | frahy'tah preh'zo
guarantee, a | garantio | garahntee'o
imports | importoj | impohr'toy
insolvent | nesolventa | nehsolvehn'ta
insurance policy | asekura poliso | ahsehkoor'ah polee'so
— premium | asekura premio | ahsehkoor'ah prehmee'oh
insure, to | asekuri | ahsehkoo'ree
introduction | prezento | prehzehn'toh
—, letter of | prezenta letero | prehzehn'ta leteh'ro
invest, to (money) | plasi | plah'see
letter of advice | avizletero | ahveez'leteh'ro
liabilities | pasivo, ŝuldaro | pahsee'vo, shool-dah'ro
liable to duty | impostebla | imposteh'blah
load, to | ŝarĝi | shahr'jee
loss | malprofito | mahl-profee'toh
manifest, a | manifesto | mah-nifeh'sto
marine insurance | marasekuro | mahr'ahseh-koo'ro
market | komercejo | komehrt-seh'yo
foreign market | eksterlanda vendado | ekstehrlahn'da vendah'doh
home market | enlanda vendado | enlahn'da vendah'doh
London market | Londona vendado | londoh'na vendah'doh
market-day | vendeja tago | vendeh'yah ta'go
market dues | vendejaj impostoj | vendeh'yahy impos'toy
market price | vendeja prezo | vendeh'yah preh'zo
not negotiable | nenegocebla | neh-nehgoht-seh'blah
offer for sale, to | elmeti al vendo | elmeh'tee al vehn'doh
office | oficejo | ofitseh'yo
order, to (goods) | mendi | mehn'dee
packing | pakado | pahkah'doh
partner | partisto | pahrtist'o
payable | pagebla | pa-geh'blah
port of delivery | livera haveno | livehr'ah haveh'no
preference shares | preferencaj akcioj | prefehrent'sahy ahk-tsee'oy
prepaid | afrankita | afrahn-kee'ta
price | prezo | preh'zo
price-list | prezaro | prehzahr'o
quarantine | kvaranteno | kvarahn-teh'no
quotation (of price) | prezpropono | prehz'prohpo'no
rate of interest | procento | prohtsehn'toh
receipt | kvitanco | kvitahnt'so
receiver | likvidisto | likvee-dist'o
register, to | registri | reh-ghees'tree
registered tonnage | registra tonaĵo | reh-ghees'tra tonah'zho
registration | registr-o, -ado | reh-ghees'-tro, -trah'doh
representative | reprezentanto | reprehzen-tahn'toh
rent | luprezo | loo-preh'zo
retail (adj. & adv.) | pomalgrand-a, -e | po-malgrahn'-da, -deh
salesman, seller | vendisto | vehndist'o
selling price | vendoprezo | vehn'doh-preh'zo
settling days | pagtagoj | pahg-tah'goy
shareholder | akciulo | ahk-tsee-oo'lo
shares | akcioj | ahk-tsee'oy
ship, to | enŝipigi | enshipee'ghee
shippers | ekspedistoj | ekspeh-dis'toy
shipping charges | ŝarĝadaj elspezoj | shahrja'dahy elspeh'zoy
shop-assistant | komizo | komee'zo
solvent | solventa | solvehn'ta
stevedore | stivisto | steevist'o
stow, to (cargo) | stivi | stee'vee
telegraphic address | telegrafa adreso | telehgrah'fah ahdreh'so
towing charges | trenŝipaj pagoj | trehn-shee'pahy pahgoy
trade, commerce | komerc-o, -ado | komehrt'-so, -sah'doh
transaction | negoco | nehgoht'so
traveller, commercial | komerca vojaĝisto | komehrt'sah vo-yah-jist'o
underwriter | asekurinto | ahseh-koorin'toh
unloading | malŝarĝ-o, -ado | mahlshahr'-jo, -jah'doh
visa, to | vizi | vee'zee
warehouse | magazeno | mah-gazeh'no
weight, gross | kuntara pezo | koon-tah'ra peh'zo
—, net | sentara pezo | sehn-tah'ra peh'zo
wharf | ŭarfo | wahr'fo
wharfage | ŭarfpago | wahrf-pah'go
wholesale | pogrand-a, -e | po-grahn'-da, -deh
winding-up | likvido | likvee'doh

30. Post, Telegraph and Telephone.
(La Poŝto, la Telegrafo, kaj la Telefono.)

(For Conversations see p. 121.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Collection | kolekto | kolek'toh
contents | enhavo | ehnhah'vo
counterfoil | kontraŭfolio | kon'trahw-folee'oh
customs declaration | dogandeklaro | dogahn'dehklar'o
delivery | livero | livehr'o
description | priskribo | pree-skree'bo
despatch note | depeŝo | dehpeh'sho
excess postage | afrankeksceso | afrahnk'eks-tseh'so
letter post | letera poŝto | leteh'ra posh'toh
letter-scales | leterpesilo | letehr'pehsee'lo
mail, the | la kuriero | la kooree-ehr'o
money order (foreign) | poŝtmandato eksterlanda | posht-mandah'toh eks-terlahn'da
newspaper wrapper | banderolo | bahn-dero'lo
parcel | paketo | pahkeh'toh
— post | paketpoŝto | pahkeht-posh'toh
pillar-box | leterkesto | letehr-kest'o
post, the | la poŝto | la pohsh-toh
postage paid | afrankita | afrahnkee'tah
postal order | poŝtmandato enlanda | posht-mahndah'toh en-lahn'da
post-card | poŝtkarto | pohsht-kahr'toh
post-office | poŝtoficejo | posht-ofeet-seh'yo
postman | leterportisto | letehr'pohrtist'o
postmaster | poŝtestro | pohsh-tehs'tro
re-address, to | readresi | reh-ahdreh'see
register, to | registri | reh-ghees'tree
reply paid | respondafrankita | respond'afrahn-kee'ta
stamps | poŝtmarkoj | posht-mahr'koy
telegram | telegramo | teleh-grah'mo
telegraph, to | telegrafi | teleh-grah'fee
— form | telegrama folio | teleh-grah'ma folee'oh
— messenger | telegramportisto | telehgrahm'pohrtist'o
— office | telegrafejo | teleh-grafeh'yo
telephone | telefono | teleh-fo'no
— call office | telefonejo | teleh-foneh'yo
— number | telefona numero | teleh-fo'na noomehr'o
ring up, to | telefoni | teleh-fo'nee
to be called for | poŝtrestante | posht-restahn'teh
value, insured | asekurita valoro | ahsekooree'ta vahlohr'o
weigh, to | pesi | peh'see
weight, a | pezilo | pehzee'lo
— (of anything) | pezo | peh'zo
—, over | tro peza | tro peh'zah

31. Correspondence.
(Korespondado.)

(For Conversations see p. 122.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Address | adreso | ah-dreh'so
blotting-paper | sorba papero | sohr'ba pa-pehr'o
date | dato | da'toh
—, to | dat-i, -umi | dah'-tee, -too'mee
envelope | koverto | ko-vehr'toh
fasten, close, to | fermi | fehr'mee
immediate | tuja | too'yah
ink | inko | een'ko
inkstand | inkujo | een-koo'yo
letter | letero | letehr'o
letter-box | leterkesto | leh-tehr-kest'o
note | noto | no'toh
note-paper | leterpapero | letehr'pa-pehr'o
packet | paketo | pah-keht'o
pen | plumo | ploo'mo
—, fountain | fontoplumo | fon'toh-ploo'mo
penholder | plumingo | ploom-een'go
penknife | tranĉileto | trahn-chee-leh'toh
pencil | krajono | krah-yo'no
quire | kajero | kah-yeh'ro
ream | rismo | rees'mo
seal, a | sigelo | see-gheh'lo
seal, to | sigeli | see-gheh'lee
sealing-wax | sigelvakso | see-ghehl-vahk'so
sheet | folio | fo-lee'o
signature | subskribo | soob-skree'bo
urgent | urĝa | oorr'jah
writing | la skribo | la skree'bo
— materials | skribilaro | skree-bee-lah'ro

32. The Cardinal Numbers.
(La Fundamentaj Numeraloj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 78.)

0 | Nulo | (nool'oh) | 17 | dek sep | 79 | sepdek naŭ
1 | unu | (oo'noo) | 18 | dek ok | 80 | okdek
2 | du | (doo) | 19 | dek naŭ | 90 | naŭdek
3 | tri | (tree) | 20 | dudek | 100 | cent | (tsehnt)
4 | kvar | (kvahr) | 21 | dudek unu | 101 | cent unu
5 | kvin | (kvin) | 22 | dudek du | 102 | cent du
6 | ses | (sehss) | 23 | dudek tri | 200 | du cent | (doot'sehnt)
7 | sep | (sehp) | 24 | dudek kvar | 300 | tricent
8 | ok | (ohk) | 30 | tridek | 400 | kvarcent
9 | naŭ | (nahw) | 35 | tridek kvin | 500 | kvincent
10 | dek | (dehk) | 40 | kvardek | 600 | sescent
11 | dek unu | 46 | kvardek ses | 700 | sepcent
12 | dek du | 50 | kvindek | 800 | okcent
13 | dek tri | 57 | kvindek sep | 900 | naŭcent
14 | dek kvar | 60 | sesdek | 1,000 | mil | (meel)
15 | dek kvin | 68 | sesdek ok
16 | dek ses | 70 | sepdek

2,679 | dumil sescent sepdek naŭ.
3,000 | trimil.
10,000 | dek mil.
20,000 | dudek mil.
389,345 | tricent okdek naŭmil tricent kvardek kvin.
1,000,000 | (unu) miliono [(oo'noo) meeleeoh'no].
4,000,000 | kvar milionoj.
1908 … | Mil naŭcent ok.

Note.—Observe that the cardinal numbers are grouped together (without hyphens) in thousands, hundreds, tens and units. Thus, 548 is kvincent kvardek ok, not kvincent-kvardek-ok, and 17 dek sep, not dek-sep.

33. Ordinal Numerals.
(La Ordaj Numeraloj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 78.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
First | unua | oonoo'ah
second | dua | doo'ah
third | tria | tree'ah
fourth | kvara | kvah'rah
fifth | kvina | kvee'nah
sixth | sesa | seh'sah
seventh | sepa | seh'pah
eighth | oka | oh'kah
ninth | naŭa | nah'wah
tenth | deka | deh'kah
eleventh | dek-unua | dehk-oonoo'ah
twelfth | dek-dua | dehkdoo'ah
thirteenth | dek-tria | dehktree'ah
fourteenth | dek-kvara | dehk-kvah'rah
fifteenth | dek-kvina | dehk-kvee'nah
sixteenth | dek-sesa | dehkseh'sah
seventeenth | dek-sepa | dehkseh'pah
eighteenth | dek-oka | dehk-oh'kah
nineteenth | dek-naŭa | dehknah'wah
twentieth | dudeka | doodeh'kah
twenty-first | dudek-unua | doo'dehk-oonoo'ah
twenty-second | dudek-dua | doo'dehk-doo'ah
twenty-third | dudek-tria | doo'dehk-tree'ah
twenty-fourth | dudek-kvara | doo'dehk-kvah'rah
twenty-fifth | dudek-kvina | doo'dehk-kvee'nah
thirtieth | trideka | treedeh'kah
thirty-second | tridek-dua | treedehk-doo'ah
fortieth | kvardeka | kvahrdeh'kah
fiftieth | kvindeka | kvindeh'kah
sixtieth | sesdeka | sehsdeh'kah
seventieth | sepdeka | sehpdeh'kah
eightieth | okdeka | ohkdeh'kah
ninetieth | naŭdeka | nahw-deh'kah
hundredth | centa | tsehn'tah
hundred and first | cent-unua | tsehnt-oonoo'ah
two hundred and fifty-second | ducent-kvindek-dua | doot'sehnt-kvin'dehk- doo'ah
thousandth | mila | mee'lah

34. Collective and Fractional Numbers.
(Kolektivaj kaj Nombronaj Numeraloj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
All | ĉiom (da) | chee'ohm (dah)
couple, a | paro | pah'ro
double | duobla | doo-oh'blah
doubly | duoble | doo-oh'bleh
dozen, a | dekduo | dehk-doo'oh
fifth, a | kvinono | kvee-no'no
firstly | unue | oonoo'eh
gross, a | cent kvardek kvar | tsehnt kvahr'dehk kvahr
half-a-dozen | duondekduo | doo-ohn'dehkdoo'oh
once | unufoje | oo'noo-fo'yeh
one by one | unuope | oonoo-oh'peh
one-half | unu duono | oo'noo doo-oh'no
pair, a | paro | pah'ro
part, portion | parto | pahr'to
quarter, fourth part | kvarono | kvahro'no
score, a | dudeko | doodeh'ko
secondly | due | doo'eh
single | unuopa | oonoo-oh'pah
singly | unuope | oonoo-oh'peh
third, a | triono | tree-oh'no
thirdly | trie | tree'eh
threefold | trioble | tree-oh'bleh
three-quarters | tri kvaronoj | tree kvahro'noy
three-sevenths | tri seponoj | tree sehpoh'noy
twice | dufoje, dufojojn | doo-fo'yeh, doo fo'yoyn
two by two | duope | doo-oh'peh
two-sixths | du sesonoj | doo seh-so'noy
whole, the | la tuto | la too'toh

35. Adjectives.
(Adjektivoj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 77.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Able (capable) | kapabla | kah-pah'blah
bad, wicked | malbona | mahl-bo'nah
beautiful, handsome | bela | beh'la
beloved | amata | ahmah'tah
bitter | maldolĉa | mahl-dohl'chah
blind | blinda | bleen'dah
blunt | malakra | mahl-ah'krah
bold | kuraĝema | koorah-jeh'ma
brave | brava | brah'vah
bright | hela | heh'la
broad, wide | larĝa | lar'jah
careful | zorgema | zorgeh'ma
careless | senzorga | sen-zor'ga
certain | certa | tsehr'tah
cheap | malkara | mahl-kah'ra
clean | pura | poo'rah
clear | klara | klah'ra
clever | lerta | lehr'tah
cold | malvarma | mahl-vahr'ma
comfortable | komforta | kohm-fohr'tah
corpulent | korpulenta | korpoolehn'tah
costly | multekosta | mool'teh-kohs'tah
damp | malseka | mahl-seh'ka
dangerous | danĝera | dahn-jeh'rah
dark | malluma | mahl-loo'ma
deaf | surda | soor'dah
dear | kara | kah'ra
deep | profunda | pro-foon'dah
different | malsama | mahl-sah'ma
dirty | malpura | mahl-poo'rah
disagreeable | malagrabla | mahl-ahgrah'blah
dry | seka | seh'ka
dull (of weather) | malklara | mahl-klah'rah
dusty | polva | pohl'vah
early | frua | froo'ah
easy | facila | faht-see'lah
empty | malplena | mahl-pleh'na
every | ĉiu | chee'oo
false | malvera | mahl-vehr'ah
fashionable | laŭmoda | lahw-mo'dah
fat (stout) | dikkorpa | deek-kor'pa
few | malmultaj | mahl-mool'tahy
fine (excellent) | bonega | boneh'gah
— (in quality) | delikata | dehlee-kah'tah
fit (for) | taŭga | tahw'gah
flat | plata | plah'tah
foolish | malsaĝa | mahl-sah'jah
fortunate | bonŝanca | bohn-shahnt'sah
free | libera | libeh'ra
frequent | ofta | off'tah
fresh | freŝa | freh'shah
front | antaŭa | ahntah'wah
full | plena | pleh'nah
gay | gaja | gah'yah
general, usual | kutima | kootee'ma
gentle, polite | ĝentila | jentee'la
good | bona | boh'nah
grand | grandioza | grahndee-oh'zah
great | granda | grahn'dah
happy | feliĉa | fehlee'chah
hard | malmola | mahl-mo'la
heavy | peza | peh'zah
high | alta | ahl'tah
honest | honesta | honeh'stah
hot | varmega | vahrmeh'ga
hungry | malsata | mahl-sah'tah
ill (unwell) | malsana | mahl-sah'nah
important | grava | grah'va
interesting | interesa | inteh-reh'sah
just | justa | yoos'tah
kind | bonkora | bohn-ko'ra
lame | lama | lah'ma
large, vast | larĝa | lahr'jah
last | lasta | lah'stah
late | malfrua | mahl-froo'ah
light | luma | loo'ma
little, small | malgranda | mahl-grahn'dah
long | longa | lohn'gah
loose | ne fiksita | neh fiksee'tah
low (in place) | malalta | mahl-ahl'tah
many | multaj | mool'tahy
mild | milda | meel'dah
muddy | kota | ko'tah
narrow | mallarĝa | mahl-lahr'jah
natural | natura | nahtoor'ah
new | nova | no'vah
nice, tasty | bongusta | bohn-goo'stah
old (not new) | malnova | mahl-no'vah
open | malfermita | mahl-fehrmee'tah
patient | pacienca | paht-see-ent'sah
pleasant | agrabla | ahgrah'blah
poor (not rich) | malriĉa | mahl-ree'chah
poor (to be pitied) | kompatinda | kompah-teen'dah
possible | ebla | eh'blah
pretty | beleta | beh-leh'tah
private | privata | pree-vah'tah
probable | probabla | probah'blah
proud | fiera | fee-eh'rah
public | publika | pooblee'ka
pure, clean | pura | poo'rah
quick, swift | rapida | rahpee'dah
quiet | kvieta | kvee-eh'tah
rich | riĉa | ree'chah
right | prava | prah-vah
— (correct) | ĝusta | joo'stah
ripe | matura | mahtoo'rah
rough (not smooth) | malglata | mahl-glah'tah
round | ronda | rohn'dah
rude | malĝentila | mahl-jenteela
sacred, holy | sankta | sahnk'tah
sad | malĝoja | mahl-joya
safe, secure | sekura | seh-koo'rah
sharp | akra | ah'krah
short | mallonga | mahl-lohn'ga
silent | silenta | seelehn'tah
simple | simpla | seem'plah
slow | malrapida | mahl-rahpee'dah
smooth | glata | glah'tah
soft | mola | mo'lah
sound, reliable | fidinda | feedeen'dah
sour | acideca | ahtsee-deht'sah
square | kvadrata | kvah-drah'tah
straight | rekta | rehk'tah
strange (curious) | stranga | strahn'gah
strong | forta | fohr'tah
stupid, dull | stulta | stool'tah
sufficient | sufiĉa | soofee'chah
sweet | dolĉa | dohl'chah
tall | altkreska | ahlt-krehs'kah
tender (loving) | amplena | ahm-pleh'nah
thick | dika | dee'kah
thin | maldika | mahl-dee'ka
thirsty | soifanta | so-eefahn'tah
tough | koherema | ko-hehreh'mah
true | vera | veh'rah
ugly | malbela | mahl-beh'la
unsettled (weather) | necerta | neht-sehr'tah
useful | utila | ootee'la
usual | kutima | kootee'ma
valuable | multvalora | mooltvahlo'ra
various | diversa | deevehr'sah
warm | varma | vahr'ma
weak | malforta | mahl-fohr'ta
wet | malseka | mahl-seh'kah
whole | tuta | too'tah
willing | volonta | volohn'tah
wise | saĝa | sah'jah
wrong | malprava | mahl-prah'vah
young | juna | yoo'nah

36. Verbs.

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 81.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
To accept | akcepti | ahk-tsehp'tee
" admire | admiri | ahdmeer'ee
" answer, reply | respondi | rehspohn'dee
" approve | aprobi | ahpro'bee
" arrive | alveni | ahl-veh'nee
" ascend | supreniri | soo'preh-neer'ee
" ask | demandi | dehman'dee
" attract, draw | altiri | ahl-teer'ee
" awake, intr. | vekiĝi | vehkee'jee
" be | esti | eh'stee
" be hungry | malsati | mahl-sah'tee
" be ignorant of | nescii | nehst-see'ee
" be mistaken | trompiĝi | trohmpee'jee
" be quiet, silent | silenti | seelehn'tee
" be thirsty | soifi | so-ee'fee
" beat | bati | bah'tee
" begin, tr. | komenci | kohment'see
" believe | kredi | kreh'dee
" blame | mallaŭdi | mahl-lahw'dee
" boil, intr.; —, tr. | boli; boligi | bo'lee; bo-lee'ghee
" borrow | pruntepreni | proon'teh-preh'nee
" bring | alporti | ahl-por'tee
" build | konstrui | konstroo'ee
" button | butonumi | bootonoo'mee
" buy | aĉeti | ahcheh'tee
" carry | porti | pohr'tee
" catch cold | malvarmumi | mahl-vahrmoo'mee
" chat | babili | bahbee'lee
" climb | grimpi | grim'pee
" compare | kompari | kohmpah'ree
" consent | konsenti | konsehn'tee
" continue, intr. | daŭri | dahw'ree
" cook | kuiri | koo-ee'ree
" cough | tusi | too'see
" cover | kovri | ko'vree
" dance | danci | dahnt'see
" decide | decidi | deht-see'dee
" deny | nei | neh'ee
" depart, go away | foriri | for-eer'ee
" descend | malsupreniri | mahl-sooprehn-eer'ee
" desire, wish (for) | deziri | deh-zeer'ee
" dine | ĉefmanĝi | chehf-mahn'jee
" do, make | fari | fah'ree
" doubt | dubi | doo'bee
" draw, pull | tiri | teer'ee
" dream | sonĝi | sohn'jee
" drink | trinki | trin'kee
" dress | vesti | veh'stee
" dwell, live | loĝi | lo'jee
" eat | manĝi | mahn'jee
" exchange | interŝanĝi | intehr-shahn'jee
" excuse | ekskuzi | ekskoo'zee
" explain | komprenigi | kompreh-nee'ghee
" fall | fali | fah'lee
" feel (by touch) | palpi | pahl'pee
" feel (in mind) | senti | sehn'tee
" find | trovi | tro'vee
" finish, tr. | fini | fee'nee
" follow | sekvi | sehk'vee
" forget | forgesi | fohr-gheh'see
" gather | kolekti | ko-lehk'tee
" get | akiri | ahkee'ree
" get up | leviĝi | lehvee'jee
" give | doni | doh'nee
" go | iri | eer'ee
" go in | eniri | ehneer'ee
" go out | eliri | ehleer'ee
" grow | kreski | kreh'skee
" guide | gvidi | gvee'dee
" hate | malami | mahlah'mee
" have | havi | hah'vee
" hear | aŭdi | ahw'dee
" hesitate | heziti | heh-zee'tee
" hide | kaŝi | kah'shee
" hope | esperi | espehr'ee
" imagine | imagi | imah'ghee
" ignore | ignori | ignoh'ree
" intend | intenci | intehnt'see
" introduce (one) | prezenti | prehzehn'tee
— (a thing) | enkonduki | ehnkon-doo'kee
" joke | ŝerci | shehrt'see
" jump | salti | sahl'tee
" know | scii | stsee'ee
" laugh | ridi | ree'dee
" learn | lerni | lehr'nee
" lend | pruntedoni | proon'teh-doh'nee
" lie down | kuŝiĝi | koo-shee'jee
" live (be alive) | vivi | vee'vee
" look for | serĉi | sehr'chee
" lose | perdi | pehr'dee
" love | ami | ah'mee
" marry, intr. (of a man) | edziĝi | ehdzee'-jee
— (of a woman) | edziniĝi | ehdzee-nee'jee
" meet | renkonti | rehn-kon'tee
" mention | aludi | ahloo'dee
" need, want | bezoni | behzoh'nee
" object | oponi | opoh'nee
" obtain | obteni | obteh'nee
" offend | ofendi | ofehn'dee
" offer | proponi | pro-po'nee
" open | malfermi | mahl-fehr'mee
" order (goods) | mendi | mehn'dee
" order, command | ordoni | ohrdoh'nee
" pack up | paki | pah'kee
" paint | pentri | pehn'tree
" pay; repay | pagi; repagi | pah'ghee; reh-pah'ghee
" plant | planti | plahn'tee
" play | ludi | loo'dee
" plough | plugi | ploo'ghee
" pluck, pick | deŝiri | deh-sheer'ee
" praise | laŭdi | lahw'dee
" prove | pruvi | proo'vee
" read | legi | leh'ghee
" reap | rikolti | reekohl'tee
" reckon, count | kalkuli | kahl-koo'lee
" receive | ricevi | reetseh'vee
" refuse | rifuzi | ree-foo'zee
" regret | bedaŭri | behdahw'ree
" remember | memori | meh-mohr'ee
" repeat | ripeti | reepeh'tee
" rest | ripozi | reepo'zee
" return, come back | reveni | rehveh'nee
— (go back) | reiri | reh-eer'ee
— (give back) | redoni | reh-doh'nee
" ring, tr. | sonorigi | so-no-ree'ghee
" roast | rosti | roh'stee
" run | kuri | koor'ee
" say, tell | diri | dee'ree
" search for | serĉi | sehr'chee
" see | vidi | vee'dee
" sell | vendi | vehn'dee
" serve | servi | sehr'vee
" sew, stitch | kudri | koo'dree
" shave | razi | rah'zee
" shine | brili | bree'lee
" show | montri | mohn'tree
" sign (letter, etc.) | subskribi | soob-skree'bee
" sit down | sidiĝi | seedee'jee
" sleep | dormi | dohr'mee
" sneeze | terni | tehr'nee
" sow (seed) | semi | seh'mee
" speak | paroli | pahro'lee
" spoil, tr. | difekti | deefehk'tee
" steal | ŝteli | shteh'lee
" study | studi | stoo'dee
" swear | ĵuri | zhoor'ee
" take | preni | preh'nee
" take off | depreni | deh-preh'nee
" take a walk | promeni | pro-meh'nee
" taste, tr. | gustumi | goostoo'mee
" tell (a tale) | rakonti | rahkon'tee
" thank | danki | dahn'kee
" think | pensi | pehn'see
" throw | ĵeti | zheh'tee
" touch | tuŝi | too'shee
" translate | traduki | trahdoo'kee
" travel | vojaĝi | vo-yah'jee
" unbutton | malbutonumi | mahl-bootohnoo'mee
" unpack | malpaki | mahl-pah'kee
" wash | lavi | lah'vee
" weep | plori | plo'ree
" weigh, tr.; —, int. | pesi; pezi | peh'see; peh'zee
" will, be willing | voli | vo'lee
" work | labori | lah-boh'ree
" wrap up | envolvi | ehn-vol'vee
" write | skribi | skree'bee
" yield, give way | cedi | tseh'dee

37. Adverbs, Conjunctions & Prepositions.
(Adverboj, Konjunkcioj kaj Prepozicioj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 77.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
About (nearly) | proksimume | prokseemoo'meh
about (concerning) | pri | pree
above | super | soo'pehr
above all | antaŭ ĉio | ahn'tahw chee'oh
absolutely | absolute | ahbsoloo'teh
according to | laŭ | lah'w
across | trans | trahnss
afresh | denove | dehno'veh
after, next to | post | pohst
afterwards | poste | pohss'teh
again | ree | reh'eh
against | kontraŭ | kohn'trahw
all (of) | ĉiom (da) | chee'ohm (dah)
all at once, suddenly | subite | soobee'teh
almost | preskaŭ | preh'skahw
alone, solely | sole | so'leh
aloud | laŭte | lahw'teh
already | jam | yahm
also, too, besides | ankaŭ | ahn'kahw
although | kvankam | kvahn'kahm
altogether, quite | tute | too'teh
always | ĉiam | chee'ahm
and | kaj | kah'y
anywhere | kie ajn | kee'eh ah'yn
around, round about | ĉirkaŭ | cheer'kahw
as…as | tiel…kiel… | tee'ehl…kee'ehl…
as much, as many | tiom | tee'ohm
as much as | tiom kiom | tee'ohm kee'ohm
as soon as, immediately | tuj kiam | too'y kee'ahm
at | ĉe | cheh
at first | unue | oonoo'eh
at last | fine | fee'neh
at least | almenaŭ | ahl-meh'nahw
at [the] most | pleje | pleh'yeh
at once | tuj | tooy'
at present | nune | noo'neh
badly | malbone | mahlbo'neh
because | ĉar | chahr
before | antaŭ | ahn'tahw
behind | post | pohst
below, under, beneath | sub | soob
besides, beyond | krom | krohm
better | pli bone | plee bo'neh
between, among(st) | inter | een'tehr
beyond | preter | preh'tehr
briefly, shortly | mallonge | mahl-lohn'geh
but | sed | sehd
by the side of | apud, flanke de | ah'pood, flahn'keh deh
by turns | laŭvice | lahw-veet'seh
close to | apud | ah'pood
consequently | sekve | sehk'veh
daily | ĉiutage | chee-ootah'gheh
doubtless | sendube | sehndoo'beh
down (direction) | malsupren | mahlsoo'prehn
down (position) | malsupre | mahlsoo'preh
during | dum | doom
early, betimes | frue | froo'eh
either…or | aŭ…aŭ | ahw…ahw
elsewhere | aliloke | ahleelo'keh
enough (of) | sufiĉe (da) | soofee'cheh (dah)
even if | eĉ se | ehch seh
everywhere | ĉie | chee'eh
exactly | precize | preht-see'zeh
exceedingly | treege | treh-eh'geh
except, prep. | escepte | est-sehp'teh
far, distant | malproksime | mahl-proksee'meh
for, conj. | ĉar | chahr
for, prep. | por | pohr
formerly | antaŭe | ahntah'weh
from | de | deh
full of | plena de | pleh'nah deh
fully | plene | pleh'neh
hardly | apenaŭ | ahpeh'nahw
here | ĉi tie, tie ĉi | chee tee'eh, tee'eh chee
herewith | ĉi-kune | chee-koo'neh
how, like | kiel | kee'ehl
how much? | kiom? | kee'ohm?
however | tamen | tah'mehn
immediately | tuj | too'y
in | en | ehn
in every way | ĉiel | chee'ehl
in front, before | antaŭe | ahntah'weh
in future | en la estonteco | ehn lah estohn-teht'so
in spite of | malgraŭ | mahl'grahw
in the midst of | meze de | meh'zeh deh
indeed | vere | veh'reh
inside | interne de, en | intehr'neh deh, ehn
instead of | anstataŭ | ahnstaht'ahw
late | malfrue | mahl-froo'eh
less | malpli | mahl'plee
little (of) | malmulte (da) | mahl-mool'teh (dah)
little by little | iom post iom | ee'ohm pohst ee'ohm
more | pli | plee
more or less | pli malpli | plee mahl'plee
the more…the more | ju pli…des pli | yoo plee…dehs plee
much, very | tre | treh
mutually | reciproke | reht'see-pro'keh
near; — to | proksime; — de | prohksee'meh; — deh
neither…nor | nek…nek | nehk…nehk
never | neniam | neh-nee'ahm
nevertheless | tamen | tah'mehn
not | ne | neh
not at all | tute ne | too'teh neh
notwithstanding | malgraŭ (tio) | mahl'grahw (tee'oh)
not yet | ankoraŭ ne | ahnkoh'rahw neh
now | nun | noon
nowadays | nuntempe, hodiaŭ | noon-tehm'peh, hoh-dee'ahw
nowhere | nenie | neh-nee'eh
of | de; da (after numerals) | deh; dah
of course | kompreneble | kompreh-neh'bleh
often | ofte | off'teh
on, upon | sur | soor
on account of | pro | pro
on no account | nenial | neh-nee'ahl
on the contrary | kontraŭe | kontrah'weh
on the left | maldekstre | mahl-dek'streh
on the right | dekstre | dehk'streh
only | nur | noor
opposite | kontraŭe | kontrah'weh
or | aŭ | ahw
otherwise | alie | ahlee'eh
outside, out of | ekster | eks'tehr
over | super | soo'pehr
perhaps | eble | eh'bleh
presently, soon | baldaŭ | bahl'dahw
previously | antaŭe | ahntah'weh
purposely | intence | intehnt'seh
quickly | rapide | rahpee'deh
rather, preferably | prefere | prehfeh'reh
rather, somewhat | iom | ee'ohm
save, excepting | escepte | ehst-sehp'teh
scarcely | apenaŭ | ahpeh'nahw
seldom, rarely | malofte | mahl-off'teh
since, prep. | de | deh
—, conj. | ĉar | chahr
— (the time when) | de l' tempo kiam | dehl tehm'po kee'ahm
so, thus | tiel | tee'ehl
so much | tiom | tee'ohm
somehow | iel | ee'ehl
something | io | ee'oh
sometimes | kelkafoje | kehl'kah-fo'yeh
soon | baldaŭ | bahl'dahw
suddenly | subite | soo-bee'teh
that, conj. | ke | keh
that is | tio estas (abbr., t.e.) | tee'oh es'tahss
then | tiam | tee'ahm
then, conj. | do | doh
thence | de tie | deh tee'eh
there | tie | tee'eh
through | tra | trah
through (by means of) | per | pehr
till, until | ĝis | jeess
to | al | ahl
together | kune | koo'neh
too much, too | tro | tro
towards | al, en la direkto de | ahl, ehn lah deerehk'toh deh
unexpectedly | neatendite | neh-ahtehndee'teh
unless | se…ne | seh…neh
until | ĝis | jeess
up, upwards | supren | soo'prehn
up above | supre | soo'preh
weekly | ĉiusemajne | chee'oo-sehmah'y-neh
well | bone | bo'neh
when | kiam | kee'ahm
whence? | de kie? | deh kee'eh?
where? | kie? | kee'eh?
wherever | kie ajn | kee'eh ahyn'
whether, if | ĉu | choo
while, whilst | dum | doom
why? | kial? | kee'ehl?
willingly | volonte | volohn'teh
wisely | saĝe | sah'jeh
with | kun | koon
within | interne | intehr'neh
without | sen | sehn
yearly | ĉiujare | chee'oo-yah'reh
yet, as yet | ankoraŭ | ahnkoh'rahw

ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.

The Article.

The Definite Article the is in Esperanto represented by la. Like the article in English, la does not vary with the number or gender of the noun before which it is placed; e.g., la briko, the brick; la brikoj, the bricks; la patro, the father; la patrinoj, the mothers.

The Indefinite Article a is not expressed in Esperanto. Thus, "filo" is son or a son.

The Noun.

In Esperanto every noun in the singular ends in o. Thus: viro, a man; la libro, the book. The plural is formed from the singular by adding the termination -j. Thus: viroj, men; la libroj, the books.

In order to allow each nation to construct its sentences in the order to which it is accustomed, every noun in Esperanto has two forms or "cases," (1) the Nominative, or unchanged form, and (2) the Accusative, which is formed from the nominative by adding the termination -n. This is merely to distinguish between subject and object. The accusative form is also used to indicate motion towards, etc.

The Adjective.

All adjectives end in the nominative singular in a. They may be placed either before or after the noun. As in the case of the noun, the plural is formed by adding the termination -j, and the accusative is formed by adding -n to the nominative. The adjective agrees in number and case with the noun which it qualifies. Ex.:—

Blua libro (or libro blua), a blue book; bluaj libroj, blue books.

La viro legas bluan libron. The man reads a blue book.

La viroj legas bluajn librojn. The men are reading blue books.

Thanks to the accusative case, one might say without loss of clearness: Bluan libron legas la viro, or la viro bluan libron legas, or bluan libron la viro legas, etc.

Degrees of Comparison.

There are three degrees of comparison, as in English:

The Positive, as bona, good; bela, beautiful; granda, big, great.

The Comparative is formed by placing pli (more) or malpli (less) before the positive, thus: bona, good—pli bona, better; bela, beautiful—malpli bela, less beautiful. The comparison may be heightened by using multe (much), thus: multe pli (or malpli) bela.

Than is translated by ol, thus: pli (or malpli) bela ol…, more (or less) beautiful than…

The Superlative degree is formed by using plej (most) with the positive; as bela, beautiful—plej bela, most beautiful.

Of with a superlative is translated by the preposition el (out of). La plej granda el ĉiuj, the greatest of all.

The more…the more, the less…the less, are translated by means of the particles ju and des. Thus: Ju pli oni studas, des pli oni lernas, the more one studies, the more one learns. Ju pli mi kun li parolas, des malpli mi lin estimas, the more I speak to him, the less I esteem him.

Cardinal Numbers.

The Cardinal Numbers may be used as nouns, by the addition of the ending -o. Thus, unuo, a unit; trio, a trio; dekduo, a dozen; dudeko, a score; cento, a hundred; milo, a thousand. Note that miliono is ALWAYS used as a noun.

When a number or any other word is used as a noun of quantity, the noun which follows it must be preceded by the quantitative preposition da:—Dekduo da ovoj, a dozen eggs; milo da soldatoj, a thousand soldiers (one might of course also say dek du ovoj, mil soldatoj); du metroj da drapo, two metres of cloth; tri funtoj da sukero, three pounds of sugar.

Ordinal Numbers.

The Ordinal Numbers are formed by adding the adjectival ending -a to the Cardinals. In Compound Ordinal Numbers, the groups of hundreds, tens, units, etc., are joined by hyphens, and the ending -a is added to the unit numeral. Thus: unu, one—unua, first; tria, third; dek-unua, eleventh; tridek-sepa, thirty-seventh; kvarcent-sesdek-dua, 462nd, and so on. Written in figures these would be 1a, 3a, 11a, 37a, 462a. The Ordinals are of course inflected like adjectives. (See page 77.)

Fractions

Fractionals are formed by adding the suffix -on (plus the endings o, a, or e as required) to the Cardinal Numbers. Thus: unu duono, one-half; tri kvaronoj, three-quarters; dek sep dek-naŭonoj, 17/19; dudek tri kvarmil-kvincent-tridek-naŭonoj, 23/4539. Duone vera (or duonvera), half-true. Tri-kvaronoj da funto (or trikvaronfuntoj), ¾ lb. Duono da funto (or duonfunto), ½ lb.

Multiples, Collectives, and Distributives.

Multiple Numbers are formed from the Cardinals by adding the suffix -obl, with the requisite grammatical ending o, a, or e. Thus: duobla, double; duoblo, a double; duoble, doubly; tridekoble, thirty-fold; sesoble naŭ estas (or faras) kvindek kvar, six nines are fifty-four; duoble du estas kvar, twice two are four.

Collective Numerals are formed by the addition of the suffix -op (plus the grammatical termination required). Thus: duope, two at a time, two together; naŭope, nine at a time; ili venadis dekope, they came in tens; dumilopa taĉmento, a detachment two thousand strong.

Distributives are shown by the preposition po, meaning at the rate of. Thus: li aĉetis por ĉiu infano po ses pomoj, he bought six apples for each child; li ricevas po dek ŝilingoj por ĉiu tago, he gets ten shillings a day; la vagonaro veturas po sesdek mejloj en ĉiu horo (or ĉiuhore), the train travels at (the rate of) sixty miles an hour, etc.

The Pronoun.

The Personal Pronouns are, in the nominative: Mi, I; vi, you (sing. and pl.); ni, we; li, he; ŝi, she; ĝi, it; ili, they.

The archaic English thou may be translated by ci.

The Accusative case of the personal pronouns is formed like that of nouns and adjectives, by adding -n. Thus: Min, me; vin, you; nin, us; lin, him; ŝin, her; ĝin, it; ilin, them.

The Reflexive Pronoun of the 3rd person is si (accusative sin), standing for himself, herself, itself, one's-self, or themselves, as the case may be. There is no special reflexive form for the pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person, I, we, and you.

The Indefinite Personal Pronoun is oni (= the French on)—one, people, they, you. Ex.: Li amas sin, he loves himself; ŝi amas sin, she loves herself; ĝi montras sin, it shows itself; ili diras al si, they say to themselves; oni vidas sin, one sees one's-self; mi lavas min, I wash myself; vi laŭdas vin, you praise yourself.

Possessive Adjectives or Pronouns.

By adding the adjectival ending -a to the personal pronouns, the Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns are obtained. Thus: Mia, my, mine; cia, thy, thine; via, your, yours; nia, our, ours; lia, his; ŝia, her, hers; ĝia, its; sia (reflexive), his, her(s), its, their(s), one's.

Note the following use of sia. In English the sentence, "He saw his friend with his brother," is not clear. Does it mean that he saw his friend (1) with his friend's brother, or (2) with his own brother? In Esperanto, the use of sia makes the meaning quite clear; (1) would be: Li vidis sian amikon kun LIA frato, and (2) would be: Li vidis sian amikon kun SIA frato.

The word mem, meaning -self or -selves, may be added to a personal pronoun to give emphasis. Thus: Konu vin mem, know thyself; li iris mem, he went himself; li mem, himself; li parolis al si mem, he spoke to himself.

Like other adjectives, possessives agree in case and number with the noun to which they refer. Ex.:

lia libro, his book; liaj libroj, his books;

ŝi havas lian, kaj li havas ŝian, she has his, and he has hers;

liaj estas la plej bonaj libroj, his are the best books;

mi preferas miajn, I prefer mine; li preferas siajn, he prefers his;

ili preferas siajn, they prefer theirs.

Demonstrative Adjective or Pronoun.

The Demonstrative Adjective and Pronoun "that" is rendered in Esperanto by the word tiu (acc. tiun); plural tiuj (acc. tiujn), those. The addition (either before or after) of the particle ĉi to the singular and plural respectively, gives this and these. Ex.:

Tiu viro, that man. Tiu estas mia, that (one) is mine.

Mi elektas tiun, I choose that (one).

Mi preferas tiun ĉi (or ĉi tiujn), I prefer this (one).

Tiuj ĉi (or ĉi tiuj) estas miaj, these are mine.

Mi portos tiujn ĉi, I will carry these.

Interrogative Pronouns.

Kiu?—who, which? Plural, kiuj? Kio?—what? Kies?—whose? Al kiu?—to whom? Kiun?—whom? (acc.), kiujn? (acc. plu.). Ex.:

Kiu estas tiu?—who is that?

Kiun vi deziras vidi?—whom do you desire to see?

Kiuj foriris?—which (ones) went away?

Kiujn vi vidis?—which ones did you see?

Kiu is also used with Adjectival meaning. Thus: Kiu libro estas via?—which book is yours? Kiun libron vi preferas?—which book do you prefer? Kiuj domoj apartenas al vi?—which houses belong to you? Kiujn stratojn vi konas?—which streets do you know? Kio estas tio?—what is that? Kion li volas?—what does he want?

The English -ever is translated by ajn. For example: Kiu ajn li estas, ne parolu al li, whoever he be, do not speak to him. Kies ajn, whosesoever. Kiu(j)n ajn, whomever.

Relative Pronouns.

The Relative Pronouns are identical with the Interrogative: Kiu(j), who, that, which, kiu(j)n, whom, that, which. Ex.:

La libro, kiun vi legas, the book (which) you are reading.

Tiu, kiu parolis al vi, the one who spoke to you.

La personoj, kiujn li konas, the persons (whom) he knows.

Tio, kion li diras, ne estas vera, what he says is not true.

La arbo, kies supron vi vidas, the tree whose top you can see.

Indefinite Pronouns.

iu (acc. iun), anyone, someone or other;

ies, anyone's, someone's;

iuj (acc. iujn), any persons, some persons or other;

io (acc. ion), anything, something.

ĉiu (acc. ĉiun), everyone, each;

ĉies, everyone's, everybody's, each one's;

ĉiuj (acc. ĉiujn), everybody, all;

ĉio (acc. ĉion), everything, all.

neniu (acc. neniun), no one, nobody;

nenies, no one's, nobody's;

nenio (acc. nenion), nothing, not anything.

Note.—Iu, ĉiu, and neniu are also used with nouns. Thus: Kiun libron vi deziras? Which book do you desire? Iun ajn libron. Any book. Iu homo, any man, some man or other. Ĉiu bona patro amas siajn infanojn, every good father loves his children. Ĉiuj liaj amikoj (or ĉiu lia amiko), all his friends, every friend of his. Mi renkontis neniun amikon, I met no friend.

Other Pronominal Words and Expressions are:

multaj(n), many; multo(n), much; malmultaj(n), malmulte da…, a few. Ex.: malmultaj personoj, few persons; malmulte da scio, little knowledge.

kelkajn, some, several; kelke da…, some. Ex.: kelkaj personoj, some persons, several persons; kelke da libroj, some (quantity of) books.

alia(n), another, other; aliaj(n), others. Ex.: ili parolis unu al alia, they spoke to one another; ni parolis unu al la alia, we spoke to each other; unu aŭ la alia taŭgos, either (one or the other) will do; nek unu nek la alia konvenas, neither (one nor the other) is suitable.

ambaŭ (invariable), both. Ex.: ambaŭ venis, both came; mi konas ambaŭ fratojn, I know both brothers; mi vidis ilin ambaŭ, I saw both of them; mi ŝatas ambaŭ, I like both.

The Verb.

Tenses.

The Verb in Esperanto has three main Tenses—the Present, Past, and Future. These are denoted by means of the verbal endings -as, -is, and -os. Thus, from the root vid, see, are formed:

Present. | Past. | Future.
mi vidas, I see | mi vidis, I saw | mi vidos, I shall see

Moods.

Every Esperanto verb has three Moods—the Conditional, the Imperative, and the Infinitive, which are formed respectively by means of the endings -us, -u, and -i. Thus:

Conditional. | Imperative. | Infinitive.
mi vidus, I should see | vidu, see! | vidi, to see

The Conditional Mood is used to express supposition; the three Tenses, on the other hand, are used to express facts or actual happenings. (For examples, see "Conjunctions," page 83.)

The Imperative Mood is used to express an order, desire, wish, will, etc. (See page 84.) Used with the personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons, this mood corresponds to the English let, used as an expression of a wish. Thus: mi pensu, let me think; li venu morgaŭ, let him come to-morrow; ili parolu, let them speak.

Note that let sometimes means to allow, to give leave, in which case the verb lasi is used. Thus: let (allow) him come, lasu lin veni; leave it there, lasu ĝin tie.

The Imperative may be used interrogatively to translate the English shall, with an idea of wish or desire. Thus:

What shall I give you? Kion mi donu al vi?

What shall we do to-day? Kion ni faru hodiaŭ?

What will he do? would of course be simply Kion li faros?—for there is here no question of desire or wish, but merely a question of future action.

The Infinitive Mood is used to express the mere idea of the verb, without any limit of person or number, and corresponds to the English to before the verb. Thus: kuri, to run; paroli, to speak.

Note.—In Esperanto, as is largely the case in English, the mood and tense endings of the verb do not vary according to person or number. For instance: mi vidas, I see, li vidas, he sees; also ni vidis, we saw, ili vidis, they saw; vi vidos, you will see; oni vidos, one will see; ŝi vidus, she would see, vi vidus, you would see.

Participles.

There are in Esperanto six participles, three active and three passive, corresponding to three tenses. They are formed in the Active by means of the endings -ant, -int, and -ont, and in the Passive by means of the endings -at, -it, -ot, with the addition of the adjectival termination -a. Thus:

Active. | Present. | Past. | Future.
| vidanta, seeing | vidinta, having-seen | vidonta, about-to-see
Passive. |  |  |
| vidata, (being) seen | vidita, (having-been) seen | vidota, (about-to-be) seen

The Participles may be used either as Nouns, Adjectives, or Adverbs, the terminations -o, -a, -e being added to the participial endings as required. When used as nouns or adjectives, they of course take the sign of the Plural (-j) and of the Accusative (-n) when the construction of the sentence so requires. Ex.:

(1) Active. En la venonta jaro, in the coming year. La parolanto, the speaker. La aŭskultantoj, the audience (lit., listeners). Mi vidis lin skribantan, I saw him writing. Li foriris kurante, he went off at a run. Li revenis ne vidinte sian amikon, he returned without having seen his friend.

(2) Passive. La ekzamenato, the examinee. La mortigitoj kaj vunditoj, the killed and wounded. Estimata sinjoro, dear (lit., esteemed) sir. Frapote, li sin defendis, about to be struck, he defended himself. Mi aŭdis tiun himnon kantatan, I heard that hymn sung.

Compound Tenses.

The Compound Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb esti, to be. Thus, by the combination of the participles with the six tenses and moods, we obtain thirty-six compound tenses, enabling us to express with the utmost precision any time-relation whatsoever. We have in all:

li estas,
or estus,
or estis,
or estu,
or estos
or esti
vidanta or vidata
vidinta or vidita
vidonta or vidota

The use of the participles is very easy when once one grasps the fact that the auxiliary esti serves to denote the particular division of time, or the particular manner, of the occurrence of the action denoted by the participle. Ex.:

Li estis skribanta, kiam mi vidis lin, he was writing when I saw him.

Li estis fininta, kiam mia amiko alvenis, he had finished (lit., was having finished) when my friend arrived.

Mi estis tuj forironta, kiam vi aperis, I was just about to go out when you appeared.

Li estas nunmomente parolanta, he is speaking at this very moment.

Li estas mortonta, he is about to die.

Li estus jam foririnta, he would have already departed (lit., would be already gone away).

The word by after a Passive is translated by the preposition de. Thus: The wood was being chopped by the boy, la ligno estis hakata de la knabo. He has been seen by all, li estas vidita de ĉiuj.

Note.—The Compound Tenses should not be used if the Simple Tenses suffice to show the meaning clearly. Thus, I have seen him is more neatly expressed by mi jam vidis lin than by mi estas vidinta lin. Li jam foriris might stand for either he had gone or he has gone, according to circumstances, and the context would clearly show which was meant. Li parolas is generally quite right for he is speaking. Li estas parolanta should be used only when it is particularly intended to show that he is actually engaged in the act of speaking.

The Adverb.

In Esperanto, Adverbs are denoted by the ending -e, and may be placed in any position, either before or after the verb. Thus: bela, beautiful—bele, beautifully; vera, true—vere, truly. Li parolas saĝe, he speaks wisely. Li rapide kuras, he runs quickly.

Adverbial Numbers.

Adverbial Numbers are formed by adding -e to the Cardinals. Thus: unue (1e), firstly; trie (3e), thirdly; sepe (7e), etc.

The Preposition.

In English, one preposition often has many different meanings. In Esperanto, on the contrary, every preposition, with the exception of the word je, has one precise and fixed meaning.

The preposition je is the only one in Esperanto without a definite meaning. It sometimes happens that one wishes to use a preposition of some sort or other, but is uncertain just which preposition will precisely express the idea. In such cases je is used. Thus: He laughed at me, li ridis je mi; full of water, plena je akvo; six metres long, longa je ses metroj; fear of him, timo je li, etc.

Je should not be abused. Its too frequent use is a mark of the beginner in the language.

Use of Accusative.

When there is no ambiguity to be feared, the preposition je, and even other prepositions, are often omitted in Esperanto; and the word to which the preposition, if expressed, would have referred is put into the accusative. Thus, instead of saying li ridas je mi (he is laughing at me), one might say li ridas min; similarly, du metrojn alta would stand for alta je du metroj. Ĝi kostis je tri ŝilingoj is more usually expressed: ĝi kostis tri ŝilingojn. Mi restis tie dum kvin horoj (I stayed there for five hours) could be: mi restis tie kvin horojn; and so on.

Certain prepositions, viz., antaŭ, before, ĉe, at, en, in, sub, under, sur, on, kontraŭ, against, super, over, and trans, across, are often used to denote movement towards, whereas of themselves they only express rest at. In order to make it quite clear whether motion or rest is intended, use is made of the accusative. Thus: li promenis en la urbo, he took a walk in the city; but li promenis en la urbon, he took a walk into the city. Li kuris antaŭ mi, he ran (along) before or in front of me; but li paŝis antaŭ min, he stepped in front of me; and so on.

Adverbs are sometimes used with prepositional force. Thus: proksime de la domo, near the house; dekstre de la arbo, on the right of the tree, etc.

The Conjunction.

A full list of Conjunctions will be found on page 72. The following constructions should be noted:

Tenses after Ke (that).

Mi vidis, ke ŝi ploras, I saw (that) she was crying.

Mi sciis, ke li venos, I knew that he would come.

Mi sciis, ke li jam alvenis, I knew (that) he had already arrived.

Li diris, ke se li estus tiel granda, kiel mi, li facile farus tion, he said that if he were as tall as I, he would easily do that.

Note that in Esperanto the verb is put in the exact time or tense used by the speaker. Thus: mi ne sciis, ĉu li venos, I did not know whether he would (lit., will) come; ili ne diris, ĉu ili vin renkontis, they did not say whether they had met you.

Use of Imperative.

After verbs expressing wish, intention, will, or desire, or command, the verb following is put in the Imperative Mood. Thus: mi ordonas, ke li venu, I order that he come (him to come); mi tre deziris, ke li vivu, I very much wanted him to live; ili intencis, ke ni perdu, they intended us to lose. Here the actual expressions used were: li venu, li vivu, ili perdu.

Use of Conditional after Se.

Se vi tiel diris, vi malprave faris, if you spoke thus you did wrongly.

Se vi tiel dirus, vi estus malprava, if you said (were to say) thus, you would be wrong.

Se vi venos, vi vidos, if you (will) come, you will see.

Interjections.

The following are the principal Interjections:

adiaŭ! | adieu! farewell!
ah! | ah!
antaŭen! | forward!
atentu! | look out!
bis! | encore!
bone! | good!
certe! | certainly!
ĉu ne? or ĉu ne vere? | is not that so?
ĉu vere? | is that so?
efektive! | indeed!
fi! | fie!
for! | away! be off!
ha! | ha!
halt! | halt!
he! | hey! halloo!
ho! | oh!
ho ve! | alas!
hontinde! | shameful!
jen! | there!
kompreneble! | naturally! of course!
ne! | no!
neeble! | impossible!
nu! | well!
rapide! | quick!
rapidu! | hurry up!

Formation of Words.

In Esperanto, considerable use is made of prefixes and suffixes, every one of which has a clear, fixed meaning. Great economy of vocabulary is thus effected, one root-word in Esperanto sufficing, when modified by suitable affixes, to translate many English words. Many of the affixes are often met with as single words. In such cases the English translation is added after the various examples of the affix in question.

Prefixes.

bo- denotes Relationship by Marriage: patro, father, bopatro, father-in-law; filo, son, bofilo, son-in-law.

dis- denotes Separation: ĵeti, to throw, disĵeti, to scatter, throw about; peli, to drive along, dispeli, to dispel, fali, to fall, disfali, to fall apart, fall to pieces.

ek- denotes a Beginning of an Action, a Momentary Action: iri, to go, ekiri, to begin to go, to start; brili, to shine, ekbrili, to begin to shine, to flash.

ge- denotes the Two Sexes Taken Together: patro, father, gepatroj, father and mother, parents; frato, brother, gefratoj, brother(s) and sister(s); Gesinjoroj B., Mr. and Mrs. B.

mal- denotes the Opposite of an Idea: bona, good, malbona, bad; ŝati, to like, malŝati, to dislike; amiko, friend, malamiko, enemy; laŭta, loud, mallaŭte, softly.—Malo, an opposite; male, on the contrary.

pra- is a prefix of Relationship, corresponding to the English FORE-, GREAT-: patro, father, prapatro, forefather, ancestor; avo, grandfather; praavo, great-grandfather; nepo, grandson, pranepo, great-grandson.

re- denotes Return and Repetition: iri, to go, reiri, to go back, or to go again; repreni, to take back; revidi, to see again.—Ree, again.

Suffixes.

-aĉ denotes that a word is used in a Bad Sense, with Disparagement: domo, a house, domaĉo, a hovel; ridi, to laugh, ridaĉi, to sneer.

-ad denotes Continuation or Duration of an action: paroli, to speak, paroladi, to make a speech; kanto, a song, kantado, singing; vojaĝo, a voyage, vojaĝado, travelling; rido, a laugh, ridado, laughter.

-aĵ denotes some Concrete Thing characterized by the idea contained in the root: bela, beautiful, belaĵo, a beautiful thing; nutri, to feed, nourish, nutraĵo (or nutrantaĵo), food; ĝentila, polite, ĝentilaĵo, a polite act, act of politeness; bovo, ox, bovaĵo, beef.—Aĵo, a thing.

-an denotes a Partisan of, a Member, an Inhabitant: Kristo, Christ, Kristano, a Christian; eklezio, a church, ekleziano, a churchman; Londonano, a Londoner.—Ano, a member.

-ar denotes a Collection of, a Number of: arbo, tree, arbaro, a forest; homo, a human being, homaro, mankind; vorto, a word, vortaro, a dictionary.—Aro, a collection, number, gathering.

-ĉj added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to denote Masculine Diminutives of Endearment: Johano, John, Joĉjo, Jack; patro, father, paĉjo, papa, daddy.

-ebl denotes Possibility, and corresponds to the English suffixes -ABLE, -IBLE: kredi, to believe, kredebla, credible; videbla, visible; al, to, iri, to go, alirebla, accessible.

-ec denotes Abstract Ideas, Qualities and corresponds to the English suffixes -NESS, -SHIP, etc.: feliĉa, happy, feliĉeco, happiness; alta, high, alteco, height; reĝo, king, reĝeco, kingship.

-eg denotes Augmentation, Intensity of Degree: granda, big, great, grandega, enormous; bela, beautiful, belega, magnificent; ŝtono, stone, ŝtonego, rock; pafilo, a gun, pafilego, cannon.

-ej denotes a Place specially set apart for or allotted to: preĝi, to pray, preĝejo, church; manĝi, to eat, manĝejo, refectory; kuirejo, kitchen; enirejo, entrance; elirejo, exit.

-em denotes Propensity, Inclination, Disposition: paroli, to talk, parolema, talkative; mensogi, to lie, mensogema, untruthful.

-er denotes an Element of, a Unit, a Grain: polvo, dust, polvero, a grain of dust; fajrero, a spark; hajlero, hailstone; mono, money, monero, a coin.—Ero, particle, grain, element.

-estr denotes a Chief, Leader, Head: regno, state; regnestro, head of the state, ruler; lernejo, school, lernejestro, head-master.—Estro, leader, chief; estraro, the authorities; estri, to act as chief.

-id denotes a Descendant, Offspring, Young of: bovo, ox, bovido, calf; ŝafo, a sheep, ŝafido, lamb; Izraelido, Israelite; la homidoj, the sons of man; Sro. Brown kaj la Brownidoj, Mr. Brown and the little Browns.—Ido, a descendant, child; idaro, descendants, offspring.

-et denotes Diminution of Degree (compare -eg above): bela, beautiful, beleta, pretty; venteto, breeze; ridi, to laugh, rideti, to smile; bona, good, boneta, fairly good, mediocre.—Eta, tiny.

-ig denotes a Making, Rendering, Causing to Be: granda, great, grandigi, to enlarge; venigi kuraciston, to send for (cause to come) a doctor; halti, to stop (intr.), haltigi, to stop (tr.); tranĉigi al si la harojn, to get one's hair cut.—Igi, to make, render.

-iĝ denotes a Becoming, Getting, Growing, Being made: hela, bright, heliĝi, to grow or become bright; ruĝa, red, ruĝiĝi, to redden, blush; disiĝi, to separate (intr.).—Iĝi, to become.

With transitive verbs iĝ- is used to make intransitive verbs, thus: renversi, to overthrow, turn upside down, renversiĝi, to turn (intr.) upside down, to get overthrown; fari, to make, fariĝi, to become; perdiĝi, to get lost; vidiĝi, to be seen.

Used with intransitive verbs, iĝ- gives the idea of a becoming, a Gradual Transition from one state to another: morti, to die, mortiĝi, to become dead, to die away, to expire; sidi, to be seated, sidiĝi, to become seated, to sit down.

Note that, since verbs in -iĝ are of necessity intransitive, their participles should only be used in the active form. Thus: renversiĝinta, having become overthrown, and not renversiĝita; perdiĝinta, having become lost, not perdiĝita; and so on. One might of course simply say renversita, overthrown, and perdita, lost, though the meaning would in that case not be quite the same.

-il denotes an Instrument, Tool, or Means: tranĉi, to cut, tranĉilo, a knife; filtri, to filter, filtrilo, a filter; teni, to hold, tenilo, a handle.—Ilo, tool, instrument; ilaro, set of tools.

-ind denotes Worthiness (English -WORTHY): laŭdi, to praise, laŭdinda, praiseworthy; vidinda, worth seeing, vidindaĵoj, things worth seeing, sights.—Inda (je), worthy (of); indeco, worthiness.

-ing denotes the Holder of a Single Object (compare -uj below): plumo, pen, plumingo, penholder; fingro, finger, fingringo, thimble; cigaringo, cigar-holder.—Ingo, a socket, holder.

-in denotes Feminines: viro, a man, virino, a woman; patro, father, patrino, mother.—Ino, a female.

-ist denotes Trade, Occupation, Profession: labori, to work, laboristo, workman; kuraci, to treat (medically), kuracisto, doctor.

-nj added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to form Feminine Diminutives of Endearment (compare -ĉj above): Johanino, Jane, Johanjo, Jenny; patrino, mother, panjo, mamma.

-uj denotes a Receptacle which contains or bears a Collection or a Quantity of things or material (compare -ing above): mono, money, monujo, purse; inko, ink, inkujo, inkstand.—Ujo, a utensil case, bin.

The suffix -uj is also used to denote Trees bearing certain fruits: pomo, apple, pomujo, apple-tree; ĉerizujo, cherry-tree; rozujo, rose-bush. The word arbo, however, is more frequently used in such cases: pomarbo, rozarbeto, etc.

-Uj is also used to denote the Names of Countries: Anglo, Englishman, Anglujo, England; Franco, a Frenchman, Francujo, France. (See footnote 4, p. 40.)

-ul denotes a Being characterised by the Idea contained in the Root-word: bela, beautiful, belulino, a beautiful woman, a beauty; kulpo, blame, kulpulo, culprit; laŭdindulo, one worthy to be praised; bonulo, a good fellow; bonegulo, a jolly good fellow.

-um is an Indefinite Suffix, like the word je among the prepositions, Thus: pleni, to fill, plenumi, to fulfil (compare plenigi, to fill); kolo, neck, kolumo, collar; aero, air, aerumi, to air (a room, clothes, etc.).

[Words containing -um should be learnt as independent roots.]

Compound Words.

In Esperanto, any word can be combined with any other word or words to form a compound word. Considerable use is made of prepositions for this purpose. The requisite grammatical ending must of course be added in each case. The student should carefully study the following words, and also those given above, and endeavour to form words for himself.9 Ability to form words readily is absolutely necessary to fluent speech or composition in the language. In the examples given below the component parts of the words are separated by a small stroke ('), but these are of course omitted in ordinary usage:

El'iri, | to go out
antaŭ'ĉambro, | antechamber
pri'pensi, | to think over, reflect upon
preter'paŝi, | to pass by
per'labori, | to earn (gain by working)
per'forto, | violence
tra'vivi, | to live through, experience
supre'n'iri, | to go up, ascend
inter'rompi, | to interrupt
kun'veno, | an assembly, meeting
al'paroli, | to address, accost
inter'rilati, | to relate one with another
inter'rilatoj, | inter-relations
inter'nacia, | international
skrib(o)'tablo, | writing-table
dorm(o)'ĉambro, | bedroom
naz'tuko, | handkerchief
ter'tremo, | earthquake
glit'iri, | to skate
glit'veturilo, | a sleigh
pied'ir'anto, | a pedestrian
bru'fermi, | to slam
facil'mova, | agile, easy-moving
hom'amo, | philanthropy
bon'far'anto, | benefactor
strat'lanterno, | street-lamp
bot'far'isto, | bootmaker
sam'profesi'anoj, | members of the same profession
ĉio'potenca, | all-powerful
libr'amanto, | a book-lover
doktor'edzino, | doctor's wife
mon'akir'ilo, | a means of getting money
ĉio'n'faranta, | all-doing
alt'anima, | high-souled
vivi'pova, | capable of life
ali'landulo, | foreigner
ali'maniere, | in another way
tiu'speca, | of that kind

CORRELATIVE WORDS.

INDEFINITE
Interrog. Rel. K
Demonstrative T
Distributive Ĉ
Negative NEN

QUALITY
IA
Some (kind of)
Any (kind of)
KIA
What (sort of)?

TIA
That sort of
Such (a)
ĈIA
Each kind of
Every (kind of)
NENIA
No (kind of)

REASON
IAL
For some reason
For any reason
KIAL
For what reason?
Why?
TIAL
For that reason
Therefore
ĈIAL
For every reason
On every account
NENIAL
For no reason
On no account

TIME
IAM
At some time
Sometimes, ever
KIAM
At what time?
When?
TIAM
At that time
Then
ĈIAM
At all times
Always, each time
NENIAM
At no time
Never

PLACE
IE
At any place
Somewhere
KIE
At what place?
Where?
TIE
In that place
There
ĈIE
At each place
Everywhere
NENIE
At no place
Nowhere

MANNER
IEL
In some way
anyhow
KIEL
In what way?
How? Like, as
TIEL
In that way
So, thus, as
ĈIEL
In every way
In each way
NENIEL
In no way
Nohow

POSSESSION
IES
Somebody's
Anybody's
KIES
Whose?
What person's?
TIES
That one's
That person's
ĈIES
Everyone's
Each one's
NENIES
Nobody's
No one's

THING
IO
Something
Anything
KIO
What (thing)?

TIO
That (thing)

ĈIO
All
Everything
NENIO
Nothing
Nought

QUANTITY
IOM
Some
A little
KIOM
How much?
What Quantity?
TIOM
So much
That quantity
ĈIOM
All
The whole quantity
NENIOM
None

INDIVIDUALITY
IU
Anyone
KIU
What person?
TIU
That one
ĈIU
Everyone, every
NENIU
Nobody, no one

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND SENTENCES.

Useful and Necessary Expressions.
(Utilaj kaj Necesaj Esprimoj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Do you speak English? | Ĉu vi parolas angle? | choo vee pahro'lahss ahn'gleh?
I do not speak English. | Mi ne parolas angle. | mee neh pahro'lahss ahn'gleh
Is there anyone here who speaks Esperanto? | Ĉu estas ĉi tie iu, kiu parolas Esperante? | choo eh'stahss chee tee'eh ee'oo, kee'oo pahro'lahss espehrahn'teh?
How long have you learnt? | Dum kiom da tempo vi lernadis? | doom kee'ohm dah tehm'po vi lehrnah'deess?
A short time only | Dum nur mallonga tempo | doom noor mahl-lohn'gah tehmpo
You have a good accent | Vi havas bonan akcenton | vee ha'vahss boh'nahn ahk-tsehn'ton
I find the pronunciation very easy | Mi trovas la elparoladon tre facila | mee tro'vahss lah ehl-parolah'dohn treh faht-see'lah
If you please | Se plaĉas | seh plah'chahss
Thank you; thanks! | Mi dankas; dankon! | mee dahn'kahss; dahn'kohn!
I thank you | Mi dankas vin | mee dahn'kahss veen
Much obliged | Vi estas tre kompleza | vee eh'stahss treh kohmpleh'zah
Have the goodness | Havu la bonecon | hah'voo lah bo-neht'sohn
Yes, sir | Jes, sinjoro | yehss, seen-yoh'roh
Yes, miss | Jes, fraŭlino | yehss, frahw-lee'no
No, madam | Ne, sinjorino | neh, seen-yoh-ree'no
Allow me | Permesu (min) | pehrmeh'soo (meen)
Bring me | Alportu al mi | ahlpohr'too ahl mee
Do you understand? | Ĉu vi komprenas? | choo vee kohmpreh'nahss?
I do not understand | Mi ne komprenas | mee neh kohm-preh'nahss
I understand | Mi komprenas | mee kohm-preh'nahss
Give me | Donu al mi | doh'noo ahl mee
Send me | Sendu al mi | sehn'doo ahl mee
Tell me | Diru al mi | deer'oo ahl mee
Will you kindly tell me? | Ĉu vi afable dirus al mi? | choo vee ahfah'bleh deer'ooss ahl mee?
What do you say? | Kion vi diras? | kee'ohn vee deer'ahss?
I beg your pardon | Mi petas vian pardonon | mee peh'tahss vee'ahn pahrdoh'nohn
Speak louder | Parolu pli laŭte | pa-ro'loo plee lah'w-teh
What did you ask? | Kion vi demandis? | kee'ohn vee deh-mahn'deess?
What does it signify? | Kion tio signifas? | kee'ohn tee'oh signee'fahss?
It is nothing | (Ĝi) estas nenio | (jee) eh'stahss neh-nee'o
It is all the same to me | Estas por mi indiferente | ehstahss pohr mee indifehrehn'teh
Never mind | Ne zorgu pri tio | neh zor'goo pree tee'oh
What is the matter? | Kio estas? | kee'oh eh'stahss?
Nothing | Nenio | nehnee'oh
It is all a mistake | Estas pura eraro | eh'stahss poor'ah ehrahr'oh
What is it about? | Pri kio estas? | pree kee'oh eh'stahss?
What is to be done? | Kion fari? | kee'ohn fahr'ee?
I haven't a notion | Mi tute ne scias | mee too'teh neh stsee'ahs
That depends | Tio dependas | tee'oh dehpehn'dahss
I don't believe it | Mi ne kredas ĝin | mee neh kred'ahss jeen
Of course | Kompreneble | kohmpreh-neh'bleh
On the contrary | Kontraŭe | kohntrah'weh
Once for all | Unu fojon por ĉiam | oonoo foyohn por chee'ahm
After all | Kiam ĉio estas konsiderita | kee'ahm chee'oh eh'stahss kohn-seedeh-ree'tah
That is of no consequence | Tio ne estas grava | tee'oh neh eh'stahss grah'vah
The other day | La alian tagon | lah ahlee'ahn tah'gohn
At the end of a year | Post unu jaro | post oo'noo yah'ro
Between ourselves | Inter ni | in'tehr nee
Everybody knows | Ĉiu scias | chee'oo stsee'ahss
I remember it | Mi memoras tion | mee meh-mohr'ahss tee'ohn
All at once | Subite | soobee'teh
Sooner or later | Frue aŭ malfrue | froo'eh ahw mahlfroo'eh
Ever so little | Tre tre malmulte | treh treh mahl-mool'teh
You are joking | Vi ŝercas | vee shehrt'sahss
You are right | Vi estas prava | vee eh'stahss pra'vah
Leave me alone | Lasu min trankvila | lahsoo meen trahnkvee'lah
Don't be angry | Ne koleru | neh ko-lehr'oo
So much the more | Tiom pli | tee'ohm plee
For want of time | Pro manko de tempo | pro mahn'ko deh tehm'po
Take this | Prenu tion | preh'noo tee'ohn
Make haste! | Rapidu! | rahpee'doo!
Come along! | Venu! | veh'noo!
Take care! | Zorge! | zohr'gheh!
Look out! | Atentu! | ahtehn'too!
Listen! | Aŭskultu! | ahw-skool'too!
Come in! | Eniru! | ehneer'oo!
(Come) here! | (Venu) tien ĉi! | (veh'noo) tee'ehn chee!
Go away! | Foriru! | for-eer'oo!
This way | Tien ĉi | tee'ehn chee
That way | Tien | tee'ehn
Too soon | Tro frue | tro froo'eh
Too late | Tro malfrue | tro mahl-froo'eh
Who is it calls me? | Kiu min vokas? | kee'oo meen vo'kahss?
What do you want? | Kion vi volas? | kee'ohn vee vo'lahss?
Would you kindly? | Ĉu vi afable…? | choo vee ahfah'bleh…?
Do your best | Faru vian eblon | fahroo vee'ahn eh'blohn
It only depends upon you | Tio dependas nur de vi | tee'oh dehpehn'dahss noor deh vee
With all my heart | Kun mia tuta koro | koon mee'ah too'tah kohr'oh
I am going to town | Mi iras urbon | mee eer'ahss oor'bohn
Are we going anywhere? | Ĉu ni ien iras? | choo nee ee'ehn eer'ahss?
Where have you come from? | De kie vi venis? | deh kee'eh vee veh'neess?
Don't go away | Ne foriru | neh for-eer'oo
I shall go home | Mi iros hejmen | mee eer'ohss heh'y-mehn
He has come back | Li revenis | lee rehveh'neess
He has just come in | Li ĵus eniris | lee zhooss ehneer'eess
On horseback | Surĉevale | soor-chehvah'leh
From top to bottom | De supre ĝis malsupre | deh soo'preh jees mahl-soo'preh
Upstairs | Supre | soo'preh
Downstairs | Malsupre | mahl-soo'preh
In some way or other | Iel | ee'ehl
In the meantime | Intertempe | in'tehr-tehm'peh
First of all | Unue | oonoo'eh
That is just like you! | Jen ja via maniero! | yehn yah vee'ah mah-nee-ehr'oh!
It is not my fault | Mi ne estas kulpa pri tio | mee neh eh'stahss kool'pah pree tee'oh
That is what vexes me | Jen kio min kolerigas | yehn kee'oh meen kol-ehree'gahss
Don't imagine that… | Ne imagu (al vi), ke… | neh imah'goo (ahl vee), keh…
What good is it? | Kion (ĝi) utilas? | kee'ohn jee ootee'lahss?
Where was I? | Kie mi estis? | kee'eh mee eh'steess?
As for me | Pri mi mem | pree mee mehm
He began to laugh | Li komencis ridi | lee komehnt'seess ree'dee
I cannot see any longer | Mi ne plu povas vidi | mee neh ploo po'vahss vee'dee
Three are enough for me | Tri sufiĉas por mi | tree soofee'chahss pohr mee
One is as good as the other | Unu estas tiel bona, kiel la alia | oo'noo eh'stahss tee'ehl bo'nah, kee'ehl la ah-lee'ah
Will you give me? | Ĉu vi donos al mi? | choo vee doh'nohss ahl mee?
Everything considered | Post plena konsiderado | post pleh'nah konsid-eh-rah'doh
I can do without it | Ĝi ne estas nepre necesa | jee neh eh'stahss neh'preh nehtseh'sah
I have been told | Oni diris al mi | o'nee deer'eess ahl mee
I have come to tell you | Mi venis por diri al vi | mee veh'neess por deer'ee ahl vee
I am sure of it | Mi estas certa pri tio | mee eh'stahss tsehr'tah pree tee'oh
I don't think much of it | Mi ne multe ŝatas ĝin | mee neh mool'teh shah'tahss jeen
I have nothing to say against it | Mi havas nenion por diri kontraŭ ĝi | mee hah'vahss nehnee'ohn pohr deeree kohn-trahw jee
As much as I can | Tiom, kiom mi povas | tee'ohm, kee'ohm mee po'vahss
I like being here | Mi ŝatas esti tie ĉi | mee shah'tahss eh'stee tee'eh chee
That comes to the same thing | Tio estas la sama afero | tee'oh eh'stahss la sahmah ahfeh'ro
It answers the purpose | Ĝi taŭgas por la celo | jee tah'w-gahss pohr la tseh'lo
I value it very much | Mi tre alte taksas ĝin | mee treh ahl'teh tahk'sahss jeen
I cannot do it | Mi ne povas fari ĝin | mee neh po'vahss fahr'ee jeen
I am used to it | Mi kutimas tion | mee kootee'mahss tee'ohn

Expressions of Emotion, etc.
(Esprimoj de Emocio, k.t.p.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
What is it? | Kio estas? | kee'oh eh'stahss?
Is it possible? | Ĉu (estas) eble? | choo (eh'stahss) eh'bleh?
Indeed! | Ĉu vere! | choo vehr'eh!
That is impossible | Tio estas neebla | tee'oh eh'stahss neh-eh'blah
That cannot be | Tio ne povas esti | tee'oh neh po'vahss eh'stee
I am sorry for it | Mi bedaŭras tion | mee behdahw'rahss tee'ohn
You surprise me | Vi surprizas min | vee soorpree'zahss min
Oh, it's nothing! | Oh, estas nenio! | oh, eh'stahss nehnee'oh!
I am quite vexed about it | Mi estas efektive kolera pri ĝi | mee eh'stahss ehfektee'veh ko-lehr'ah pree jee
How vexing! | Kiel malagrable! | kee'ehl mahlah-grah'bleh!
I am sorry | Mi tre bedaŭras | mee treh beh-dah'w-rahss
What a pity! | Kiel domaĝe! | kee'ehl domah'jeh!
It is a sad thing | Malĝoje estas | mahl-jo'yeh eh'stahss
I am very glad | Mi tre ĝojas | mee treh jo'yahss
It gives me much pleasure | Tio faras al mi multe da plezuro | tee'oh fah'rahss ahl mee mool'teh dah pleh-zoor'oh
How beautiful! | Kiel bela! | kee'ehl beh'lah!
What a shame! | Kia honto! | kee'ah hohn'toh!
How could you do so? | Kiel vi povis tiel fari? | kee'ehl vee po'veess tee'ehl fah'ree?
I am ashamed of you | Mi hontas pri vi | mee hohn'tahss pree vee
For shame! | Hontinde! | hohnteen'deh!
You are very much to blame | Vi estas tre kulpa | vee eh'stahss treh kool'pa
Don't apologise | Ne petu pardonon | neh peh'too pahr-dohn'ohn
I beg (your) pardon | Mi petas (vian) pardonon | mee peh'tahss (vee'ahn) pahr-doh'nohn
Pray don't mention it | Ne parolu pri tio, mi petas | neh pahro'loo pree tee'oh, mee peh'tahss

Enquiries.
(Demandoj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Will you kindly…? | Ĉu vi afable…? | choo vee ahfah'bleh…?
Do you understand me? | Ĉu vi min komprenas? | choo vee meen kohm-preh'nahss?
Do you hear me? | Ĉu vi aŭdas min? | choo vee ah'w-dahss meen?
What is that? | Kio estas tio? | kee'oh eh'stahss tee'oh?
What do you mean? | Kion vi volas diri? | kee'ohn vee vo'lahss deer'ee?
Are you sure? | Ĉu vi estas certa? | choo vee eh'stahss tsehr'tah?
Can I speak to (see) Mr. A.? | Ĉu mi povas paroli al (vidi) Sinjoro(n) A.? | choo mee po'vahss pah-ro'lee ahl (vee'dee) seen-yohr'oh(n) A.?
When does he return? | Kiam li revenos? | kee'ahm lee rehveh'nohss?
Where is…? | Kie estas…? | kee'eh eh'stahss…?
What do you call that? | Kiel vi nomas tion? | kee'ehl vee no'mahss tee'ohn?
What does that mean? | Kion tio signifas? | kee'ohn tee'oh signee'fahss?
What is that for? | Por kio estas tio? | pohr kee'oh eh'stahss tee'oh?
Who is that? | Kiu estas tiu? | kee'oo eh'stahss tee'oo?
Who is there? | Kiu estas tie? | kee'oo eh'stahss tee'eh?
Is that Mr. A.? | Ĉu tiu estas Sinjoro A.? | choo tee'oo eh'stahss seenyohr'oh A.?
Which is the way to…? | Kiu estas la vojo al…? | kee'oo eh'stahss la vo'yo ahl…?
How can I get to…? | Kiel mi povas iri al…? | kee'ehl mee po'vahss eer'ee ahl…?
Is there a conveyance? | Ĉu estas veturilo? | choo ehstahss veh-toor-ee'lo?

Public Notices.
(Publikaj Avizoj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Apartments to let | Luebla apartamento | loo-eh'blah apart-ah-mehn'toh
Dogs not admitted | Hundoj malpermesataj | hoon'doy mahlpehrmehsah'tahy
Entrance; exit | Enirejo; elirejo | ehneereh'yo; eleereh'yoh.
Fire alarm | Fajravertilo | fire-ahvehr-tee'lo
Free library | Senpaga biblioteko | sehnpah'gah beebleeoh-teh'ko
Furnished rooms | Meblitaj ĉambroj | mehblee'tahy chahm'broy
Knock; ring | Frapu; sonorigu | frah'poo; so-nohree'goo
No admittance | Eniro estas malpermesata | ehneer'oh eh'stahss mahlpehr-mehsah'tah
No road | Trairo malpermesata | trah-eer'oh mahlpehr-mehsah'tah
Keep off the grass | Ne iru sur la herbo | neh eer'oo soor lah hehr'boh
Refreshments | Bufedo | boo-feh'doh
No smoking allowed | Estas malpermesate fumi | estahss mahlpehr-meh-sah'teh foo'mee
Notice | Avizo | ahvee'zo
Please do not touch | Oni volu ne tuŝi | oh'nee vo'loo neh too'shee
Please wipe your feet | Oni estas petata viŝi la piedojn | ohnee ehstahss pehtah'tah, vee'shee lah pee-eh'doyn
Private | Privata | pree-vah'tah
Pull; push | Tiru; puŝu | teer'oo; poo'shoo
Road closed | Vojo fermita | vo'yo fehrmee'tah
Unfurnished rooms to let | Senmeblaj ĉambroj | sen-meh'blahy chahm'broy
Warning; caution | Averto; atentu | ahvehr'toh; ahtehn'too
Danger(ous) | Danĝero | dahn-jehr'oh

Travelling: By Railway.
(Veturado: per la Fervojo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 36.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
To the…station | Al la…stacio | ahl lah…staht-see'oh
Get my luggage; here is the ticket | Alportu miajn pakaĵojn; jen la bileto | ahlpohr'too mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn; yehn lah beeleh'toh
Here is my luggage | Jen miaj pakaĵoj | yehn mee'ahy pakah'zhoy
Take it to the cloakroom | Portu ilin al la deponejo | pohr'too eeleen ahl la dehponeh'yo
I wish to register my luggage for… | Mi deziras registri miajn pakaĵojn al… | mee dehzeer'ahss reh-ghis'tree mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn ahl…
The luggage is overweight | La pakaĵoj estas preter la pezo permesata | lah pakah'zhoy ehstahss preh'tehr lah peh'zo pehr-mehsah'tah
Where is the railway-station? | Kie estas la fervoja stacio? | kee'eh eh'stahss lah fehrvo'yah staht-see'oh?
— booking-office? | — biletejo? | — beeleh-teh'yo?
— enquiry office? | — informejo? | — infohrmeh'yo?
— ladies' waiting-room? | — atendejo de l' sinjorinoj? | — ahtehn-deh'yo dehl seenyohree'noy?
— refreshment room? | — bufedo? | — boofeh'doh?
— lavatory (w.c.)? | — necesejo? | — neht-sehseh'yo?
— train for…? | — vagonaro al…? | — vahgo-nah'roh ahl…?
Are you going by the express? | Ĉu vi veturos per la ekspreso? | choo vee vehtoor'ohss pehr la ekspreh'so?
When does the train start? | Kiam ekveturos la vagonaro? | kee'ahm ekvehtoor'ohss lah vahgo-nahr'oh?
Show me the timetable | Montru al mi la horlibron | mohn'troo ahl mee la hohr-lee'brohn
Can I book through to…? | Ĉu mi povas havi bileton rekte al…? | choo mee po'vahss hah'vee beeleh'tohn rek'teh ahl…?
I want a first-class (ticket) to… | Mi deziras unuaklasan bileton al… | mee dehzeer'ahss oon-oo'ah-klah'sahn bee-leh'tohn ahl…
Second return, Paris | Duaklasan iro-reiran, Parizo | doo'ah-klah'sahn eer'o-reh-eer'ahn, pahree'zo
Two third singles, Rome | Du triaklasajn irbiletojn, Romo | doo tree'ah-klah'sahyn eer-beeleh'toyn, ro'mo
One-and-a-half | Unu kaj duonon | oonoo kahy doo-oh'nohn
What is the fare to Bonn? | Kiom kostas la veturo al Bonno? | kee'ohm ko'stahss la vehtoor'oh ahl bonno?
What class, sir? | Kiu klaso, sinjoro? | kee'oh klah'so, seen-yohr'oh?
How much is it? | Kiom estas? | kee'ohm eh'stahss?
We want a sleeping carriage | Ni deziras dormkupeon | nee dehzeer'ahss dorm-koopeh'ohn
— a corridor carriage | — koridoran vagonon | — koridor'ahn vahgo'nohn
— a carriage for ladies | — kupeon rezervitan al sinjorinoj | — koopeh'ohn rehzehrvee'tahn ahl seenyoree'noy
— a smoking compartment | — kupeon por fumantoj | — koopeh'ohn pohr foo-mahn'toy
— a non-smoking compartment | — kupeon por nefumantoj | — koopeh'ohn pohr neh-foomahn'toy
— platform tickets | — peronbiletojn | — pehrohn'beeleh'toyn
Is this the train for…? | Ĉu tiu ĉi estas la vagonaro por…? | choo tee'oo chee eh'stahss lah vahgonahr'o pohr…?
Do I change anywhere on the journey? | Ĉu mi devos vagonŝanĝi dum la veturo? | choo mee deh'vohss vah-gohn-shahn'jee doom la vehtoor'o?
Where must I change for…? | Kie mi devas vagonŝanĝi por…? | kee'eh mee deh'vahss vahgohn-shahn'jee por…?
Is this seat engaged? | Ĉu tiu ĉi loko estas okupita? | choo tee'oo chee lo'ko eh'stahss okoopee'tah?
There is no room | Ne estas loko | neh eh'stahss lo'ko
The train is just going to start | La vagonaro tuj ekveturos | la vahgo-nahr'o too'y ehk-veh-toor'ohss
Call the guard | Alvoku la konduktoron | ahlvo'koo lah kondooktohr'ohn
Open the window | Malfermu la fenestron | mahlfehr'moo la fehneh'strohn
Close the door | Fermu la pordon | fehr'moo la pohr'dohn
Here is a station | Jen estas stacio | yehn eh'stahss stahtsee'oh
Do we stop here? | Ĉu ni haltas ĉi tie? | choo nee hahl'tahss chee tee'eh?
Do we get out here? | Ĉu ni devas tie ĉi elvagoniĝi? | choo nee deh'vahss tee'eh chee ehlvahgonee'jee?
Do we change carriages here? | Ĉu ni devas vagonŝanĝi ĉi tie? | choo nee deh'vahss vahgohn'shahn-jee chee tee'eh?
How long do we stop here? | Dum kiom da tempo ni haltos ĉi tie? | doom kee'ohm dah tehm'po nee hahl'tohss chee tee'eh?
Give up your ticket | Donu vian bileton | doh'noo vee'ahn beeleh'tohn
Here it is! | Jen! | yehn!
My luggage is lost | Miaj pakaĵoj estas perditaj | mee'ahy pakah'zhoy ehstahss pehrdee'tahy
Take your seats! | Envagoniĝu! | ehnvahgonee'joo!
Change for…! | Vagonŝanĝu por…! | vahgohn'shahnjoo por…!
All change! | Ĉiuj elvagoniĝu! | chee'oohy ehlvah-gonee'joo!
Show your tickets | Montru viajn biletojn | mohntroo vee'ahyn beeleh'toyn
All tickets must be shown | Ĉiu devas montri sian bileton | chee'oo dehvahss mohntree see'ahn beeleh'tohn
Tickets, please | La biletojn mi petas | la beeleh'toyn, mee pehtahss

Travelling: By Steamer.
(Veturado: per Vaporŝipo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 39.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Is this the boat for…? | Ĉu tiu ĉi estas la ŝipo por…? | choo tee'oo chee eh'stahss la shee'po por…?
Where is this boat going? | Kien iras ĉi tiu ŝipo? | kee'ehn eer'ahss chee tee'oo shee'po?
When do we start? | Kiam ni ekveturos? | kee'ahm nee ehkvehtoor'ohss?
When shall we arrive? | Kiam ni alvenos? | kee'ahm nee ahl-veh'nohss?
Time is up | Estas la horo | eh'stass la hohr'o
Where is your luggage? | Kie estas viaj pakaĵoj? | kee'eh eh'stahss vee'ahy pakah'zhoy?
Look for my things | Serĉu miajn aĵojn | sehr'choo mee'ahyn ah'zhoyn
There is another trunk | Estas ankoraŭ unu kofro | eh'stahss ahnkohr'ahw oo'noo ko'fro
Let us go down into the cabin | Ni malsupreniru en la kajuton | nee mahlsoo'prehneer'oo ehn la kahyoo'tohn
Where is my berth? | Kie estas mia dormujo? | kee'eh eh'stahss mee'ah dohr-moo'yo?
I want a cabin to myself | Mi deziras kajuton por mi sola | mee dehzeer'ahss kahyoo'tohn por mee so'la
Is the sea smooth? | Ĉu la maro estas trankvila? | choo la mah'ro ehstahss trahnk-vee'la?
The sea is rough | La maro estas maltrankvila | la mah'ro estahss mahltrahnk-vee'la
It is blowing a gale | Ventegas | vehnteh'gahss
I feel sick | Mi sentas naŭzon | mee sehn'tahss nahw'zohn
Can you get me some tea? | Ĉu vi povas havigi al mi iom da teo? | choo vee povahss havee'ghee ahl mee ee'ohm dah teh'oh?
Call the stewardess | Alvoku la servistinon | ahlvo'koo la sehrvistee'nohn
Where is the steward? | Kie estas la provizisto? | kee'eh eh'stahss la proveezist'o?
Where are we now? | Kie ni estas nun? | kee'eh nee eh'stahss noon?
We are nearly there | Ni preskaŭ alvenis | nee preh'skahw ahlveh'nees
Passengers are requested to keep clear of the gangway | La pasaĝeroj estas petataj, ne restadi sur la pasponteto | la pahsah-jehr'oy eh'stahss pehtah'tahy, neh rehstah'dee soor la pahss'pohnteh'toh

At the Custom House.
(Ĉe la Doganejo.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Come to the custom-house | Venu al la doganejo | veh'noo ahl la doh-gahneh'yo
The custom-house officer | La doganisto | lah doh-gahnist'oh
Have you your passport? | Ĉu vi havas vian pasporton? | choo vee ha'vahss veeahn pahsport'ohn?
Will you examine this trunk? | Ĉu vi vizitos tiun ĉi kofron? | choo vee veezee'tohs tee'oon chee ko'frohn?
Here are the keys | Jen la ŝlosiloj | yehn la shlo-see'loy
Open it | Malfermu ĝin | mahl-fehr'moo jeen
Unlock this box | Malfermu tiun ĉi skatolon | mahl-fehr'moo tee'oo chee skahtoh'lohn
Can I remove it? | Ĉu mi povas nun forporti ĝin? | choo mee po'vahss noon forport'ee jeen?
Have you anything to declare? | Ĉu vi havas ion deklarindan? | choo vee hah'vahss ee'ohn dehklarin'dahn?
I have nothing liable to duty | Mi havas nenion deklarindan | mee hah'vahss nehnee'ohn dehklarin'dahn
Have you any tobacco or cigars? | Ĉu vi havas tabakon aŭ cigarojn? | choo vee ha'vahss tahbah'kohn ahw tsee-gah'royn?
I have a few cigars | Mi havas kelkajn cigarojn | mee ha'vahss kehl'kahyn tsee-gah'royn
Those are free | Pri tiuj vi ne devas pagi | pree tee'ooy vee neh deh'vahss pah'ghee
Is that all? | Ĉu tio estas ĉio? | choo tee'oh eh'stahss chee'oh?
What is the duty? | Kiom estas la imposto? | kee'ohm eh'stahss la impoh'sto?
Is my luggage passed? | Ĉu oni vizitis miajn pakaĵojn? | choo oh'nee veezee'teess mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn?

Arrival.
(Alveno.)

(For Vocabulary see page 36.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Call a cab | Venigu fiakron | vehnee'goo feeah'krohn
Closed, open | Fermitan, malfermitan | fehrmee'tahn, mahl-
I want a hansom | Mi bezonas duradan fiakron | mee behzo'nahss doo-rah'dahn feeah'krohn
Get me a four-wheeler | Venigu kvarradan fiakron | vehnee'goo kvar-rah'dahn feeah'krohn
Cab, sir? | Veturilon, sinjoro? | vehtooree'lohn, seenyo'ro?
Put my luggage in the cab | Metu miajn pakaĵojn en la fiakron | meh'too mee'ahyn pak-ah'zhoyn ehn la fee-ah'krohn
Where do you want to go, sir? | Kien vi deziras iri, sinjoro? | kee'ehn vee dehzeer'ahss eer'ee, seen-yo'ro?
Drive me to… | Veturigu min al… | vehtoo-ree'goo min ahl…
Driver, what is the fare by the journey? | Veturigisto, po kiom kostas la veturo laŭ distanco? | vehtooreeg-ist'o, po kee-ohm ko'stahss la vehtoor'o lahw distahntso?
By the hour? | Laŭhore? | lahw-ho'reh?
Drive quickly | Veturigu rapide | vehtooree'goo rahpee'deh
Drive slower | — pli malrapide | — plee mahlrahpee'deh
Stop! Go on! | Haltu! Daŭrigu! | hahl'too! dahwree'goo!

'Bus and Tram.
(Omnibuso kaj Tramveturilo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 36.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Where can I get a 'bus to…? | Kie mi povas trafi omnibuson al…? | kee'eh mee po'vahss trah'fee omnee-boo'sohn ahl…?
Is there a 'bus to…? | Ĉu oni povas omnibuse veturi al…? | choo o'nee po'vahss omnee-boo'seh vehtoor'ee ahl…?
We will take a 'bus | Ni iros omnibuse | nee eer'ohss omneeboo'seh
The tram station | La tramstacio | la trahm'staht-see'oh
Cars stop here | Tramveturiloj haltas ĉi tie | trahm'vehtoo-ree'loy hahl'tahss chee tee'eh
Does this car go to…? | Ĉu tiu ĉi veturilo iras al…? | choo tee'oo chee vehtoo-ree'lo eer'ahss ahl…?
No, the next one | Ne, la sekvonta | neh, la sehkvohn'tah
Wait till the car stops | Atendu, ĝis la veturilo haltos | ahtehn'doo, jees la vehtoo-ree'lo hahltohss
Do you pass…? | Ĉu vi preterveturas…? | choo vee preh'tehr-veh-too'rahss…?
Put me down at… | Lasu min eliĝi ĉe… | lah'soo meen ehlee'jee cheh…
Give me a ticket | Donu al mi bileton | doh'noo ahl mee beeleh'tohn
Any more fares? | Ĉu ĉiuj pagis? | choo chee'ooy pah'gheess?
Tickets, please | La biletojn, mi petas | la beeleh'toyn, mee peh-tahss
Outside only | Nur ekstere | noor eksteh'reh
Full inside | Plena interne | pleh'nah intehr'neh

Hotel and Rooms.
(Hotelo kaj Ĉambroj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Which is the best hotel? | Kiu estas la plej bona hotelo? | kee'oo ehstahss la plehy' bo'nah hoteh'lo?
Furnished apartments | Meblita apartamento | mehblee'tah ahpartahmehn'toh
Apartments to let | Luebla apartamento | loo-eh'blah ahpartahmehn'toh
Unfurnished house | Nemeblita domo | nehmeh-blee'tah dohmo
Can I see your rooms? | Ĉu mi povas vidi viajn ĉambrojn? | choo mee po'vahss vee'dee vee'ahyn chahm'broyn?
Let me see the room | Montru al mi la ĉambron | mohn'troo ahl mee la chahm'brohn
What rooms do you want? | Kiujn ĉambrojn vi bezonas? | kee'ooyn chahm'broyn vee beh-zo'nahss?
I want a bedroom and sitting-room | Mi bezonas dormoĉambron kaj salonon | mee behzo'nahss dor'mo-chahm'brohn kahy saloh'nohn
What is the price of this room? | Kioma estas la prezo de tiu ĉambro? | kee'ohma eh'stahss la preh'zo deh tee'oo chahm'bro?
What do you charge? | Kiom vi postulas? | kee'ohm vee postoo'lahss?
I want a cheaper one | Mi deziras pli malkaran | mee dehzeer'ahss plee mahl-kah'rahn
That is too dear | Tio estas tro kara | tee'oh eh'stahss tro kah'rah
Have you a double-bedded room? | Ĉu vi havas dulitan ĉambron? | choo vee hah'vahss doolee'tahn chahm'brohn?
Are the beds well-aired? | Ĉu la litoj estas bone aerumitaj? | choo la lee'toy eh'stahss bo'neh ah-ehroomee'tahy?
We will take these rooms | Ni luos ĉi tiujn ĉambrojn | nee loo'ohss chee tee'ooyn chahm'broyn
How long do you want them for? | Dum kiom da tempo vi ilin bezonos? | doom kee'ohm dah tehm'po vee ee'leen behzo'nohss?
We shall stay a week | Ni restos dum unu semajno | nee reh'stohss doom oo'noo sehmahy'no
Are our rooms ready? | Ĉu niaj ĉambroj estas pretaj? | choo nee'ahy chahm'broy ehstahss prehtahy?
Let us have supper at once | Volu pretigu tuj nian vespermanĝon | vo'loo preh-tee'goo tooy nee'ahn vespehrmahn'john
Have you a table d'hôte? | Ĉu vi havas komunan manĝotablon? | choo vee hah'vahss komoo'nahn mahn'joh-tah'blohn?
Are there any letters for me? | Ĉu estas leteroj por mi? | choo eh'stahss lehtehr'oy pohr mee?
Can I have a warm bath? | Ĉu mi povas havi varman banon? | choo mee po'vahss ha'vee vahrmahn bahnohn?
Give me the key of my room | Donu al mi la ŝlosilon de mia ĉambro | doh'noo ahl mee la shlosee'lohn deh mee'ah chahm'bro
Bring me some warm water | Alportu al mi varman akvon | ahlport'oo ahl mee vahrmahn ahk'vohn
Where is the w.c.? | Kie estas la necesejo? | kee'eh ehstahss la nehtsehseh'yo?
Take my luggage down | Portu miajn pakaĵojn malsupren | port'oo mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn mahl-soo'prehn
Give me a candle | Donu al mi kandelon | doh'noo ahl mee kahndeh'lohn
I have no matches | Mi ne havas alumetojn | mee neh hah'vahss ahloomeh'toyn
Call me at seven | Veku min je la sepa | veh'koo min yeh la sehpah
We leave early to-morrow morning | Ni foriros frue morgaŭmatene | nee foreer'ohss froo'eh mor'gahw-mahteh'neh
My bill, please | La kalkulon, mi petas | la kahlkoo'lohn, mee peh'tahss

Breakfast.
(Matenmanĝo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 12 to 17 & 27 to 30.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Is breakfast ready? | Ĉu la matenmanĝo estas preta? | choo la mahtehn-mahn'jo eh'stahss preh'tah?
Breakfast is ready | La matenmanĝo estas preta | la mahtehn-mahn'jo eh'stahss preh'tah
Is the tea made? | Ĉu la teo estas farita? | choo la teh'oh eh'stahss fahree'tah?
Is the coffee strong enough? | Ĉu la kafo estas sufiĉe forta? | choo la kah'fo eh'stahss soofee'cheh fort'ah?
We want more cups | Ni bezonas pluajn tasojn | nee behzo'nahss ploo'ahyn tah'soyn
Take some more sugar | Prenu iom plu da sukero | preh'noo ee'ohm ploo dah sookeh'ro
A piece of toast | Peco de rostita pano | peht'so deh ro-stee'tah pa'noh
Do you drink tea or coffee? | Ĉu vi trinkas teon aŭ kafon? | choo vee trin'kahss tehohn ahw kah'fohn?
Cold meat | Malvarma viando | mahl-vahr'ma vee-ahn'doh
Will you take an egg? | Ĉu vi manĝos ovon? | choo vee mahn'johss o'vohn?
A rasher of bacon | Tranĉo de lardo | trahn'cho deh lahr'doh
These eggs are hard | Ĉi tiuj ovoj estas malmolaj | chee tee'ooy o-voy eh'stahss mahl-mo'lahy
Pass me the butter | Transdonu al mi la buteron | trahns-doh'noo ahl mee la bootehr'ohn
Give me the salt | Donu al mi la salon | doh'noo ahl mee la sahlon
Some rolls | Kelke da bulkoj | kehl'keh dah bool'koy
This butter is not fresh | Tiu ĉi butero ne estas freŝa | tee'oo chee bootehr'oh neh ehstahss freh'shah
Bring some more… | Alportu iom plu da… | ahlport'oo ee'ohm ploo dah…
Do you take milk and sugar? | Ĉu vi deziras lakton kaj sukeron? | choo vee dehzeer'ahss lahk'tohn kahy sookehr'ohn?
No sugar, thank you | Ne sukeron, mi dankas | neh sookehr'ohn, mee dahn'kahss
Coffee without milk | Kafo sen lakto | kah'fo sehn lahk'toh
Coffee with milk | Kafo kun lakto | kah'fo koon lahk'toh
A little more fish? | Iom plu da fiŝo? | ee'ohm ploo dah fee'sho?
Yes, please | Jes, mi petas | yehss, mee peh'tahss
Nothing more | Nenion plu | nehnee'ohn ploo

Dinner.
(Ĉefmanĝo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 12 to 17 & 27 to 30.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
What time is dinner? | Je kioma horo estas la ĉefmanĝo? | yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro eh-stahss la chehfmahn'jo?
When do you dine? | Je kioma horo vi ĉefmanĝas? | yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro vee chehfmahn'jahss?
We shall dine at six o'clock | Ni ĉefmanĝos je la sesa | nee chehfmahn'johss yeh la seh'sah
Give me (show me) the bill-of-fare | Donu (montru) al mi la manĝokarton | doh'noo (mohn'troo) ahl mee la mahn'jo-kar'tohn
Waiter! | Kelnero! | kelnehr'oh!
What have you ready? | Kion vi havas preta? | kee'ohn vee hah'vahss preh'tah?
Have you any roast beef? | Ĉu vi havas rostitan bovaĵon? | choo vee hah'vahss ro-stee'than bovah'zhohn?
Are you hungry? | Ĉu vi malsatas? | choo vee mahlsah'tahss?
I am hungry | Mi malsatas | mee mahlsah'tahss
Are you thirsty? | Ĉu vi soifas? | choo vee so-ee'fahss?
I am very thirsty | Mi tre soifas | mee treh so-ee'fahss
What will you take? | Kion vi manĝos? | kee'ohn vee mahnjohss?
What shall I help you to? | Kion mi donu al vi? | kee'ohn mee dohnoo ahl vee?
What soup will you have? | Kian supon vi volas? | kee'ahn soo'pohn vee vo'lahss?
Will you take some soup? | Ĉu vi prenos iom da supo? | choo vee preh'nohss ee'ohm da soo'po?
Well done; under done | Elkuirita; ne elkuirita | ehlkoo-eeree'tah; neh ehlkoo-eeree'tah
Here are spinach and broccoli | Jen spinako kaj brokolio | yehn speenah'ko kahy brokohlee'oh
Help yourself | Servu vin | sehr'voo veen
It is excellent | Ĝi estas bonega | jee eh'stahss bo-neh'gah
What fish have you? | Kiajn fiŝojn vi havas? | kee'ahyn fee'shoyn vee hah'vahss?
Fried soles | Frititaj soleoj | fritee'tahy so-leh'oy
Will you take some more? | Ĉu vi deziras iom plu? | choo vee dehzeer'ahss ee'ohm ploo?
No, thank you | Ne, mi dankas | neh, mee dahn'kahss
Change the plates | Ŝanĝu la telerojn | shahnjoo la tehlehr'oyn
Give me a clean fork | Donu al mi puran forkon | doh'noo ahl mee poor'ahn fohr'kohn
A clean knife | Pura tranĉilo | poorah trahnchee'lo
Bring me a glass of water | Alportu al mi glason da akvo | ahlport'oo ahl mee glah'sohn dah ahk'vo
Give me something to drink | Donu al mi ion por trinki | doh'noo ahl mee ee'ohn pohr trin'kee
A bottle of wine | Botelo da vino | bo-teh'lo dah vee'no
What wines will you have? | Kiajn vinojn vi deziras? | kee'ahyn vee'noyn vee dehzeer'ahss?
Here is the list | Jen la listo | yehn la leest'oh
This wine is flat | Tiu ĉi vino sengustiĝis | tee'oo chee vee'no sehn-goost-ee'jees
What do I owe? | Kiom mi ŝuldas? | kee'ohm mee shool'dahss?
What is the charge? | Kiom estas? | kee'ohm eh'stahss?

Tea.
(Teo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 12 to 17 & 27 to 30.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Will you come to tea? | Ĉu vi venos por trinki teon? | choo vee veh'nohss pohr trin'kee teh'ohn?
Tea is ready | La teo estas preta | la teh'oh ehstahss prehtah
Pour out the tea | Verŝu la teon | vehr'shoo la teh'ohn
Ring, if you please | Sonorigu, mi petas | so-noree'goo, mee peh'tahss
A little more milk | Iom plu da lakto | ee'ohm ploo dah lahk'toh
Some more bread and butter | Iom plu da pano kaj butero | ee'ohm ploo dah pah'no kahy bootehr'oh
Do you like your tea strong? | Ĉu vi ŝatas vian teon forta? | choo vee shah'tahss vee'ahn teh'ohn fort'ah?
Not too strong | Ne tro forta | neh tro fort'ah
I like it rather strong | Mi ŝatas ĝin iom forta | mee shah'tahss jeen ee'ohm fort'ah
Bring a saucer | Alportu subtason | ahlport'oo soobtah'sohn
Do you take cream? | Ĉu vi prenas kremon? | choo vee preh'nahss kreh'mohn?
This cream is sour | Tiu ĉi kremo estas malfreŝa | tee'oo chee kreh'mo eh'stahss mahlfreh'shah
Another cup of tea? | Ankoraŭ tason da teo? | ahnkoh'rahw tah'sohn dah teh'oh?
Is your tea sweet enough? | Ĉu via teo estas sufiĉe sukerita? | choo vee'ah teh'oh eh'stahss soofee'cheh soo-kehree'tah?
I should like a little less milk | Mi preferas iom malpli da lakto | mee prefehr'ahss ee'ohm mahl'pli dah lahk'toh

Health.
(La Sano.)

(For Vocabulary see page 26.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
How are you? | Kiel vi fartas? | kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss?
I am very well | Mi tre bone fartas | mee treh bo'neh fahr'tahss
I am ill | Mi estas malsana | mee eh'stahss mahlsah'nah
I am not very well | Mi ne tre bone fartas | mee neh treh bo'neh fahr'tahss
Are you quite well? | Ĉu vi bone fartas? | choo vee bo'neh fahr'tahss?
Quite well, thank you | Tute bone, mi dankas | too'teh bo'neh, mee dahn-kahss
Pretty well, thanks | Sufiĉe bone, dankon | soofee'cheh bo'neh, dahn-kohn
How do you feel? | Kiel vi vin sentas? | kee'ehl vee vin sehn'tahss?
I don't feel well | Mi ne sentas min en tre bona stato | mee neh sehntahss min ehn treh bo'nah stahtoh
I feel better | Mi sentas min en pli bona stato | mee sehn'tahss min ehn plee bo'nah stahtoh
I hope you will soon be better | Mi esperas ke vi baldaŭ resaniĝos | mee espeh'rahss, keh vee bahl'dahw rehsahnee'johss
Do you sleep well? | Ĉu vi bone dormas? | choo vee bo'neh dohr-mahss?
I have caught a chill | Mi malvarmumis | mee mahlvahrmoo'meess
I have a headache | Mi havas kapdoloron | mee ha'vahss kahp-dolohr'ohn
I feel sick | Mi sentas naŭzon | mee sehn-tahss nahw'zohn
Send for the doctor | Venigu la kuraciston | vehnee'goo lah kooraht-sees'tohn
She has a bad cough | Ŝi havas malbonan tuson | shee ha'vahss mahlbo'nahn too'sohn
How much is the doctor's fee for a visit? | Kiom estas la honorario de l' kuracisto por vizito? | kee'ohm eh'stahss lah honoh-rahree'oh dehl kooraht-see'stoh pohr veezee'toh?
Where is there a chemist's? | Kie estas apoteko? | kee'eh eh'stahss ahpoh-teh'ko?
Have this prescription made up | Plenumigu tiun ĉi recepton | plehnoomee'goo tee'oon chee rehtsehp'tohn
One tablespoonful three times a day | Unu granda plenkulero tri fojojn ĉiutage | oonoo grahndah plehn'kooleh'roh tree foh'yoyn chee'oo-tah'gheh
To be taken after each meal | Prenota post ĉiu manĝo | prehno'tah post chee'oo mahn'jo
Shake the bottle | Skuu la botelon | skoo'oo lah boteh'lohn
For outward application only | Nur por ekstera aplikado | noor pohr eksteh'rah ahpleekah'doh
Poison | Veneno | vehneh'no

In Town.
(En la Urbo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 20.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Where shall we go? | Kien ni iru? | kee'ehn nee ee'roo?
Which is the way to…? | Kiu estas la vojo al…? | kee'oo eh'stahss la vo'yo ahl…?
To the right—left | Dekstren—maldekstren | dehkstrehn—mahldehk'strehn
Straight before you | Rekte antaŭen | rek'teh ahntah'wehn
Is it far from here? | Ĉu malproksime de tie ĉi? | choo mahl-proksee'meh deh tee-eh chee?
About a mile | Proksimume unu mejlon | proksee-moo'meh oonoo may'lohn
Go up the street | Supreniru la straton | soo'prehn-eer'oo lah strah'tohn
Where does this road lead to? | Kien kondukas tiu ĉi vojo? | kee'ehn kondoo'kahss tee'oo chee vo'yo?
How far is it to…? | Kiom da vojo estas ĝis…? | kee'ohm dah vo'yo eh'stahss jeess…?
Show me the way | Montru al mi la vojon | mohn'troo ahl mee la vo'yohn
Straight on | Rekte antaŭen | rek'teh ahntah'wehn
Turn to the right | Turnu dekstren | toor'noo dehk'strehn
Second turning to the right | La dua vojo dekstren | la doo'ah vo'yo dehk'strehn
Keep to the left | Iradu maldekstren | eerah'doo mahl-dehk'strehn
Take the third on the left | Sekvu la trian maldekstren | sehk'voo la tree'ahn mahl-dehk'strehn
At the top of this street | Ĉe la fino de tiu ĉi strato | cheh la fee'no deh tee'oo chee strah'toh
Cross the road | Transiru la vojon | trahnseer'oo la vo'yohn
Let us go! | Ni iru! | nee eer'oo!
In what street is…? | En kiu strato estas…? | ehn kee'oo strah'toh eh'stahss…?
Is this the way to…? | Ĉu tiu estas la vojo al…? | choo tee'oo eh'stahss la vo'yo ahl…?
Do you know Mr. F.? | Ĉu vi konas Sinjoron F.? | choo vee ko'nahss seenyohr'ohn F.?
I don't know anyone of that name | Mi ne konas iun tiel nomitan | mee neh ko'nahss ee'oon, tee'ehl no-mee'tahn
I know him very well | Mi tre bone konas lin | mee treh boneh ko'nahss leen
He is a friend of mine | Li estas unu el miaj amikoj | lee eh'stahss oo'noo ehl mee'ahy ahmee'koy
Where does he live? | Kie li loĝas? | kee'eh lee lo'jahss?
Can you direct me to his house? | Ĉu vi povas direkti min al lia domo? | choo vee po'vahss deerek'tee meen ahl lee'ah do'mo?
Can I see Mr. F.? | Ĉu mi povas vidi Sinjoron F.? | choo mee po'vahss veedee seenyohr'ohn F.?
He is out just now | Nunmomente li ne estas hejme | noon-mo-mehn'teh lee neh ehstahss hehy'meh
Is Mrs. F. at home? | Ĉu Sinjorino F. estas hejme? | choo seenyo-ree'no F. eh'stahss hehy'meh?
Mrs. F. is not at home | S-no F. ne estas hejme | seenyo-ree'no F. neh es'tahss hehy'meh
I will call again | Mi revenos | mee rehveh'nohss
I expect him every moment | Mi atendas lian venon ĉiumomente | mee ahtehn'dahss lee-ahn veh'nohn chee'oo-mo-mehn'teh
Have you your card? | Ĉu vi havas vizitkarton? | choo vee ha'vahss vee-zeet-kahr'tohn?
Does he expect you? | Ĉu li atendas vin? | choo lee ahtehn'dahss veen?
He is expecting me | Li atendas mian venon | lee ahtehn'dahss mee'ahn veh'nohn
I have an appointment with him | Mi havas rendevuon kun li | mee ha'vahss rehndeh-voo'ohn koon lee
I am engaged | Mi estas okupata kun iu | mee eh'stahss ohkoopah'tah koon ee'oo
Good morning! | Bonan matenon! | bo'nahn ma-teh'nohn!
Good day! | Bonan tagon! | bo'nahn tah'gohn!
How do you do? | Kiel vi fartas? | kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss?
How is Mrs. F.? | Kiel fartas S-no F.? | kee'ehl fahr'tahss seen-yo-ree'no F.?
Give my compliments to Miss F. | Prezentu miajn komplimentojn al Fraŭlino F. | prehzehn'too mee'ahyn komplee-mehn'toyn ahl frahw-lee'no F.
So pleased to see you | Tre kontenta vidi vin | treh kontehn'tah vee'dee vin
Good-bye! | Adiaŭ! | ahdee'ahw!
Farewell! | Ĝis revido! | jeess rehvee'doh!
Must you go yet? | Ĉu vi devas jam foriri? | choo vee deh'vahss yahm foreer'ee?
I must go | Mi devas foriri | mee deh'vahss foreer'ee
Good evening! | Bonan vesperon! | bo'nahn vespehr'ohn!
Good night! | Bonan nokton! | bo'nahn nok'tohn!

Shopping.
(Aĉetado.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 11 to 19, & 27 to 36.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
I wish to buy | Mi volas aĉeti | mee vo'lahss ah-cheh'tee
Do you keep…? | Ĉu vi havas…? | choo vee ha'vahss…?
We have none in stock | Ni ne havas en magazeno | nee neh ha'vahss ehn ma-gahzeh'no
We can get you some | Ni povas iom por vi akiri | nee po'vahss ee'ohm pohr vee ahkeer'ee
What price would you like? | Je kioma prezo vi ĝin deziras? | yeh kee-oh'ma preh'zo vee jeen dehzeer'ahss?
About half-a-crown a yard | Po ĉirkaŭ duonkrono par jardo | po cheer'kahw doo-ohn-kro'no pohr yahrdoh
May we get it for you? | Ĉu ni ĝin por vi akiru? | choo nee jeen pohr vee ahkeer'oo?
What is the price? | Kiom estas la prezo? | kee'ohm eh'stahss lah preh'zo?
How much? | Kiom? | kee'ohm?
That is too much | Tio estas tro kara | tee'oh eh'stahss tro kah'rah
Have you a different pattern? | Ĉu vi havas alian specon? | choo vee ha'vahss ah-lee'ahn speht'sohn?
— a better material? | — pli bonan ŝtofon? | — plee bo'nahn shto'fohn?
Can you recommend it? | Ĉu vi povas ĝin rekomendi? | choo vee po'vahss jeen rehkomehn'dee?
We can recommend this | Ni povas rekomendi tion | nee po'vahss rehkomehn'dee tee'ohn
We guarantee this quality | Ni tiun ĉi kvaliton garantias | nee tee'oon chee kvah-lee'tohn gahrahn-tee'ahss
I should like to see some ribbons | Mi dezirus vidi rubandojn | mee dehzeerooss veedee roobahn'doyn
I want some calico | Mi deziras iom da kalikoto | mee dehzeer'ahss ee'ohm dah kahlee-ko'toh
This colour is too dark | Tiu ĉi koloro estas tro malpala | tee'oo chee ko-lohr'oh ehstahss tro mahlpah'lah
It is faded | La koloro iom malaperis | la ko-lohr'oh ee'ohm mahl-ahpehr'eess
Have you any narrower? | Ĉu vi havas pli mallarĝan? | choo vee ha'vahss plee mahl-lahr'jahn?
What is this a yard? | Kiom tio kostas por unu jardo? | kee'ohm tee'o kost'ahss pohr oo'noo yahr'doh?
This will do | Tio ĉi taŭgos | tee'oh chee tahw'gohss
I will take this | Mi tion prenos | mee tee'ohn preh'nohss
A reel of cotton | Unu bobeno da kotono | oonoo bo-beh'no dah ko-toh'no
A skein | Fadenaro | fahdeh-nah'ro
A packet of mixed pins | Paketo da miksitaj pingloj | pahkeh'toh dah miksee'tahy peen'gloy
Not so fine | Ne tiel delikata | neh tee'ehl dehleekah'tah
Show me some gloves | Montru al mi gantojn | mohntroo ahl mee gahn'toyn
Try on these | Prove surmetu ĉi tiujn | pro'veh soormeh'too chee tee'ooyn
What are they a pair? | Kiom kostas unu paro? | kee'ohm ko'stahss oo'noo pah'ro?
That is too dear | Tio estas tro kara | tee'oh eh'stahss tro kah-rah
They fit you very well | Ili tre bone taŭgas | ee'lee treh bo'neh tah'w-gahss
I will take them with me | Mi kunprenos ĉion | mee koon-preh'nohss chee'ohn
Please give me my bill | Volu doni mian kalkulon | vo'loo doh'nee mee'ahn kahl-koo'lohn
Send all this home at once | Sendu ĉion ĉi hejmen tuj | sehn'doo chee'ohn chee hehy'mehn tooy
Can I send them for you? | Ĉu mi povas sendi ilin por vi? | choo mee po'vahss sehn'dee ee'leen pohr vee?
Send them to… | Sendu ilin al… | sehn'doo ee'leen ahl…
Will you send them at once? | Ĉu vi tuj sendos ilin? | choo vee tooy sehndohss ee'leen?
What name, please? | Kiu nomo, mi petas? | kee'oo no'mo, mee peh'tahss?
To what address? | Al kiu adreso? | ahl kee'oo ahdreh'so?

The Dressmaker.
(La Modistino.)

(For Vocabulary see page 30.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Here is the dressmaker | Jen estas la modistino | yehn eh'stahss lah mo-distee'no
Ask her to wait | Petu, ke ŝi atendu | peh'too, keh shee ah-tehn'doo
Show her in | Enirigu ŝin | ehneeree'goo sheen
Have you brought my dress? | Ĉu vi alportis mian robon? | choo vee ahlpohr'teess mee'ahn ro'bohn?
Here it is, madam | Jen, sinjorino | yehn, seenyoh-ree'no
Will you try it on? | Ĉu vi prove surmetos ĝin? | choo vee pro'veh soor-meh'tohss jeen?
It fits you very well | Ĝi tre ĝuste taŭgas al vi | jee treh joo'steh tah'w-gahss ahl vee
It is not a good fit | Ĝi ne ĝuste taŭgas | jee neh joo'steh tah'w-gahss
The skirt is too narrow | La jupo estas tro mallarĝa | lah yoo'po eh'stahss tro mahl-lahr'jah
It is too short-waisted | La talio estas tro mallonga | lah tahlee'oh eh'stahss tro mahl-lohn'gah
The sleeves are not wide enough | La manikoj ne estas sufiĉe larĝaj | lah mahnee'koy neh eh'stahss soofee'cheh lahr'jahy
Make all these alterations | Faru ĉiujn ĉi ŝanĝojn | fah'roo chee'ooyn chee shahn'joyn
What trimming would you put on? | Per kio vi ĝin garnus? | pehr kee'oh vee jeen gahr'nooss?
Pale pink ribbon | Pala rozkolora rubando | pah'lah rohz-ko-loh'rah roobahn'doh
When can you let me have it? | Kiam vi povos doni ĝin al mi? | kee'ahm vee po'vohss doh'nee jeen ahl mee?
You shall have it on Saturday | Vi havas ĝin sabaton | vee ha'vohss jeen sah-bah'tohn
Without fail | Nepre | neh'preh
Don't disappoint me | Ne trompu miajn esperojn | neh trohmpoo mee'ahyn espehr'oyn

The Shoemaker.
(La Ŝuisto.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
I wish to see some ladies' boots | Mi deziras vidi botojn por sinjorinoj | mee dehzeer'ahss vee'dee bo-toyn pohr seen-yoh-ree'noy
Take my measure | Prenu mian mezuron | preh-noo mee-ahn meh-zoor'ohn
The soles are rather thick | La plandumoj estas iom dikaj | la plahndoo'moy eh'stahss ee-ohm dee'kahy
They are too tight | Ili tro premas | ee-lee tro preh-mahss
I cannot get my foot in | Mi ne povas enigi la piedon | mee neh po-vahss ehnee'ghee la pee-eh'dohn
Here is a shoe-horn | Jen estas ŝukorno | yehn eh-stahss shookohr'no
Are they comfortable? | Ĉu ili ĝenas? | choo ee-lee jeh-nahss?
I cannot walk in them | Mi ne povas iri en ili | mee neh po-vahss eer-ee ehn ee-lee
They hurt my heel | Ili dolorigas mian kalkanon | ee-lee doh-loree'gahss meeahn kahlkah'nohn
I must have them as soon as possible | Estas necese, ke mi ilin havu kiel eble plej baldaŭ | eh-stahss nehtsah'seh, keh mee ee-leen ha-voo kee-ehl eh-bleh plehy' bahl-dahw
I want some bootlaces | Mi bezonas laĉojn | mee behzoh'nahss lah'choyn
How much are they a pair? | Kiom kostas unu paro? | kee-ohm ko-stahss oo-noo pah-ro?
I want these shoes soled and heeled | Mi deziras lasi plandumi kaj kalkanumi tiujn ĉi ŝuojn | mee dehzeer'ahss lahsee plahndoo'mee kahy kahlkahnoo'mee tee-ooyn chee shoo-oyn
Send my boots to be mended | Sendu ripariĝi miajn botojn | sehn-doo ripahree'jee mee'ahyn bo-toyn
When will they be done? | Kiam ili estos pretaj? | kee-ahm ee-lee ehstohss preh' tahy?

The Laundress.
(La Lavistino.)

(For Washing List see page 33.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
I want this linen washed | Mi volas lavigi ĉi tiun tolaĵon | mee vo-lahss lahvee'ghee chee tee-oon toh-lah'zhohn
I miss a collar | Mankas unu kolumon | mahn-kahss oo-noo ko-loo'mohn
You don't put enough starch in | Vi ne enmetas sufiĉe da amelo | vee neh ehnmeh'tahss soofee'cheh dah ah-meh'lo
This is too limp | Tio ĉi estas tro mola | tee-oh chee ehstahss tro mo-lah
See how badly that is done | Vidu, kiel malbone tio estas farita | vee-doo, kee-ehl mahl-bo'neh tee-oh ehstahss fahree'tah
You must take it back | Vi devas reporti ĝin | vee deh-vahss rehpohr'tee jeen
This is badly ironed | Tio ĉi estas malbone gladita | tee-oh chee eh-stahss mahlbo'neh glahdee'tah
You have scorched this dress | Vi iom brulbrunigis tiun ĉi robon | vee ee-ohm brool'broo-nee'gheess tee'oon chee ro-bohn
You put too much blue in my linen | Vi metas tro da bluo en mian tolaĵon | vee meh-tahss tro dah bloo-oh ehn mee-ahn tohlah'zhohn
This is not my handkerchief | Tio ĉi ne estas mia naztuko | tee-oh chee neh eh'stahss mee-ah nahz-too'ko
You have torn the lace | Vi ŝiris la punton | vee sheer-eess la poon-tohn
When can I have it? | Kiam mi povos havi ĝin? | kee-ahm mee po-vohss hah-vee jeen?
Return this linen on… | Resendi tiun ĉi tolaĵon la… | rehsehn'dee tee-oon chee tohlah'zhohn la…
You must bring back this list | Estas necese, ke vi reportu tiun ĉi liston | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, keh vee rehpohr'too tee-oon chee lee-stohn
Have you your bill? | Ĉu vi havas vian kalkulon? | choo vee ha-vahss veeahn kahlkoo'lohn?
I will pay you | Mi pagos vin | mee pa-gohss veen

Amusements.
(Amuzaĵoj.)

(For Vocabulary see page 41.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Shall we go to the theatre? | Ĉu ni iru al la teatro? | choo nee eer-oo ahl la teh-ah'tro?
What is on at the…? | Kion oni ludas ĉe la…? | kee-ohn ohnee loo-dahss cheh la…?
When does the performance begin? | Kiam komenciĝas la prezentado? | kee-ahm komehnt-see'jahss la prezentah'doh?
What time do the doors open? | Je kioma horo oni malfermas la pordojn? | yeh kee-oh'mah ho-ro ohnee mahlfehr'mahss la pohr-doyn?
Is the box-office open? | Ĉu la lokoficejo estas malfermita? | choo la loh'kofeetseh'yo eh-stahss mahlfehrmee'tah?
Where can we book seats? | Kie oni povas antaŭe rezervi lokojn? | kee-eh oh-nee po-vahss ahntah'weh rehzehr'vee lo-koyn?
I should like to see a plan | Mi dezirus vidi planon | mee dehzeer'ooss veedee plah-nohn
Let us take a box | Ni prenu loĝion | nee preh-noo lohjee'ohn
These seats are reserved | Ĉi tiuj seĝoj estas rezervitaj | chee tee'ooy seh-joy eh'stahss rehzehrvee'tahy
We will take four seats | Ni prenos kvar lokojn | nee preh-nohss kvahr lo-koyn
Where are our seats? | Kie estas niaj lokoj? | kee-eh ehstahss nee'ahy lo-koy?
Where is the cloakroom? | Kie estas la vestodeponejo? | kee-eh eh-stahss la veh-sto-dehpohneh'yo?
Give me a programme | Donu al mi programon | doh-noo ahl mee prohgrah'mohn
What is the play? | Kion oni ludas? | kee-ohn ohnee loo-dahss?
How well the band plays! | Kiel bone la orkestro ludas! | kee-ehl bo-neh la or-keh'stro loo-dahss!
There is a fine orchestra | Estas bonega orkestro | ehstahss bo-neh'gah orkeh'stro
What an excellent pianist! | Kiel bonega pianisto! | kee-ehl bo-neh'gah pee-ahnist'o!
An interval of fifteen minutes | Intertempo de dek-kvin minutoj | in'tehr-tehm'po deh dehk-kveen meenoo'toy
Would you like some refreshment? | Ĉu vi deziras ion manĝi aŭ trinki? | choo vee dehzeer'ahss ee-ohn mahn-jee ahw trinkee?
Shall we go to the buffet? | Ĉu ni iru al la bufedo? | choo nee ee-roo ahl la boofeh'doh?
Is there a good museum? | Ĉu estas ĉi tie bona muzeo? | choo eh-stahss chee tee-eh bo-nah moozeh'oh?
The works of art are very fine | La artaĵoj estas tre belaj | la ahrtah'zhoy eh-stahss treh beh'lahy
Are tickets required? | Ĉu oni devas havi biletojn? | choo oh-nee deh-vahss hah-vee beeleh'toyn?
Who sells them? | Kiu vendas ilin? | kee-oo ven-dahss eeleen?
The coach leaves at ten | La diliĝenco ekveturas je la deka | la deelee-jehnt'so ehk-veh-toor'ahss yeh la deh-kah
How much will it cost? | Kiom ĝi kostos? | kee-ohm jee ko-stohss?
It will take all day to go there | La veturo tien okupos la tutan tagon | la vehtoor'oh tee-ehn ohkoo'pohss la too-tahn tah-gohn
Can you put us up some refreshment? | Ĉu vi povas kunmeti por ni iom da nutraĵo? | choo vee po-vahss koon-meh'tee pohr nee ee-ohm dah nootrah'zho?
We should like some sandwiches | Ni deziras sandviĉojn | nee dehzeer'ahss sahnd-vee'choyn
Is there a good place for lunch? | Ĉu estas bona loko, kie oni povas tagmanĝi? | choo eh-stahss bo-nah lo-ko, kee-eh ohnee po-vahss tahg-mahn'jee?

Cycling.
(La Ciklismo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 44 to 48.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
I want to hire a machine | Mi deziras lui biciklon | mee dehzeer'ahss loo-ee beetsee'klohn.
With all accessories | Kun ĉiuj akcesoraĵoj | koon chee-ooy ahktseh-so-rah'zhoy
By the hour | Laŭhore | lahw-ho'reh
By the day | Laŭtage | lahw-tah'gheh
What are your terms? | Kiom vi postulas? | kee-ohm vee postoo'lahss?
Have you a cycle shelter? | Ĉu vi havas remizon por bicikloj? | choo vee hah-vahss reh-mee'zohn pohr beet-see'kloy?
Tighten this nut | Fiksu tiun ĉi ŝraŭbingon | fik-soo tee-oon chee shrahw-been'gohn
Loosen the chain | Malstreĉu la ĉenon | mahl-streh'choo la cheh-nohn
What are the roads like? | Kiaj estas la vojoj? | kee-ahy eh-stahss la vo-yoy?
Are the roads good? | Ĉu la vojoj estas bonaj? | choo la vo-yoy ehstahss bo'nahy?
The roads are bad | La vojoj estas malbonaj | la voyoy ehstahss mahl-bo'nahy
The roads are in good condition | La vojoj estas en bona stato | la vo-yoy eh-stahss ehn bo-nah stah-toh
We will start at… | Ni ekiros je la… | nee ekeer'ohss yeh la…
Are you ready? | Ĉu vi estas preta? | choo vee eh-stahss preh-tah?
Make haste! | Rapidu! | rahpee'doo!
Turn to the right | Turnu dekstren | toor-noo dehk-strehn
Keep straight on | Iru rekte antaŭen | ee-roo rehkteh ahntah'wehn
This hill is dangerous | Ĉi tiu deklivo estas danĝera | chee tee-oo dehklee'vo eh-stahss dahn-jeh'rah
Ring your bell | Tintigu vian tintilon | tintee'goo vee-ahn tin-tee'lohn
Don't go so fast | Ne iru tiel rapide | neh ee-roo tee-ehl rah-pee'deh
Look out! Stop! | Atentu! Haltu! | ahtehn'too! hahl-too!
The chain is off | La ĉeno deiĝis | la cheh-no deh-ee'jeess
I must pump up my tyres | Estas necese, ke mi ŝveligu la pneŭmatikojn | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, keh mee shvehlee'goo la pnehw-mahtee'koyn
My tyre is punctured | Mia pneŭmatiko estas trapikita | mee-ah pnehw-mahtee'ko eh-stahss trahpee-kee'tah
The back tyre is burst | La malantaŭa pneŭmatiko krevis | la mahl-ahntah'wah pnehw-matee'ko kreh-veess
I have broken a… | Mi rompis… | mee rohmpeess…
Where can I get my bicycle mended? | Kie mi povas riparigi mian biciklon? | kee-eh mee povahss reepahree'ghee mee-ahn beetsee'klohn?
Where is the nearest cycle shop? | Kie estas la plej proksima biciklobutiko? | kee-eh eh-stahss la plehy proksee'mah beetsee'klo-bootee'ko?
Will you please repair…? | Ĉu vi afable riparos…? | choo vee ahfah'bleh ree-pahr'ohss…?
When will it be ready? | Kiam ĝi estos preta? | kee-ahm jee eh-stohss prehtah?
I want my machine cleaned | Mi deziras lasi purigi mian maŝinon | mee dehzeer'ahss lah-see pooree'ghee mee-ahn mahshee'nohn
How long will it take? | Kiom da tempo tio okupos? | kee-ohm dah tehm'po tee-oh ohkoo'pohss?
Is it time to light up? | Ĉu estas la horo por lumigo? | choo eh-stahss la ho-ro pohr loomee'go?
We must light up | Ni devas lumigi | nee deh-vahss loomee'ghee
Lighting-up time is at eight o'clock | La lumiga horo estas je la oka | la loomee'gah ho-ro eh-stahss yeh la oh-kah
Please fill my lamp | Volu plenigi mian lampon | vo-loo plehnee'ghee mee-ahn lahm-pohn
It wants a new wick | Ĝi bezonas novan meĉon | jee behzoh'nahss no-vahn meh-chohn
How much is it? | Kiom estas? | kee-ohm eh-stahss?
Have you a road guide? | Ĉu vi havas vojan gvidplanon? | choo vee hah-vahss vo-yahn gveed-plah'nohn?
Which do you require? | Kiun vi bezonas? | kee-oon vee behzoh'nahss?
A map of the Paris district | Mapon de la Pariza regiono | mah-pohn deh la pah-ree'zah reh-gheeoh'no

Motoring.
(Aŭtomobilismo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 44 to 48; see also Cycling Phrases, above.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Is there a motor garage in this town? | Ĉu estas remizo por aŭtomobiloj en tiu ĉi urbo? | choo eh-stahss rehmee'zo pohr ahwtohmoh-bee'loy ehn tee-oo chee oor-bo?
Give me some petrol | Donu al mi petrolon | doh-noo ahl mee peh-tro'lohn
I want a carburator for motor-car | Mi deziras karburatoron por aŭtomobilo | mee dehzeer'ahss kahr-boo-rahtohr'ohn pohr ahw-toh-mohbee'lo
The clutch is out of order | La konektumo ne funkcias | la kohnehktoo'mo neh foonk-tsee'ahss
Have you examined my speed-changing gear? | Ĉu vi ekzamenis la rapidŝanĝan mekanismon? | choo vee ehkzahmeh'neess la rah-peed'shahn'jahn mehkah-nees'mohn?
Replace my brake | Remetu mian bremson | rehmeh'too mee-ahn brehm-sohn
My back spring is broken | Mia malantaŭa risorto estas rompita | mee-ah mahl-ahntah'wah ree-sohr'toh ehstahss rohmpee'tah
Have you an accumulator—four volts? | Ĉu vi havas akumulatoron—de kvar voltoj? | choo vee hah-vahss ah-koomoo-lahtohr'ohn—deh kvahr vohl-toy?
What is the power of this motor? | Kioma estas la potenco de tiu ĉi aŭtomobilo? | keeoh'ma eh-stahss la po-tehnt'so deh tee-oo chee ahwtohmohbee'lo?
This is an eight-horse-power engine | Tiu ĉi estas maŝino de okĉevala potenco | tee-oo chee eh-stahss mahshee'no deh ohk'chehvah'lah potehnt'so
A pinion is wanted for the small axle | Mankas dentradeto ĉe la malgranda akso | mahn-kahss dehnt'rah-deh'toh cheh la mahl-grahn'dah ahk'so
I want my accumulator charged | Mi deziras ŝargigi mian akumulatoron | mee dehzeer'ahss shar-ghee'ghee mee-ahn ah-koomoolahtohr'ohn
I have lost my horn (or hooter) | Mi perdis mian kornon (or blekilon) | mee pehrdeess mee-ahn kohr'nohn (blehkee'lohn)
Are you an experienced driver? | Ĉu vi estas sperta motorveturigisto? | choo vee eh-stahss spehr-tah motohr'veh-tooree-gheess'toh?
What experience have you had? | Kiun spertadon vi havis? | kee'oon spehrtah'dohn vee hah'veess?
Drive slowly through the town | Veturu malrapide tra la urbo | vehtoor'oo mahlrahpee'deh trah la oor-bo
Speed not to exceed…miles per hour | La rapideco devas ne esti pli ol…mejloj ĉiuhore | la rahpeedeht'so deh-vahss neh eh-stee plee ohl…meh'y-loy chee-oo-ho'reh

Photography.
(La Fotografarto.)

(For Vocabulary see page 48.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Must permission be obtained to photograph? | Ĉu oni devas havi permeson por fotografi? | choo oh-nee deh-vahss hah-vee pehrmeh'sohn pohr fo-tograh'fee?
I wish to take the interior | Mi volas fotografi la internon | mee vo-lahss fo-tograh'fee la intehr'nohn
Have you brought your camera? | Ĉu vi kunportis vian kamereton? | choo vee koonpor'teess veeahn kam-ehreh'tohn?
This is my camera | Tio ĉi estas mia kamereto | tee-oh chee eh-stahss mee-ah kam-ehreh'toh
The lens is broken | La lenso estas rompita | la lehn-so eh-stahss rohmpee'tah
The light is too strong | La lumo estas tro forta | la loo-mo eh-stahss tro fohr-tah
What exposure must I give it? | Kiom mi devas espozi ĝin? | kee-ohm mee deh-vahss ehspo'zee jeen?
It is out of focus | Ĝi ne estas ĝuste en fokuso | jee neh ehstahss joo'steh ehn fo-koo'so
What size of plate do you use? | Kioman grandon de plato vi uzas? | keeoh'mahn grahndohn deh plah-toh vee oo-zahss?
Have you a dark room? | Ĉu vi havas rivelejon? | choo vee hah'vahss ree-vehleh'yohn?
I want to develop some plates | Mi volas riveli kelkajn platojn | mee vo-lahss reeveh'lee kehl'kahyn plah-toyn
This plate is spoilt | Tiu ĉi plato estas difektita | tee-oo chee plah-toh eh-stahss deefehk-tee'tah
That is due to over-exposure | Tio estas pro troa espozo | tee-oh eh-stahss pro tro-ah ehspo'zo
I am going to print more copies | Mi presos plu da ekzempleroj | mee preh'sohss ploo da ehkzehm-pleh'roy
This was spoilt in the printing | Tiu ĉi difektiĝis dum la presado | tee-oo chee deefehktee'jeess doom la prehsah'doh
What a beautiful photograph! | Kiel bela fotografaĵo! | kee-ehl beh-la fo-to-grahfah'zho!
The grouping is very good | La gruparanĝo estas tre bona | la groop-ahrahn'jo eh-stahss treh bo-nah
I have secured some fine views | Mi kaptis bonegajn vidaĵojn | mee kahp-teess bo-neh'gahyn veedah'zhoyn
Do you sell photographic materials? | Ĉu vi vendas fotografajn materialojn? | choo vee vehn-dahss fo-tograh'fahyn mahteh-reeah'loyn?
I want some pretty mounts | Mi deziras beletajn muntokartojn | mee dehzeer'ahss beh-leh'tahyn moontoh-kahr'toyn
What do you require? | Kion vi bezonas? | kee-ohn vee behzohn'ahss?
I should like some more films | Mi bezonas plu da filmoj | mee behzoh'nahss ploo dah feel-moy

Religion.
(La Religio.)

(For Vocabulary see page 50.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Is there an English church here? | Ĉu estas ĉi tie Angla preĝejo? | choo eh-stahss chee tee-eh ahnglah prehjeh'yo?
Is it near here? | Ĉu ĝi estas proksima de tie ĉi? | choo jee ehstahss prohksee'ma deh tee-eh chee?
Who is the preacher? | Kiu estas la predikanto? | kee-oo eh-stahss la prehdee-kahn'toh?
What time is the service? | Je kioma horo komenciĝas la diservo? | yeh keeoh'ma horo kohmentsee'jahss la deesehr'vo?
The seats must be paid for | Oni devas pagi pri la sidlokoj | oh-nee deh-vahss pahghee pree la seed-lo'koy
The seats are free | La sidlokoj estas senpagaj | la seed-lo'koy eh-stahss sehnpah'gahy
Is there a collection? | Ĉu estas monkolekto? | choo ehstahss mohnko-lek'toh?
An offertory is taken | Oni faras monkolekton | ohnee fahrahss mohnko-lek'tohn
Can you find me a seat? | Ĉu vi povas trovi por mi sidejon? | choo vee povahss trovee pohr mee sid-eh'yohn?
The verger will find you a seat | La pedelo trovos sidejon por vi | la pehdeh'lo tro-vohss sid-eh'yohn pohr vee
Mass is being celebrated | Oni faras la meson | oh-nee fah-rahss la meh-sohn
Let us wait—go | Ni atendu—ni iru | nee ahtehn'doo—nee eer'oo
Pass me a hymn-book | Volu transdoni himnolibron | vo-loo trahnsdoh'nee him'no-lee'brohn
What other services are there? | Kiuj aliaj diservoj estas? | kee-ooy ahlee'ahy deesehr'voy eh-stahss?

The Time of Day.
(La Horo.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
What time is it? | Kioma horo estas? | kee-oh'ma ho-ro ehstahss?
It has just struck nine | Ĵus sonis la naŭa (horo) | zhooss so-neess la nahwah (ho-ro)
Exactly 3 o'clock | Precize la tria | prehtsee'zeh la tree-ah
Ten (minutes) past seven | Dek minutoj post la sepa | dehk meenoo'toy post la seh-pa
A quarter past one | Kvarono post la unua | kvahro'no post la oonoo'ah
Half-past four | Duono post la kvara | doo-o'no post la kvahra
Twenty (minutes) to six | Dudek minutoj antaŭ la sesa | doo-dehk meenoo'toy ahn'tahw la seh-sah
At what time? | Je kioma horo? | yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro?
At a quarter to eight | Je kvarono antaŭ la oka | yeh kvahro'no ahn'tahw la oh-kah
At nine a.m. | Je la naŭa matene | yeh la nah-wah mahteh'neh
Seven-fifteen p.m. | La sepa-dek-kvin vespere | la seh'pa-dehk-kveen veh-speh'reh
Is it late? | Ĉu estas malfrue? | choo eh-stahss mahlfroo'eh?
It is (not) late | (Ne) estas malfrue | (neh) eh-stahss mahlfroo'eh
It is still early | Estas ankoraŭ frue | eh-stahss ahnko'rahw froo'eh
It is getting late | Malfruiĝas | mahl-froo-ee'jahss
It is only ten | Estas nur la deka | eh-stahss noor la deh-kah
The clock is striking | La horo sonas | la ho-ro so-nahss

Times, Seasons and Weather.
(La Horoj, la Sezonoj, kaj la Vetero.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 9, 10, & 17–19.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
This day week | Unu semajnon de hodiaŭ | oo-noo sehmah'y-nohn deh ho-dee'ahw
That was three or four days ago | Tio okazis antaŭ tri aŭ kvar tagoj | tee-oh ohkah'zeess ahn'tahw tree ahw kvahr tah-goy
To-morrow fortnight | Du semajnojn de morgaŭ | doo sehmah'y-nohn deh mohr'gahw
At about this time | Proksimume je tiu ĉi horo | prohksee-moo'meh yeh tee-oo chee ho-ro
In a month's time | Post unu monato | post oo-noo mohnah'toh
The first of next month | La unua de l' proksima monato | la oonoo'ah dehl prohksee'mah mohnah'toh
In (after) six weeks | Post ses semajnoj | post sehss sehmah'ynoy
On the last day of the month | La lastan tagon de l' monato | la lah-stahn tah-gohn dehl mohnah'toh
At the end of this month | Je la fino de tiu ĉi monato | yeh la fee-no deh tee-oo chee mohnah'toh
Towards the middle of January | Ĉirkaŭ la mezo de Januaro | cheer'kahw la meh-zo deh yahnooah'ro
In the course of a week | En la daŭro de unu semajno | ehn la dahw'ro deh oo-noo sehmah'y-no
From time to time | De l'tempo al tempo | dehl tehmpo ahl tehmpo
From one day to another | De unu tago al alia | deh oo-noo tah-go ahl ahlee'ah
A few days ago | Antaŭ kelkaj tagoj | ahn'tahw kehl'kahy tah-goy
A short time since | Antaŭ nelonga tempo | ahn'tahw nehlohn'gah tehmpo
Scarcely two days ago | Antaŭ apenaŭ du tagoj | ahn'tahw apeh'nahw doo tahgoy
At least a month ago | Antaŭ almenaŭ unu monato | ahn'tahw ahlmeh'nahw oo-noo mo-nah'toh
It is full moon | Estas plena luno | ehstahss plehnah loono
The heat is unbearable | La varmo estas neelportebla | la varmo ehstahss nehehlpohrteh'blah
I am very warm | Mi estas tre varma | mee ehstahss treh varma
I am afraid it will rain | Mi timas, ke pluvos | mee teemahss, keh ploovohss
We shall have a storm | Ni havos fulmotondron | nee ha-vohss fool-mo-tohn'drohn
Did you see the lightning? | Ĉu vi vidis la fulmon? | choo vee vee-dees la fool-mohn?
I heard the thunder | Mi aŭdis la tondron | mee ahw-dees la tohn-drohn
How it pours! | Kiel pluvegas! | kee-ehl plooveh'gahss!
Would you like an umbrella? | Ĉu vi deziras pluvombrelon? | choo vee dehzeer'ahss ploov-ohmbreh'lohn?
I am wet through | Mi estas trae malsekigita | mee eh-stahas trah-eh mahlsehkee-ghee'tah
Look at the rainbow | Rigardu la ĉielarkon | reegahr'doo la chee-ehlahr'kohn
It is growing very cold | Tre malvarmiĝas | treh mahlvarmee'jahass
Winter will soon be here | La vintro baldaŭ alvenos | la veen-tro bahl'dahw ahlveh'nohss
It snows | Neĝas | neh-jahss
It freezes—it thaws | Frostas—degelas | fro-stahss—dehgheh'lahss
It is very dirty | Estas tre malpure | eh-stahss treh mahl-poor'eh
It is very windy | Tre ventas | treh vehntahss
How high the wind is! | Kiel forta estas la vento! | kee-ehl fohrtah ehstahss la vehntoh!
The wind is in the east | La vento blovas el la oriento | la vehntoh blovahss ehl la ohree-ehn'toh
The dust is terrible | La polvo estas terura | la pohlvo eh-stahss teh-roor'ah
I hope it will be fine | Mi esperas, ke la vetero estos bela | mee espeh'rahss, keh la vehteh'ro ehstohss behla
What a beautiful day! | Kiel bela tago! | kee-ehl beh-la tah-go!

Post and Telegraph.
(La Poŝto kaj la Telegrafo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 60.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Number of Customs' declarations | Nombro de doganaj deklaroj | nohm'bro deh dohgah'nahy dehklah'roy
Nature of contents | Priskribo de la enhavo | preeskree'bo deh la ehnhah'vo
Value of contents | Valoro de la enhavo | vahlohr'oh deh la ehnhah'vo
Stamp of office of origin | Stampo de la elsendinta oficejo | stahm-po deh la ehl-sehndin'tah offeetseh'yo
Place of destination | Kien sendata | kee-ehn sehndah'tah
Name and address of sender | Nomo kaj adreso de l'sendinto | no-mo kahy ahdreh'so dehl sehndin'toh
Where is the post-office? | Kie estas la poŝtoficejo? | kee-eh ehstahss la pohst-offeetseh'yo?
Have you any letters for…? | Ĉu vi havas leterojn por…? | choo vee hah-vahss letehr'oyn pohr…?
Will this letter go to-night? | Ĉu tiu ĉi letero forsendiĝos jam hodiaŭ nokte? | choo tee-oo chee lehtehr'o fohrsendee'johss yahm ho-dee'ahw nok-teh?
What stamp will this letter require? | Kiom estos la afranko de tiu ĉi letero? | kee-ohm eh-stohss la ahfrahn'ko deh tee-oo chee lehteh'roh?
To register a letter | Registri leteron | rehghis'tree lehtehr'ohn
I wish to send a telegram | Mi volas sendi telegramon | mee vo-lahss sehn-dee tehlehgrah'mohn
The first ten words | La unuaj dek vorto | la oonoo'ahy dehk vortoy
Every extra word | Ĉiu plua vorto | chee-oo ploo-ah vor-toh
I expect a telegram to-day | Mi atendas telegramon hodiaŭ | mee ahten'dahss tehleh-grah'mohn ho-dee'ahw
When does the post from Rome come? | Kiam alvenas la kuriero de Romo? | kee-ahm ahlveh'nahs la kooree-eh'ro deh romo?
The letters will be delivered about noon | La leteroj estos alportataj ĉirkaŭ la tagmezo | la lehteh'roy eh-stohss ahl-portah'tahy cheer'kahw la tahg-meh'zo
When does the mail leave for Italy? | Je kioma horo foriras la kuriero por Italujo? | yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro foreer'ahss la kooree-eh'ro pohr eetaloo'yo?
Is the London mail in yet? | Ĉu la Londona kuriero ankoraŭ alvenis? | choo la lohndoh'nah kooree-eh'ro ahnko'rahw ahlveh'neess?
When is the next delivery? | Kiam okazos la proksima disporto? | kee-ahm ohkah'zohss la proksee'mah dispor'toh?
The latest delivery is at… | La lasta disporto okazas je la… | la lah-stah dispor'toh ohkah'zahss yeh la…
I want a money order for… | Mi deziras poŝtmandaton por… | mee dehzeer'ahss posht-mahndah'tohn pohr…
Payable at the General Post-office, London | Pagebla ĉe la Ĉefa Poŝtoficejo, Londono | pah-gheh'blah cheh la cheh'fah posht-offeetseh'yo lohndoh'no
What is the postage on this letter? | Kiom da afranko pri tiu ĉi letero? | kee-ohm dah ahfrahn'ko pree tee-oo chee lehteh'roh?
Is this letter over-weight? | Ĉu tiu ĉi letero estas tro peza? | choo tee-oo chee lehteh'roh ehstahss tro pehzah?
It requires another stamp | Ĝi bezonas pluan poŝtmarkon | jee bezoh'nahss plooahn posht-mar'kohn

Correspondence.
(La Korespondado)

(For Vocabulary see page 61.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
I have a letter to answer | Mi devas respondi leteron | mee deh-vahss rehspohn'dee lehteh'rohn
I must write a letter | Mi devas skribi leteron | mee deh-vahss skreebee lehtehr'ohn
Do you want a pen? | Ĉu vi deziras plumon? | choo vee dehzeer'ahss ploo-mon?
I want some paper and envelopes | Mi bezonas paperon kaj kovertojn | mee behzoh'nahss pahpeh'rohn kahy kovehr'toyn
Will you give me some? | Ĉu vi donos al mi iom? | choo vee doh-nohss ahl mee ee-ohm?
Lend me a sheet | Pruntedonu al mi folion | proon-teh-doh'noo ahl mee fohlee'ohn
Have you any? | Ĉu vi havas iom? | choo vee hah-vahss ee-ohm?
Can you lend me a pen? | Ĉu vi povas pruntedoni al mi plumon? | choo vee povahss proon-teh-doh'nee ahl mee ploo-mohn?
Do you like a soft pen? | Ĉu vi ŝatas molan plumon? | choo vee shah-tahss mo-lahn ploo-mohn?
I like a hard one | Mi preferas malmolan | mee preh-fehr'ahss mahlmo'lahn
Where is the ink? | Kie estas la inko? | kee-eh eh-stahss la eenko?
There is no ink | Ne estas inko | neh eh-stahss een-ko
What is the day of the month? | La kioma tago de l'monato estas? | la kee-oh'ma tahgo dehl mo-nah'toh eh-stahss?
To-day is the first | Hodiaŭ estas la unua | ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la oonoo'ah
This is the ninth | Hodiaŭ estas la naŭa | ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la nah-wah
Is your letter ready for the post? | Ĉu via letero estas preta par la poŝto? | choo vee-ah lehteh'roh eh-stahss preh-tah por la posh-toh?
Seal your letter | Sigelu vian leteron | sigeh'loo vee-ahn lehteh'rohn
There is no sealing-wax | Ne estas sigelvakso | neh eh-stahss sigehlvahk'so
Take this letter to the post | Portu tiun ĉi leteron al la poŝto | portoo tee-oon chee lehteh'rohn ahl la posh-toh
Pay the postage | Afranku ĝin | ahfrahn'koo jin

Legal and Judicial.
(Leĝaj kaj Juraj Frazoj.)

(For Vocabulary, see p. 54.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Call the police | Alvoku policanon | ahlvo'koo pohleet-sah'nohn
I give this man in charge | Mi arestigas tiun ĉi homon | mee ahreh-stee'gahss tee-oon chee ho'mohn
What do you charge him with? | Pri kio vi akuzas lin? | pree kee-oh vee ahkoo'zahss lin?
He has stolen my purse | Li ŝtelis mian monujon | lee shteh-leess mee-ahn monoo'yohn
He has taken my watch | Li prenis mian poŝ-horloĝon | lee prehneess mee-ahn posh-horlo'john
Where is the police-station? | Kie estas la policejo? | kee-eh eh-stahss la pohleet-seh'yo?
Have you any witnesses? | Ĉu vi havas atestantojn? | choo vee hah-vahss ahteh-stahn'toyn?
I have two witnesses | Mi havas du atestantojn | mee hahvahss doo ahtehstahn'toyn
Where is the court? | Kie estas la tribunalo? | kee-eh eh-stahss la treeboonah'lo?
You must take out a summons | Vi devas eldonigi asignon | vee deh-vahss ehldoh-nee'ghee ahseeg'nohn
I want a summons | Mi deziras asignon | mee dehzeer'ahss ah-seeg'nohn
Do you wish to prosecute? | Ĉu vi deziras persekuti? | choo vee dehzeer'ahss pehrsehkoo'tee?
I don't care to prosecute | Mi ne volas persekuti | mee neh vo-lahss pehr-sehkoo'tee
What do you advise? | Kion vi konsilas? | kee'ohn vee konsee'lahss?
What am I to do? | Kion mi faru? | kee-ohn mee fah-roo?
Can you recommend me a solicitor? | Ĉu vi povas rekomendi al mi solicitoron? | choo vee po-vahss reh-komehn'dee ahl mee sohleet-seetor'ohn?
Will you take up my case? | Ĉu vi okupos vin pri mia afero? | choo vee ohkoo'pohss vin pree mee-ah ahfeh'roh?
Can I have an interpreter? | Ĉu mi povas havi interpretiston? | choo mee po-vahss hahvee intehrprehtis'ton?
I want bail | Mi deziras, ke oni min liberigu je kaŭcio | mee dehzeer'ahss, keh oh-nee min libehree'goo yeh kahwtsee'oh
Send to my friends | Sendu iun al miaj amikoj | sehn-doo ee-oon ahl mee'ahy ahmee'koy
Where is the British Embassy (Consulate)? | Kie estas la Brita Ambasadorejo (Konsulejo)? | kee-eh eh-stahss la bree-tah ahmbahsahdoreh'yo (konsooleh'yo)?
This is quite wrong | Tio estas tute malĝusta | tee-oh eh-stahss too-teh mahl-joos'tah
It is not just | Ne estas juste | neh eh-stahss yoos-teh
I accept your apology | Mi akceptas vian peton | mee ahktsehp'tahss veeahn peh-tohn
I apologise | Mi petas pardonon | mee peh-tahss pardoh'nohn
It was all a mistake | La tuta afero estis eraro | la too-tah ahfehr'oh eh-steess ehrah'ro
I claim damages | Mi postulas monkompenson | mee postoo'lahss mohnkompehn'sohn
The case is adjourned until… | La proceso estas prokrastita ĝis… | la prohtseh'so eh-stahss prohkrah-stee'tah jiss…
I will be here | Mi estos tie ĉi | mee ehstohss tee-eh chee

Commercial and Trading.
(Komercaj kaj Negocaj Frazoj.)

(For Vocabulary see page 56.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
The firm has failed | La firmo bankrotis | la feer'mo bahnkro'teess
What assets are there? | Kiom da aktivo estas? | kee-ohm dah ahktee'vo eh-stahss?
Show me a balance-sheet | Montru al mi bilancon | mohn-troo ahl mee bee-lahnt'sohn
What dividend is declared? | Kioman dividendon oni deklaris? | keeohman dividen'dohn ohnee deklah'reess?
The Bank rate is down | La Banka kurso malaltiĝis | la bahn-kah koor-so mahlahltee'jeess
Send in my account | Sendu mian konton | sehn-doo mee-ahn kontohn
There is an error in your account | Estas eraro en via konto | eh-stahss eh-rah'ro ehn vee-ah kon-toh
You have over-charged me | Vi kalkulis al mi tro kare | vee kahlkoo'leess ahl mee tro kah-reh
This has been paid | Tio estas pagita | teeoh ehstahss pahgheetah
Your account is overdue | Estas jam post la pagdato de via konto | ehstahss yahm pohst la pahg-dah'toh deh veeah kon-toh
Give me a receipt | Donu al mi kvitancon | donoo ahl mee kvitahnt'sohn
My samples are delayed | Miaj specimenoj malfruas | mee'ahy speht-seemeh'noy mahl-froo'ahss
Your esteemed order to hand | Via ŝatata mendo alvenis | vee-ah shahtah'tah mehndoh ahlveh'neess
We require trade references | Ni bezonas negocreferencojn | nee behzoh'nahss nehgohts-rehfehrent'soyn
I have a letter of introduction | Mi havas prezentan leteron | mee havahss prehzehn'tahn lehteh'rohn
When can you deliver the goods? | Kiam vi povas liveri la komercaĵojn? | kee-ahm vee po-vahss leeveh'ree la komehrtsah'zhoyn?
We will deliver on the 1st proximo | Ni liveros la unuan de la proksima monato | nee leeveh'rohss la oonoo'ahn deh la proksee'mah mohnah'toh
To execute an order | Plenumi mendon | plehnoo'mee mehndohn
Can I insure my baggage? | Ĉu mi povas asekuri miajn pakaĵojn? | choo mee po-vahss ahsehkoo'ree mee'ahyn pahkah'zhoyn?
Your baggage is liable to duty | Viaj pakaĵoj estas imposteblaj | vee'ahy pahkah'zhoy eh-stahss imposteh'blahy
What is the rate? | Po kiom? | po kee-ohm?
To discount a bill | Diskonti kambion | diskon'tee kahmbee'ohn
Will you accept a bill? | Ĉu vi akceptos kambion? | choo vee ahktsehp'tohss kahmbee'ohn?
Give me your estimate | Donu al mi vian kostproponon | dohnoo ahl mee vee-ahn kost-prohpo'nohn
Quote me a price | Proponu prezon | prohpo'noo preh-zohn
Carriage forward | Transporto pagota de la ricevonto | trahnspor'toh pahgoh'tah deh la ritsehvon'toh
Send by fast train | Sendu per rapidira vagono | sehn'doo pehr rahpeedee'rah vahgo'no
It is short weight | Mankas iom al la pezo | mahn-kahss ee-ohm ahl la peh-zo
What is the weight? | Kiom estas la pezo? | kee-ohm eh-stahss la peh-zo?
The consignment is bad | La sendaĵo estas malbona | la sehndah'zho ehstahss mahl-bo'nah
Not according to sample | Ne laŭ specimeno | neh lahw spehtseemeh'no

Changing Money.
(Por ŝanĝi monon.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Where can I get money changed? | Kie mi povas ŝanĝigi monon? | kee-eh mee po-vahss shahnjee'ghee mo-nohn?
I want change for a five-pound note | Mi volas havi monerojn por kvinfunta bankbileto | mee volahss hahvee moneh'royn por kvinfoon'tah bahnk-beeleh'toh
Will you give me English money? | Volu doni al mi Anglan monon? | vo-loo doh-nee ahl mee ahn-glahn mo-nohn?
What is the exchange on English money? | Po kiom estas la kurso pri Angla mono? | po kee-ohm eh-stahss la koor-so pree ahn-glah mo-no?
A bank-note | Bankbileto | bahnk-beeleh'toh
Will you change me these sovereigns? | Ĉu vi povas ŝanĝi por mi ĉi tiujn funtojn sterlingajn? | choo vee po-vahss shahnjee por mee chee tee-ooyn foon-toyn stehrlin'gahyn?
Will you cash this cheque for me? | Ĉu vi povas ŝanĝi por mi ĉi tiun ĉekon? | choo vee po-vahss shahnjee por mee chee tee-oon cheh-kohn?
This cheque needs endorsing | Estas necese, ĝiri tiun ĉi ĉekon | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, jee-ree tee-oon chee cheh-kohn

MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES.

MONEY.
(Mono.)

The following tables will be found useful:

English Money, with French, German and Italian Equivalents.

ENGLISH. | FRENCH. | GERMAN. | ITALIAN.
£ | s. | d. | Fr. | C. | Mark | Pf. | Lire | Cent.
50 | 0 | 0 | 1250 | 00 | 1000 | 00 | 1260 | 00
10 | 0 | 0 | 250 | 00 | 200 | 00 | 252 | 00
5 | 0 | 0 | 125 | 00 | 100 | 00 | 126 | 00
4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 00 | 80 | 00 | 100 | 80
1 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 00 | 20 | 00 | 25 | 20
| 16 | 0 | 20 | 00 | 16 | 00 | 20 | 16
| 10 | 0 | 12 | 50 | 10 | 00 | 12 | 60
| 5 | 0 | 6 | 25 | 5 | 00 | 6 | 30
| 4 | 0 | 5 | 00 | 4 | 00 | 5 | 04
| 2 | 6 | 3 | 12.5 | 2 | 50 | 3 | 15
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 00 | 1 | 25
| 6 |  | 62.5 |  | 50 |  | 62
| 5 |  | 52 |  | 41 |  | 52
| 4 |  | 41 |  | 33 |  | 41
| 1 |  | 10 |  |   8 |  | 10
| ½ |  |   5 |  |   4 |  |   5

French, German and Italian Money, with English Equivalents.

FRENCH. |  | ENGLISH. | GERMAN. |  | ENGLISH. | ITALIAN. |  | ENGLISH.
| £ | s. | d. |  | s. | d. |  | £ | s. | d.
50 | francs | = | 2 |   0 |   0 | 1 | mark | = | 1 | 0 | 50 | lire | = | 1 | 19 | 8
20 | " | = |  | 16 |   0 | 8 | pfennig | = |  | 1 | 20 | " | = |  | 16 | 0
5 | " | = |  |   4 |   0 | 4 | pfennig | = |  | ½ | 5 | " | = |  |   4 | 0
1 | franc | = |  | 10 |  | 1 | lira | = |  | 9½
10 | centimes | = |  |   1 |  | 10 | centesimi | = |  | 1
5 | " | = |  |   ½ |  | 5 | " | = |  | ½

Considerable use is also made by Esperantists of the International Auxiliary Money-unit (Internacia Helpa Mono) introduced by M. René de Saussure, of the Internacia Scienca Asocio, Geneva. The unit is the Speso, equivalent to one-tenth of a farthing in English money.

10 spesoj (abbr. 10 s.) = 1 spesdeko (1 sd.) = ¼d.

100 spesdekoj (100 sd.) = 1 spesmilo (1 sm.) = 2s. 0d.

1 sm. = 100 sd. = 1,000 s.

The approximate values of 10 spesmiloj in terms of the various national units are as follows: 10 spesmiloj = 25 francs = 20 shillings = 20 marks = 5 dollars = 24 Austrian kroner = 18 Scandinavian kroner = 12 Dutch florins = 9½ roubles = 4½ Portuguese milreis = 9 Brazilian milreis = 5 pesetas = 9¾ yen.

The chief point to remember is that 1 spesmilo equals 2 shillings, and 1 spesdeko equals approximately 1 farthing.

WEIGHTS & MEASURES.
(Pezoj kaj Mezuroj.)

The Metric System is the one in general use among Esperantists. The following table shows the essential decimal character of the system:

Parts. | Length. | Weight. | Capacity.
One-thousandth. | Milimetro. | Miligramo. | Mililitro.
One-hundredth. | Centimetro. | Centigramo. | Centilitro.
One-tenth. | Decimetro. | Decigramo. | Decilitro.
One. | Metro (unit). | Gramo (unit). | Litro (unit).
Ten. | Dekametro. | Dekagramo. | Dekalitro.
Hundred. | Hektometro. | Hektogramo. | Hektolitro.
Thousand. | Kilometro. | Kilogramo. | Kilolitro.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.
(Mezuroj de Longeco.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 inch | = | 2.54 centimetroj | 1 centimetro | = | 0.394 (1/3) inch
1 foot (12 in.) | = | 30.48 " | 1 decimetro | = | 3.94 inches
1 yard (3 ft.) | = | 91.43 " | 1 metro | = | 39.37 in. (3 ft. 3-1/3 in.)
1 furlong (220 yds.) | = | 201 metroj | 1 hektometro | = | 109 yds. 1 ft.
1 mile (1760 yds.) | = | 1.61 kilometroj | 1 kilometro | = | 1093 yds. (5/8 mile)
5 miles | = | 8.05 " | 5 kilometroj | = | 3 miles 220 yds.

WEIGHTS.
(Pezoj.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 ounce… | = | 28 gramoj | 1 gramo | = | .0357 (1/30) oz. (15.432 gr.)
1 lb. (16 oz.) | = | 453 " | 1 hektogramo | = | 3½ oz.
1 stone (14 lb.) | = | 6 kilo. 345 gr. | 1 kilogramo | = | 2.2 lb.
1 quarter (28 lb.) | = | 12 kilo. 690 gr. | 5 kilogramoj | = | 11 lb.
1 cwt. (112 lb.) | = | 50 kilo. 750 gr. | 1000 " | = | 19 cwt. 2 qr. 23 lb.
1 ton (20 cwt.) | = | 1015 kilogramoj |

LIQUIDS.
(Fluidaĵoj.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 pint | = | 0.57 litro | 1 litro | = | 1.76 (1¾) pints (0.22 gall.)
1 quart (2 pints) | = | 1.14 litroj | 5 litroj | = | 1 gallon 1 pint
1 gallon (4 quarts) | = | 4.54 " | 1 hektolitro | = | 22 gallons
1 barrel (36 gallons) | = | 160.32 " | 1 kilolitro | = | 220 "
1 hogshead (54 gall.) | = | 240.48 " |

AREA.
(Areo.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 sq. inch | = | 6.45 kvadrataj centimetroj | 1 centiaro (1 kv. metro) | = | 1.196 sq. yd.
1 sq. foot | = | 9.29 " decimetroj | 1 aro (100 kv. metroj) | = | 0.099 rood
1 sq. yard | = | 83.6 " decimetroj | 1 hektaro (10,000 kv. metroj) | = | 2.471 acres
1 acre | = | 4046.78 kv. metroj |

The following Esperanto translations of English units are sometimes needed: Colo, inch; futo, foot; jardo, yard; mejlo, mile; unco, ounce; funto, pound; ekro, acre.

POSTAGE.

The postage on Letters from the United Kingdom to foreign countries (except Egypt and the United States) is 2½d. for 1 ounce, and 1½d. for each succeeding ounce or fraction thereof; Postcards, 1d.; Newspapers, ½d. for every 2 ounces; Commercial Papers, 2½d. for the first 10 ounces, and ½d. per 2 ounces thereafter. Special Coupons for Prepayment of Reply are issued in connection with many countries.

NOTES

[1] Any information as to Esperanto groups, literature, etc., may be obtained on application to The British Esperanto Association, 142, High Holborn, London, W.C. 1.

[2] The names of trees and bushes are formed by adding the suffix -uj (or simply -arbo, tree) to the root denoting the fruit or flower. E.g., pruno, plum—prunujo or prunarbo, plum-tree; marono, chestnut—maronujo, maronarbo, chestnut-tree; rozo, rose—rozujo, rozarbeto, rose-bush.

[3] See p. 77, "The Noun."

[4] Where a country is called after its inhabitants, the Esperanto name for it is formed by adding the suffix -uj (= that which contains, see p. 85) or -lando (land) to the root denoting the inhabitant. Thus: Belg-o, Belgian—Belg-ujo, Belgium; Brito, Briton—Grandbritujo, Great Britain; Sviso, a Swiss—Svisujo, Switzerland; or Belgolando, Skotlando, Anglolando, Svislando, etc. Where the name of the inhabitants is formed from that of the country, use is made of the suffix -ano (= member of). Thus: Eŭropo, Europe—Eŭropano, European; Irlando, Ireland—Irlandano, Irishman.

[5] See -an, p. 85.

[6] See Participles, p. 81.

[7] See Affixes, p. 85.

[8] See Suffixes, p. 85.

[9] For this purpose the small penny Esperanto "key," which contains the fundamental roots of the language, will be found useful. It may be obtained of any Esperanto bookseller.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

The following typographic errors were corrected:

p. 20, piedovojeto > piedvojeto

p. 46, ŝraubturnilo > ŝraŭbturnilo

p. 60, Telephono > Telefono (in title)

p. 78, double > duoble (duoble, doubly)

p. 85, -ac > -aĉ

p. 87, autaŭ'ĉambro > antaŭ'ĉambro

p. 101, Lauhore > Laŭhore

p. 103, esta > estas (Ĉu la matenmanĝo estas…?)

p. 108, miaj-amikoj > miaj amikoj

p. 114, ŝraubingon > ŝraŭbingon

p. 118, ight-horse-power > eight-horse-power

as well as several punctuation errors and inconsistencies in the Prononciation column of the tables, which were silently corrected.

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