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Title: Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies

Author: Ticul Alvarez

Release date: August 23, 2010 [eBook #33509]

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME MICE OF THE PEROMYSCUS BOYLII GROUP IN EASTERN MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES ***

University of Kansas Publications
Museum of Natural History

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.
December 29, 1961

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The
Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,
With Description of a New Subspecies

BY
TICUL ALVAREZ

University of Kansas
Lawrence
1961

University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.
Published December 29, 1961

University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY
JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1961

29-393

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The
Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,
With Description of a New Subspecies

BY
TICUL ALVAREZ

Saussure (1860) described Peromyscus aztecus from southern México. Osgood (1909) by comparison of one of Saussure's specimens with some from Mirador, Veracruz, concluded that aztecus was a subspecies of P. boylii. Dalquest (1953) incorrectly reported specimens of P. boylii from San Luis Potosí as P. b. aztecus. Merriam (1898) named Peromyscus levipes from Mt. Malinche, Tlaxcala. Thomas (1903) described from Orizaba, Veracruz, P. beatae, which Osgood (1909) mistakenly thought was indistinguishable from P. boylii levipes. Therefore, Osgood in 1909 in his revision of the genus Peromyscus reported only two subspecies of P. boylii from eastern México: P. b. levipes, and P. b. aztecus. Study of Osgood's and Thomas' material, along with recently collected specimens from the states of eastern México, leads me to conclude that P. aztecus and P. boylii are different species; that P. beatae is a valid subspecies different from P. b. levipes; and finally that specimens of P. boylii from Nuevo León and northwestern Tamaulipas pertain to an hitherto unnamed subspecies.

Peromyscus aztecus Saussure

1860. H[esperomys]. aztecus Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:105, type from southern México, probably from the vicinity of Mirador, Veracruz, according to Osgood (N. Amer. Fauna, 28:156-157, April 17, 1909).

1909. Peromyscus boylei aztecus, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:156, April 17.

Geographic distribution.—Known only from Mirador and Jalapa in Veracruz, and Huachinango in Puebla.

Diagnosis.—Size medium for the genus (see measurements); tail about as long as head and body; dorsal coloration near Sayal Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, 1912); sides reddish; underparts Light Buff; tail bicolored but not distinctly so; supraorbital border of skull angular, and bullae pointed anteriorly; anterior half of braincase nearly straight (not rounded) as viewed from above; upper molar series long (4.7-5.0); incisive foramina short in relation to length of skull.

Comparisons.—From Peromyscus boylii, P. aztecus differs as follows: Larger in most parts measured; maxillary tooth-row 4.7-5.0 instead of 4.0-4.6; color brighter on sides (reddish instead of ochraceous); supraorbital border angular instead of rounded; anterior border of zygomatic plate convex in upper half and almost straight in lower half as opposed to nearly straight throughout in boylii; pterygoid fossa broader; bullae more pointed anteriorly and less inflated; mesostyles of upper molars larger; surface between orbital region and nasals convex in lateral view instead of flat.

Remarks.—When Saussure (1860:105) described P. aztecus he did not designate a type or type locality. Osgood (1909:157) designated as lectotype the mounted specimen, in the Geneva Museum, which has the skull inside and of which Saussure figured the molar teeth. Osgood (loc. cit.) examined one of the three specimens (No. 3926 USNM) that Saussure used in describing P. aztecus and found that it agreed "in every respect with recently collected specimens from Mirador, Veracruz, which, in the lack of exact knowledge, may be assumed to be the type locality, as it is certain that some at least of Saussure's specimens were taken near there."

Fig. 1. Two species of Peromyscus.
1. P. boylii ambiguus
2. P. boylii beatae
3. P. boylii levipes
4. P. aztecus (triangles)

Osgood regarded P. aztecus as a subspecies of P. boylii because of the resemblance between aztecus and P. b. evides, but evides is far removed geographically (occurring only in western México) from aztecus, and is smaller. P. aztecus is larger than any known subspecies of P. boylii, and is not known to intergrade with P. b. levipes or P. b. beatae (with which aztecus occurs sympatrically at Jalapa, Veracruz), the two subspecies of boylii that are found nearest the geographic range of P. aztecus. Also, as mentioned previously, aztecus possesses distinctive characters that distinguish it from all subspecies of boylii. For these reasons I regard aztecus as a distinct species.

According to Hall and Kelson (1959:634), P. aztecus occurs in San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and west-central Veracruz, but their map 364 is based on the records of Osgood (1909:158) and Dalquest (1953:143). I have examined all the specimens reported by the two authors last named and find that those from San Luis Potosí are P. boylii levipes.

The diagnosis and comparisons here presented of aztecus were based on specimens from Mirador in comparison with all the specimens of P. boylii from eastern México listed beyond. The largest specimens of P. boylii that I have examined are from Las Vigas, Veracruz, and localities within a radius of five kilometers thereof. Some measurements of these large specimens of P. boylii overlap those of P. aztecus but the two kinds of mice differ greatly in characters of the skull, in color, and in length of tail.

The specimens (three adults and three juveniles) from Huachinango, Puebla, are slightly darker than specimens from Mirador but do not differ otherwise. Of two specimens reported from Jalapa, Veracruz, by Osgood (1909:158), one (108547 USNM) agrees with specimens from Mirador in color and cranial characteristics and is P. aztecus, whereas the other (108548 USNM) is P. b. beatae.

Specimens examined.—Total 16 (all USNM) as follows: Puebla: Huachinango, 6. Veracruz: Mirador, 9; Jalapa, 1.

Peromyscus boylii levipes Merriam

1898. Peromyscus levipes Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 ft., Tlaxcala.

1909. Peromyscus boylei levipes, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:153, April 17.

Geographic distribution.—Southeastern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosí, south through the central states of México to Guatemala.

Diagnosis.—Size medium for the species; tail shorter or longer than head and body (83-112.3%); color variable according to locality but in general ochraceous, having some dusky on upper parts; supraorbital border not angular, almost rounded; auditory bullae large.

Comparisons.—For comparisons see accounts of the subspecies discussed beyond and Osgood (1909:145).

Remarks.—A precise diagnosis for P. b. levipes is difficult to prepare because some geographic variation in color and in the cranial characters is present within the range of the subspecies as here understood. For instance there is a gradual cline of decreasing size to the northward in nearly all measurements, but the ratio of length of tail to length of head and body does not present such a cline; mice from several localities in San Luis Potosí have a relatively shorter tail than do mice from farther north and from farther south. Also, specimens labeled in reference to Zacualpilla, Jacales, Jacala, Tulancingo, and San Miguel Regla average slightly darker dorsally than do typotypes. Some of these specimens are reddish on the cheek and lateral line. Specimens from San Luis Potosí resemble topotypes, but some specimens from northeastern localities in that state have cinnamon or brownish upper parts and are intermediate in coloration between populations of levipes to the south and populations of the same subspecies to the north from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Specimens from these two sierras have a cinnamon-reddish color that is more intense in specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas.

Osgood (1909:153) recorded P. b. levipes as occurring from central Nuevo León south through San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and Veracruz to southern Oaxaca. Actually specimens from Nuevo León and from most parts of Veracruz differ subspecifically from levipes and also from each other. In Veracruz, P. b. levipes is known only from the northwestern part.

Specimens examined.—Total 179 as follows: Tamaulipas: Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2000 ft., 8 mi. S, 11 mi. W Piedra, 13. San Luis Potosi: Villar, 11 (USNM); 10 km. E Platanito, 19 (LSU); 8 mi. E (by road) Santa Barbarita, 12 (LSU); Agua Zarca, 3 (LSU); 6 km. NE Cd. Maíz, 13 (LSU); Pendencia Region (Puerto Lobos), 1 (LSU); Pendencia, 2-1/2 mi. N Puerto Lobos, 5 (LSU); 3 km. SW Sán Isidro, 15 (LSU); Cerro Coneja Region, Llano Coneja, 6100 ft., 2 (LSU); Xilitla, 4 (LSU). Hidalgo: 10 mi. NE Jacala, 5050 ft., 7; Regla (Sán Miguel), 2250 m., 4; Arroyo de las Tinajas, 2370 m., 9.5 km. SSW Tulancingo, 1; 10 mi. NW Apam, 7750 ft., 1. Veracruz: 3 km. N Zacualpan, 6000 ft., 1; 3 km. W Zacualpan, 6000 ft., 12; 2 km. N Los Jacales, 7500 ft., 8; 6 km. WSW Zacualpilla, 6500 ft., 5. Tlaxcala: Mt. Malinche, 3 (USNM).

Peromyscus boylii beatae Thomas

1903. Peromyscus beatae Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:485, May, type from Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz.

Geographic distribution.—East side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Veracruz, from Jalancingo south to Xuchil.

Diagnosis.—Size large for the species; tail no shorter than head and body (100-114.8%); dorsum dark (near Prout's Brown or Mummy Brown middorsally, Clay Color on sides); supraorbital border rounded; anterior palatine foramina long.

Comparisons.—P. b. beatae differs from other subspecies of P. boylii by the combination of large size, long tail, and dark color.

Remarks.—Thomas (1903:485) described P. beatae on the basis of five specimens from Xometla Camp (lat. 18° 59' N, long. 97° 10' W) and one juvenile from Santa Barbara Camp, both on the Volcán de Orizaba, Veracruz. Thomas thought that beatae was related to aztecus, but the differences relied on by him to distinguish the two are the same as those that distinguish aztecus from boylii. Osgood (1909:153) placed beatae in synonymy under P. b. levipes because Mount Orizaba (type locality of beatae) is "relatively very near" Mount Malinche (type locality of levipes), and Thomas had not compared beatae with levipes. Xometla, on the east side of the Volcán de Orizaba, is approximately 56 miles east of the Tlaxcalan part of Mount Malinche and is situated where the Tropical Life-zone begins, whereas Mount Malinche is in the Austral Life-zone on the Mexican Plateau; the difference in habitat between the two places is great. Topotypes of levipes differ from two topotypes of beatae in the same fashion as do other specimens of levipes (from San Luis Potosí) from other specimens of beatae (from Veracruz). Unfortunately, the topotypes of beatae lack external measurements and are subadults, but their coloration agrees with that of other specimens that are here referred to beatae.

Hall and Kelson (1959:634, map 364) incorrectly mapped the distribution of levipes in Veracruz. There are at least two places named Xuchil in the state of Veracruz and Hall and Kelson (loc. cit.) unfortunately plotted the one at lat. 20° 42' N, long. 97° 42' W whereas the specimens actually were collected at the Xuchil on the pleateau south of the Volcán de Orizaba (18° 53' N, 97° 14' W) in the west-central part of Veracruz. The specimens from Xuchil are P. b. beatae.

Intergradation in color between the two subspecies levipes and beatae is seen in specimens from Jalapa and Zacualpan (3 km. N, also others from 3 km. W), Veracruz. Intergradation between these two subspecies possibly will be found elsewhere along the Sierra Madre Oriental.

Specimens examined.—Total 60 as follows: Veracruz: 1 km. E Jalancingo, 6500 ft., 2; 2 km. S Jalancingo, 2; 6 km. SSE Altotonga, 8000 ft., 8; 1 km. W Las Vigas, 8500 ft., 2; Las Vigas, 8500 ft., 13; 2 km. E Las Vigas, 8000 ft., 5; 3 km. E Las Vigas, 8000 ft., 8; 5 km. E Las Vigas, 7 (TAM); 5 km. N Jalapa, 4500 ft., 2; Jalapa, 1 (USNM); 10 km. SE Perote, N slope Cofre de Perote, 10,500 ft., 1 (TAM); Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, 8500 ft., 2 (BM); Sta. Barbara, Mt. Orizaba, 12,000 ft., 1 (BM); Xuchil, 6 (CM).

Peromyscus boylii ambiguus new subspecies

Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 33092, United States National Museum, from Monterrey, Nuevo León; obtained on February 17, 1891, by Wm. Lloyd, original number 377.

Geographic distribution.—Eastern Coahuila, central Nuevo León, and the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas.

Diagnosis.—Size small for the species; tail averaging longer than head and body (90-114%); dorsal coloration ochraceous, slightly darker middorsally;

cheeks and lateral line Capucine Orange; skull small; supraorbital border rounded; anterior palatine foramina short.

Comparisons.—P. b. ambiguus differs from P. b. levipes in smaller size, longer tail relative to length of head and body, smaller incisive foramina, brighter and paler color, and relatively broader interorbital region. From P. b. beatae, P. b. ambiguus differs in being smaller in all parts measured and paler.

Remarks.—Osgood (1909:155) reported as P. b. levipes 37 specimens from Monterrey and 18 from Cerro de la Silla, Nuevo León, but noted that they were "aberrant." I have examined those same specimens and can hardly decide to which species, P. boylii or P. pectoralis, they belong. Everything considered I, as did Osgood, opine that the specimens are P. boylii. However, I do not rule out the possibility that in this area there is an unnamed species, because I find an unusually wide range of variation in such cranial characters as size of the bullae, width and form of the pterygoid fossa, and shape of the braincase. Extremes of these characters are not constantly associated except in one specimen (33124 USNM), which is the smallest of all the adults examined. It has small bullae, a short rostrum, widely spreading zygomatic arches anteriorly, and a narrow pterygoid fossa, but does not differ externally from the other specimens. Additional material from this area is needed in order to make out the systematic position of these mice.

Because of the wide range of variation in some of its characters, P. b. ambiguus is difficult to diagnose. Nevertheless, its small external and cranial size, short anterior palatine foramina, and bright color seem to separate it from other subspecies of P. boylii in the eastern part of the range of the species. These differences are most conspicuous when specimens from the northernmost part of the range of levipes are compared with specimens of ambiguus.

The specimens from the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas, closely resemble levipes in color, but are referred to ambiguus on the basis of small size, as also are the two specimens from 12 km. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, Coahuila.

Table 1. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Peromyscus

Number of specimens
Total length
Length of tail-vertebrae
Length of hind foot
Per cent length of tail to head and body
Greatest length of skull
Zygomatic breadth
Interorbital constriction
Length of nasals
Palatine slits
Maxillary tooth-row

P. aztecus
Mirador, Veracruz

7 mean
229
113
24.5
...
30.1
15.3
4.7
12.5
6.4
4.8

max.
238
121
26.0
...
30.9
15.8
5.0
13.5
6.8
5.0

min.
215
107
24.0
...
29.2
14.9
4.6
11.2
5.7
4.7

P. boylii beatae
Las Vigas to 3 km. E thereof, Veracruz

14 mean
219.3
116.7
23.8
113.7
28.9
14.4
4.5
11.5
6.3
4.5

max.
235.0
130.0
25.0
128.9
29.8
15.1
4.7
12.5
6.8
4.8

min.
204.0
107.0
22.0
100.0
27.9
13.8
4.2
10.7
5.9
4.4

6 km. SSE Altotonga, Veracruz

5 mean
224.4
116.1
24.1
109.4
29.1
14.5
4.5
11.6
6.4
4.5

max.
241.0
126.0
25.0
114.8
30.1
15.2
4.6
12.0
6.7
4.7

min.
221.0
110.0
24.0
100.0
28.6
14.0
4.4
11.2
6.0
4.3

P. boylii levipes
3 km. SW San Isidro, San Luis Potosí

11 mean
205.6
99.5
22.4
93.8
28.5
14.2
4.4
11.3
5.9
4.4

max.
219.0
114.0
23.0
108.6
30.5
14.5
4.6
12.2
6.4
4.6

min.
193.0
90.0
21.0
87.4
27.2
13.8
4.2
10.8
5.6
4.1

6 km. NE Cd. del Maíz, San Luis Potosí

9 mean
198.7
96
22
93.4
28.1
14.0
4.4
11.2
6.0
4.5

max.
205.0
105
22
105.0
28.7
14.2
4.6
11.7
6.4
4.6

min.
187.0
90
22
85.7
27.3
13.4
4.3
10.6
5.7
4.3

11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, Tamaulipas

5 mean
201.8
101.8
22.6
101.8
28.5
14.0
4.4
11.3
6.1
4.3

max.
214.0
110.0
23.0
109.3
29.0
14.1
4.6
11.5
6.2
4.7

min.
193.0
94.0
22.0
94.9
28.2
13.9
4.2
11.0
6.0
4.1

P. boylii ambiguus
La Vegonia, Tamaulipas

7 mean
199.1
101.6
21.3
104.3
26.9
13.4
4.3
10.5
5.6
4.3

max.
213.0
109.0
22.4
108.9
28.6
13.7
4.5
11.8
5.9
4.7

min.
188.0
97.0
20.0
98.0
26.4
13.2
4.2
9.5
5.3
4.1

Monterrey, Nuevo León

16 mean
199.7
103.2
21.3
106.9
27.6
13.9
4.4
10.7
5.6
4.2

max.
216.0
114.0
22.0
125.6
28.2
14.9
4.6
11.5
5.8
4.5

min.
176.0
92.0
19.0
88.0
26.8
13.2
4.1
10.2
5.0
4.0

Specimens examined.—Total 64 as follows: Nuevo Leon (USNM): Monterrey, 37; Cerro de la Silla, 18. Coahuila: 12 km. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., 2. Tamaulipas: La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos, 7 (UMMZ).

I am grateful to the following persons for the loan of specimens: G. B. Corbet, British Museum, Natural History (BM); David H. Johnson, United States National Museum (USNM); George H. Lowery, Jr., Louisiana State University (LSU); Philip Hershkovitz, Chicago Natural History Museum (CM); William B. Davis, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College (TAM); W. H. Burt and Emmet T. Hooper, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ). Specimens lacking designation as to collection are housed in the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas. I am indebted to Professor E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. for the use of these specimens and for other assistance. It is appropriate to record also that the findings reported above are an outgrowth of related work done as a Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National Science Foundation.

LITERATURE CITED

Dalquest, W. W.

1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. Louisiana State Univ. Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:1-233, December 28.

Hall, E. R., and Kelson, K. R.

1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press, New York, vol. 2:ix + 547-1083 + 79, illustrated, March 31.

Osgood, W. H.

1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., April 17.

Ridgway, R.

1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., iv + 43 pp., 53 pls.

Saussure, M. H. de

1860. Note sur quelques mammifères du Mexique. Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:97-110, March.

Thomas, O.

1903. On three new forms of Peromyscus obtained by Dr. Hans Gadow, F. R. S., and Mrs. Gadow in Mexico. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:484-487, May.

Transmitted June 30, 1961.

◻
29-393

Transcriber's Note

The following typographical errors are noted, but not corrected in the text:

page 116: "typotypes" should be "topotypes"
page 116: "Potosi" should be "Potosí"
page 116: "Sán Miguel" should be "San Miguel"
page 116: "Sán Isidro" should be "San Isidro"
page 117: "pleateau" should be "plateau"
page 120: "Nuevo Leon" should be "Nuevo León"

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